WO1999021419A1 - Solid formulation of a plant protection agent - Google Patents
Solid formulation of a plant protection agent Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999021419A1 WO1999021419A1 PCT/EP1998/006682 EP9806682W WO9921419A1 WO 1999021419 A1 WO1999021419 A1 WO 1999021419A1 EP 9806682 W EP9806682 W EP 9806682W WO 9921419 A1 WO9921419 A1 WO 9921419A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- solid preparation
- melt
- plant protection
- solid
- active ingredient
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
- A01N37/50—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids the nitrogen atom being doubly bound to the carbon skeleton
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
- A01N25/10—Macromolecular compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/12—Powders or granules
- A01N25/14—Powders or granules wettable
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/34—Shaped forms, e.g. sheets, not provided for in any other sub-group of this main group
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
- A01N47/30—Derivatives containing the group >N—CO—N aryl or >N—CS—N—aryl
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solid preparation of a crop protection agent obtainable by producing a melt comprising
- an active ingredient which can be used in crop protection or a combination of such active ingredients 20-99% by weight of at least one thermoplastic binder with a melting or glass transition temperature of more than 70 ° C. 0-20% by weight of additives,
- thermoplastic melt the sum of all the ingredients being equal to 100% by weight and subsequent pastillation, by dividing the thermoplastic melt into drops in a first step and solidifying them in a second step by cooling.
- the invention further relates to a process for the production of a solid preparation of a crop protection agent, characterized in that at least one active ingredient, at least one thermoplastic binder having a melting or glass transition temperature of more than 70 ° C. and, if appropriate, customary additives are melted to form a thermoplastic mixture, the melt into droplets and these parts solidified cool in a second step by Ab ⁇ .
- the invention further provides a process, characterized denotes ge ⁇ that a solid formulation of a crop ⁇ protection means for controlling phytopathogenic fungi, uner ⁇ wünschtem vegetation, undesired attack by insects or mites and / or for regulating the growth of plants in solid or dissolved form and used on plants, their habitat or on seeds.
- Active ingredient-containing preparations Herge by melt extrusion ⁇ sets are generally known.
- EP-A 596 203 mentions solid preparations of crop protection agents with a delayed active ingredient release.
- WO 92/15197 describes the production of water-dispersible, quick-release crop protection granules.
- the crop protection active ingredient is used for shaping together with water-soluble fillers, for example urea, sugar alcohols, so-called “heat-activated binders” (ethoxylated alkylphenols or ethylene oxide / propylene oxide block copolymers) and various auxiliaries (anionic surfactants, disintegrants, fillers, etc.) 50-130 ° C extruded through a sieve, for example.
- water-soluble fillers for example urea, sugar alcohols, so-called “heat-activated binders” (ethoxylated alkylphenols or ethylene oxide / propylene oxide block copolymers) and various auxiliaries (anionic surfactants, disintegrants, fillers, etc.) 50-130 ° C extruded through a sieve, for example.
- WO 93/25074 discloses water-dispersible crop protection granules which, in addition to the active component and various additives, contain in particular polyethylene glycols and surfactants containing ethylene oxide groups.
- WO 94/08455 describes the co-extrusion of crop protection agents with polyvinylpyrrolidone, followed by cooling, breaking and grinding. The ground extrudate is sieved and, if necessary, tableted.
- WO 94/23579 describes the use of such solid concentrates for the production of aqueous dispersions of pyrethroid insecticides.
- WO 94/08455 describes the melt extrusion of crop protection active ingredients with polyvinylpyrrolidone as a binder, but the emerging melt is not subjected to any subsequent shaping step. The cooled melt is broken, ground and sieved. This process is complex, cost-intensive, leads to dust formation and results in non-abrasion-resistant, non-uniform broken granules.
- WO 93/25074 mentions the possibility of assembly using Rotoformer ® .
- Polyethylene glycol is used as a binder in all examples.
- the recipes for the recipes with the active ingredients diuron - analogous to WO 93/25074, page 26, example 14 - and kresoxim-methyl resulted no "solid solutions", ie did not contain the active substance in a molecularly dispersed manner in the matrix.
- the formulations below are cloudy, mostly soft powder agglomerates which, compared to the formulations according to the invention, can be dispersed only slowly and incompletely in water.
- Pastilles are solid moldings that can be created by dividing a highly viscous mass into droplet-like quantities as they pass through one or more openings, which are then cooled, for example, on a moving transport surface to form solid moldings. This process is state of the art and is sold, for example, by Sandvik Process Systems GmbH, Stuttgart, as Rotoformer ® (US 4,279,579).
- a problem is the pastilling of high-viscosity, low-viscosity melts, since these do not harden sufficiently when they are shaped into solid preparations of pesticides.
- the object of the present invention was to provide a homogeneous, non-sticky, fast and fine-particle dispersing crop protection solid formulation which should have a long shelf life.
- active substances are considered that do not decompose under the processing conditions during the production of the melt.
- the amount of active ingredient components in the overall preparation can vary within wide limits depending on the effectiveness, the rate of release and the dispersibility.
- the active ingredient content can thus be in the range from 1-80% by weight, preferably from 20-80% by weight, based on the preparation as a whole.
