PROCESS AND TOOLING FOR DECORATIVE MOLDED PLASTIC PRODUCTS
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a novel process in tooling for producing products of predetermined shape which have an outer skin with predetermined properties regarding its function and appearance and a body with different properties such as mechanical strength, weight, dimensional stability, nailability, stiffness, elasticity and the like.
The invention also relates to products produced by such novel process in tooling.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Products having a decorative and/or functional film covering a support body are known in the art. Such products are conventionally manufactured by first producing the desired decorative and/or functional film of a suitable plastic material in a vacuum forming process. The resulting film is then transferred into a compression or injection molding tool. The material to form the body component of the product is then loaded or injected into the tool and molded to the film or skin.
As presently manufactured, both the vacuum forming and the compression or injection molding tooling must be dedicated tooling and the vacuum formed film or skin must be transported between tooling. This requirement for handling and transfer between tooling gives rise to at least some degree of shrinkage of the film and oxidation or contamination of the film surfaces before it is inserted into the compression or injection molding tooling where the hot or softened charge of material which is to form the body component of the product is introduced into the mold tool. Thus, when the
body material cools and exhibits shrinkage, it tends to cause separation from the previously shrunk skin adversely affecting the resulting bond between the skin and body component. Any contamination of the skin surface at the interface between the skin and body component further adversely affects the body to skin bond. As a result, adhesion promoters often become necessary to achieve an acceptable interface adhesion.
Twin sheet vacuum forming to form hollow parts similar to blow moldings is also known in the art to provide a desired decorative and functional skin. All tooling, however, is dedicated vacuum forming tools and, if these hollow components are to filled with a body material such as a foam material, this filling is done in a separate process.
It is also known to provide outer surfaces having limited decorative and functional characteristics by placing an elastic film having high elongation properties in a compression or injection mold and utilizing the pressure of the compressed or injected material to force the elastic film against one side of the mold tool to adapt the film to its surface.
All of these known processes have one or more serious limitations such as the need for dedicated tooling, the need for multiple processing steps, limited decorative or functional qualities, and inadequate or limited bonding between the decorative or functional surfaces and the body material.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to overcoming the disadvantageous of the prior art process tooling and products formed therefrom. More particularly, the invention resides in providing for the vacuum forming of the desired decorative and functional skin in situ in the compression or injection molding tooling prior to the introduction of the molten or softened material which is to form the body of the component into the tooling, then introducing such material and forcing same under pressure against the in situ previously vacuum formed skin.
With the vacuum formed skin in place within the compression or injection molding tooling, the molding of the body component can be carried out before any significant shrinkage or contamination of the skin takes place whereby an extremely positive bond between the skin and body component is effected.
The invention further provides for novel tooling for carrying out the process and novel products produced by the process and tooling.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a cross sectional view of the cavity side of a very simple compression molding tool modified to provide vacuum ports through the bottom wall thereof and showing a film of thermoplastic material clamped in position preparatory to being vacuum formed.
Figure 2 shows the cavity mold component of Figure 1 after the film has been vacuum formed to conform to the configuration of the bottom wall of the cavity mold member.
Figure 3 illustrates the further step in which after the film has been vacuum formed as shown in Figure 2 a charge of molten or softened material which is to form the body component of the molding has been introduced on top of the vacuum formed skin and showing the core side of the tooling in position to compress the charge of body material.
Figure 4 illustrates the subsequent step in which the core side of the mold tool has compressed the charge of body material against the vacuum formed skin.
Figure 5 is a perspective view illustrating the product formed by the steps illustrated in Figures 1 to 4.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION ACCORDING TO THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
The invention for simplicity will be described in connection with very simple compression molding type tooling by way of illustration only and it will be appreciated that it is equally applicable to injection type molding tooling.
As illustrated in Figure 1 what would otherwise be a conventional cavity side one of a conventional compression molding tool or tooling has been modified to provide a series of vacuum ports or passages 2 extending through the bottom wall 3 of the cavity 4 presented by the cavity side tool part 1 it being understood that this cavity 4 is enclosed by the surrounding wall 5.
A plurality of grooves 6 are formed in the bottom wall 3 each of these grooves being connected with one of the vacuum ports 2.
In carrying out the molding operation, as illustrated in Figure 1 , a film or sheet 7 of heated thermoplastic material is clamped over the cavity 4 by clamps 8 preparatory to applying vacuum through a suitable vacuum source, not shown, through the vacuum ports 2.
