WO1999017470A1 - Structure d'un canal de controle d'emissions pour amrt a large bande - Google Patents

Structure d'un canal de controle d'emissions pour amrt a large bande Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999017470A1
WO1999017470A1 PCT/SE1998/001752 SE9801752W WO9917470A1 WO 1999017470 A1 WO1999017470 A1 WO 1999017470A1 SE 9801752 W SE9801752 W SE 9801752W WO 9917470 A1 WO9917470 A1 WO 9917470A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
base station
base stations
identity
transmitted
information
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE1998/001752
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Lisa De Verdier
Håkan OLOFSSON
Johan Sköld
Original Assignee
Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ)
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) filed Critical Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ)
Priority to CA002304536A priority Critical patent/CA2304536A1/fr
Priority to EP98946768A priority patent/EP1021875A1/fr
Priority to AU93717/98A priority patent/AU9371798A/en
Publication of WO1999017470A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999017470A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
    • H04W56/0055—Synchronisation arrangements determining timing error of reception due to propagation delay
    • H04W56/0065—Synchronisation arrangements determining timing error of reception due to propagation delay using measurement of signal travel time
    • H04W56/007—Open loop measurement
    • H04W56/0075—Open loop measurement based on arrival time vs. expected arrival time
    • H04W56/0085—Open loop measurement based on arrival time vs. expected arrival time detecting a given structure in the signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/24—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts
    • H04B7/26—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile
    • H04B7/2662—Arrangements for Wireless System Synchronisation
    • H04B7/2671—Arrangements for Wireless Time-Division Multiple Access [TDMA] System Synchronisation
    • H04B7/2678—Time synchronisation
    • H04B7/2687—Inter base stations synchronisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/08—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery
    • H04W48/12—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery using downlink control channel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to mobile communication systems.
  • the present invention relates to synchronization, handover, and cell relations in a cellular mobile communication system.
  • radio resource management algorithms such as power control and dynamic channel allocation are provided to optimize the use of system resources (spectrum, power, etc.).
  • One way of obtaining cell relations is to let the mobile stations (MSs) in the system monitor the control channels transmitted from different base stations (BSs). By registering the strength and identity of received base station control channels, the cell relations can be deduced.
  • Base station identification is typically performed by determining the base station identity codes (BSIC) that are transmitted by the base stations on their respective control channels.
  • each BSIC is a non-unique code transmitted by each base station on time slot 0 of the control channel frequency, every 10th TDMA frame.
  • FIGs. 1A and IB show exemplary successive idle frames, 13 frames apart in a GSM system, where mobile stations transmitting on time slots ts0-ts7 transmit control channel information C, idle slots I (i.e., no transmission), and signaling information S. It will be appreciated that time slots tsO and tsl are typically reserved for control channel information C, and that no mobile station uses those time slots for transmission of data or signaling information S. In the GSM system, not all mobile stations in a cell have their idle frames at the same time.
  • the mobile station is silent - that is, the mobile station does not transmit information. Because different mobile stations have different idle frames, other mobile stations may transmit during one mobile station's idle frame. For example, in FIG. 1A, mobile stations communicating on ts2, ts4, and ts6 are idle, while mobile stations on ts3, ts5, and ts7 send signaling information.
  • the GSM control channel multi-frames and traffic channel multiframes are designed so that the idle frame will be adjusted to correspond with different types of control channels, and eventually correspond to the BSIC information (sliding multiframes). This complicated procedure requires up to 10 seconds for a mobile station to decode the BSICs of the six best neighbors.
  • the reliable determination of cell relations is limited for at least three reasons.
  • a first reason is that the coding of the BSIC is relatively weak in GSM.
  • the carrier-to-interference ratio (C/I) for the control channel signal must be relatively high. While this is often the case for neighboring base stations, for base stations further away the carrier strength (C) is usually lower and the interference (I) is usually higher.
