WO1999019888A1 - Electrical conductor with resistance dependent on elongation - Google Patents

Electrical conductor with resistance dependent on elongation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999019888A1
WO1999019888A1 PCT/EP1998/005099 EP9805099W WO9919888A1 WO 1999019888 A1 WO1999019888 A1 WO 1999019888A1 EP 9805099 W EP9805099 W EP 9805099W WO 9919888 A1 WO9919888 A1 WO 9919888A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
conductor
electrical conductor
outer layer
insulating outer
conductor track
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1998/005099
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Andreas Hilburg
Original Assignee
Innocept Medizintechnik Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Innocept Medizintechnik Gmbh filed Critical Innocept Medizintechnik Gmbh
Priority to AU93415/98A priority Critical patent/AU9341598A/en
Publication of WO1999019888A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999019888A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/08—Flat or ribbon cables
    • H01B7/0823—Parallel wires, incorporated in a flat insulating profile
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B29C48/0013—Extrusion moulding in several steps, i.e. components merging outside the die
    • B29C48/0015—Extrusion moulding in several steps, i.e. components merging outside the die producing hollow articles having components brought in contact outside the extrusion die
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/12—Articles with an irregular circumference when viewed in cross-section, e.g. window profiles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/16—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
    • B29C48/18—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers
    • B29C48/21—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers the layers being joined at their surfaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
    • H01B1/24—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/06—Insulating conductors or cables
    • H01B13/14—Insulating conductors or cables by extrusion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/0009—Details relating to the conductive cores
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/06—Rod-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0003—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B29K2995/0005—Conductive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0003—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B29K2995/0007—Insulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/34—Electrical apparatus, e.g. sparking plugs or parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3462—Cables

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical conductor with a conductor track consisting of a silicone elastomer with carbon or graphite particles as electrically conductive additives, and a manufacturing method for such an electrical conductor.
  • plastics electrically conductive by admixing electrically conductive additives, for example powdery or fibrous graphite particles.
  • DE 42 26 841 A1 discloses a crosslinking organopolysiloxane composition for the production of electrically conductive elastomers which, on the one hand, crosslinked organopolysiloxane composition (silicone) to non-conductive elastomer and, on the other hand, a certain proportion (11 to 30% by weight) of carbon fibers with an average length of 0 , Contains 1 to 10 mm. Further carbon- or graphite-containing organopolysiloxane compositions are described in US-A 4,279,783. These materials are used in particular for the electrically conductive sheathing of glass fiber cords to form ignition voltage cables.
  • the object of the invention is to create an elastic and flexible conductor consisting of a silicone elastomer, which also has sensory properties, and to create a method for its production.
  • This object is achieved with respect to the electrical conductor in that the conductor is covered with an insulating outer layer made of a silicone elastomer and that it has a variable electrical resistance when the conductor is stretched.
  • a silicone elastomer is used both for the insulating outer layer and for the electrically conductive conductor track.
  • the conductor becomes elastically stretchable.
  • the silicone elastomer is formed from a known organopolysiloxane composition which cross-links to form an elastomer and has a uniform elasticity essentially over the entire cross-sectional area of the conductor.
  • the conductor thus forms an elongated, elastically stretchable element with a predetermined thickness and with a material-dependent, elastic spring constant.
  • the electrical conductor with a conductor track made of carbon-containing or graphite-containing silicone elastomer has a variable electrical resistance when the conductor is stretched.
  • Such an electrical conductor can be used for strain measurement. Due to its expansion resistance defined by the spring constant, the expansion force can also be determined from the measured expansion.
  • a silicone elastomer with extremely fine, powdery graphite or carbon material particles is suitable for the formation of the electrical conductor with strain-dependent resistance.
  • the conductivity and thus the resistance and the characteristic of the change in resistance change depending on the elongation of the conductor track.
  • a conductor optimally suitable for strain measurement purposes with a resistance that changes almost proportionally to the elongation of the conductor can be used using a silicone elastomer Elastosil (registered trademark) sold by Wacker-Chemie GmbH, Kunststoff with one of the following type designations R573 / 50A , R573 / 50B or R4000-50.
  • these are polydimethylsiloxane with graphite particle additives.
  • Round conductor tracks with a diameter of 1 to 4 mm made of this material have a resistance that increases almost linearly with the elongation.
  • the total resistance would have to increase disproportionately in the case of an elongation, which probably results in elongation as well as a reduction in cross-section, since both the elongation and the reduction of the cross-sectional area increase Increase in resistance.
