WO1999013266A1 - Eclairage architectural distribue a partir d'une lumiere contenue alignee radialement et au moyen de luminaires compacts efficaces - Google Patents

Eclairage architectural distribue a partir d'une lumiere contenue alignee radialement et au moyen de luminaires compacts efficaces Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999013266A1
WO1999013266A1 PCT/US1998/018419 US9818419W WO9913266A1 WO 1999013266 A1 WO1999013266 A1 WO 1999013266A1 US 9818419 W US9818419 W US 9818419W WO 9913266 A1 WO9913266 A1 WO 9913266A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
optics
light distribution
reflector
distribution
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1998/018419
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jerome H. Simon
Original Assignee
Simon Jerome H
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Simon Jerome H filed Critical Simon Jerome H
Publication of WO1999013266A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999013266A1/fr
Priority to US09/520,272 priority Critical patent/US6536921B1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/008—Combination of two or more successive refractors along an optical axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S6/00—Lighting devices intended to be free-standing
    • F21S6/005—Lighting devices intended to be free-standing with a lamp housing maintained at a distance from the floor or ground via a support, e.g. standing lamp for ambient lighting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S6/00—Lighting devices intended to be free-standing
    • F21S6/005—Lighting devices intended to be free-standing with a lamp housing maintained at a distance from the floor or ground via a support, e.g. standing lamp for ambient lighting
    • F21S6/007—Lighting devices intended to be free-standing with a lamp housing maintained at a distance from the floor or ground via a support, e.g. standing lamp for ambient lighting for indirect lighting only, e.g. torchiere with reflector bowl directed towards ceiling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S8/00—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation
    • F21S8/02—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation of recess-mounted type, e.g. downlighters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V11/00—Screens not covered by groups F21V1/00, F21V3/00, F21V7/00 or F21V9/00
    • F21V11/08—Screens not covered by groups F21V1/00, F21V3/00, F21V7/00 or F21V9/00 using diaphragms containing one or more apertures
    • F21V11/12—Screens not covered by groups F21V1/00, F21V3/00, F21V7/00 or F21V9/00 using diaphragms containing one or more apertures of slot type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V13/00—Producing particular characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by means of a combination of elements specified in two or more of main groups F21V1/00 - F21V11/00
    • F21V13/02—Combinations of only two kinds of elements
    • F21V13/04—Combinations of only two kinds of elements the elements being reflectors and refractors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V17/00—Fastening of component parts of lighting devices, e.g. shades, globes, refractors, reflectors, filters, screens, grids or protective cages
    • F21V17/02—Fastening of component parts of lighting devices, e.g. shades, globes, refractors, reflectors, filters, screens, grids or protective cages with provision for adjustment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/04—Refractors for light sources of lens shape
    • F21V5/046—Refractors for light sources of lens shape the lens having a rotationally symmetrical shape about an axis for transmitting light in a direction mainly perpendicular to this axis, e.g. ring or annular lens with light source disposed inside the ring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/0008—Reflectors for light sources providing for indirect lighting
    • F21V7/0016—Reflectors for light sources providing for indirect lighting on lighting devices that also provide for direct lighting, e.g. by means of independent light sources, by splitting of the light beam, by switching between both lighting modes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/0091—Reflectors for light sources using total internal reflection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/04—Optical design
    • F21V7/09—Optical design with a combination of different curvatures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0005—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being of the fibre type
    • G02B6/0006—Coupling light into the fibre
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2121/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems for decorative purposes, not provided for in codes F21W2102/00 – F21W2107/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2103/00—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to lighting systems and arrangements, and, more particularly, to a system for producing shaped and directed light from a quasi point source to provide broadly distributed ambient light, non-shadowing task illumination, multi-beam display lighting, projective lineal lighting and projective surface washing illumination lineally or radially distributed as well as to provide efficiently distributed illumination from a compact luminaire and to provide lighting which reduces the heat level above the light source.
  • the present invention relates to improved use of radiant energy from a quasi point source.
  • the present specification primarily discusses collimation and shaping of visible light, since this is the collimation application for the invention at the present time, but other forms of radiant energy, for example infrared energy for heating, could be similarly distributed.
  • the quasi point source may conveniently comprise a metal halide lamp.
  • radiant energy and light will be used interchangeably in the present description.
  • serial Number 08/006,623, 1 have described means for utilizing collimation means to provide radial collimation for a quasi point source, and producing a cylinder of light which is transmitted for distribution by further means.
  • the present invention provides advancements in distribution and shaping of light utilizing distribution optics in conjunction with radial collimation means.
  • further improvements are provided wherein an "f " number is minimized, where the "f " number is inversely proportional to efficiency of light capture of the source by the radial collimation means.
  • Typical current solutions require the use of a plurality of sources such as separate bulbs in separate down-lights.
  • One system may need to contain one group of light bulbs of a first wattage as well as other bulbs of differing types in order to meet particular lighting requirements. For example, a spotlight is almost invariably provided with an incandescent source, while relatively low power ambient lighting is provided by fluorescent tubes. This results in complexity and expense in installation and in inconvenience and expense in maintenance.
  • Typical prior art systems for distributing light from a source commonly lack flexibility in the number of different directions in which light may be directed from a single source. They are also characterized by complexity and lack of efficiency. In most existing lighting systems, energy is gathered by a parabolic or ellipsoidal reflector and distributed in a conical shape. The system of the present invention does not need such reflectors as a collimation means of collection. A radially formed collimation device feeds modulation means.
  • the present invention provides for a simplicity in construction and compactness in layout for any of a number of different types of systems. Systems constructed in accordance with the present invention may provide for lighting the interior of a room, the exterior of a vehicle or other space.
  • collimation optics Means that collimate light in at least a radial degree of freedom are referred to in the context of the present invention as collimation optics.
  • means which may be viewed as corresponding to the distribution optics must of necessity be significantly thicker in an axial direction than the prior art means which correspond to the present invention's collimation optics. This will result in a light distribution means constructed in accordance with prior art principles for a particular light shaping other application being significantly thicker than such means constructed in accordance with the present invention.
  • the present invention will allow integration of means for producing a given light distribution into an architectural member. For example, a shelf may be provided which produces illumination on areas or items below it.
  • a ceiling or wall panel that would be otherwise totally impractical due to its thickness may be produced with dimensions for maximizing flexibility in its utilization.
  • Use of a high efficiency high intensity light source is permitted from which light may be distributed over a broad area or into a plurality or separate volumes with minimized glare and lamps not being visible.
  • illumination means of the type described which may be embodied in an low profile architectural devices with respect to a surface to which it is mounted.
