WO1999019625A1

WO1999019625A1 - Swash plate compressor

Info

Publication number: WO1999019625A1
Application number: PCT/JP1998/004377
Authority: WO
Inventors: Takayuki Kato; Hayato Ikeda; Seiji Katayama; Masaaki Taga; Noriyuki Shintoku; Toru Takeichi; Motonobu Kawakami
Original assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha Toyoda Jidoshokki Seisakusho
Priority date: 1997-10-09
Filing date: 1998-09-29
Publication date: 1999-04-22
Also published as: CN1241245A; JPH11173263A; CN1127619C; TW430719B; ID23519A; EP0943800A1; KR20000069345A; EP0943800A4; BR9806308A; KR100327084B1; CA2274479A1

Abstract

A swash plate compressor adapted to compress a refrigerant, wherein a swash plate (3, 18) incorporated therein is formed by using an aluminum alloy as a base material, sliding surfaces (3a, 18a) of the swash plate (3, 18) which slidingly contact shoes (7; 7, 19; 19) which are inserted so as to operatively engage the swash plate (3, 18) with a piston (6, 17) being provided with a film of a solid lubricant of at least one kind of substance selected from molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide and graphite which is formed by a transfer system, whereby a coating performance and the productivity of the compressor are improved.

Description

Description Swash plate compressor Technical field

The present invention relates to a swash plate compressor, and more particularly to a highly reliable swash plate compressor having a swash plate whose performance has been improved by performing surface treatment. Conventional technology

For example, in a double-headed swash plate compressor mainly used for vehicle air conditioning, the drive shaft is rotatably supported by a pair of cylinder openings, and the swash plate is provided by both cylinder openings. In the swash plate chamber formed in the joint area, it is integrally rotatably connected to the drive shaft. A plurality of cylinder bores extending around both cylinder blocks are provided around the drive shaft, and a double-headed screw is reciprocally inserted into each of the cylinder bores. In addition, each piston is linked to the swash plate via a shoe, so that the rotational motion of the swash plate is converted into linear motion of the piston, and the suction, compression, and discharge of the refrigerant gas are performed. Done.

On the other hand, in a single-head swash plate compressor, a swash plate chamber or a crank chamber is formed by a housing that covers an inner end side of a cylinder port, and a drive shaft is provided in the swash plate chamber. The mounted swash plate is configured to communicate with the steel via the shower, and in the case of the variable displacement swash plate compressor, a single-head screw inserted into a plurality of cylinder bores. In addition, a swash plate attached to the drive shaft and attached to the drive shaft is provided so as to be tiltable around one fulcrum. Aiming at a position where the gas pressures acting on both end faces are balanced, The swash plate displaces the angle of inclination, and as a result, adjusts the amount of piston stroke of each single-headed piston and controls the compressor capacity.

Now, with these oblique compressors, when used for vehicle air conditioning, the demand for lighter weight has been increasing, and in addition to the cylinder port, swash plate screws have been added. The use of lightweight aluminum alloys has become mainstream. Therefore, measures to prevent wear and seizure have been considered for the sliding surfaces of the swash plate and the bore of the piston, which are subjected to severe sliding conditions such as high speed and long time, with the sliding surface of the piston. For example, it is known to form a fluorine resin film on a sliding surface of a piston, and to form a solid lubricant film on a sliding surface of a swash plate.

However, the double-headed piston has a recess that straddles the outer periphery of the swash plate, and the interference preventing surface provided in the recess contacts the outer peripheral surface of the swash plate. The rotation moment acting on the piston via the shaft, that is, the rotation of the piston is suppressed, while the single-headed piston is provided at the base end thereof. When the interference surface for preventing rotation also comes into contact with the inner wall surface of the housing forming the swash plate chamber, the rotation is similarly suppressed. For this reason, under the same condition as non-lubrication such as when starting the compressor, there is a concern that seizure may occur on the piston and the outer peripheral surface of the swash plate. Formation is being attempted. However, the practice of coating swash plates, for example, spraying, has extremely poor yields of coating materials and low adhesion of the coatings to the sliding surfaces, so not only in terms of seizure resistance but also durability. It is hard to be satisfied. Disclosure of the invention

An object of the present invention is to provide excellent film performance and excellent productivity. It is an object of the present invention to provide a swash plate compressor having improved operational reliability by incorporating an improved swash plate which can be manufactured below.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a swash plate compressor which is incorporated in a vehicle air conditioning system and can function as a long-life compressor even when driven by a vehicle engine and used to compress refrigerant. It is to be.