- the only condi ⁇ supply is that the preparation is still melt-processable.
- the active ingredient is advantageously in the form of a "solid solution", ie molecularly dispersed in the matrix of the binder.
- suitable binders are polymeric or low molecular weight binders which can be processed without decomposition and which, together with the active ingredient and other additives, result in solid forms which do not tend to flow cold.
- mp melting
- Tg glass transition temperature
- Tg glass temperatures
- the melting point or the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic binder should generally be above 70 ° C., preferably> .80 ° C. and particularly preferably> 90 ° C. Above all, when the active ingredient and binder partially or completely form a solid solution, because in these cases the glass transition temperature or melting point is significantly reduced. This behavior is particularly evident with low-melting active ingredients.
- the binder should advantageously be water-soluble or water-dispersible.
- the active ingredient and binder should usually be able to be processed homogeneously, i.e. there should be no phase separation in the liquid state. Ideally, this also applies to the cooled solid phase (solid solution).
- the binder should therefore be water-soluble or swellable in an aqueous, neutral solution and also have the ability to dissolve hydrophobic active substances.
- binders are: Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) and vinyl esters, in particular vinyl acetate, copolymers of vinyl acetate and crotonic acid, partially saponified polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyhydroxyalkyl acrylates (for example Ci- or C 2 -alkyl), polyhydroxyalkyl methacrylates ( C 2 alkyl), polyacrylates and polymethacrylates (Eudragit types), copolymers of methyl methacrylate and acrylic acid, cellulose esters, cellulose ethers, in particular methyl cellulose and ethyl cellulose, hydroxyalkyl celluloses, in particular hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxyalkyl alkyl celluloses, in particular hydroxypropyl ethyl cellulose, Cellulose phthalates, especially cellulose acetate phthalate and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose phthalate
- the K values (according to H. Fikentscher, Cellulose-Chemie 13 (1932), pages 58 to 64 and 71 and 74) of the polymers are in the range from 10 to 100, preferably 12 to 70, in particular 12 to 35, for PVP> 17, in particular 20 to 35.
- Preferred polymeric binders are polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) and Vinylestern, in particular vinyl acetate, copolymers of vinyl acetate and crotonic ⁇ acid, partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyhydroxyalkyl (Cj_- or C 2 alkyl), polyhydroxyalkyl methacrylates (C ⁇ - or C -alkyl), polyacrylates and polymethacrylates (Eudragit types), copolymers of methyl methacrylate and acrylic acid.
- PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
- NVP N-vinylpyrrolidone
- Vinylestern in particular vinyl acetate, copolymers of vinyl acetate and crotonic ⁇ acid, partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyhydroxyalkyl (Cj_- or C 2 alkyl), polyhydroxyal
- Particularly preferred polymeric binders are one or more polyvinylpyrrolidones and / or one or more copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone.
- the polymeric binder should generally soften or melt in the total mixture of all components in the range from 20 ° to 180 ° C., preferably 60 ° to 130 ° C.
- the glass transition temperature of the mixture will therefore usually be below 180 ° C, preferably below 130 ° C.
- the amount of plasticizer is at most 20, in general 0.5 to 15, preferably 0.5 to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the mixture, so that storage-stable plant protection product formulations are formed which do not show a cold flow.
- plasticizers are: long-chain alcohols, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, triethylene glycol, butanediols, pentanols, such as pentaerythritol, hexanols, polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, polyethylene propylene glycols, silicones, aromatic carboxylic acid esters, eg trimellitic acid esters (eg dialkyl acid phthalates) esters, terephthalic acid esters) or aliphatic dicarboxylic acid esters (eg dialkyl adipates, sebacic acid esters, azelaic acid esters, citric and tartaric acid esters), fatty acid esters such as glycerol mono-, glycerol di- or glycerol triacetate, fatty acid glycerides or sodium diethyl sulfosuccinate.
- the mixture preferably contains no plasticizer.
- the addition of surfactants Sub ⁇ is partially attached punching preparation for efficient biological effect of the supply according to the invention.
- the surface-active substances are the alkali, alkaline earth and ammonium salts of aromatic sulfonic acids, for example lignin, phenol, naphthalene and dibutylnaphthalene sulfonic acid, and of fatty acid, alkyl and alkylarylsulfonates, alkyl, lauryl ether and fatty alcohol sulfates, and Salts of sulfated hexa-, hepta- and octadecanols or fatty alcohol - glycol ethers, condensation products of sulfonated naphthalene and its derivatives with formaldehyde, condensation products of naphthalene or naphthalenesulfonic acids with phenol and formaldehyde, polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether, ethoxylated isooc
- fillers or excipients which accelerate the release (disintegrants, wick substances), substances which improve the dispersibility or the dispersion stabilization (eg, anionic surfactants) or extrude sion technical aids such as lubricants or Fumbleregu ⁇ liermittel.
- Dyes such as azo dyes, organic or inorganic pigments or dyes of natural origin, inorganic pigments being used in a concentration of 0.001 to 10, preferably 0.5 to 3% by weight, based on the total weight of the formulation, can be used in the mixture stabilizers such as antioxidants, light stabilizers, hydroperoxide destroyers, radical scavengers are added to prepare the formulation.