  • the distribution optics may provide a plurality of different forms of illumination or separately directed volumes of light of a similar type of illumination. It is also another object to provide illumination means of the type described in which the containment optics and or the distribution optics may be formed to receive and transmit a plurality of different forms of illumination or separately directed volumes of light of a similar type of illumination. It is a further object of the present invention in one form to provide compound radial collimators to provide highly efficient capture of radiant flux form the source.
  • illumination systems of the type described to spread illumination from an aperture in illumination means of the type described, whereby glare is reduced. It is still another object to provide illumination means of the type described which can shape light to meet constraints of a particular environment by selection of interacting forms of collimation and distribution optics.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide efficiently distributed illumination from a compact luminaire-type of lighting.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a lighting arrangement having the ability to vary the crossectional brightness of the light patterned on architural surfaces.
  • Another object of the present invention is to optically radiate heat away from high temperature light sources (such as quartz halogen) in order to lower the ambient operating temperature in proximity to the light source.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide high efficiency and high performance lighting from a low cost luminaire.
  • an illumination means including radial light collimation optics, containment optics and distribution optics for shaping light to illuminate space.
  • the radial collimation means is formed to shape light from a quasi point source into a shape which may be viewed as a cylinder or as a disc extending in a radial direction and having a thickness in the axial direction.
  • the containment optics contains and directs light efficiently to the distribution optics.
  • the containment optics controls axial dispersion with respect to distance from the collimation optics. Light is contained within the axial dimension to limit axial dispersion. This provides the capability to maintain efficiency and, where desired, to minimize the axial dimension of the system of the present invention.
  • Distribution optics are radially outward of the collimation means.
  • Containment optics may be a physical bridge between collimation optics and distribution optics.
  • the containment means may be a structural member.
  • the distribution optics may be concentric with the radial collimation means, or may comprise discrete elements.
  • the distribution optics modulate light, directing and shaping it to fill selected spaces.
  • Distribution optics may be formed to spread illumination from an aperture, whereby glare is reduced. Modifications may be made to the collimation optics to facilitate maximum capture of radiant flux from the source.
  • the collimation optics means is segmented to provide sectors of radiation for coupling to each of various forms of containment optics and distribution optics.
  • the collimation optics may be segmented and may provide more than one form of collimation.
  • Distribution optics may also be segmented. Further means may be provided for mixing and distributing light from more than one quasi point source so that waveband or other source characteristics may be mixed.
  • Figures 1 through 3 are each an elevation in cross section illustrating a different form of collimation optics.
  • Figure 4 is an elevation in cross section illustrating collimation and containment optics.
  • Figure 5 is an elevation in cross section illustrating optics performing a number of functions.
  • Figures 6, 7, and 8 are an axonometric view and plan views respectively of different forms of segmented collimation optics.
  • Figures 9, 10 and 11 are respectively an axonometric view, partially broken away, and a plan view and an elevation, each in cross section, illustrating a compound beam collimator including segmenting in the collimation optics.
  • Figure 12 is an axonometric view, partially broken away, of a system comprising an alternative form of containment optics.
  • Figures 13 is a view similar to Figure 12 incorporating further containment optics in light distribution means.
  • Figure 14 is a partial, detail view of alternative light distribution means for use in the embodiment of Figure 13.
  • Figures 15, 16 and 17 are each an axonometric view, partially broken away, illustrating a separate embodiment utilizing light bridging means extending from an element in collimation optics.
  • Figure 18 illustrates containment optics including two parts, a solid bridge linking collimation optics and distribution optics as well as a containment ring lens.
  • Figure 19 illustrates physical bridging from collimation means to containment means.
  • Figure 20 is an axonometric view with diametric cross section of a compact system suited for distributing light on a surface for secondary illumination.
  • Figure 21 is an elevation of the embodiment of Figure 20 installed to an architectural surface.
  • Figure 22 is an illustration similar to that of Figure 20 illustrating an alternative embodiment in which distribution optics are reflective rather than refractive.
  • Figure 23 is a an elevation in cross section of a collimation and distribution means employing a light containment optics between the collimation and distribution optics.
  • Figures 23A and 23B illustrate alternate forms of exit apertures from distribution optics.
  • Figure 24 is an axonometric view of a system mounted to a transmissive architectural panel.
  • Figure 25 is a perspective view illustrating an embodiment according to either of Figures 23 or 24 in use.
  • Figure 26 is an axonometric view with a diametric cross section illustrating a system similar to that of Figure 23 which utilizes a collimation optics of Figure 5.
  • Figure 27 and 28 are a cross sectional elevation and an axonometric view of a system with segmented distribution optics suitable for installation to an architectural panel.
  • Figure 29a and 29b illustrate alternative light exit means for inclusion in the embodiment of Figures 27 and 28.
  • Figures 30 and 31 are a cross sectional elevation and an axonometric view of another form of system with segmented distribution optics suitable for installation to an architectural panel.
  • Figure 32 is a perspective view illustrating an embodiment according to either of Figures 30 and 31 in use.
  • Figure 33 illustrates alternative light exit means for inclusion in the embodiment of Figures 30 and 31 for changing the shape of light directed from the linear distribution optics segments.
  • Figures 34 and 35 are a cross sectional elevation and an axonometric view of another form of system with multiple, concentric distribution optics members of differing axial dimensions suitable for installation to an architectural panel.
  • Figure 36 is a perspective view illustrating an embodiment according to either of Figures 34 and 35 in use.
  • Figures 37 and 38 are a cross sectional elevation and an axonometric view, partially broken away, of another form of system with reflective distribution optics members.
  • Figure 39 is a partial detail view illustrating alternative exit means for the light distribution means of Figure 37.
  • Figures 40, 41, 42 are each an axonometric view with diametric cross section of a separate embodiment of distribution optics containing multiple light directing elements, with Figures 41 and 42 illustrating solid containment optics.
  • Figures 43 and 43A are a cross sectional elevation and an axonometric view, partially broken away, of another form of system with reflective containment optics and refractive ring distribution optics members.
  • Figure 44 is a partial cross sectional detail illustrating an alternative to the embodiment of Figure 43 in which the distribution optics comprises multiple refractive members.
  • Figure 45 is a cross sectional elevation of an embodiment incorporating concentric refracting rings for segmenting transmitted light in the distribution optics.
  • Figures 46 and 47 are a cross sectional elevation and an axonometric view of another form of system suitable for installation to an architectural panel with segmented reflective distribution optics;
  • Figures 48 and 49 are a cross sectional elevation and an axonometric view of another form of system suitable for installation to an architectural panel with segmented reflective distribution optics wherein shadow eliminating light patterns are provided.