According to the invention, a plurality of cylinder bores juxtaposed to the cylinder opening, a piston inserted into the cylinder bore, and a drive shaft rotatably supported with a rotating shaft. And a swash plate provided rotatably with the drive shaft, having at least a sliding contact surface with the shoe, and communicating with the piston through the shoe. ,

A swash plate compressor in which a coating of at least one solid lubricant selected from molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, and graphite is applied by a transfer method to a sliding surface with the shoe. Is provided.

Therefore, not only the solid lubricant film formed on the sliding contact surface of the swash plate in sliding contact with the shoe exerts its excellent lubricating performance, but also the yield and film thickness of the coating material can be reduced by coating by the transfer method. This is extremely advantageous from both economic and productivity perspectives such as management.

Preferably, when the swash plate has an outer peripheral surface which comes into contact with an interference surface for preventing rotation of the rubber, the outer peripheral surface is similarly coated with a solid lubricant by a transfer method. To form Thus, the swash plate can secure better seizure resistance not only on the surface in contact with the shoe but also on the surface in contact with the piston.

In the case where the surface of the coating formed on the sliding contact surface of the swash plate is roughened, the coating material is reduced by being strongly pressed into the fine irregularities on the surface of the substrate that have undergone plastic deformation. In addition, when the so-called anchor effect is generated, the adhesion strength of the coating is improved, and in addition, when the undercoat mainly made of tin is applied to the lower layer of the coating formed on the sliding contact surface and the outer peripheral surface of the swash plate, Even if the coating is partially missing, this excellent adhesion layer functions as a lubricating layer by preventing the aluminum base from being exposed, ensuring extremely high durability.

Preferably, the coating formed on the sliding surface of the swash plate is finished by grinding. This makes it possible to obtain extremely high film surface accuracy (flatness) simultaneously with film thickness adjustment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent based on preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a double-headed swash plate type compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2A is a perspective view showing the entirety of a double-headed piston used in the compressor.

FIG. 2B is a longitudinal sectional view taken along line 2B—2B in FIG. 2A, showing the arrangement of the interference surface for preventing rotation.

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a single-head swash plate type compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4A is a front view showing a single-head piston used in the compressor of FIG.

FIG. 4B is a side view from the rear side showing the interference surface for preventing rotation provided on the single-headed screw-on.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a transfer device for the oblique sliding contact surface,

FIG. 6A is a schematic diagram showing the outline of the transfer device on the oblique outer peripheral surface,

FIG. 6B is a developed view schematically showing the relationship between the work piece for forming the slope and the roller row. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Referring to FIGS. 1, 2A and 2B, the double-headed swash plate compressor is It has a pair of rear cylinder blocks 1A and 1B, which are supported by the cylinder blocks 1A and 1B so as to be able to rotate about one rotation axis and to rotate freely around one rotation axis. I have. A swash plate chamber 4 is formed in the joint area between the cylinder blocks 1A and 1B. The swash plate 3 is accommodated in the swash plate chamber 4, and is connected to the drive shaft 2 so as to be able to rotate integrally therewith. An axial cylinder bore (hereinafter simply referred to as “bore”) is formed by joining the bores of a predetermined diameter formed in both cylinder openings 1A and 1B with their respective axes aligned. 5) are provided around the drive shaft 2, and a double-headed piston 6 force is fitted in these bores 5 so that both heads can slide. The rotation of the swash plate 3 is converted into the linear motion of the piston 6 by linking with the sliding contact surfaces 3a, 3a of the swash plate 3 via It is configured to perform suction, compression, and discharge.

In the present embodiment, ferrous metal and cylinder blocks 1A and 1

B, swash plate 3 and double-headed piston 6 are made of aluminum-based metal, such as hypereutectic aluminum silicon alloy.

As clearly shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, this double-headed piston 6 has a required fitting length at both ends thereof and has a cylindrical shape which is slidably fitted into the bore 5. The sliding surfaces 6a, 6a of the swash plate 3 and the recess 6b formed at an intermediate portion connecting the sliding surfaces 6a, 6a and extending over the outer peripheral portion of the swash plate 3. The recesses 6b are provided with hemispherical seats 6c, 6c, which are axially opposed to each other and engage with each of the showers 7, 7, and are provided with axially symmetric anti-rotation interference. When the surfaces 6 d, 6 d abut against the outer peripheral surface 3 b of the swash plate 3, the rotational moment acting on the piston 6 via the housing 7, that is, the rotation around the axis of the piston 6. It has a structure in which is suppressed.