- Wetting agents, preservatives, adsorption agents, mold release agents and blowing agents can also be added (see, for example, R. Voigt, Textbook of Pharmaceutical Technology, VCH-Verlag, Weinheim, pp. 178-185, 1987).
- the invention also encompasses a process for producing a solid preparation of a crop protection agent, which is characterized in that at least one active ingredient, at least one thermoplastic binder having a glass transition temperature above 70 ° C. and, if appropriate, customary additives are melted into a plastic mixture and the Pastillized melt by dividing the melt into drops in a first step and solidifying it in a second step by cooling.
- Suitable binders are those mentioned above, in particular polyvinylpyrrolidones and / or copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone.
- thermoplastic melt is advantageously divided into drops using a rotating screen roller, which are removed from the screen roller by a moving conveyor belt and then solidified.
- the invention particularly preferably comprises a method for producing a solid preparation of a crop protection agent, characterized in that the pastillation is carried out with the aid of a Rotoformers ® .
- Low-viscosity melts which are characterized in that they harden particularly quickly when they leave the extruder or are only slightly sticky, can alternatively be broken into drops by rotating knives and then completely cooled and hardened.
- the components can first be mixed and then melted and homogenized. However, especially when using sensitive active ingredients, it has proven to be preferred to first melt and premix the polymeric binder, if appropriate together with customary additives, the stirred kettles, agitators, solid-state mixers etc. optionally in the Be operated alternately, and then mix in the sensitive active ingredient (s) in "intensive mixers" in the plastic phase with very short residence times. Active ingredient (s), binders and any additives can be used in solid form, as a resin, as a solution or dispersion.
- the melting and mixing takes place in a device which is customary for this purpose.
- Extruders or heatable containers with stirrers e.g. Kneader.
- the speed in the kneader can be set temperature-controlled, i.e. you can work at low speed in the mixing stage and then increase the speed when melting.
- Devices which are used in plastics technology for mixing can also be used as a mixing apparatus. Suitable devices are described, for example, in "Mixing and Compounding of Polymers” edited by Ica Manas-Zloczower, Zehev Tadmor, Carl Hanser-Verlag, Kunststoff ISBN no. : 1 - 56990-156-2.
- Be ⁇ Sonders suitable mixing apparatuses are extruders and dynamic and static mixers, and stirred vessels, single-shaft stirrers with stripper mechanisms, especially so-called Pastenrrockwerke, multishaft stirrers, especially PDSM mixers, Feststoffmi- shear and preferably mixing kneader reactors (for example ORP, CRP, AP, DTB from List or Reactotherm ® from Krauss-Maffei or Ko-Kneter ® from Buss), double-bowl kneaders (trough mixers) and stamp kneaders (internal mixers) or rotor / stator systems (eg Dispax from IKA).
- kneader reactors for example ORP, CRP, AP, DTB from List or Reactotherm ® from Krauss-Maffei or Ko-Kneter ® from Buss
- double-bowl kneaders trough mixers
- the mixing device can be fed continuously or discontinuously in the usual way.
- Powdery components can be introduced in the free inlet, eg using a differential dosing scale.
- Plastic masses can be fed in directly from an extruder or fed in via a gear pump, which is particularly advantageous for high viscosities and high pressures.
- Liquid media can be metered in by a geeigne ⁇ tes pump unit.
- the mixing and / or melting can also take place in two or more discontinuously operating devices in parallel or alternately, in order to be able to operate the downstream shaping device continuously.
- the mixture obtained by mixing and melting the binder, the active ingredient and optionally the additive or additives is pasty to viscous (thermoplastic) and therefore also extrudable.
- the glass transition temperature of the Gemi It is below the decomposition temperature of all components contained in the mixture.
- the plastic mixture is first extruded into a continuous strand using, for example, a suitable extrusion tool.
- a suitable extrusion tool Any solvents and residual moisture that may be present can be drawn off during the extrusion by means of a vacuum pump.
- the extruder can contain mixing, kneading and return elements as required.
- the shape of the extrusion tool depends on the desired shape. For example, round hole tools or coextrusion tools, such as tools with an annular-gap-shaped exit cross section, are suitable. Coextrusion tools are used to produce at least two-layer, open or closed forms. One of the layers contains an active ingredient, the other layer can be free of active ingredient or optionally contain another active ingredient. Further information can be found in WO-A 97/15293.
- round-hole nozzles are preferably used, the plastic mixture being formed as a strand with a circular cross section and discharged into the rotoformer or into an analog apparatus suitable for the production of pastilles.
- the viscosity of the melt to be processed in the Rotoformer ® is usually between 20 and 20,000 mPas x sec, advantageously between 20 and 5,000 mPas x sec at the processing temperature of 100-200 ° C.
- the heat contained in the melt is, for example, by means of a cooling belt Direct cooling dissipated.
- the extrudate cooled in this way is generally tack-free and solid at room temperature.
- PVP and NVP copolymers have relatively high melting points and relatively high glass transition temperatures. These high-melting polymers surprisingly become so soft due to the high concentration of active ingredient that they can be broken down into drops as a low-viscosity melt, and after cooling they solidify to form homogeneous, storage-stable, non-adhesive moldings (lozenges).