  • C/I carrier-to-interference ratio
  • the worst case is when two co-channel BSICs are received which are relatively equal in signal strength. Then the C/I ratio on this channel is around 0 dB, and it is impossible to decode either of the two BSICs.
  • a second reason is that in GSM, problems arise when a mobile station tries to decode the BSIC of a co-channel cell (a cell that is using the same control channel as the mobile station's serving cell). Then, the serving base station can become a source of interference. The reason for this is that while one mobile station is idle in this frame, other mobile stations in the same cell may receive control channel information or signaling information in this frame, creating interference on these slots.
  • a third reason is that the BSIC identities used in GSM are only 6 bits long; therefore, the same combination of control channel frequency and BSIC are used by multiple cells in a system. Thus, a BSIC decoded on a certain control channel frequency cannot automatically be associated with a specific cell.
  • the present invention provides for a communication system and method for fast identity decoding.
  • the present invention allows cell relations to be obtained for a relatively large area in an efficient way.
  • the present invention makes use of one or more of the following: strongly coded base station identities, substantially synchronized idle frames to reduce interference from traffic channels; and increasing the "reuse distance" for control channels by placing the control channels on designated time slots in different co- channel cells.
  • the present invention is preferably implemented in a slot and frame synchronized system.
  • a method for automatically obtaining approximate, local synchronization is also provided.
  • FIGs. 1 A- IB are exemplary consecutive idle frames in a GSM communication system
  • FIG. 2 is a representation of three base stations communicating with three mobile stations over a common frequency
  • FIG. 3 is a representation of broadcast channel allocation according to one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram of an area of cells using the broadcast channel allocation scheme of FIG. 3;
  • FIGs. 5A-5B are diagrams showing an ideal case and a more practical case, respectively, of control channel allocation
  • FIG. 6 is a exemplary identity burst transmitted from a base station over a control channel according to an aspect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a mobile station determining cell relation information and providing synchronization information according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention will be described assuming a mobile TDMA system where the base stations transmit only control channel or signaling information (occupying one or more time slots) during idle frames.
  • the system can either be a packet switched system or a circuit switched system where all mobile stations in a cell have substantially synchronized idle frames. It will be appreciated, however, that the invention can be applied to other types of communication systems. It is also assumed that the BS identities are unique within at least some area which includes non- neighboring cells.
  • base station identities are encoded stronger than in a conventional (e.g., GSM) system. This makes it possible to decode the identities at relatively low C/I levels. Even with increased coding, it is still desirable to reduce interference, and thereby increase the C/I ratio. Therefore, according to a second aspect of the present invention, the interference from traffic channels is reduced by substantially synchronizing the idle frames for all base stations in an area including non-neighboring cells. If perfect synchronization and zero propagation delays could be achieved with this area, interference would be eliminated. As a practical matter, local slot and frame synchronization between base stations within an area can substantially decrease interference.
  • GSM Global System for Mobile communications
  • FIGs. 3 and 4 give an example of the broadcast channel allocation in an area of cells which include non-neighboring cells.
  • the traffic channel reuse is three, and the broadcast channel is spread over five time slots. This means that the broadcast channel is not reused within five traffic channel clusters, so the broadcast channel reuse is 15.
  • the five base stations using the same frequency f x are co-channel cells in different clusters. These base stations transmit on different broadcast channel time slots. It will be appreciated that the broadcast channel reuse is increased five times when the broadcast channel is spread over five designated time slots.
  • FIG. 3 shows the broadcast channel allocation, where each of the different patterns represents one of the five clusters in FIG 4.
  • the three base stations in a cluster can use the same broadcast channel time slot, since they use different frequencies.
