WO1999023267A1 - Non-magnetic corrosion resistant high strength steels - Google Patents
Non-magnetic corrosion resistant high strength steels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999023267A1 WO1999023267A1 PCT/GB1998/003029 GB9803029W WO9923267A1 WO 1999023267 A1 WO1999023267 A1 WO 1999023267A1 GB 9803029 W GB9803029 W GB 9803029W WO 9923267 A1 WO9923267 A1 WO 9923267A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- equivalence
- chromium
- nickel
- steel
- composition
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
Definitions
- This invention relates to non-magnetic corrosion resistant high strength steels. More especially, but not exclusively, the invention relates to steels suitable for use as non-magnetic components in directional drilling of oil and gas wells.
- yield strength is increased by the presence of relatively high nitrogen contents. This presence also increases strain - hardening rate, as does the reduction in nickel content.
- the relatively high manganese levels are necessary to retain the high nitrogen contents during normal melting, casting and solidification at atmospheric pressure, and also to improve the stability of the austenitic structure.
- a low carbon content is necessary to limit the formation of chromium rich carbides during processing; the presence of such carbides can adversely reduce resistance to corrosion.
- some strain hardening is necessary to generate the required strength. This can, however, be readily achieved, even in the largest sections, by deformation at temperatures below that which produces auto-recrystallisation.
- a hazard with all steels used in drill strings is galling at the threaded joints. Such joints must be made at high torques to minimise stress concentration in service and provide effective seals at mating shoulders.
- galling may be described as localised friction-welding of surfaces moving relative to one another under pressure. Galling can prevent successful jointing of components and/or prevent release of the joint between components after use. The damage caused on thread and shoulder surfaces (production of cavities and metal build up) can render them unsuitable for further use and, although some re-threading can be achieved, the lives of the components are shortened. Austenitic stainless steels are especially prone to galling and, although compositions A and B are superior in this respect to more conventional 300 series stainless steels, improved galling resistance was required which led to the development of composition C. This composition is now widely used.
- Drilling fluids used are commonly aqueous and compositions are chosen to be compatible with the strata being drilled. Drilling fluids often have large contents of solids, both soluble and insoluble, notably chlorides and, less frequently, bromides which can cause corrosion problems.
- pH is usually kept above neutral so that hydrogen evaluation cannot be a corrosion product, and the cathodic corrosion reaction will normally involve water and dissolved oxygen producing the hydroxyl ion.
- the availability of dissolved oxygen will control the rate of corrosion possible; because the source of oxygen is the atmosphere, dissolved oxygen of the fluid will be controlled by drilling conditions and procedures. It is usually low enough for there to be few problems with low alloy steel components. With these, any corrosion is general in nature and therefore, with limited oxygen availability the resulting general charges in dimension are small and tolerable.
- the invention sets out to provide such a steel which does have all of these desired properties.
- a nonmagnetic corrosion resistant high strength steel whose composition by weight % includes:-
- Chromium from 1 3.5 to 1 8.0% 6
- Nickel from 1 .0 to 4.0% ⁇
- Molybdenum from 1 .5 to 3.5% /o
- the invention provides a non-magnetic corrosion and galling resistant high strength steels whose composition by weight includes
- Chromium from 1 3.5 to 1 8.0%
- Nickel from 1 .0 to 7.0%
- Molybdenum from 1 .5 to 4.0%
- a preferred composition by weight % of steels in accordance with the invention is carbon up to 0.55%, silicon up to 1 %, manganese 1 2 to 1 6%, chromium 14 to 1 6%, nickel 1 .0 to 5%, molybdenum 1 .7 to 3.0% and nitrogen, 0.2 to 0.40%, balance iron and incidental impurities.
- a further more limited composition by weight % is carbon up to 0.035%, silicon up to 0.5%, manganese 1 3 to 1 5.0%, chromium 1 5 to 1 6%, nickel 2.0 to 2.75%, molybdenum 2.0 to 2.5% and nitrogen 0.30 to 0.40%, balance iron and incidental impurities.
- the balance of the composition conforms with the following equation:-
- balance of the composition may conform with the following equations :
- Ni equivalence %Ni + 30% C + 20% N and
- Ni equivalence % Ni + 0.5% Mn + 30% C + 30% N.
- the invention provides a non-magnetic component for use in directional drilling produced from a nigh strength corrosion resistant steel of composition as specified in any one of the preceding four paragraphs.
- the component may be a drill collar.
- chromium an essential component of a stainless steel is chromium, at least 1 2% by weight in solid solution being generally deemed to be desirable.
- increasing the content of chromium above this value progressively improves resistance to corrosion initiation and its rate of propagation.
- a number of other elements can complement the beneficial effect of chromium, notably molybdenum. Both chromium and molybdenum however, promote the formation of magnetic delta ferrite phase which cannot be tolerated for the particular use under consideration. To prevent the presence of this ferrite phase, there must be present in sufficient amounts elements which suppress its formation, notably carbon, nickel and nitrogen.