  • Figures 50 and 51 are each a perspective illustration of a system according to the present invention providing both radial and cylindrical collimation and suitable for inclusion in architectural panels as well as having the ability to be suspended in space and wherein containment means are shaped to match the output from collimation means.
  • Figures 52, 53 and 54 are each a perspective view of a different form of system which can be utilized as a table lamp and wherein a different form of distribution optics provides a particular form of light distribution.
  • Figure 55 is a perspective view of a system similar to that of Figures 52-54 but wherein multiple forms of collimation are provided.
  • Figure 56 is a partial detail view of Figure 55, partially broken away, illustrating collimation optics means for delivering light.
  • Figure 57 is an axonometric view of an embodiment in which distribution optics comprises a parabolic or ellipsoidal reflector, which may have a flat, spherical or aspherical surface in the axial, or vertical, dimension.
  • Figure 58 is a plan view of an embodiment in which the collimator in collimation optics is modified to provide conventional collimation within the segment which is not reflected.
  • Figure 59 is a cross sectional plan view of an embodiment in which a reflector intercepts forwardly directed radially collimated light and redirects it toward the distribution optics.
  • Figure 60 is a cross sectional plan view of a system including a horizontally disposed lamp providing radiant energy.
  • Figure 61 is an axonometric illustration of a system including a solid block of refracting material in the distribution optics portion is formed.
  • Figures 62 and 63 are respectively an axonometric an a plan illustration of embodiments respectively corresponding to Figures 59 and 59 respectively and further including means for bi-directional transmission in a given planar degree of freedom.
  • Figure 64 is an axonometric illustration of an embodiment which can be contained in the envelope of a rectangular parallelepiped and comprises multiple light sources.
  • Figures 65, 66 and 67 each show different forms of exit means that may be included in the embodiment of Figure 64.
  • Figure 68 is an alternate form of the embodiment of Figure 64 continuous contours may be used to shape the boundary of the distribution optics and exit means.
  • Figure 69 is an axonometric view, partially broken away wherein distribution optics comprises a shaped, axially extending band surrounding the radial collimation means.
  • Figures 70 and 71 are a cross sectional elevation and an axonometric view, partially broken away of another form of system suitable for installation to an architectural member comprising a ceiling panel.
  • Figures 72 through 75 are each a view of means for mixing light from more than one source for distribution in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 76A is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention showing a circular luminarie with the parts positioned for mono-directional lighting.
  • FIG. 76B is a cross-sectional view of the circular luminaire of FIG. 76A with the parts positioned for bi-directional light.
  • FIG. 77A is a cross-sectional view of a circular luminaire (similar to the one shown in FIGS. 76) with a variation in the cross-sections of the reflectors and showing the parts positioned for mono-directional lighting.
  • FIG.77B is a cross-sectional view of the circular luminarie of FIG. 77A with the parts positioned for bi-directional lighting.
  • FIG. 78A is an isometric view of a luminaire containing elements for variably segmented illumination into bi-directional lighting.
  • FIGS.78B, 78C, 78C are plan views of the luminaire shown in FIG. 78A illustrating changes in rotational relationships required for altering the ratio of brightness or pattern in the segmented illumination.
  • FIG. 79A is a cross-sectional view of a luminaire whose components are positioned for one type of cross-sectional brightness of the projected light emanating from the luminarie lighting.
  • FIG.79B is a cross-sectional view of the luminaire of FIG.79A whose components are positioned for another type of cross-sectional brightness of the projected light.
  • FIGS. 80A and 80B are cross-sectional views of a luminaire whose components are variably positioned in relation to each other for varying the ratio of segmentation of light as well as changing the crossectional brightness of the beam.
  • FIG. 81A is a cross-sectional view of a luminaire as shown in FIG. 76Awith the addition of optical elements which further control light distribution and resulting diffusion.
  • FIG. 8 IB is a cross-sectional view of a luminaire similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. 81A, providing further light control using a movable reflector.
  • FIG. 81C is a cross-sectional view of the luminaire shown in FIG. 81B in which the movable reflector is in a different position.
  • FIG. 8 ID is a cross-sectional view of a luminarie similar to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 81C and 81D which further includes a curved lower reflector, with the movable reflector in an upper position.
  • FIG. 81E is a cross-sectional view of the luminaire shown in FIG. 81D with the movable reflector shown in a lower position.
  • FIG. 82A is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating various components of a circular luminaire that provide an alternate method of changing the ratio of brightness of illumination projected toward ceiling and floor.
  • FIG. 82B is an isometric view of a luminarie similar to that of FIG. 82A showing further details including the structure for moving the reflector.
  • FIG. 83 is a cross-sectional view of a luminaire similar to FIG. 81 illustrating the use of the components to lower the operating temperature of the area surrounding the lamp.
  • FIG. 84 is a schematic view of a torchierre lamp which has heat reduction and light distribution functions.
  • FIG. 85 is a cross-secional view showing an alternate reflector shape to that shown in FIG.76A.
  • FIG. 86A is a cross-sectional view of a circular luminaire having a primary reflector comprised of geometrically or randomly placed concave or convex surfaces.
  • FIGS. 86B and 86C are partial isometric views of primary reflectors showing two types of surfacing which may be used with the circular luminaire of FIG. 86A.
  • FIG. 87 is a cross-sectional view of a luminaire showing the reflector in the form of spaced slats and an upper reflector above the light source.
  • FIG. 88 is a cross-sectional view of a luminarie showing two reflectors and an upper reflector above the light source.
  • FIG. 89A is a cross-sectional view of a radilaly directed lighting arrangement depending ffrom a ceiling and having outer refracting surfaces with a reflector shown in its lower position.
  • FIG. 89B is a cross-sectional view of the arrangement shown in FIG. 89A with the reflector shown in a higher position.
  • FIG. 89C is an isometric view of the arrangement shown in FIG. 89A.
  • FIG. 89D is an isometric view of the arrangement shown in FIG. 89B.
  • FIG. 89E is an isometric view similar to FIGS. 89B and 89C, showing a track mounted arrangement.
  • FIG. 89F is an isometric view similar to FIGS. 89A and 89B, showing a track mounted arrangement.
  • FIG. 90A is an isometric view of a negatively fluted reflector.
  • FIG. 90B is an isometric view of a positively fluted reflector.
  • FIG. 90C is a broken isometric view of a serially concave reflector.
  • FIG. 90D is a broken isometric view of a serially convex reflector.
  • FIG. 91 is a broken isometric view of a double reflector with slots.