  • the linear changes in resistance due to elongation observed in the silicone elastomers tested appear to be due to the molecular guiding mechanisms within a soot-filled silicone elastomer.
  • the insulating outer layer of a silicone elastomer free of electrically conductive additives is preferably applied to the conductor track in the extrusion process.
  • the electrical conductor can comprise at least two mutually parallel electrical conductor tracks, each with an insulating outer layer, the insulating outer layers being connected to one another via webs arranged at a distance from one another and having different diameters.
  • a coextrusion process is suitable as the production method for the electrical conductor according to the invention, in which the silicone elastomer with conductive additives is passed through an inner nozzle and the silicone elastomer without conductive additives through an outer nozzle.
  • Either both elastomer bodies can be crosslinked at the same time or one after the other, whereby the electrically conductive conductor track is first crosslinked (polymerized) and wound onto a spool and then fed to the inner nozzle of the extrusion head, where it is coated with uncrosslinked silicone elastomer, which is then crosslinked.
  • a wide variety of conductor shapes can be produced by varying the nozzle geometry. For example, several conductor tracks can be surrounded next to one another by a common insulating outer layer, so that a band-shaped conductor assembly is created.
  • the insulated elastomer conductor according to the invention can be used in various areas for measuring strain. It can be arranged parallel to a spring body, a measurement of the elongation of the electrical conductor by determining its resistance making it possible to determine the spring length and thus the spring force. Since the electrical conductor itself has spring-elastic material properties, it can advantageously be used simultaneously as a spring element and as a sensor element.
  • FIG. 1 shows the cross section of a round elastomeric conductor
  • FIG. 2 shows the side view of an extrusion die arrangement for producing a conductor according to FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross section through a multiple conductor according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows the top view of the multiple conductor from FIG . 3,
  • FIG. 6 shows the representation of the conductor from FIG. 5 cut along the section line VI-VI in FIG. 5.
  • a circular electrical conductor which consists entirely of silicone elastomer (crosslinked organopolysiloxane mass). Its insulating outer layer 1 is not electrically conductive. Graphite particles are added to the elastomeric conductor track 2.
  • the electrical conductor is formed by a continuous plastic body, which is produced in the coextrusion process.
  • FIG. 2 The manufacturing process of the electrical conductor is shown in FIG. 2.
  • a stream of an uncrosslinked organopolysiloxane mass is fed from an auger press to an outer nozzle 4 without electrically conductive additives.
  • the outer nozzle 4 is of rotationally symmetrical design and surrounds an inner nozzle 5.
  • the outlet cross section 6 of the outer nozzle 4 is ring-shaped and surrounds the circular outlet cross section 7 of the inner nozzle 5.
  • the inner nozzle 5 is fixed in the outer nozzle 4 via connecting struts 8.
  • a non-crosslinked organopolysiloxane composition 9 with electrically conductive particles of graphite is also fed to the inner nozzle 5 by a screw press.
  • the emerging electrically conductive plastic forms the conductor track 2 at the outlet cross section 7 of the inner nozzle 5.
  • the plastic emerging from the outlet cross section 6 of the outer nozzle 4 forms the insulating outer layer 1.
  • an already polymerized (crosslinked) silicone elastomer conductor track can be fed to the inner nozzle 5.
  • This can offer advantages in terms of production technology, since the graphite-containing organopolysiloxane composition has only a limited shelf life (about 3 months) in the uncrosslinked state, but can be lasered indefinitely in the crosslinked state.
  • the contours of the outlet cross sections of the outer nozzle 4 and the inner nozzle 5 can be varied in order to implement different conductor shapes.
  • Figures 3 and 4 show, for example, a co-extruded multiple conductor. This multiple conductor comprises 5 conductor tracks 2 ', which are surrounded by an insulating outer layer 1', which forms a coherent flat conductor.
  • the outer nozzle for producing this multiple conductor has a contour which essentially corresponds to the surface profile of the insulating outer layer 1 ′ which can be seen in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 4 and 5 show an alternative embodiment of the electrical conductor.
  • two electrical conductors which essentially correspond to the conductor shown in FIG. 1, are connected to one another via flat connecting webs 10.
  • Each conductor comprises an insulating outer layer 1 and a conductor track 2.
  • both conductors have different diameters and thus generate different resistance forces against elastic expansion. This double conductor is used in medical technology to absorb different amounts and forces of expansion.