- Another object of the invention is the use of one or more binders from the group of polyvinylpyrrolidones or copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone or a mixture of one or more polyvinylpyrrolidones with one or more copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone for the preparation of a solid preparation according to the invention Pesticide.
- the invention furthermore relates to the use of the solid preparation of a crop protection agent according to the invention for controlling phytopathogenic fungi, undesirable plant growth, insect or mite infestation and / or for regulating the growth of plants, the preparation of the crop protection agent in solid or dissolved form on plants, whose habitat or seeds can act.
- the process according to the invention is suitable, for example, for the processing of crop protection active compounds having a herbicidal, fungicidal, insecticidal, acaricidal and growth-regulating action.
- herbicides show possible active ingredients, but should not be limited to these.
- Amides such as allidochlor (CDAA), benzoylprop-ethyl, bromobutide,
- Aminophosphoric acids such as bilanafos, (bialaphos), buminafos, glufosinate-ammonium, glyphosate, sulfosate
- Aminotriazoles such as amitrole
- Anilides such as anilofos, mefenacet
- Aryloxyalkanoic acids such as 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, Clomeprop, Dichlorprop, Dichlorprop-P, Dichlorprop-P (2,4-DP-P), Fenoprop (2,4,5-TP), Fluoroxypyr, MCPA, MCPB, Mecoprop, Mecoprop-P, Napropamide, Napropanilide, Triclopyr Benzoic acids, such as chloramben, dicamba
- Bleachers such as Clomazone (Dimethazone), Diflufenican, Fluorochloridone, Flupoxam, Fluridone, Pyrazolate, Sulcotrione (Chloromesulone)
- Carbamates such as Asulam, Barban, Butylate, Carbetamid, Chlorbufam, Chlorpropham, Cycloate, Desmedipham, Diallate, EPTC, Esprocarb, Molinate, Orbencarb, Pebulate, Phenisopham, Phenmedipham, Propham, Prosulfocarb, Pyributicarb, Sulfallerbate (CDEC), Thiobencarb (Benthiocarb), Thiocarbazil, Triallate, Vernolate, Vernolate
- Chloroacetanilides such as acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, butenochlor, diethyl ethyl, dimethachlor, metazachlor, metolachlor, pretilachlor, propachlor, prynachlor, terbuchlor, thenylchlor, xylachlor
- Cyclohexenones such as alloxydim, caloxydim, clethodim, cloproxydim, cycloxydim, sethoxydim, tralkoxydim, 2- ⁇ 1- [2- (4-chlorophenoxy) copyloxyimino] butyl ⁇ '3-hydroxy-5- (2H-tetrahydrothiopyran-3- yl) - 2-cyclohexen-l-one
- Dinitroaniline such as benefin, butralin, dinitramine, ethalfluralin, fluchloralin, isopropalin, nitralin, oryzalin, pendimethalin, prodiamine, profluralin, trifluralin
- Dinitrophenols such as bromofenoxim, dinoseb, dinoseb acetate, dinoterb, DNOC
- Diphenyl ethers such as acifluorfen-sodium, aclonifen, bifenox, chloronitrofen (CNP), difenoxuron, ethoxyfen, fluorodifen, fluoroglyc-oven-ethyl, fomesafen, furyloxyfen, lactofen, nitrofen, nitrofluorfen, oxyfluorfen
- Dipyridylenes such as cyperquat, difenzoquat methyl sulfate, diquat, paraquat dichloride Ureas, such as benzthiazuron, buturon, chlorobromuron, chloroxuron, chlorotoluron, cumyluron, dibenzyluron, cycluron, dimefuron,
- Imidazoles such as isocarbamide
- Imidazolinones such as imazamethapyr, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethazenzomethyl (imazame), imazethapyr
- Oxadiazoles such as methazoles, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon
- Oxiranes such as tridiphanes
- Phenols such as bromoxynil, ioxynil
- Phenoxyphenoxypropionic acid esters such as clodinafop, cyhalofop-butyl, ciclofop-methyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, fenthia-propethyl, fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop-p-butyl, haloxyfop-ethoxy-ethyl, haloxyfop-methyl, haloxyfop-p -methyl, isoxapyrifop, propa- quizafop, quizalofop-ethyl, quizalofop-p-ethyl, quizalofop-tefuryl
- Phenylacetic acids such as chlorfenac (fenac)
- Phenylpropionic acids such as chlorophenprop-methyl
- Protoporphyrinogen-IX oxidase inhibitors such as benzofenap, cinidon-ethyl, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, flumipropyn, flupropacil, fluthiacet-methyl, pyrazoxyfen, sulfentrazone, thidiazimin pyrazoles, such as nipyraclofen
- Pyridazines such as chloridazon, maleic hydrazide, norflurazon, pyridates
- Pyridinecarboxylic acids such as clopyralide, dithiopyr, picloram, thiazo-pyr
- Pyrimidyl ethers such as pyrithiobacic acid, pyrithiobac-sodium, KIH-2023, KIH-6127
- Sulfonamides such as flumetsulam, metosulam Sulfonylureas, such as amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorosulfuron, cinosulfuron, cyclosulfuramuron, ethametsulfuron methyl, ethoxy ⁇ ulfuron, flazasulfuron, halosulfuron-methyl, imazosulfuron-methyl, prozetsulfuron-methyl, mets ethyl, rimsul-furon, sulfometuron-methyl, thifensulfuron-methyl, triasulfuron, tribenuron-methyl, triflusulfuron-methyl
- Triazines such as Ametryn, Atrazin, Aziprotryn, Cyanazine, Cyprazine, Desmetryn, Dimethamethryn, Dipropetryn, Eglinazin-ethyl, Hexazi-non, Procyazine, Prometon, Prometryn, Propazin, Secbumeton, Simazin, Simetryn, Terbumeton, Terbutryn, Trerbzinyn, Terbutrin, Terbutryn, Terbutryn
- Triazinones such as ethiozine, metamitron, metribuzin
- Triazole carboxamides such as triazofenamide
- Uracile such as Bromacil, Lenacil, Terbacil
- Triiodobezoicacid triapenthenol, triazethane, tribufos, trinexapacethyl, uniconazole.