  • the different frequencies f x , f y , and f 2 can be adjacent or non-adjacent frequencies. If the frequencies are adjacent, different time slots can be used within the cluster to decrease adjacent channel interference.
  • each mobile station chooses one frequency and decodes as many base station identity codes on it as possible.
  • a new frequency is chosen.
  • the frequency choice can be based on intermediate interference measurements, or, if the number of frequencies is not very large, the mobile stations can sequentially scan through all frequencies.
  • the invention is particularly useful in a wideband TDMA system with a relatively small number of carrier frequencies and a relatively large number of time slots on each carrier.
  • the mobile station can decode a relatively large number of identities in each idle frame. Because the number of frequencies is limited, the mobile station can decode all identities relatively quickly.
  • the results are reported to the serving base station.
  • the measurements from each base station can be reported to a central entity where the cell relations can be calculated and stored.
  • the stored cell relations can be used for performing handovers in a quick and efficient manner. For example, the stored cell relations can improve automatic frequency planning and can be used to determine which potential new base stations can be measured for handover purposes. The information can also reduce the need for certain handover measurements.
  • each frequency carrier is divided into 64 time slots each of which is 72 ms long.
  • the mobile stations could decode an identity in each time slot, that is 64 identities per idle frame.
  • control channels can be placed on, for example, every second time slot, as shown in FIGs. 5A-B, which represent the case where a mobile station attempts to decode the identities of two base stations, A and B, that have the same broadcast channel frequency f, but different time slots.
  • the time shift between the transmissions from base stations A and B represented in FIG. 5B is due to imperfect synchronization and propagation delay.
  • FIG. 5 A is an ideal case in which the mobile station is able to decode both identities.
  • imperfect synchronization and different propagation times from the two base stations result in a time shift between the transmissions from base stations A and B, and also result in interference between the two broadcast channels. If one base station is relatively close and the other is relatively distant (i.e. the synchronization and propagation time difference is mainly due to the difference in transmission delay), the mobile station can decode the identity of the closer base station. Alternatively, if interference is caused by poor synchronization, the signals from different base stations may be of approximately equal strength, such that a mobile station will be unable to accurately decode any of the identities.
  • the synchronization and propagation time differences do not add up to more than one time slot. If the burst size is 72 ms, half of a 1 slot shift results from transmission delay difference, and the other half of the shift results from imperfect synchronization, there may be difficulties in decoding the identities of base stations further away than 11 km.
  • the number of time slots on each carrier frequency used for control channel information can be varied. If, for example, control channels are placed on every eighth time slot in this 64 slot example, both the synchronization and the transmission delay difference requirements become less critical. The broadcast channel reuse is still high and the mobile stations can decode eight identities per idle frame. This is sufficient for handover purposes.
  • the identity burst contains a training sequence part and an information part (e.g., including BSIC and current time slot information).
  • the identity burst can preferably be received and decoded in an environment with considerably lower C/N than what is possible in e.g. the GSM case, since the broadcast control channel structure according to the invention reduces most of the interference, but does not reduce noise. In other words, to decode BSIC from cells which are beyond the neighboring cells, a more robust channel is desirable.
  • the burst length in FIG. 6 is the same as a normal burst. There is no additional guard time needed, since there are guard slot(s) between the broadcast control channel slots.
  • the training sequence in the identity burst is relatively long, in order to allow capture of the identity burst and synchronization in low C/N environments. There can be either only one possible training sequence, or different training sequences in the TDMA slots. Different training sequences can be used for synchronization purposes, where the training sequence designates a slot number.
  • the information part of the identity burst need not include current time slot information.
  • the information part of the identity burst preferably includes an encoded BSIC, where the code is a relatively low rate convolutional code or block code. For low C/N operation, a code rate of approximately 1/4 or less is desirable.