  • the outer nozzle essentially has the outer contour of the insulating outer layer 1 with the connecting web 10. The interruptions between the individual connecting webs can be punched out of the web material after the conductor has been coextruded.
  • connecting webs 10 can be subsequently attached, in particular glued, to two individual conductors.

Abstract

The invention concerns an electrical conductor comprising a strip conductor made of a silicon elastomer including carbon or graphite particles as electroconductive additives. The invention aims at producing an elastic and flexible conductor, made of a silicon elastomer, which also has sensing properties. The invention is characterised in that the electrical conductor is enclosed with an outer insulating coating consisting of a silicon elastomer and it has an electrical resistance which varies when it is elongated. It is, therefore, possible to determine said elongation by measuring said conductor electrical resistance when it has been elongated.

Description

ELEKTRISCHER LEITER MIT DEHNUNGSABHANGIGEM WIDERSTAND ELECTRIC LADDER WITH ELASTIC RESISTANCE
Die Erfindung betrifft einen elektrischen Leiter mit einer Leiterbahn bestehend aus einem ein Silicon-Elastomer mit Kohlenstoff- oder Graphitpartikeln als elektrisch leitenden Zusatzstoffen, sowie ein Herstellungsverfahren für einen derartigen elektrischen Leiter.The invention relates to an electrical conductor with a conductor track consisting of a silicone elastomer with carbon or graphite particles as electrically conductive additives, and a manufacturing method for such an electrical conductor.
Es ist bekannt, Kunststoffe elektrisch leitend zu machen, indem elektrisch leitende Zusätze, beispielsweise pulverförmige oder faserförmige Graphitpartikel, beigemischt werden.It is known to make plastics electrically conductive by admixing electrically conductive additives, for example powdery or fibrous graphite particles.
Die DE 42 26 841 AI offenbart eine vernetzende Organopolysiloxanzusammen- setzung zur Herstellung elektrisch leitfähiger Elastomere, welche einerseits zu nicht leitfähigem Elastomer additionsvernetzende Organopolysiloxanmasse (Silicone) und andererseits einen bestimmten Anteil (11 bis 30 Gew.-%) Kohlefasern mit einer durchschnittlichen Länge von 0,1 bis 10 mm enthält. Weitere kohlenstoff- oder graphithaltige Organopolysiloxanzusammensetzung sind in der US-A 4,279,783 beschrieben. Diese Werkstoffe werden insbesondere zur elektrisch leitenden Ummantelung von Glasfaserschnüren zur Ausbildung von Zündspannungskabeln verwendet.DE 42 26 841 A1 discloses a crosslinking organopolysiloxane composition for the production of electrically conductive elastomers which, on the one hand, crosslinked organopolysiloxane composition (silicone) to non-conductive elastomer and, on the other hand, a certain proportion (11 to 30% by weight) of carbon fibers with an average length of 0 , Contains 1 to 10 mm. Further carbon- or graphite-containing organopolysiloxane compositions are described in US-A 4,279,783. These materials are used in particular for the electrically conductive sheathing of glass fiber cords to form ignition voltage cables.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen aus einem Silicon-Elastomer bestehenden elastischen und flexiblen Leiter zu schaffen, der auch sensorische Eigenschaften aufweist, sowie ein Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung zu schaffen.The object of the invention is to create an elastic and flexible conductor consisting of a silicone elastomer, which also has sensory properties, and to create a method for its production.
Diese Aufgabe wird in bezug auf den elektrischen Leiter dadurch gelöst, daß der Leiter mit einer isolierenden Außenschicht aus einem Silicon-Elastomer ummantelt ist und daß er einen bei einer Dehnung des Leiters variablen elektrischen Widerstand aufweist.This object is achieved with respect to the electrical conductor in that the conductor is covered with an insulating outer layer made of a silicone elastomer and that it has a variable electrical resistance when the conductor is stretched.
Zur Herstellung des elektrischen Leiters wird ein Silicon-Elastomer sowohl für die isolierende Außenschicht als auch für die elektrisch leitende Leiterbahn verwandt. Auf diese Weise wird der Leiter elastisch dehnbar. Das Silicon-Elastomer wird aus einer bekannten, zu einem Elastomer vernetzenden Organopolysiloxanmasse gebildet und weist im wesentlichen über die gesamten Querschnittsfläche des Leiters eine gleichmäßige Elastizität auf. Der Leiter bildet so ein längliches elastisch dehnbares Element mit vorgegebener Dicke und mit materialabhängiger, elastischer Federkonstante.To produce the electrical conductor, a silicone elastomer is used both for the insulating outer layer and for the electrically conductive conductor track. In this way, the conductor becomes elastically stretchable. The silicone elastomer is formed from a known organopolysiloxane composition which cross-links to form an elastomer and has a uniform elasticity essentially over the entire cross-sectional area of the conductor. The conductor thus forms an elongated, elastically stretchable element with a predetermined thickness and with a material-dependent, elastic spring constant.