- Sulfur, dithiocarbamates and their derivatives such as ferridimethyldithiocarbamate, zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, zinc ethylene bisdithiocarbamate, manganese ethylene bisdithiocarbamate, manganese-zinc-ethylenediamine-bis-dithiocarbamate, tetramethylthiurium -diamide-dithi-di-amide-dithi-di-carbamate ), ammonia- Kom plex ⁇ 'bisdithiocarbamate -propylene), zinc (N, N' of zinc (N, N -Pro- pylenbis dithiocarbamate), N, N '-polypropylene-bis (thio- carbamoyl) disulfide;
- Nitroderivatives such as dinitro- (1-methylheptyl) phenyl crotonate, 2-sec-butyl-4, 6-dinitrophenyl-3, 3-dimethylacrylate, 2-sec-butyl-4, 6-dinitrophenyl-isopropyl carbonate, 5-nitro -isophthalic acid - di-isopropyl ester;
- heterocyclic substances such as 2-heptadecyl-2-imidazoline acetate, 2, 4-dichloro-6- (o-chloroanilino) -s-triazine, 0, O-diethyl-phthalimidophosphonothioate, 5-amino-l- [bis - (dimethylamino) - phosphinyl] -3-phenyl-l, 2, 4-triazole, 2, 3-dicyano-l, 4-dithioanthraquinone, 2-thio-l, 3-dithiolo [4, 5-b] quinoxaline, l- (butyl-carbamoyl) -2-benzimidazole-carbamic acid methyl ester, 2-methoxycarbonylamino-benzimidazole, 2- (furyl- (2)) -benzimidazole, 2- (thiazolyl- (4)) -benzimidazole, N- (1, 1, 2, 2-tetrachloroe
- Anilinopyrimidines such as N- (4, 6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl) aniline, N- [4-methyl-6- (1-propynyl) pyrimidin-2-yl] aniline, N- [4-methyl- 6-cyclopropyl-pyrimidin-2-yl] aniline,
- Phenylpyrroles such as 4- (2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxol-4-yl) pyrrole-3-carbonitrile,
- Cinnamic acid amides such as 3- (4-chlorophenyl) -3- (3, 4-dimethoxyphenyl) acrylic morpholide,
- Strobilurins such as methyl-E-methoxyimino- [ ⁇ - (o-tolyloxy) -o-tolyl] acetate, methyl-E-2- ⁇ 2- [6- (2-cyanophenoxy) pyrimidin-4-yl - oxy] -phenyl ⁇ -3-methoxyacrylate, methyl-E-methoxyimino- [ ⁇ - (2-phen-oxyphenyl)] -acetamide, methyl-E-methoxyimino- [ ⁇ - (2, 5-dimethyl-phenoxy) -o -tolyl] -acetamide, From the class of the strobilurins are moreover more fungicidally ⁇ same compounds of formulas IA or IB Q a nucleus to name a nucleus containing T containing
- Q cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, phenyl, pyrrolyl, thienyl, furyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, pyridinyl, 2-pyridonyl, pyrimidinyl and triazinyl;
- T phenyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl and triazinyl.