Referring to FIGS. 3, 4A and 4B, according to another embodiment of the present invention. The variable displacement swash plate type compressor has a cylinder housing 10 having front and rear end faces, and a front housing 1 coupled to close the front end side of the cylinder housing 10. 1 and a rear housing 13 for closing the rear end side of the cylinder block 10 through a valve plate 12, and the cylinder block 10 and the front block are provided with a rear housing 13. The housing 11 and the rear housing 13 are firmly fastened so as to seal the joint with a plurality of through bolts. The compressor has a crank chamber 14 formed by a cylinder block 10 and a front housing 11, and the crank chamber 14 has an axial center in the crank chamber 14. The extended drive shaft 15 is housed, and is rotatably supported by a pair of radial bearings shown in the drawing, which are held by both the cylinder block 10 and the front housing 11.

The cylinder block 10 is provided with a plurality of cylinder bores (hereinafter simply referred to as bores) 16 at a plurality of positions surrounding the drive shaft 15. A single-headed piston 17 is inserted into 16 so as to be able to move back and forth.

In the crank chamber 14, the rotor 20 is fixed to the drive shaft 15 so as to be rotatable integrally with the drive shaft 15, and the rotor 20 is provided with a thrust bearing. It is supported by the front housing 11 via. A swash plate 18 is fitted on the rear side of the rotor 20. The swash plate 1 ^ is constantly urged rearward by receiving the spring force of the pressing spring 21 interposed between the swash plate 1 ^ and the rotor 20.

The swash plate 18 has a substantially plate-like shape, and smooth sliding contact surfaces 18a, 18a are formed in the outer peripheral regions of both end surfaces, and the sliding contact surfaces 18a, 18a each have a half surface. Spherical showers 19, 19 are in contact with each other, and each of these showers 19, 19 is in sliding engagement with hemispherical seats 17c, 17c of the piston 17. Have been. In addition, a hinge mechanism is provided between the swash plate 18 and the mouth 20 to allow the swash plate 18 to pivot relative to the rotor 20.

Further, the swash plate 18 has a swash plate center hole 18b formed as a bent through hole, and the drive shaft 15 is passed through the center hole 18b. Therefore, it is mounted on the same drive shaft 15 and is configured to be capable of tilting displacement while keeping the top dead center position of the single-headed piston 17 with respect to the bore 16 immovable.

Also in this embodiment, the cylinder block 10, the swash plate 18 and the piston 17 are made of an aluminum-based metal, for example, a hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy. The piston 17 is fitted into the bore 16 by providing a sliding contact surface 17a having a required fitting length at the distal end thereof. At the rear end of the piston 17 which is separated in the direction, there is a recess 17b (Fig. 4A) recessed so as to straddle the swash plate 18. On the back side, a curved anti-rotation interference surface 17 d having a large radius of curvature and abutting against the inner wall surface 14 a of the crank chamber 14 is provided.

Now, the surface treatment of a swash plate, which is a feature of the present invention, will be described below with reference to FIGS. 5, 6A and 6B.

It should be noted that the swash plate 8 linked to the double-headed ston 6 and the swash plate 18 linked to the single-headed ston 17 shown in both embodiments described above are formed by the former swash plate 3 having a piston. The difference is that the outer peripheral surface of the latter swash plate 18 does not directly contact the piston 17 while the outer peripheral surface of the latter swash plate 18 has the outer peripheral surface 3b that contacts the anti-rotation interference surfaces 6 d and 6 d of FIG. . Therefore, although the outer peripheral surface of the swash plate 18 does not require any special surface treatment for obtaining lubricity, the sliding surfaces 3a, 3a or the shrouds 19, 19 with the shrouds 7, 7 are not required. For the surface treatment of the sliding surfaces 18a and 18a of the two swash plates 3 and 18 Since there is essentially no change, only the surface treatment of the swash plate 3 will be described. Although not explicitly shown in the figure, first, the sliding surface 3a of the peak piece 3W for manufacturing the swash plate 3 is preliminarily treated with a pre-treatment for increasing the adhesion strength of a coating made of a solid lubricant. Then, for example, the rough surface of the substrate is selectively processed by a shot blast, and the surface roughness is adjusted to 0.4 ^ mRz or more.