Der elektrische Leiter mit einer Leiterbahn aus kohlenstoffhaltigem oder graphithaltigem Silicon-Elastomer weist einen bei einer Dehnung des Leiters variablen elektrischen Widerstand auf. Ein derartiger elektrischer Leiter kann zur Dehnungs- messung verwandt werden. Aufgrund seines durch die Federkonstante definierten Dehnwiderstandes läßt sich aus der gemessenen Dehnung auch die Dehnkraft ermitteln.The electrical conductor with a conductor track made of carbon-containing or graphite-containing silicone elastomer has a variable electrical resistance when the conductor is stretched. Such an electrical conductor can be used for strain measurement. Due to its expansion resistance defined by the spring constant, the expansion force can also be determined from the measured expansion.
Nach den zur Zeit vorliegenden Erkenntnissen eignet sich nur ein Silicon-Elastomer mit hochfeinen, pulverförmigen Graphit- oder Kolenstoffpartikeln zur Bildung des elektrischen Leiters mit dehnungsabhängigem Widerstand. Je nach prozentualem Anteil der Partikel am Gesamtgewicht der Leiterbahn ändert sich die Leitfähigkeit und damit der Widerstand sowie die Charakteristik der Widerstandsänderung in Abhängigkeit von der Dehnung der Leiterbahn. Ein optimal für Dehnungsmeß- zwecke geeigneter Leiter mit einem sich nahezu proportional zur Längung des Leiters ändernden Widerstand läßt sich unter Verwendung eines von der Firma Wacker-Chemie GmbH, München vertriebenen Silicon-Elastomer Elastosil (eingetragene Marke) mit einer der folgenden Typenbezeichnungen R573/50A, R573/50B oder R4000-50 herstellen. Nach den Herstellerangaben handelt es sich hier um Polydimethylsiloxan mit Graphitpartikelzusätzen. Runde Leiterbahnen mit einem Durchmesser von 1 bis 4 mm aus diesem Werkstoff haben einen nahezu linear mit der Dehnung steigenden Widerstand. Ginge man von einem bei Dehnung unveränderlichen spezifischen Widerstand des Silicon-Elastomers aus, müßte sich der Gesamtwiderstand bei einer Dehnung, die so wohl eine Längung als auch eine Querschnittsreduktion zur Folge hat, überproportional steigern, da sowohl die Längung als auch die Reduktion der Querschnittsfläche zum Anstieg des Widerstandes führen würde. Die bei den überprüften Silicon-Elastomeren beobachteten linearen Widerstandsänderungen durch Dehnung scheinen auf die molekulare Leitmechanismen innerhalb eines rußgefüllten Silicon-Elastomer zurückzuführen zu sein. Vorzugsweise wird die isolierende Außenschicht aus einem von elektrisch leitenden Zusatzstoffen freien Silicon-Elastomer im Extrusionsverfahren auf die Leiterbahn aufgetragen.According to the knowledge available at the moment, only a silicone elastomer with extremely fine, powdery graphite or carbon material particles is suitable for the formation of the electrical conductor with strain-dependent resistance. Depending on the percentage of particles in the total weight of the conductor track, the conductivity and thus the resistance and the characteristic of the change in resistance change depending on the elongation of the conductor track. A conductor optimally suitable for strain measurement purposes with a resistance that changes almost proportionally to the elongation of the conductor can be used using a silicone elastomer Elastosil (registered trademark) sold by Wacker-Chemie GmbH, Munich with one of the following type designations R573 / 50A , R573 / 50B or R4000-50. According to the manufacturer's instructions, these are polydimethylsiloxane with graphite particle additives. Round conductor tracks with a diameter of 1 to 4 mm made of this material have a resistance that increases almost linearly with the elongation. Assuming a specific resistance of the silicone elastomer that is invariable for elongation, the total resistance would have to increase disproportionately in the case of an elongation, which probably results in elongation as well as a reduction in cross-section, since both the elongation and the reduction of the cross-sectional area increase Increase in resistance. The linear changes in resistance due to elongation observed in the silicone elastomers tested appear to be due to the molecular guiding mechanisms within a soot-filled silicone elastomer. The insulating outer layer of a silicone elastomer free of electrically conductive additives is preferably applied to the conductor track in the extrusion process.