- Y C- or -N-;
- R " is a C-organic radical, which directly or via an oxy, mercapto, amino, or alkylamino group is bound, for example, optionally substituted aryloxy, substi ⁇ tusammlungs hetaryloxy, substituted aryloxymethylene, substituted hetaryloxymethylene, substituted Arylethe- Nylen , substituted hetarylethenylene, inter alia, see WO 96/32015, pages 6 and 7, where aryloxy is, for example, a mono- to trinuclear aromatic ring system containing 6 to 14 carbon ring members, for example phenyl, naphthyl and anthracenyl, which has an oxygen atom (—0—) to the
- hetaryloxy for example a 5- or 6-membered heterocycle (heterocyclyl) contains, in addition to carbon ring members, one to three nitrogen atoms and / or one Oxygen or sulfur atom or one or two oxygen and / or sulfur atoms;
- Cyano nitro, hydroxy, amino, carboxyl, aminocarbonyl, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkenyloxy, haloalkenyloxy, alkynyl, haloalkynyl, alkynyloxy, haloalkynyloxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkylcarbonyl, Alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, alkylaminocarbonyl, dialkylaminocarbonyl, alkylcarbonylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino, alkylcarbonyl -N-alkylamino and alkylcarbonyl -N-alkylamino, the alkyl groups in these radicals preferably 1 to 6
- carbon atoms in particular 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and the alkenyl or alkynyl groups mentioned in these radicals contain 2 to 8, preferably 2 to 6, in particular 2 to 4, carbon atoms;
- an optionally substituted bicyclic, partially or completely unsaturated system which, in addition to carbon ring members, can contain one or more heteroatoms from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen;
- n 0, 1, 2 or 3, where the radicals X can be different if n is greater than 1;
- n 1, a C 3 -Cs alkylene, C -C 5 alkenylene, 0xy-C -C 4 alkylene, oxy-C ⁇ - bonded to two adjacent C atoms of the phenyl ring C 3 -alkylene-oxy-, oxy-C -C 4 -alkenylene-, oxy-C 2 -C 4 -alkenyleneoxy- or
- active ingredients IA or IB When providing the mixtures, preference is given to using the active ingredients IA or IB, to which, depending on the need, further active ingredients can be admixed against pests (e.g. insects, arachnids or nematodes) or harmful fungi or else herbicidal or growth-regulating active ingredients or fertilizers.
- pests e.g. insects, arachnids or nematodes
- harmful fungi e.g. insects, arachnids or nematodes
- herbicidal or growth-regulating active ingredients or fertilizers e.g. insects, arachnids or nematodes
- Botrytis cinerea (gray mold) on strawberries, vegetables, ornamental plants and grapevines ⁇
- Erysiphe graminis (powdery mildew) on cereals, Fusari um and Verticillium species on various plants, Helmin thospori um species on cereals, Mycosphaerella species on bananas,
- Rhizocfconia species on cotton, rice and lawn are Rhizocfconia species on cotton, rice and lawn,
- the application rates of the preferred compounds mentioned, when used to protect crop plants, are from 2 to 0.1 kg / ha, preferably 1.25 to 0.2 kg / ha, in particular 0.75 to 0, depending on the type of effect desired. 3 kg / ha.
- the application rates for the compounds IA and IB are 1 to 0.01 kg / ha, preferably 0.5 to 0.02 kg / ha, in particular 0.25 to 0.03 kg / ha.
- application rates of mixture of 0.1 to 100 g / 100 kg of seed, preferably 0.5 to 50 g / 100 kg of seed, in particular 1 to 10 g / 100 kg of seed, are generally used.
- the formulations in general contain 1 to 80, preferably ⁇ , 20 to 80, particularly preferably 50 to 80 wt .-% of one of the compounds IA or IB or the mixture of the compounds IA or IB.
- the active ingredients are placed in a purity of 90% to 100%, preferably 95% to 100% (according to NMR or HPLC i H-spectrum) a ⁇ .
- the compounds IA, IB or their mixtures or the corresponding formulations are used by mixing the harmful fungi, their habitat or the materials, plants, seeds, soils, areas or spaces to be protected against fungal attack with a fungicidally effective amount of the mixture or of compounds IA and IB treated separately.
- the treatment can take place before or after the infestation by the harmful fungi.
- the methods according to the invention allow the preparation of a solid preparation of a crop protection agent which is generally free of organic solvents. Due to the manufacturing process, the pastilles are very homogeneous in particle size, transparent, almost spherical and have a smooth, abrasion-free and non-sticky surface structure. door. The extrusion process and the pastillation process are dust-free, since the hardened extrudate does not have to be ground in order to achieve a uniform particle size and therefore no additional apparatus precautions are necessary to contain dusts containing active substances.
- the formulations according to the invention have the following advantages over formulations based on polyethylene glycol: they give abrasion-resistant, dimensionally stable and non-sticky pastils which can be dispersed quickly and finely in water.
- the active ingredient should be dispersed quickly and in fine particles so that the active ingredients are distributed as evenly as possible in the field.
- formulations according to the invention can also be used for scatter application.
- the process according to the invention has the advantage that, in particular, low-viscosity melts, which cause problems with the prior art known for extrusion, can be processed without problems using a pastillation process.
- the amounts of active ingredient, polymers and optionally additives (e.g. nonionic surfactants) specified in the examples were mixed or introduced separately into a co-rotating, tightly intermeshing twin-screw extruder ZSK 30 (Werner & Pfleiderer GmbH, Stuttgart) and extruded over 12 temperature zones.
- additives e.g. nonionic surfactants
- the speed of the screws can be varied in the range of 100-300 rpm, at temperatures between 20 and 100 ° C in the conveying zone (zone 1) and 100-180 ° C in the melting zones (zones 2 - 12).
- the throughput was 10-12 kg / h and the residence time was 1-2 min.
- the active ingredient, the polymer and the additives were fed, conveyed and melted on metering scales at the extruder inlet.
- Lutensol ® AT 25 (Ci ⁇ -Ci ⁇ fatty alcohol with 25 ethylene oxide units)
- BASF was optionally fed in liquid and incorporated with mixing and kneading elements. It was also possible to degas in several extruder zones.