  • a CRC code can also be encoded into the burst to allow for error detection.
  • the receiver can use the CRC together with soft receiver metrics (e.g. decoder path metrics and C/I measures) to distinguish between correctly and incorrectly received bursts.
  • the identity burst is transmitted for each idle slot. If a mobile station can synchronize to a burst without successfully decoding it, the received signal can be stored and a second synchronization can be made at the next idle slot. The received signal from two or more idle slots can then be soft combined before a second decoding attempt is made. This allows for successful reception of identity bursts received at an even lower C/N ratio.
  • a mobile station determining cell relations and providing synchronization information based on received identity bursts.
  • the mobile station in FIG. 7 is served by a base station B, and decodes an identity burst from base station A, including the base station identity code and synchronization information for base station A. Since the mobile station knows the current time slot for the serving base station B, it can calculate an Observed Time Difference, OTD, for transmissions from base stations A and B, and forward the OTD to serving base station B.
  • OTD Observed Time Difference
  • the relation between the OTD and the RTD Real Time Difference
  • RTD Real Time Difference
  • t B and OTD are now known in base station B, and t A can be estimated from geometrical considerations. Hence an estimate of RTD can be calculated in base station B. If OTD is reported by the mobile station, and RTD calculated by the base station or a central processor each time an identity is decoded by a base station, large statistics on synchronization differences between different base stations can be obtained over time. It should be appreciated that the further away base station A is located from the mobile station, the less accurate will t A be. Therefore, it is preferable to synchronize to closer base stations. It will be appreciated that this synchronization method can be used to achieve synchronization for any number of purposes, and can be used with or without the broadcast control channel scheme described above.
  • the mobile station receives and decodes identity and synchronization information from multiple base stations, and transmits this information to abase station for determining synchronization based on the decoded information (using, e.g., the OTD technique described above). If synchronization processing is performed locally in a base station, the base station can use the decoded information to adjust its own synchronization. If the synchronization processing is performed at a central location for multiple base stations, the base stations will be instructed from the central location as necessary to adjust synchronization.
  • synch & identity bursts can be transmitted that contain both BSIC and a frame number. These can be transmitted at regular intervals in the TDMA frame structure. Since more bits (BSIC + frame number) are now transmitted, less coding is possible. This means that the synch & identity burst can be detected within a shorter range than the identity burst.
  • the invention provides a fast and efficient way to decode a relatively large number of base station identities in an approximately synchronized wideband TDMA system. This can be used for establishing cell relations, to be used by long-term algorithms, as well as for improving the performance of short-term algorithms such as handover.
  • the broadcast control channel structure can significantly reduce interference on the broadcast channels if carefully constructed identity bursts are transmitted by the base stations. If synchronization information is included in the identity bursts, the system can autonomously perform approximate synchronization.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un système mobile de télécommunications et le procédé associé permettant de déterminer les relations entre des cellules situées dans une aire comportant des cellules non voisines. L'invention recourt à des codages relativement forts d'identificateurs, de stations de base, de trames inactives substantiellement synchronisés, et à des canaux de contrôle d'émission qui sont transmis dans les créneaux temporels reconnus de différences cellules de co-canal à l'intérieure d'une même aire. L'invention permet également de déterminer efficacement et fiablement le relations cellulaires et les informations de synchronisation pour permettre d'améliorer le système.
PCT/SE1998/001752 1997-09-29 1998-09-29 Structure d'un canal de controle d'emissions pour amrt a large bande WO1999017470A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002304536A CA2304536A1 (fr) 1997-09-29 1998-09-29 Structure d'un canal de controle d'emissions pour amrt a large bande
EP98946768A EP1021875A1 (fr) 1997-09-29 1998-09-29 Structure d'un canal de controle d'emissions pour amrt a large bande
AU93717/98A AU9371798A (en) 1997-09-29 1998-09-29 A broadcast control channel structure for wideband tdma