Weiterhin kann der elektrische Leiter mindestens zwei zueinander parallele elektrische Leiterbahnen mit jeweils einer isolierenden Außenschicht umfassen, wobei die isolierenden Außenschichten über im Abstand zueinander angeordnete Stege miteinander verbunden sind und unterschiedliche Durchmesser aufweisen.Furthermore, the electrical conductor can comprise at least two mutually parallel electrical conductor tracks, each with an insulating outer layer, the insulating outer layers being connected to one another via webs arranged at a distance from one another and having different diameters.
Als Herstellungsverfahren für den erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Leiter bietet sich ein Coextrusionsverfahren an, bei dem das Silicon-Elastomer mit leitenden Zusätzen durch eine Innendüse und das Silicon-Elastomer ohne leitende Zusätzen durch eine Außendüse geführt wird. Entweder können beide Elastomer-Körper gleichzeitig vernetzen oder hintereinander, wobei zunächst die elektrisch leitende Leiterbahn vernetzt (polymerisiert) und auf eine Spule aufgewickelt wird und anschließend der Innendüse der Extrusionskopfes zugeführt und dort mit unvernetztem Silicon- Elastomer ummantelt wird, welches anschließend vernetzt.A coextrusion process is suitable as the production method for the electrical conductor according to the invention, in which the silicone elastomer with conductive additives is passed through an inner nozzle and the silicone elastomer without conductive additives through an outer nozzle. Either both elastomer bodies can be crosslinked at the same time or one after the other, whereby the electrically conductive conductor track is first crosslinked (polymerized) and wound onto a spool and then fed to the inner nozzle of the extrusion head, where it is coated with uncrosslinked silicone elastomer, which is then crosslinked.
Durch eine Variation der Düsengeometrie können unterschiedlichste Leiterformen hergestellt werden. Beispielsweise können mehrere Leiterbahnen nebeneinander von einer gemeinsamen isolierenden Außenschicht umgeben sein, so daß ein bandförmiger Leiterverbund entsteht.A wide variety of conductor shapes can be produced by varying the nozzle geometry. For example, several conductor tracks can be surrounded next to one another by a common insulating outer layer, so that a band-shaped conductor assembly is created.
Der erfindungsgemäße isolierte Elastomer-Leiter kann in vielfältigen Bereichen zur Dehnungsmessung eingesetzt werden. Er kann parallel zu einem Federkörper angeordnet werden, wobei eine Messung der Dehnung des elektrischen Leiters durch Ermittlung seines Widerstandes eine Ermittlung der Federlänge und damit der Federkraft ermöglicht. Da der elektrische Leiter selbst federelastische Materialeigenschaften hat, kann er vorteilhaft gleichzeitig als Federelement und als Sensor- element verwendet werden. Wenn eine große Federkraft erforderlich ist und ein Federkörper aus einem Silicon-Elastomer mit großem Durchmesser erforderlich ist, kann es ausreichend sein, nur einen kleinen mittleren Bereich des Federkörpers mit elektrisch leitenden Graphitzusätzen zu versehen und den überwiegenden Teil der Querschnittsfläche des Leiters im äußeren Ringbereich ohne elektrisch leitende Zusätze aus vernetztem Organopolysiloxan zu bilden. Weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der folgenden Zeichnungsbeschreibung. Die Zeichnungen zeigen in:The insulated elastomer conductor according to the invention can be used in various areas for measuring strain. It can be arranged parallel to a spring body, a measurement of the elongation of the electrical conductor by determining its resistance making it possible to determine the spring length and thus the spring force. Since the electrical conductor itself has spring-elastic material properties, it can advantageously be used simultaneously as a spring element and as a sensor element. If a large spring force is required and a spring body made of a silicone elastomer with a large diameter is required, it may be sufficient to provide only a small central area of the spring body with electrically conductive graphite additives and without the majority of the cross-sectional area of the conductor in the outer ring area to form electrically conductive additives from crosslinked organopolysiloxane. Further details of the invention emerge from the following description of the drawings. The drawings show in:
Fig. 1 den Querschnitt eines runden elastomeren Leiters, Fig. 2 die Seitenansicht einer Extrusionsdüsen- Anordnung zur Herstellung eines Leiters gemäß Fig. 1 , Fig. 3 einen Querschnitt durch einen Mehrfachleiter gemäß der Erfindung, Fig. 4 die Draufsicht auf den Mehrfachleiter aus Fig. 3,1 shows the cross section of a round elastomeric conductor, FIG. 2 shows the side view of an extrusion die arrangement for producing a conductor according to FIG. 1, FIG. 3 shows a cross section through a multiple conductor according to the invention, FIG. 4 shows the top view of the multiple conductor from FIG . 3,
Fig. 5 die Draufsicht auf einen zweifachen elektrischen Leiter zur Dehnungsmes- sung und5 shows the top view of a double electrical conductor for strain measurement and
Fig. 6 die gemäß der Schnittlinie VI- VI in Fig. 5 geschnittene Darstellung des Leiters aus Fig. 5.6 shows the representation of the conductor from FIG. 5 cut along the section line VI-VI in FIG. 5.