Regardless of whether or not the surface is roughened, the two sliding surfaces 3a (including the outer peripheral surface 3b if necessary) of the swash plate workpiece 3W are mainly made of tin as the same selective pretreatment. The surface roughness adjusted by the above roughening proceeds to about 1.0 μm Rz due to the surface roughness. It is also possible to omit these pretreatments by forming the substrate into a rough surface to some extent during cutting.

Here, a transfer method (pad transfer) for forming a solid lubricant film on the sliding contact surface 3a of the swash plate workpiece 3W that has been subjected to the pretreatment as described above will be described below.

Referring to FIG. 5, the transfer device 70 is provided with a storage tank 71 in which a solid lubricant made of, for example, molybdenum disulfide, graphite, and a polyamide are used. The film material C containing an uncured thermosetting resin such as a resin is stored. The storage tank 7 1 is installed on a slide table 7 2, and at this time, the slide table 7 2 is formed so as to be horizontally movable in the direction of the arrow in sliding contact with the lower opening edge of the storage tank 7 1. On the slide table 72, an annular material holding groove 72a having a surface area substantially matching the sliding contact surface 3a is formed. A cylindrical transfer pad 73 made of synthetic rubber is arranged at a standby position at a predetermined distance in the moving direction of the slide table 72 from the storage tank 71 so as to be vertically movable. Material between the center of the above storage tank 7 1 The stroke of the slide table 72 is set so that the holding groove 72a can reciprocate. -The transfer pad 73 is formed so that the lower end surface 73b except the escape hole 73a for the boss portion of the inclined 3W is slightly bent and fills the material holding groove 72a. The transfer pad 73 is configured to be capable of horizontal reciprocating movement between adjacent transfer positions and vertical movement at both positions, as indicated by arrows. Below the transfer pad 73 at the transfer position 70, there is provided a support 74 having a positioning concave portion 74a for alignment with the boss portion of the swash plate workpiece 3W. The support 74 is configured to be able to reciprocate between a separately provided dryer.

Therefore, the slide table 72 is moved to the left from the standby position shown in the figure to move the material holding groove 72a to the center position of the storage tank 71, that is, the outer circle of the material holding groove 72a as shown by a chain line. The coating material C in the storage tank 71 is automatically introduced into the material holding groove 72a by being aligned with the opening edge of the lower end of the storage tank 71. From this state, the slide table 72 is returned to the standby position (moving to the right), and then the transfer pad 73 in the standby position is lowered to enter the material holding groove 72a slightly. The transfer is bent to The coating material C is adhered to the lower end surface 73b of the pad 73.

The transfer pad 73 to which the coating material C is attached is moved rightward following the ascending to a transfer position matching the abutment 74, and further lowered to lower the lower end surface 73b. By pressing the swash plate work piece 3 W positioned on the support 7 4 against the sliding contact surface 3 a of the 3 W, the coating material C on the lower end surface 7 3 b is transferred to the sliding contact surface 3 a. It is covered (transferred) on a.

In addition, the work piece 3W having been covered is once dried in a dryer together with the support 74 if necessary, and the film thickness is adjusted by repeating the above steps. A similar coating is applied to the opposite sliding contact surface 3a, and a coherent film is formed through a firing process. It goes without saying that what is done is repeated.

Next, a transfer method (roll transfer) for forming a film of solid lubricant on the outer peripheral surface 3b of the swash plate workpiece 3W will be described with reference to FIGS. 6A and 6B.

The transfer device 80 is provided with a storage tank 82 containing a coating material C containing uncured thermosetting resin such as molybdenum disulfide, a solid lubricant made of graphite, and polyamide imide resin. A metal roller 83 in which a part of the outer periphery is immersed in the coating material C in the storage tank 82; and a comma roller 84 arranged with a predetermined gap in the metal port roller 83. A synthetic rubber transfer port roller 85 in which a large-diameter portion 85a that matches the rotation locus of the outer peripheral surface 3b of the swash plate workpiece 3W is arranged in contact with the metal roller 83; A work holder 86 for rotatably holding the work piece 3W for use, and a drive mechanism 81 for driving the roller rows 83, 85 to rotate in the directions of the arrows, respectively.