  • FIG. 91B is a broken isometric view of a double reflector with slots and a ring wedge prism.
  • FIG. 92A is a broken isometric view of a double elongated reflector with slots and arranged for longitudinal movement.
  • FIG. 92B is an isometric view of a double elongated reflector with slots and arranged for circumferential movement.
  • FIG. 92C is an isometric view of a double elongated reflector with holes and which may be arranged to move longitudinally and/or radially.
  • FIG. 93 is an isometric view of a bowl-shaped double reflector with holes.
  • FIG. 94 is an isometric view showing one manner of connecting the reflector with other structure without producing shadows from the support structure.
  • FIGS. 95A, 95B and 95C are diagrammatic views of three different positions of a light source with respect to collimating means in an arrangement where they are movable with respect to each other along a center axis.
  • FIG. 96 is a schematic isometric view of a room having track mounted lighting using the types shown in FIGS. 89A, 89B, 89C, 89D, 89E and 89F.
  • the present invention provides for use of radially collimated light for illumination of space.
  • the use of shaped, radially collimated light is in contrast to the common prior art use of down-lights or other lighting devices providing only cylindrically collimated light.
  • Radially collimated light lends itself to shaping by distribution optics.
  • the present invention will provide for many forms of distribution and shaping of radially collimated light.
  • both radially and cylindrically collimated light may be distributed to meet specific lighting requirements.
  • the collimation optics may provide a segmented output with selected segments having differing, rates and shapes of divergence. All or less than the entire angular extent of the source may be radially collimated.
  • containment optics limit dispersion of light in an axial dimension with respect to radial distance from the source and the collimation means.
  • Containment optics controls divergence and efficiently directs light from collimation optics to distribution optics. It also may structurally connect collimation and distribution optics and further may unify structurally the collimation optics and distribution optics to create an architectural member.
  • Containment optics can be in the form of a refractive ring, internally reflective surfaces in a hollow member or totally internally reflective surfaces in a solid, a structural member or an architectural surface.
  • distribution optics transform the radially collimated light into the desired shape for spatial illumination.
  • the present specification begins with a description of collimation optics prior a description of the interactions with containment means and distribution optics.
  • a radial collimator, including collimation optics means, is provided.
  • Substantially omni-directional light is directed into a radial degree of freedom of freedom over an axial range corresponding to the axial range over which an entrance aperture of the collimator intercepts light from the source.
  • Distribution optics means receive light from the collimation optics for reshaping and distribution.
  • a ring collimator can have a cross section of an asphere or a Fresnel lens.
  • a particular type of ring can be matched to the structural requirement of a particular modulator included in distribution optics.
  • the distribution device comprised of the distribution optics is remote from the collimation optics.
  • a conveyance or transmission area is intermediate the collimation and distribution optics. While there is latitude in the degree of remoteness between the collimation and the distribution optics, it is important that the containment optics interacts to capture the collimated light and direct to the distribution optics so that efficiency is maintained.
  • efficiency is determined by the following: the "f ' number of the lens itself and the ratio H/P, the height H of the ring lens and the size P of the radiant arc comprising the quasi-point source in the lamp, and efficiency of the lens.
  • Figures 1 through 3 are each an elevation in cross section illustrating a different form of collimation optics comprising a collimator 10.
  • Figure 4 illustrates a compound ring lens structure performing further functions.
  • Figure 5 is an elevation in cross section illustrating compound collimation optics.
  • a ring lens 12 also referred to as a collimating ring 12, or ring 12, that can be used in collimation optics.
  • a highly desirable form is one having a minimum "f number, "f" number is ratio of the radius from a radiant energy quasi point source 1, here comprising a metal halide lamp 2, to the face of the ring 12 divided by the height of the ring 12.
  • height is dimension in the axial direction.
  • the axis defining the axial direction is an axis 11 about which the ring 12 is concentric.
  • the arc provided by the lamp 2 lies on the axis 11.
  • a radially inner surface 14 of the ring 12 is close enough to the source 1 to catch a large part of the radial flux of the lamp 2.
  • a value of "f ' ⁇ 1 is commonly acceptable . Light exits from a radially outward surface 16.
  • the ring 12 may have a section that may be aspheric, spherical, or may comprise a Fresnel lens that is spherical or aspheric.
  • This first type of collimator allows for a portion of the radial flux of the lamp to leave the confines of the ring. In this case the light may be directed in another pattern separate from the radial pattern.
  • the efficiency and accuracy of the front surface and the back surface of the ring lens 12 affects efficiency of the collimation optics.
  • the front surface is the outer surface 16, which is an exit aperture for collimation optics
  • the back surface is the inner surface 14, which is an entrance aperture of the collimation optics.
  • Lens surface efficiency and accuracy are functions of lens manufacture and do not form a part of the present invention. They relate to smoothness of surface and accuracy of the shape provided by the lens manufacturer.
  • the lens also is affected by the clarity of the glass from which it is constructed. They provide for uniformity of cross section of the transmitted light beam. They are relevant to the lens selection one skilled in the art would make to implement the present invention.
  • an inner surface 14' is provided which is convex, and improves upon light collection compared to the embodiment of
  • an outer surface 16' of the lens ring 12 may have a Fresnel cross section.
  • the use of a solid aspheric ring as in Figure 1 in order to keep the ratio H/P high, the ring lens might have to be inordinately large, difficult to handle and expensive.
  • a Fresnel ring provides for a larger effective height while maintaining a limited actual height.
  • Multiple lens collimators may be used to increase efficiency, as illustrated in the embodiment of Figure 4, which also includes containment means.
  • a compound ring lens 12 comprising, for example, first and second rings 12a and 12b, may be used.
  • a multiple lens ring may be used to form or to cause the radiating beam to be convergent. This can be significant in some forms in that it enables the use of distribution optics of reduced size in the axial dimension.
  • some percentage of the radiant flux is allowed to leave through the central apertures of the ring in a vertical degree of freedom. In some applications, this is highly desirable in that down-lighting is provided in addition to radial collimation.
  • the embodiment of Figure 5 illustrates a compound radial collimator which employs two simultaneously occurring methods of radial collimation.
  • the first method is performed by the spherical or aspheric ring section 12.
  • the other is performed by a refracting ring 20 which is internally reflective.
  • the refracting ring 20 has a parabolic or ellipsoidal section.
  • the inner diameter of the ring 20 is substantially in radial registration with the ring 12, and the ring 20 surrounds the ring 12 in the axial degree of freedom.
  • Figures 6 and 7 are an axonometric illustration and a plan view respectively of a segmented collimation ring.