- the tolerable content of carbon is very low because the presence of carbides can be deleterious to corrosion resistance.
- Nickel has a deleterious effect on the tendency for galling and thus its content must also be low.
- Nitrogen has no deleterious effect on galling and, moreover, in the presence of chromium, improves resistance to corrosion.
- the quantity of nitrogen which can be retained in a steel on freezing is limited unless there is sufficient appropriate alloying of the current type. While chromium promotes solubility in proportion to its content, chromium alloying alone is insufficient and it has to be supplemented with manganese. Manganese, however, adversely effects resistance to corrosion.
- composition conforms with the following:-
- One example of a steel composition in accordance with the invention is:
- This steel was forged to form 10 metre length bars of 1 80 mm and 1 90 mm diameter by a normal production technique including hot forging and warm straining.
- the mechanical properties taken from positions in accordance with API 7 Section 6 were:
- Corrosion resistance was demonstrated by two accelerated laboratory tests.
- the corrodent chosen was a 20% solution of sodium chloride at 50°C open to atmosphere.
- the test sample was a small cylinder and this was embedded in a layer of fine sand to simulate severe crevice conditions.
- the sample was connected via an ammeter to an electrode either of copper or of type 304 stainless steel; the electrode surface area was 1 50 sq cms.
- the current flow provided an indication of the corrosion occurring.
- To accelerate the test there was an initial period when the test sample was polarised anodically at a high current to ensure that corrosion had started and was proceeding at a high rate. After stopping polarisation, the current flow was monitored until a steady value was obtained and this was noted. Values for static and flowing solutions were taken. These are tabulated in Table 2 below:-
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE69802967T DE69802967T2 (en) | 1997-11-05 | 1998-10-08 | NON-MAGNETIC STEEL WITH HIGH CORROSION RESISTANCE AND HIGH STRENGTH |
EP98946594A EP1051529B1 (en) | 1997-11-05 | 1998-10-08 | Non-magnetic corrosion resistant high strength steels |
DK98946594T DK1051529T3 (en) | 1997-11-05 | 1998-10-08 | Non-magnetic corrosion resistant high strength steel |
AU93596/98A AU9359698A (en) | 1997-11-05 | 1998-10-08 | Non-magnetic corrosion resistant high strength steels |
CA002307570A CA2307570C (en) | 1997-11-05 | 1998-10-08 | Non-magnetic corrosion resistant high strength steels |
AT98946594T ATE210741T1 (en) | 1997-11-05 | 1998-10-08 | NON-MAGNETIC STEEL WITH HIGH CORROSION RESISTANCE AND HIGH STRENGTH |
BR9813966-5A BR9813966A (en) | 1997-11-05 | 1998-10-08 | High strength steels resistant to non-magnetic corrosion and high strength resistant to abrasion and non-magnetic corrosion, non-magnetic component for use in directional drilling, and drilling collar |
NO20002170A NO334118B1 (en) | 1997-11-05 | 2000-04-27 | High-strength non-magnetic, corrosion- and demolition-resistant steel |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9723242.5 | 1997-11-05 | ||
GB9723242A GB2331103A (en) | 1997-11-05 | 1997-11-05 | Non-magnetic corrosion resistant high strength steels |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/945,913 Continuation US20050047952A1 (en) | 1997-11-05 | 2004-09-22 | Non-magnetic corrosion resistant high strength steels |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999023267A1 true WO1999023267A1 (en) | 1999-05-14 |
Family
ID=10821528
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB1998/003029 WO1999023267A1 (en) | 1997-11-05 | 1998-10-08 | Non-magnetic corrosion resistant high strength steels |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1051529B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE210741T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU9359698A (en) |
BR (1) | BR9813966A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2307570C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69802967T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK1051529T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2169925T3 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2331103A (en) |
NO (1) | NO334118B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999023267A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2015073201A1 (en) | 2013-11-12 | 2015-05-21 | Ati Properties, Inc. | Methods for processing metal alloys |
US9347121B2 (en) | 2011-12-20 | 2016-05-24 | Ati Properties, Inc. | High strength, corrosion resistant austenitic alloys |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2003155542A (en) * | 2001-11-21 | 2003-05-30 | Japan Atom Energy Res Inst | HIGH NONMAGNETIC Mn STEEL FOR SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNET HAVING EXCELLENT HOT WORKABILITY AND HEATING EMBRITTLEMENT RESISTANCE AFTER HEAT TREATMENT FOR PRODUCING SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNET |
WO2004027392A1 (en) * | 2002-09-20 | 2004-04-01 | Enventure Global Technology | Pipe formability evaluation for expandable tubulars |
US7886831B2 (en) | 2003-01-22 | 2011-02-15 | Enventure Global Technology, L.L.C. | Apparatus for radially expanding and plastically deforming a tubular member |
US7712522B2 (en) | 2003-09-05 | 2010-05-11 | Enventure Global Technology, Llc | Expansion cone and system |
US10316616B2 (en) | 2004-05-28 | 2019-06-11 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Dissolvable bridge plug |
US7819185B2 (en) | 2004-08-13 | 2010-10-26 | Enventure Global Technology, Llc | Expandable tubular |
US8770261B2 (en) | 2006-02-09 | 2014-07-08 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Methods of manufacturing degradable alloys and products made from degradable alloys |
US7658883B2 (en) | 2006-12-18 | 2010-02-09 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Interstitially strengthened high carbon and high nitrogen austenitic alloys, oilfield apparatus comprising same, and methods of making and using same |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4919728A (en) * | 1985-06-25 | 1990-04-24 | Vereinigte Edelstahlwerke Ag (Vew) | Method of manufacturing nonmagnetic drilling string components |
US5094812A (en) * | 1990-04-12 | 1992-03-10 | Carpenter Technology Corporation | Austenitic, non-magnetic, stainless steel alloy |
JPH06235049A (en) * | 1993-02-09 | 1994-08-23 | Nippon Steel Corp | High strength nonmagnetic stainless steel and its production |
JPH06322446A (en) * | 1993-05-13 | 1994-11-22 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Production of high strength nonmagnetic stainless steel pc stranded wire excellent in stress corrosion cracking resistance |
EP0694626A1 (en) * | 1994-07-26 | 1996-01-31 | Acerinox S.A. | Austenitic stainless steel with low nickel content |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3151979A (en) * | 1962-03-21 | 1964-10-06 | United States Steel Corp | High strength steel and method of treatment thereof |
GB1432396A (en) * | 1973-07-09 | 1976-04-14 | Armco Steel Corp | Chromium-nickel-manganese-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel |
US4450008A (en) * | 1982-12-14 | 1984-05-22 | Earle M. Jorgensen Co. | Stainless steel |
-
1997
- 1997-11-05 GB GB9723242A patent/GB2331103A/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1998
- 1998-10-08 CA CA002307570A patent/CA2307570C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-10-08 AU AU93596/98A patent/AU9359698A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-10-08 ES ES98946594T patent/ES2169925T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-10-08 DK DK98946594T patent/DK1051529T3/en active
- 1998-10-08 WO PCT/GB1998/003029 patent/WO1999023267A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-10-08 DE DE69802967T patent/DE69802967T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-10-08 EP EP98946594A patent/EP1051529B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-10-08 AT AT98946594T patent/ATE210741T1/en active
- 1998-10-08 BR BR9813966-5A patent/BR9813966A/en active IP Right Grant
-
2000
- 2000-04-27 NO NO20002170A patent/NO334118B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4919728A (en) * | 1985-06-25 | 1990-04-24 | Vereinigte Edelstahlwerke Ag (Vew) | Method of manufacturing nonmagnetic drilling string components |
US5094812A (en) * | 1990-04-12 | 1992-03-10 | Carpenter Technology Corporation | Austenitic, non-magnetic, stainless steel alloy |
JPH06235049A (en) * | 1993-02-09 | 1994-08-23 | Nippon Steel Corp | High strength nonmagnetic stainless steel and its production |
JPH06322446A (en) * | 1993-05-13 | 1994-11-22 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Production of high strength nonmagnetic stainless steel pc stranded wire excellent in stress corrosion cracking resistance |
EP0694626A1 (en) * | 1994-07-26 | 1996-01-31 | Acerinox S.A. | Austenitic stainless steel with low nickel content |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 018, no. 615 (C - 1277) 24 November 1994 (1994-11-24) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 095, no. 002 31 March 1995 (1995-03-31) * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9347121B2 (en) | 2011-12-20 | 2016-05-24 | Ati Properties, Inc. | High strength, corrosion resistant austenitic alloys |
WO2015073201A1 (en) | 2013-11-12 | 2015-05-21 | Ati Properties, Inc. | Methods for processing metal alloys |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2307570C (en) | 2008-08-26 |
DK1051529T3 (en) | 2002-04-08 |
GB9723242D0 (en) | 1998-01-07 |
DE69802967T2 (en) | 2002-09-12 |
ATE210741T1 (en) | 2001-12-15 |
BR9813966A (en) | 2000-09-26 |
NO20002170L (en) | 2000-05-04 |
EP1051529B1 (en) | 2001-12-12 |
NO20002170D0 (en) | 2000-04-27 |
CA2307570A1 (en) | 1999-05-14 |
GB2331103A (en) | 1999-05-12 |
AU9359698A (en) | 1999-05-24 |
NO334118B1 (en) | 2013-12-16 |
EP1051529A1 (en) | 2000-11-15 |
ES2169925T3 (en) | 2002-07-16 |
DE69802967D1 (en) | 2002-01-24 |
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