As illustrated in Figure 2, on the application of the vacuum the hot sheet or film 7 is drawn down against the bottom wall 3 that is vacuum formed to conform to the bottom wall 3 at which point it closes off the vacuum ports 2.
The film or sheet 7 can be made of various materials and compositions and may comprise a composite sheet made up of multi-layer films. The exposed side of the film may be coloured for decoration or may have a non-skid surface and the film or sheet may include desired additives
such as those offering ultraviolet light protection or impact resistance. Typically the outer skin 7 is made from relatively expensive raw materials utilizing virgin materials to provide the requisite decorative and functional qualities.
Figure 3 illustrates the introduction into the cavity mold side 1 of a charge of molten or heated material 9 and showing the core side 10 of the tooling ready to compress this charge of material against the vacuum formed skin 7 designated as 7v.
The charge of molten or softened material 9 preferably comprises inexpensive recycled thermoplastic materials highly loaded with even more economical fillers and reinforcements such as organic fibers such as wood fibers, sugar cane, corn, flax, jute, paper and the like and/or inorganic components such as fly ash, corral sand, or other organic or inorganic components such as rubber, thermosets, including glass fibers and calcium carbonate. It will be understood that the sole function of the body is to provide for certain mechanical properties such as stiffness, elasticity, nailability or other functions such as high or low weight.
Figure 5 illustrates the core side 10 having applied a compressive force to spread and compress the charge of material 9 compressed against the vacuum formed skin 7v under high compressive forces into the shape 9c while the skin 7v remains in situ.
It will be understood that once the skin has been vacuum formed to the configuration of 7v the charge of body material 9 can be introduced immediately before any, or any significant, oxidation of the upper surface 7'v can occur and before any, or any significant, cooling and shrinkage of the vacuum formed film 7v has occurred. If desired, vacuum may be continued through the vacuum ports 2 during the compression molding of the body material 9 to the desired shape 9c to maintain the vacuum formed film 7v until there is a compressive force built up against the film by the relative closure of the mold.
The contact of the molten or hot softened body material 9 with the vacuum formed skin 7v immediately transforms heat to the skin 7v to raise its temperature towards the temperature of the material 9 as this material is compressed into the desired shape 9c. Thereafter, both the skin 7v and the body material 9 cool together and being intimately bonded at the interface their shrinkage is mutually controlled eliminating the problem associated with shrink stress separation occurring in existing processes.
As a result of the fact that the compression molding takes place immediately after the vacuum forming of the skin 7v avoiding contamination and oxidation of the skin 7v and ensuring mutual interaction between this vacuum formed skin 7v and the body material 9 which has been molded into the shape 9c during cooling and shrinkage, a very positive bond is achieved between the shaped material 9c and skin 7v at the interface therebetween. This pressure fused essentially shrink stress free bond has been found to be significantly greater than the bond achieved by present processes.
After sufficient cooling, the molded composite product comprising the skin 7v and the pressure molded body 9c is removed from the mold and forms the product P illustrated in Figure 5.
The invention has been described in conjunction with a modified compression mold tooling in which the cavity side 1 has been provided with the vacuum ports 2 for producing the vacuum formed skin 7v. It will be appreciated that the core side 10 of the tool can also be modified to provide vacuum ports (not shown) for vacuum forming a skin adhered to the underside thereof.
It will be appreciated that if both the cavity side 1 and the core side 2 of the tooling are modified to provide for vacuum formed skins on both sides of the molding tool, then on completion of the molding operation the molded body 9c will be totally encapsulated in an outer skin having the desired decorative and functional properties.
It will be understood that the principle involved can be applied equally to modify injection molding tooling where again a skin of suitable material is vacuum formed within one or more of the parts of the injection molding tool after which the tool is closed and the normal injection molding of the appropriate molten or heated softened body material such as described above is injected into the mold and delivered under pressure against the previously in situ vacuum molded skin or skins. As before, such injection molding step should be taken immediately after the vacuum forming of the skin or skins in situ in the molding tool to avoid problems of contamination and oxidation of the vacuum formed skin or skins and to effect the mutually controlled shrinkage of the bonded body and skin components.
It will be understood that variations in details of the molds and materials may be made without departing from the scope of the appended claims.