- the melt emerging at the end of the extruder through a nozzle was introduced into the rotoforming roll by means of a gear pump.
- the resulting pastilles have a diameter of approximately 1-2 mm.
- the throughput is 10-12 kg / h.
- the temperature of the roller was kept at 140-180 ° C, the belt temperature was adjusted to 20 ° C by water cooling and the belt speed was 30 m / min.
- compositions A - D were produced as described in the general procedure.
- the formulations contained kresoxim-methyl (IUPAC name: methyl methoxy-imino- ⁇ - (o-tolyloxy) -o-tolylacetate) as the active ingredient, Luviskol ® K 30, Luviskol ® VA 64 and Lutensol ® AT 25 as additives.
- the densities of the lozenges were determined using a pycnometer with the solvent pentane.
- the bulk densities were determined in the standing cylinder.
- the dispersibility was determined as follows:
- Formulations E and F contain the binder polyethylene glycol PEG 8000.
- the pastilles recreated according to WO 93/25074 are cloudy powder agglomerates which contain the active ingredient in crystalline form.
- the pastilles from formulation E are also sticky at room temperature, i.e. they cake and are not free-flowing.
- Formulations A - D contain polyvinylpyrrolidone as a binder and result in transparent, hard, non-tacky and dimensionally stable spherical pastilles with a smooth surface.
- the active ingredient content of the respective lozenges was checked by HPLC.
- the active ingredient is molecularly dispersed and can be dispersed quickly and finely in water.
- the sieve residues in formulations A - D are negligible after stirring for 10 minutes (0-8%), while the lozenges of formulations E and F disperse very slowly and have a high coarse fraction (47-61%).
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU10314/99A AU749945B2 (en) | 1997-10-29 | 1998-10-21 | Solid formulation of a plant protection agent |
CA002307836A CA2307836A1 (en) | 1997-10-29 | 1998-10-21 | Solid formulation of a plant protection agent |
EP98952729A EP1026946A1 (en) | 1997-10-29 | 1998-10-21 | Solid formulation of a plant protection agent |
IL13566498A IL135664A0 (en) | 1997-10-29 | 1998-10-21 | Solid formulation of a plant protection agent |
JP2000517596A JP2001520977A (en) | 1997-10-29 | 1998-10-21 | Solid preparation of plant protection agent for cultivation |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19747787.9 | 1997-10-29 | ||
DE19747787 | 1997-10-29 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999021419A1 true WO1999021419A1 (en) | 1999-05-06 |
Family
ID=7846995
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1998/006682 WO1999021419A1 (en) | 1997-10-29 | 1998-10-21 | Solid formulation of a plant protection agent |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1026946A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2001520977A (en) |
AR (1) | AR013991A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU749945B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2307836A1 (en) |
IL (1) | IL135664A0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999021419A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002021913A2 (en) * | 2000-09-15 | 2002-03-21 | Monsanto Technology, Llc | Controlled release formulations and methods for their production and use |
WO2002074080A2 (en) * | 2001-03-15 | 2002-09-26 | Syngenta Limited | Process for preparing a solid formulation of an agrochenical |
WO2005044006A1 (en) * | 2003-11-05 | 2005-05-19 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Quick dissolving agrochemical products |
WO2006027125A1 (en) * | 2004-09-09 | 2006-03-16 | Bayer Healthcare Ag | Pharmaceutical composition in the form of a water soluble solid dosage form |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4279579A (en) * | 1978-12-08 | 1981-07-21 | Sandvik Conveyor Gmbh | Extrusion apparatus |
DE3247918A1 (en) * | 1982-12-24 | 1984-06-28 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Fertiliser sticks comprising plant nutrients and poly-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone-containing copolymers |
EP0358107A2 (en) * | 1988-09-07 | 1990-03-14 | BASF Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the preparation of pharmaceutical tablets |
WO1993025074A1 (en) * | 1992-06-16 | 1993-12-23 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Water-dispersible granular agricultural compositions |
WO1994008455A1 (en) * | 1992-10-08 | 1994-04-28 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Solid crop protection formulation |
EP0596203A1 (en) * | 1992-08-13 | 1994-05-11 | BASF Aktiengesellschaft | Preparations in solid particle form containing active and water-soluble polymers |
US5645847A (en) * | 1986-11-24 | 1997-07-08 | American Cyanamid Co | Safened pesticidal resin composition for controlling soil pests and process for the preparation thereof |
WO1997046094A1 (en) * | 1996-06-04 | 1997-12-11 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Shaped bodies which release agrochemical active substances |
-
1998
- 1998-10-21 CA CA002307836A patent/CA2307836A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-10-21 EP EP98952729A patent/EP1026946A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-10-21 IL IL13566498A patent/IL135664A0/en unknown
- 1998-10-21 JP JP2000517596A patent/JP2001520977A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-10-21 WO PCT/EP1998/006682 patent/WO1999021419A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-10-21 AU AU10314/99A patent/AU749945B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-10-29 AR ARP980105438A patent/AR013991A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4279579A (en) * | 1978-12-08 | 1981-07-21 | Sandvik Conveyor Gmbh | Extrusion apparatus |