In Fig. 1 ist ein kreisförmiger elektrischer Leiter dargestellt, der vollständig aus Silicon-Elastomer (vernetzter Organopolysiloxanmasse) besteht. Seine isolierende Außenschicht 1 ist elektrisch nicht leitend. Der elastomeren Leiterbahn 2 sind Graphitpartikel beigemischt. Der elektrische Leiter wird von einem kontinuierlichen Kunststoffkörper gebildet, der im Coextrusionsverfahren hergestellt ist.In Fig. 1, a circular electrical conductor is shown, which consists entirely of silicone elastomer (crosslinked organopolysiloxane mass). Its insulating outer layer 1 is not electrically conductive. Graphite particles are added to the elastomeric conductor track 2. The electrical conductor is formed by a continuous plastic body, which is produced in the coextrusion process.
Das Herstellungsverfahrens des elektrischen Leiters ist in der Fig. 2 dargestellt. Von einer Schneckenpresse wird ein durch die Pfeile 3 gekennzeichneter Strom einer unvernetzten Organopolysiloxanmasse ohne elektrisch leitende Zusätze einer Außendüse 4 zugeführt. Die Außendüse 4 ist rotationssymmetrisch aufgebaut und umschließt eine Innendüse 5. Der Austrittsquerschnitt 6 der Außendüse 4 ist ringförmig und umschließt den kreisförmigen Austrittsquerschnitt 7 der Innendüse 5. Die Innendüse 5 ist in der Außendüse 4 über Verbindungsstreben 8 fixiert. Der Innendüse 5 wird ebenfalls von einer Schneckenpresse eine unvernetzte Organopolysiloxanmasse 9 mit elektrisch leitenden Partikeln aus Graphit zugeführt. Am Austrittsquerschnitt 7 der Innendüse 5 formt der austretende elektrisch leitende Kunststoff die Leiterbahn 2. Der aus dem Austrittsquerschnitt 6 der Außendüse 4 austretende Kunststoff formt die isolierende Außenschicht 1.The manufacturing process of the electrical conductor is shown in FIG. 2. A stream of an uncrosslinked organopolysiloxane mass, indicated by the arrows 3, is fed from an auger press to an outer nozzle 4 without electrically conductive additives. The outer nozzle 4 is of rotationally symmetrical design and surrounds an inner nozzle 5. The outlet cross section 6 of the outer nozzle 4 is ring-shaped and surrounds the circular outlet cross section 7 of the inner nozzle 5. The inner nozzle 5 is fixed in the outer nozzle 4 via connecting struts 8. A non-crosslinked organopolysiloxane composition 9 with electrically conductive particles of graphite is also fed to the inner nozzle 5 by a screw press. The emerging electrically conductive plastic forms the conductor track 2 at the outlet cross section 7 of the inner nozzle 5. The plastic emerging from the outlet cross section 6 of the outer nozzle 4 forms the insulating outer layer 1.