Therefore, when the drive mechanism 81 was activated and the roller rows 83 and 85 were rotated, the film thickness of the coating material C adhered to the outer peripheral surface of the metal roller 83 was adjusted by the comma roller 84. After that, the transfer roller 85 is transferred to the large diameter portion 85a of the transfer roller 85. When the workpiece 3W that rotates in this state is brought into contact with the transfer roller 85 via the workpiece holder 86, the coating material C is transferred again and the outer periphery of the swash plate workpiece 3W is moved. The workpiece 3 W, which has been coated (transferred) on the surface 3 b and has been separated from the transfer roller 85 after the coating, is removed from the work holder 86, and the solvent in the coating material C is removed in the drying process. After the removal, the film is further subjected to a baking step to form a tightly adhered film on the outer peripheral surface 3b.

The process of forming the solid lubricant film on the swash plate workpiece 3W described above with reference to FIGS. 5, 6A and 6B is described in the following example. It is also possible. That is, in advance, the surface roughness is desirably reduced to 2 to 1-2 mRz by a shot blast on the sliding surface 3a and the outer peripheral surface 3b of the swash plate workpiece 3W. The surface of the solid lubricant may be directly formed without forming a base plating layer after roughening the surface. It is clear that the formation of the solid lubricant film in this case is performed using the transfer device 70 shown in FIG. 5 or using the transfer device 80 shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B.

Further, as another embodiment, a sprayed layer of a copper-based metal is previously formed on the sliding contact surface 3a and the outer peripheral surface 3b of the swash plate workpiece 3W, and a solid lubricant is formed on the surface of the sprayed layer. May be formed. In addition, the surface of the sprayed layer is roughened by shot blasting to a surface roughness of 2 to 12 / mRz, and then a solid lubricant film is formed. Is also good.

Note that, instead of the above shot blast, rough surface processing may be performed by shot peening, sand blasting, or cutting.

Of course, it is self-evident that the embodiment relating to the work piece 3W described above is equally applicable to the manufacture of the bevel 18.

As described above in detail, the present invention relates to a swash plate incorporated in a swash plate compressor, in which only a solid lubricant film formed on a sliding contact surface of the swash plate exerts its excellent lubrication performance. Instead, the transfer method is very advantageous from the viewpoint of deviation in economic efficiency and productivity, such as control of the yield and thickness of the coating material.

In the case where the surface of the coating formed on the sliding contact surface of the swash plate is roughened, the adhesion strength of the coating is improved due to the so-called anchor effect in which the coating material penetrates into the irregularities on the surface of the substrate. In addition, when the base layer mainly made of tin is applied to the lower layer of the coating formed on the sliding contact surface and the outer peripheral surface of the swash plate, better durability is guaranteed.

Claims

The scope of the claims

1. A plurality of cylinder bores juxtaposed in the cylinder opening, a piston fitted in the cylinder bore, and a drive shaft rotatably supported with a rotation shaft. A swash plate compressor having a swash plate provided rotatably with the drive shaft and having at least a sliding contact surface with the shoe, and linked to the piston via the shower;

A surface of a solid lubricant selected from at least one selected from molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide and graphite is applied to the sliding contact surface with the shoe by a transfer method. A swash plate compressor.

2. The piston has an interference surface for preventing rotation, and the interference surface for preventing rotation is provided so as to be in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the swash plate, and the solid lubricating surface is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the swash plate. 2. The swash plate compressor according to claim 1, wherein the coating of the agent is formed by a transfer method.

3. The solid lubricant film formed on the sliding contact surface of the swash plate is applied to a substrate formed by roughening the sliding contact surface. The swash plate compressor according to 1 or 2.

4. The swash plate compressor according to claim 3, wherein the sliding contact surface is roughened so as to have a surface roughness of 2 to 12 mRz. . one'

5. The swash plate according to claim 1, wherein a lower layer of tin-based material is applied to a lower layer of the solid lubricant film formed on the sliding surface of the swash plate. Plate compressor.

6. The undercoat mainly composed of tin is applied to a lower layer of the solid lubricant film formed on the sliding contact surface and the outer peripheral surface of the swash plate. 3. The swash plate compressor according to 3.

7. The swash plate compressor according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the solid lubricant film formed on the sliding contact surface of the swash plate is adjusted by grinding. .

8. The swash plate compressor according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy on which the swash plate is formed is a hypereutectic aluminum silicon alloy.