  • First and second ring lens segments 21 and 22 concentric with the axis 11 lie on selected arcs. These arcs may be symmetrical about the axis 11.
  • Remaining segments around the source 2 are each subtended by a conventional lens 24 and 26.
  • the lenses 24 and 26 may each be spherical, aspherical or a flat window.
  • distributed light from the lens ring segments 21 and 22 is radially collimated.
  • the light from the lenses 24 and 26 is cylindrically collimated, and may be provided to lineal distribution means.
  • Figure 8 is a plan view illustrating that a different number of segments of radial collimation means, here 21, 21a, 22 and 22a may be provided.
  • each round lens interspersed between two ring lens segments is truncated in order to achieve efficiency in terms of catching a majority of the radial flux.
  • one or more refractive segments may be replaced with a reflector 28 directing radiant flux back through the quasi point source to amplify the lumen output of the refracting lens which is at an angular distance of 180 degrees from the reflector. The substitution may be done in ring sections or the common lens sections.
  • Figures 9, 10 and 11 are respectively an axonometric view partially broken away of another form of the collimator 10, a plan view in cross section taken along lines X-X of Figure 9, and a cross section in elevation taken along lines XI-XI of Figure 9.
  • This embodiment is a further form based on the embodiment of Figure 5.
  • the compound optical radial collimator 10 includes a collimating ring 12, and refracting ring 20 in order to capture substantially 100% of the radial flux of lamp 2. Additionally, part of the radiant flux could be collimated by one or more of the lenses 26 for lineal distribution by other means (not shown) as discussed above with respect to
  • radial bores 30 are each formed extending through the ring section 12 to receive each lens 26.
  • the lenses 26, which may be spherical or aspheric and preferably plano-convex, are each mounted in a bore 30 with its plane surface adjacent the inner diameter 14 of the ring 12.
  • the diameter of each lens is selected preferably so that a small "f ' number is provided for the lens portions of the collimator as well as the ring portions.
  • Figure 12 is an axonometric view broken away to show an elevation in cross-section.
  • Figure 12 may also be viewed as a further form of the embodiment of Figure 5.
  • a third element 36 which is a ring section 36, radially surrounds the rings 12 and 20 to receive the radiant flux projected therefrom and contain it in the axial dimension.
  • the rings 12 20 and 36 are formed to be unitary. However, they may also be formed of discrete sections.
  • the ring 36 has a taper so that as distance from the source 1 increases in the radial direction, thickness of the ring 36 decreases in an axial direction.
  • the axial thickness of an exit aperture 38 is one third the axial thickness of the first ring 12.
  • the axial thickness of the ring 36 is substantially less than the axial dimension of the first ring 12. This is done for the purpose of coupling light from a ring collimator 10 so that the ring 36 acts as containment optics, and the exit aperture 38 comprises distribution optics.
  • the ring 36 may also be a conveyance means delivering light to further distribution optics.
  • An example of this construction is illustrated in Figure 13, which is an axonometric view partially broken away and illustrating a cross sectional elevation.
  • the further distribution optics is an outer ring 44 having a radially inner surface 46 and an exit means comprising the face 48 from which light exits.
  • Light leaving the conveyance means comprising the ring 36 leaves the exit aperture 38 and enters the ring 44 through the inner surface 46.
  • the outer face 48 could be sand blasted or otherwise treated, as with hydrofluoric acid to provide diffused light.
  • upper and lower surfaces of the ring 44 may comprise optically modulating surfaces which allow light to leak out depending on its degree of collimation.
  • the upper and lower surfaces may be formed to be specular in order to convey rather than diffuse light.
  • the exit means comprises a face 48' which is not perpendicular to exit light rays.
  • Figure 15 is also an axonometric view broken away to illustrate an elevation in cross section.
  • Another form 50 of ring collimator 10 includes a collimation ring section 12 that is spherical or aspheric and a distribution optics 59 comprising a lens ring 60 that is concentric with the collimation ring 12.
  • the secondary ring 60 has a convex or bi-convex section and acts as containment means and has a radially outer exit aperture 61.
  • the first and second rings 12 and 60 are joined by a radially extending, annular bridge portion 63 having substantially the same index of refraction.
  • the bridge 63 utilizes light that is already parallel (collimated) and provides for direct transmission with substantially no losses at the transition interfaces to and from ring members 12 and 60.
  • the bridge 63 is a component providing structural and optical connection between adjacent rings.
  • the bridge section 63 need have no minimum radial length.
  • the bridging may be done with an axially central portion which also forms the axially central portions of the other light distributing components.
  • concentric rings 12 and 60 minimizes divergence of the radial beam. This operation is superior operation compared to that provided by the use of compound lenses for collimating. It known that the use of compound lenses is a prior art alternative for the purpose of minimizing divergence. However, compound lenses are often inefficient due to reflective and refractive losses at each of many surfaces. In accordance with the present invention, divergence is minimized while transmission losses are also minimized.
  • the lens rings 12 and 60 are of substantially equal axial dimensions and spaced a radial distance apart so that light is contained in the axial dimension. Therefore, efficiency is maintained in that substantially all the radiant flux of the lamp 2 is directed to the exit aperture 61 while the axial dimension of the light distribution system is minimized.
  • Figure 16 represents an embodiment formed with an additional outer ring 66 that is unitary with the collimator 50.
  • Light from the source enters a convex surface at the inner face 14' of the inner ring 12.
  • the entrance means 14' at the inner diameter of the ring collimator 50 may be a combination of concave and convex surfaces.
  • the embodiment of Figure 17, a partial detail view, may provide for a higher degree of radial collimation due to the formation of the entrance means 14".
  • the bridging may be done with an axially central portion 63 also forming the axially central portions of the other light distributing components.
  • Figure 18 is an axonometric view of another form of light distributing ring in with an outer ring 66'.
  • An annular disc 64 projects radially in registration with the position of the bridge portion 63.
  • An exit aperture 38' has surfaces comprising a portion of the distribution optics. Projecting from either side of the disc 64 are prism rings 65 which are concentric and of varying diameter for intercepting radially directed light from the collimator 50 and directing the light away from the distribution means.
  • the bridge portion 63 may be viewed as being eliminated or as having a zero length.
  • the containment optics includes the bridge 63 and disc 64 and the second lens ring 60.
  • Figure 19 illustrates an embodiment in which a ring element 66' is provided which is also unitary with the collimation optics 50.
  • a first and a second wedge element 67a and 67b may each diverge from a base 73 comprising an entrance aperture at a radially inner end of the ring 66'.
  • the wedge elements 67a and 67b have radial exit apertures 68a and 68b respectively.