Alternativ kann der Innendüse 5 eine bereits polymerisierte (vernetzte) Leiterbahn aus Silicon-Elastomer zugeführt werden. Dies kann fertigungstechnische Vorteile bieten, da die graphithaltige Organopolysiloxanmasse nur eine begrenzte Haltbarkeit (etwa 3 Monate) in unvernetztem Zustand aufweist, in vernetztem Zustand aber unbegrenzt laserbar ist. Zur Realisierung unterschiedlicher Leiterformen können die Konturen der Austrittsquerschnitte der Außendüse 4 und der Innendüse 5 variiert werden. Die Figuren 3 und 4 zeigen beispielsweise einen coextrudierten Mehrfachleiter. Dieser Mehrfach- leiter umfaßt 5 Leiterbahnen 2', die von einer isolierenden Außenschicht 1 ' umgeben sind, welche einen zusammenhängenden Flachleiter bildet. Die Außendüse zur Herstellung dieses Mehrfachleiters weist eine Kontur auf, die im wesentlichen dem in Fig. 3 erkennbaren Oberflächenverlauf der isolierenden Außenschicht 1 ' entspricht. In den fünf Ausbauchungen des Austrittsquerschnittes der Außendüse liegen fünf Innendüsen zur Ausbildung der fünf Leiterbahnen 2' des Mehrfachleiters.Alternatively, an already polymerized (crosslinked) silicone elastomer conductor track can be fed to the inner nozzle 5. This can offer advantages in terms of production technology, since the graphite-containing organopolysiloxane composition has only a limited shelf life (about 3 months) in the uncrosslinked state, but can be lasered indefinitely in the crosslinked state. The contours of the outlet cross sections of the outer nozzle 4 and the inner nozzle 5 can be varied in order to implement different conductor shapes. Figures 3 and 4 show, for example, a co-extruded multiple conductor. This multiple conductor comprises 5 conductor tracks 2 ', which are surrounded by an insulating outer layer 1', which forms a coherent flat conductor. The outer nozzle for producing this multiple conductor has a contour which essentially corresponds to the surface profile of the insulating outer layer 1 ′ which can be seen in FIG. 3. In the five bulges of the outlet cross section of the outer nozzle, there are five inner nozzles for forming the five conductor tracks 2 'of the multiple conductor.
Die Fig. 4 und 5 zeigen eine alternative Ausführungsform des elektrischen Leiters. Hier sind zwei elektrische Leiter, die im wesentlichen dem in Fig. 1 dargestellten Leiter entsprechen, über flache Verbindungsstege 10 miteinander verbunden. Jeder Leiter umfaßt eine isolierende Außenschicht 1 und eine Leiterbahn 2. Allerdings weisen beide Leiter unterschiedliche Durchmesser auf und erzeugen somit unterschiedliche Widerstandskräfte gegen elastische Dehnung. Dieser Doppelleiter wird in der Medizintechnik zur Aufnahme unterschiedlicher Dehnungsbeträge und -kräfte verwandt.4 and 5 show an alternative embodiment of the electrical conductor. Here two electrical conductors, which essentially correspond to the conductor shown in FIG. 1, are connected to one another via flat connecting webs 10. Each conductor comprises an insulating outer layer 1 and a conductor track 2. However, both conductors have different diameters and thus generate different resistance forces against elastic expansion. This double conductor is used in medical technology to absorb different amounts and forces of expansion.
Der in den Fig. 5 und 6 dargestellte Leiterverbund kann einschließlich des Materials für die Stege 10 im Coextrusionsverfahren hergestellt werden. Dabei weist die Außendüse im wesentlichen die Außenkontur der isolierenden Außenschicht 1 mit dem Verbindungssteg 10 auf. Die Unterbrechungen zwischen den einzelnen Verbindungsstegen können nach der Coextrusion des Leiters aus dem Stegmaterial ausgestanzt werden.5 and 6 can be produced including the material for the webs 10 in the coextrusion process. The outer nozzle essentially has the outer contour of the insulating outer layer 1 with the connecting web 10. The interruptions between the individual connecting webs can be punched out of the web material after the conductor has been coextruded.