DE3247918A1 (en) * | 1982-12-24 | 1984-06-28 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Fertiliser sticks comprising plant nutrients and poly-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone-containing copolymers |
US5645847A (en) * | 1986-11-24 | 1997-07-08 | American Cyanamid Co | Safened pesticidal resin composition for controlling soil pests and process for the preparation thereof |
EP0358107A2 (en) * | 1988-09-07 | 1990-03-14 | BASF Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the preparation of pharmaceutical tablets |
WO1993025074A1 (en) * | 1992-06-16 | 1993-12-23 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Water-dispersible granular agricultural compositions |
EP0596203A1 (en) * | 1992-08-13 | 1994-05-11 | BASF Aktiengesellschaft | Preparations in solid particle form containing active and water-soluble polymers |
WO1994008455A1 (en) * | 1992-10-08 | 1994-04-28 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Solid crop protection formulation |
WO1997046094A1 (en) * | 1996-06-04 | 1997-12-11 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Shaped bodies which release agrochemical active substances |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002021913A2 (en) * | 2000-09-15 | 2002-03-21 | Monsanto Technology, Llc | Controlled release formulations and methods for their production and use |
WO2002021913A3 (en) * | 2000-09-15 | 2002-09-26 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Controlled release formulations and methods for their production and use |
US6858634B2 (en) | 2000-09-15 | 2005-02-22 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Controlled release formulations and methods for their production and use |
WO2002074080A2 (en) * | 2001-03-15 | 2002-09-26 | Syngenta Limited | Process for preparing a solid formulation of an agrochenical |
WO2002074080A3 (en) * | 2001-03-15 | 2002-11-07 | Syngenta Ltd | Process for preparing a solid formulation of an agrochenical |
US7015177B2 (en) | 2001-03-15 | 2006-03-21 | Syngenta Limited | Solid formulation |
WO2005044006A1 (en) * | 2003-11-05 | 2005-05-19 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Quick dissolving agrochemical products |
WO2006027125A1 (en) * | 2004-09-09 | 2006-03-16 | Bayer Healthcare Ag | Pharmaceutical composition in the form of a water soluble solid dosage form |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1026946A1 (en) | 2000-08-16 |
AU749945B2 (en) | 2002-07-04 |
CA2307836A1 (en) | 1999-05-06 |
AR013991A1 (en) | 2001-01-31 |
JP2001520977A (en) | 2001-11-06 |
AU1031499A (en) | 1999-05-17 |
IL135664A0 (en) | 2001-05-20 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP1681932B1 (en) | Herbicidally active agent | |
EP1319336B1 (en) | Method of preparation of solvent-free suspensions | |
EP1501355B1 (en) | Use of defined alcohol alkoxylates as adjuvants in the agrotechnical field | |
EP1083790B1 (en) | Retarding formulations of active substances used for plant protection | |
ES2640723T3 (en) | Resin compositions containing a pesticide with controlled dissolution, process for its production and pesticide preparations | |
EP1102533B1 (en) | Soil granulates with controlled active ingredient release (cr soil granulates) | |
EP2373157B1 (en) | Dispersions containing hydroxyphenylpyruvate-dioxygenase inhibitors | |
EP0932339B1 (en) | Solid phytosanitary agent | |
DE19701123B4 (en) | Use of a mixture for the production of pesticidal pesticides | |
EP1432308B1 (en) | Biodegradable solid preparation of a phytopathological agent with delayed active-substance release | |
EP1432685A1 (en) | Crystalline hydrates of nicotinic acid anilide and benzoyl anilide derivatives | |
EP1608220B2 (en) | Pesticides formulations | |
EP1026946A1 (en) | Solid formulation of a plant protection agent | |
JPH08502077A (en) | Solid crop protection compound | |
EP1399492B1 (en) | Use of water-soluble or water-dispersible, polyether block containing graft polymers as coating agents, matrix formers and/or packaging materials for agrochemicals | |
WO2000028816A1 (en) | Plant protection agents in tablet form | |
DE69422614T2 (en) | SOLID PLANT PROTECTION FORMULATION | |
DE2204840C3 (en) | Composition containing agricultural chemicals and polyolefin polymers | |
DE19641939A1 (en) | Formulation to protect plants against fungal disease and animal pests | |
DE10351234A1 (en) | Herbicidal composition useful for selective weed control in crops comprises a sulfonylurea herbicide and a safener | |
DE19642879A1 (en) | Solid plant protecting agent which exhibits rapid dissolution in, e.g., water | |
DE10355846A1 (en) | Herbicidal composition useful for selective weed control in crops comprises a sulfonylurea herbicide and a safener |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 135664 Country of ref document: IL |
|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AU BG BR BY CA CN CZ GE HU ID IL JP KR KZ LT LV MK MX NO NZ PL RO RU SG SI SK TR UA US |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE |
|
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1998952729 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2307836 Country of ref document: CA Ref country code: CA Ref document number: 2307836 Kind code of ref document: A Format of ref document f/p: F |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 09530374 Country of ref document: US Ref document number: 10314/99 Country of ref document: AU |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: KR |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1998952729 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Ref document number: 1998952729 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWG | Wipo information: grant in national office |
Ref document number: 10314/99 Country of ref document: AU |