  • the substantial majority of radially collimated light is directed for distribution and is split into two parallel, radial discs. It is possible to optically feed a plurality of parallel plates, here, first and second plates 70a and 70b, which will be light conveyors, distributors, and/or distribution optics, depending on how they are used.
  • the plates 70a and 70b each have radially inner surface extending in an axial degree of freedom comprising an entrance aperture 71a and 71b respectively in registration with the exit apertures 68a and 68b from containment means.
  • the ring 66' is a light dividing containment ring with both the entrance aperture 73 and bridge 63 providing inputs.
  • the secondary ring 60 has an outer refracting surface 61. The smallest variation in the angled refracting surface 61 has an inordinate effect on the divergence of the distributed light.
  • the wedge shaped optics ring 60 redirects the light it receives from a radial direction toward an adjacent architectural surface, resulting in a radial pattern of indirect illumination.
  • the embodiment of Figure 20 shows that space may be indirectly lighted by a radial collimator mounted within a refractive wedge ring to redirect the radial beam into a
  • Belleville washer shape of selected thickness. This shape can also be described as a conical cylinder or a solid of revolution derived from rotating a parallelogram around an axis.
  • the light is delivered to a ceiling, wall or other surface for indirect distribution. Prior art fixtures must be displaced from a ceiling in order to "wash" the surface with light.
  • the present invention as illustrated in Figure 21, which is an elevation, permits a fixture 78 incorporating the system 10 to be flush with a ceiling 79.
  • the lamp 2 may be mounted so that it is not visible in use. Glare is thus reduced compared to incandescent or fluorescent lamps.
  • the distribution optics 59 comprises reflective means.
  • Co-axially mounted annular plates 74 in the present forms, two plates 74a and 74b intercept light transmitted from the lens ring 12 for further distribution.
  • Figure 23 is a cross sectional elevation of an embodiment wherein the distribution optics 59 comprises a triangular prism ring 80.
  • Either an aspherical or a composite radial collimator ring lens 12 may be used.
  • the system 10 is mounted in a shallow cylindrical fixture 85 having an upper surface 86 having a reflective inner surface 88 extending radially around the source 1 and positioned axially immediately above the prism ring 80.
  • the prism ring 80 has a surface 89 directing light to an exit aperture 90, which is flat.
  • Figures 23A and 23B each respectively illustrate exit apertures 90' and 90" which are concave and convex. This device substitutes for what would normally be consider a down- light.
  • a down-light generally provides a single cone of light.
  • Figure 24 illustrates in axonometric form the embodiment of Figure 23 with the upper surface 86 removed.
  • Radially disposed structural ribs 93 are mounted on the upper surface of a transmissive architectural member, which may be a transparent ceiling panel 94.
  • the panel 94 acts as containment optics and includes exit aperture means. Containment optics limit divergence in the axial direction.
  • the containment optics may be a hollow chamber with internally reflecting surfaces or a solid member utilizing total internal reflection. Containment optics may end at an entrance aperture of distribution optics to provide for optical functioning of the system and to provide for mechanical connection of the collimation and distribution optics.
  • the containment means may extend radially beyond the distribution optics, for example to form a shape such as serving as an architectural member.
  • the resulting light distribution is in the form of a cylinder whose walls are diverging. Rather than forming a single cone as in a down-light, the resulting pattern is the integral of wedges each originating at a point on the refracting ring.
  • the distribution here is in the form of a cylinder of walls of increasing thickness with distance from the modulation means.
  • the section is a triangle.
  • the divergence of the cylindrical wall thickness of the triangular walls of the illumination pattern is controlled by the internally reflective surface 88 in the distribution optics 59.
  • Figure 25 shows a potential photometric distribution of this optical combination in perspective. Photometries could be shown in the form of geometry or brightness of the beam at different location at varying distances from the source and varying in position across the beam.
  • a down-light has a focal point plus light spread from uncaptured rays.
  • the illumination in Figure 25 comprises the above-described shape of a cylinder with walls diverging at an outer diameter and converging at an inner diameter. This shape may also be explained as a truncated cone. A second cone projects downwardly from the plane at which the first cone is truncated. That second cone has no light in it. Coverage is dependent on the rate of divergence of light leaving the secondary optic. Floor coverage will vary also vary with the shape of the exit means 90 as illustrated in Figures 23 A and 23B. The f number of the radially collimating portion and the conventional lens portions are substantially equal. Consequently, efficiency in capturing light from the source is achieved. Such an apparatus functions to distribute radially collimated light for modulation as described below.
  • This type of illumination may be in the form of a projected spotlight or in the form of lineally divergent ring of illumination.
  • the divergence between the cylinder walls may be controlled by changing or by making any or all of the surfaces of the secondary prism ring convex, concave or a combination of both.
  • Figure 26 which is an axonometric view broken away along a diameter, illustrates an embodiment similar to that of Figure 24, but wherein the collimation optics 10 comprises compound collimation means as in the embodiment of Figure 5.
  • Figures 27 and 28 illustrate in cross sectional and axonometric form, respectively, a further form of distribution means in which the secondary optical ring of the distribution optics 59 may be geometrically segmented into segments
  • the segments 100 and 102 of the ring of distribution optics 59 may continuously surround the radial collimator 12 while the segments 100 lie on a first concentric circle, and the segments 102 lie on another concentric circle.
  • Segments in differing concentric bands may be used to provide different rates of divergence.
  • the outer ring segments 102 may have a concave exit aperture as seen in cross-section in Figure 29a to provide a more rapid rate of divergence.
  • the inner ring segments 100 may have a convex exit aperture 90" as seen in cross-section in Figure 29b to provide a more concentrated illumination on the opposing surface at which the light strikes.
  • Figures 30 and 31 are a cross-sectional elevation and an axonometric view of another form of system with segmented distribution optics suitable for installation to an architectural panel.
  • Figure 32 is a perspective view illustrating an embodiment according to either of Figures 30 and 31 in use.
  • outer segments 102' are non-concentric. They are straight. This embodiment is suited for redistributing light for specific tasks. In Figure 32, one such specific task is illustrated. It is desired to illuminate the center of the room 99 as well as to direct illumination to two opposed work surfaces 104 in the form of lineal bands of light rather than cones. In this case, light is shaped, or contoured to fit the surface onto which it is projected.
  • the radially inner surfaces of the distribution optics may be faceted, resolved into facets 105, each subtending a selected angular extent and each at a selected angle to the vertical, to further shape the resulting light pattern.
  • facets will prevent sideways light scattering.
  • Facets provide surfaces perpendicular to incident light so that the face angle of the prism is relatively perpendicular to the radially collimated light. In this manner, the angle of incidence is minimized.