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US93992297A 1997-09-29 1997-09-29
US08/939,922 1997-09-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999017470A1 true WO1999017470A1 (fr) 1999-04-08

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PCT/SE1998/001752 WO1999017470A1 (fr) 1997-09-29 1998-09-29 Structure d'un canal de controle d'emissions pour amrt a large bande

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EP (1) EP1021875A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU9371798A (fr)
CA (1) CA2304536A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999017470A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA988881B (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999062283A2 (fr) * 1998-05-25 1999-12-02 Nokia Networks Oy Procede d'utilisation de canaux dans un systeme amrt et systeme amrt
EP1161004A1 (fr) * 2000-05-25 2001-12-05 Lucent Technologies Inc. Synchronisation de systèmes de communications CDMA
WO2004093350A1 (fr) * 2003-04-10 2004-10-28 Siemens Communications, Inc. Synchronisation de station de base dans un reseau sans fil
WO2005002086A1 (fr) * 2003-06-30 2005-01-06 Nokia Corporation Ajustement des vitesses de transmission des rafales de donnees
EP1936838A2 (fr) * 2006-12-21 2008-06-25 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Méthode pour la synchronisation de cellules se chevauchant et système de communication sans fil correspondant

Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2290926A (en) * 1994-06-30 1996-01-10 Nec Corp Sychronization of base stations in a cellular mobile radio system
WO1996019087A1 (fr) * 1994-12-15 1996-06-20 Nokia Telecommunications Oy Systeme de station mobile cellulaire
WO1996038014A1 (fr) * 1995-05-24 1996-11-28 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Formation de cellules en chevauchement en cas de destinataires multiples

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2290926A (en) * 1994-06-30 1996-01-10 Nec Corp Sychronization of base stations in a cellular mobile radio system
WO1996019087A1 (fr) * 1994-12-15 1996-06-20 Nokia Telecommunications Oy Systeme de station mobile cellulaire
WO1996038014A1 (fr) * 1995-05-24 1996-11-28 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Formation de cellules en chevauchement en cas de destinataires multiples

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"GSM 05.10 version 4.4.0", ETSI STANDARD, January 1994 (1994-01-01), pages 12 - 13, XP002066676 *
MOULY ET AL: "The GSM system for mobile communications", 1993, EUROPE MEDIA, LASSAY-LES-CHATEAUX, XP002066677 *

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999062283A2 (fr) * 1998-05-25 1999-12-02 Nokia Networks Oy Procede d'utilisation de canaux dans un systeme amrt et systeme amrt
WO1999062283A3 (fr) * 1998-05-25 2000-02-10 Nokia Networks Oy Procede d'utilisation de canaux dans un systeme amrt et systeme amrt
US6546000B1 (en) 1998-05-25 2003-04-08 Nokia Networks Oy Method for channel use in TDMA system, and TDMA system
EP1161004A1 (fr) * 2000-05-25 2001-12-05 Lucent Technologies Inc. Synchronisation de systèmes de communications CDMA
WO2004093350A1 (fr) * 2003-04-10 2004-10-28 Siemens Communications, Inc. Synchronisation de station de base dans un reseau sans fil
WO2005002086A1 (fr) * 2003-06-30 2005-01-06 Nokia Corporation Ajustement des vitesses de transmission des rafales de donnees
KR100800127B1 (ko) 2003-06-30 2008-02-25 노키아 코포레이션 데이터 버스트 전송률 조정
US7551683B2 (en) 2003-06-30 2009-06-23 Nokia Corporation Adjusting data burst transmission rates
EP1936838A2 (fr) * 2006-12-21 2008-06-25 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Méthode pour la synchronisation de cellules se chevauchant et système de communication sans fil correspondant
EP1936838A3 (fr) * 2006-12-21 2010-05-05 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Méthode pour la synchronisation de cellules se chevauchant et système de communication sans fil correspondant
US8446893B2 (en) 2006-12-21 2013-05-21 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Enhanced coexistence beacon protocol (ECBP) for precise intercell synchronization of overlapping wireless base stations

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1021875A1 (fr) 2000-07-26
CA2304536A1 (fr) 1999-04-08
ZA988881B (en) 1999-04-06
AU9371798A (en) 1999-04-23

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