Alternativ können die Verbindungsstege 10 nachträglich an zwei einzelnen Leitern befestigt, insbesondere festgeklebt werden. Bezugszeichenliste:Alternatively, the connecting webs 10 can be subsequently attached, in particular glued, to two individual conductors. Reference symbol list:
1 Außenschicht1 outer layer
2,2' Leiterbahn 3 Strom der Organopolysiloxanmasse ohne elektrisch leitende Zusatzstoffe2.2 'conductor 3 current of the organopolysiloxane mass without electrically conductive additives
4 Außendüse4 outer nozzle
5 Innendüse5 inner nozzle
6 Austrittsquerschnitt der Außendüse6 Outlet cross section of the outer nozzle
7 Austrittsquerschnitt der Innendüse 8 Verbindungsstreben7 Cross section of the inner nozzle 8 Connection struts
9 Strom der Organopolysiloxanmasse mit Graphitzusatz9 flow of organopolysiloxane mass with graphite additive
10 Verbindungssteg 10 connecting bridge

Claims

Ansprüche: Expectations:
1. Elektrischer Leiter mit einer Leiterbahn (2,2') bestehend aus einem ein Silicon- Elastomer mit Kohlenstoff- oder Graphitpartikeln als elektrisch leitenden Zusatz- Stoffen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er mit einer isolierenden Außenschicht (1) aus einem Silicon-Elastomer ummantelt ist und daß er einen bei einer Dehnung des Leiters variablen elektrischen Widerstand aufweist.1. Electrical conductor with a conductor track (2,2 ') consisting of a silicone elastomer with carbon or graphite particles as electrically conductive additives, characterized in that it is coated with an insulating outer layer (1) made of a silicone elastomer and that it has a variable electrical resistance when the conductor is stretched.
2. Elektrischer Leiter nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die isolie- rende Außenschicht (1) im Extrusionsverfahren auf die Leiterbahn (2,2') aufgetragen ist.2. Electrical conductor according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulating outer layer (1) is applied to the conductor track (2, 2 ') in the extrusion process.
3. Elektrischer Leiter nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er mindestens zwei zueinander parallele elektrische Leiterbahnen (2) mit jeweils einer isolierenden Außenschicht (1) umfaßt, wobei die isolierenden Außenschichten (1) über im Abstand zueinander angeordnete Stege (10) miteinander verbunden sind und unterschiedliche Durchmesser aufweisen.3. Electrical conductor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises at least two mutually parallel electrical conductor tracks (2), each with an insulating outer layer (1), the insulating outer layers (1) via spaced webs (10) are interconnected and have different diameters.
4. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines elektrischen Leiters nach einem der vorangehen- den Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die isolierende Außenschicht (1) und die Leiterbahn (2) in einem kontinuierlichen Coextrusionsverfahren ausgebildet werden, wobei eine von elektrisch leitenden Zusatzstoffen freie Organopolysiloxanmasse zur Bildung der isolierenden Außenschicht (1) einer äußeren Profildüse (4) zugeführt wird und gleichzeitig eine kohlenstoff- oder graphithaltige Organopoly- siloxanmasse zur Bildung einer zentralen Leiterbahn (2,2') mindestens einer von der äußeren Profildüse (4) umschlossenen Innendüse (5) zugeführt wird und beide Organopolysiloxanmasse anschließend vernetzen.4. A method for producing an electrical conductor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulating outer layer (1) and the conductor track (2) are formed in a continuous coextrusion process, an organopolysiloxane composition free of electrically conductive additives to form the insulating outer layer (1) is fed to an outer profile nozzle (4) and at the same time a carbon or graphite-containing organopolysiloxane composition is formed to form a central conductor track (2,2 ') at least one inner nozzle (5) enclosed by the outer profile nozzle (4) and then crosslink both organopolysiloxane compositions.
5. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines elektrischen Leiters nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zunächst eine kohlenstoff- oder graphithaltige5. A method for producing an electrical conductor according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that firstly a carbon or graphite-containing
Organopolysiloxanmasse zur Bildung der Leiterbahn (2,2') extrudiert wird und vernetzt, diese vernetzte Leiterbahn anschließend dem zentralen Kanal (5) eines Extrusionskopfes zugeführt wird, wobei einer den zentralen Kanal (5) umgebenden Außendüse (4) des Extrusionskopfes eine von elektrisch leitenden Zusatzstoffen freie Organopolysiloxanmasse zur Bildung der isolierenden, die Leiterbahn (2,2') umgebenden Außenschicht (1) zugeführt wird, welche anschließend vernetzt. Organopolysiloxane mass to form the conductor track (2,2 ') is extruded and crosslinked, this crosslinked conductor track is then fed to the central channel (5) of an extrusion head, one of the outer channel (5) surrounding the central channel (5) of the extrusion head being one of electrically conductive Additives free organopolysiloxane mass to form the insulating outer layer (1) surrounding the conductor track (2, 2 '), which is then crosslinked.
PCT/EP1998/005099 1997-10-09 1998-08-12 Electrical conductor with resistance dependent on elongation WO1999019888A1 (en)

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DE19744527A DE19744527A1 (en) 1997-10-09 1997-10-09 Elastomeric insulated cable produced by co-extrusion
DE19744527.6 1997-10-09

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