  • the distribution optics further aid the shaping of the lineal light pattern.
  • Figures 34 and 35 are a cross-sectional elevation and an axonometric view of another form of system with multiple, concentric distribution optics members of differing axial dimensions suitable for installation to an architectural panel 94, which, in part, contains the light within the axial dimensions.
  • Figure 36 is a perspective view illustrating an embodiment according to either of Figures 34 and 35 in use. In Figures 34 and 35, a combination of features of Figure 20 and
  • Figure 22 is used.
  • the light from the radial collimator 10 is, in effect, divided in an axial direction and directed toward two secondary optical rings 106 and 108 comprising the distribution optics 59 and intercepting a differing portion of the axial extent of the radial collimated light.
  • the ring 106 has a canted outer surface 107 to create a canted disc as in Figure 20, while the ring 108 has an internally reflective surface 109 formed to create a cone, as in the embodiment of Figure 24.
  • the illumination directed from the outer ring 106 will be indirect since it will foreseeably hit an adjacent architectural surface prior to illuminating persons or things in a room. In Figure 36, both direct and indirect illumination of the area beneath the lighting panel is provided.
  • a radially extending plate 105 may be placed against the axially inward surface of the ring 108 so as to further comprise segmented containment means.
  • Figures 37 and 38 are a cross-sectional elevation and an axonometric view, partially broken away, of another form of system with reflective distribution optics members.
  • Figure 39 is a partial detail view illustrating alternative exit means for the light distribution means of Figure 37.
  • the radial illumination from the collimator 10 is further controlled by reflective discs 110 and 112 which comprise a fixture containing the light distribution system.
  • the disc 110 forms a shallow cone intermediate the collimation optics 12 and the distribution optics 59 and acts as light containment means which reflects incident light to the distribution optics 59.
  • the disc 112 surrounds and further concentrates the light in the distribution optics 59, in this case on to a reflective ring comprising the inner surface 113 of the disc 112.
  • the reflective ring may or may not be constructed as part of the shallow reflective cone. As seen in Figures 37 and 38, light is modulated by reflectors rather than refractors. In Figure 39, a straight, canted reflective surface 113' is provided rather than a continuously curved surface.
  • Figures 40, 41, and 42 are each an axonometric view with diametric cross section of a separate embodiment of distribution optics containing multiple light directing elements. In Figures 40, 41 and 42, further forms of distribution optics
  • Figure 40 shows axially stacked concentric refractive rings 120 of differing diameters.
  • Figure 41 shows a single, stepped refractive disc 124 which may be considered to be similar to a plurality of rings 120 formed unitarily with a common inner diameter.
  • Figure 42 shows a single stepped refractive disc
  • Figures 41 and 42 disclose solid containment means.
  • Figures 43 and 43A are a cross-sectional elevation and an axonometric view, partially broken away, of another form of system with shallow conical reflective means 140 which reflects light to distribution optics members comprising concentric prism rings 144.
  • Light from the radial collimator 10 is divided in the axial dimension. One portion of the light is directed toward the reflective surface 142 of a shallow cone 140.
  • the center prism ring catches a greater proportionate share of light from the radial collimator as shown.
  • concentric prism rings 144' may be provided having varying, successively increasing axial dimensions as in Figure 44, a partial cross sectional illustration.
  • the resulting illumination is in the form of concentric diverging rings.
  • Figure 45 is a partial cross sectional detail illustrating an alternative to the embodiment of Figure 43 in which light is refracted by a prism ring 152 rather being reflected to distribution optics for distribution.
  • Figures 46 and 47 are a cross-sectional elevation and an axonometric view, partially broken away, of another form of system suitable for installation to an architectural panel with segmented reflective distribution optics.
  • Concentrically disposed, axially displaced reflectors 160 each similar to the reflector cones 110 and 112 of the embodiment of Figure 37.
  • a central aperture of each succeedingly larger diameter reflector registers with the outer diameter of the preceding reflector.
  • Parallel axially displaced, radially disposed plates 162 comprises segmented containment optics surrounding the collimation means.
  • Figures 48 and 49 are a cross-sectional elevation and an axonometric view of another form of system suitable for installation to an architectural panel 94 (for example, of the type disclosed in FIGS. 23 and 24) with segmented reflective distribution optics wherein shadow eliminating light patterns are provided.
  • the light is redirected as to form overlapping shapes on a preselected surface.
  • a reflective disc 170 is divided into sectors each subtending a preselected arc surrounding the source. In the present embodiment, each disc segment subtends 45 degrees, and the segments resemble a chrysanthemum pattern. Reflecting surfaces 172 at each exit aperture segment and redirect light to form a ring of overlapping shape.
  • Figure 50 is a perspective view from above a section of ceiling which may comprise a lighting panel 180 which is transparent, translucent or opaque with light transmitting apertures.
  • the panel 180 acts as an architectural integrator and an optical alignment device.
  • the panel is also the supporting structural element for light distribution means.
  • the light distribution means includes a collimator 10.
  • the collimator is of the segmented type described with respect to Figure 6 above.
  • the collimator of Figure 9 can be used.
  • radial collimation ring segments are concentrically aligned with ring modulating segments.
  • Lens collimation means feed tubes 184, which direct collimated light to optical utilization means as described above.
  • the lighting panel may be included in a system as disclosed in my United States Patent 5,130,908.
  • containment means are shaped to match the output from collimation means.
  • a radial collimator 10 is mounted to a central stand 200.
  • a refracting or reflecting ring 202 is mounted concentrically with the collimator.
  • a containment plate 201 surrounds the collimator 10 at an axial end thereof.
  • the ring 202 provides for diffused, rapidly expanding radial light distribution.
  • the ring section may be bi-convex, bi-concave, circular or be of a thin band of diffusion material. Diffusion material could be fabric or ground glass. Other ring structures could contain beaded or prismatic glass for refraction.
  • Figure 53 utilizes a prismatic ring 202' for up-lights.
  • the embodiment of Figure 54 includes a composite ring 202" having first and second ring members 203 and 204 surrounding the collimator and axially adjacent, i.e. as seen in Figure 54, one is on top of the other. Both up-lighting and down-lighting are provided. It is within the teachings of the present invention to provide any combination of selected ring members, each for its purpose as described above.
  • FIG. 55 the central collimator 10 is modified to provide multiple collimation.
  • Figure 56 is a detailed view, partially broken away to illustrate radial bores 19 which each receive a lens 18.
  • conventional collimation is provided from each lens, while radial collimation is provided from the remainder of the collimator.
  • each lens 18 feeds a containment means, which may be a tube 210, having utilization means 214 coupled thereto.
  • the utilization means 214 may comprise a sphere containing a mirror lens combination.
  • FIG 57 is an axonometric view of an embodiment in which distribution optics comprises a parabolic or ellipsoidal reflector, which may have a flat, spherical or aspherical surface in the axial, or vertical, dimension;
  • Figure 58 is a plan view of an embodiment in which the collimator in collimation optics is modified to provide conventional collimation within the segment which is not reflected;
  • Figure 59 is a cross sectional plan view of an embodiment in which a reflector intercepts and redirects forwardly directed radially collimated light;
  • Figure 60 is a cross sectional plan view of a system including a horizontally disposed lamp providing radiant energy; and
  • Figure 61 is an axonometric illustration of a system including a solid block of refracting material in the distribution optics portion is formed.
  • a single element or multi-element radial collimator 10 may be used.
  • the cylinder of light produced by the collimator is directed toward a parabolic or ellipsoidal reflector 240, which may have a flat, spherical or aspherical surface in the axial, or vertical, dimension.
  • the reflected rays form a collimated beam whose cross-section is in the from of a rectangle and which is collimated in one direction parallel to a radius.
  • the transverse dimension is in substantially constant proportion to the axial dimension.
  • the non-reflected rays which leave the radial collimator 10 provide for illumination angularly displaced from the selected radius. The extent of angular coverage can be determined by the extent of the reflector.
  • the radial disc projection is altered by the distribution optics, the reflector, from a 360 degree pattern to a pattern that is unidirectional in a selected planar degree of freedom.
  • Such a construction may be utilized to produce automobile headlights.
  • headlights have the advantage of being thin in the axial direction, giving flexibility to designers of auto body sections incorporating headlights.
  • radiant energy is directed in a direction in which it is needed. Axial divergence can be provided for if desired by altering the reflective surface to the convex or concave.
  • Figure 58 illustrates an embodiment in which the collimator 10 is modified to provide conventional collimation within the segment which is not reflected.
  • a lens 250 replaces a selected angular extent of the collimator ring 12.
  • a reflector 254 intercepts and redirects the radiant disc of light which has not been directed toward the reflective surface 240. In some cases, it will be desirable to reflect all light rather than mixing reflected and directly transmitted light.
  • the reflector 254 puts light back through the radial collimator 10 so that all light can be collimated in the direction of illumination.
  • the embodiment of Figure 60 provides for a horizontally disposed lamp 2. The axis of the lamp can be in the same plane as the radiant energy.
  • the generalized collimator 10 takes the form of a collimator 260 which is segmented or bored to permit insertion of the metal halide lamp 2.
  • Figure 61 is an illustration of a refractor 266, which is a solid block of refracting material.
  • a front face 268 of the refractor may be shaped as an exit aperture.
  • the reflector 240 may be embodied in a rear surface of the refractor 266. This structure may be suited for use with a metal halide lamp.
  • Figures 62 and 63 are, respectively, an axonometric and a plan illustration of embodiments corresponding to Figures 57 and 58, respectively, and further including means for bi-directional transmission in a given planar degree of freedom.
  • Reflector means 280 (FIG. 62) are provided for bi-directional transmission in a given planar degree of freedom.
  • the radial collimator 10 is placed at a focal point of overlaid, intersecting parabolic or ellipsoidal reflectors
  • Figure 64 is an axonometric illustration of an embodiment which can be contained in the envelope of a rectangular parallelepiped, a shelf 300.
  • This may take the form, for example, of an illuminated shelving system or lighting system to illuminate paintings on a wall.
  • the shelf 300 comprises a member defining the envelope of a three dimensional solid. In the embodiment illustrated in
  • FIG. 64 multiple lamps 2 are provided.
  • the shelf comprises a rectangular solid having a rectangular projection in plan and in a first side view, and a trapezoidal cross section in an orthogonal transverse degree of freedom.
  • a first radial collimator 10 directs light to an internally embedded parabolic surface 310.
  • the reflector 310 is positioned so that rays reflected from the parabolic surface 310 leave directly perpendicularly to exit means 302.
  • a second radial collimator 10a is provided which directs light to a reflective back surface 320.
  • the embodiment of Figure 65 shows a form of exit means which provides for lineal distribution from a convex exit face 302, and which may be used with the embodiment of FIG. 64.
  • Figure 66 is another form of exit means showing a detailed view of the embodiment of Figure 64 for directing light downwardly from an exit face 302'.
  • exit means 302" comprises a refractor by which light is refracted both upwardly and downwardly.
  • the exit means 302 may take any one of a number of different forms.
  • FIG. 68 is an alternate form of the embodiment of Figure 64 in which it is shown that continuous contours may be used to shape the boundary of the distribution optics and exit means.
  • Reflected rays are incident on the exit means at each of a number of angles.
  • the two collimators could take differing forms such as described above.
  • the reflectors may also each be selected to a given performance.
  • Figure 69 is an axonometric view, partially broken away, wherein distribution optics 59 comprises a shaped, axially extending band 326 surrounding the radial collimation means 10.
  • a shaped, axially extending band surrounds the radial collimation means.
  • the band 326 in the illustrated form has an intersection with a plane lying in the radial degree of freedom comprising an eight pointed star.
  • This embodiment has utility in providing an illuminated shape.
  • Legs 327 of the star are formed by rectangles which are parallel to the axis. The legs 327 forming the illuminated shape may be sandwiched between parallel, axially displaced transparent circular plates 330.
  • light diffusing materials may be used which do not have the structural strength to maintain their disposition without support.
  • the shapes formed by this material which may be diffracting or diffusing, may be symmetrical or asymmetrical or may form the contour of an organic shape. Means (not shown) may also be provided for selected or continuous changing of the shape.
  • Figures 70 and 71 are a cross-sectional elevation and an axonometric view, partially broken away, of another form of system suitable for installation to an architectural member comprising a ceiling panel.
  • a collimation optics means 10 is housed in a box 340 which may comprise an architectural member or a lighting fixture.
  • Light distribution means may comprise various means described above. These may include an upper surface 344 axially above the collimation optics 10 which scatters light, a reflective surface 346 operating in a manner similar to exit means 113 in Figure 37 above, reflective vertical surfaces 350 and an axially lower diffusing plate 360.
  • prisms 332 may be provided within box 340 for directing light rays through diffusing plate 360 as shown at 334. In an experimental embodiment, this embodiment provided twice the light output with one fifth the energy input as prior art embodiments utilizing fluorescent tubes. Even illumination is provided on the plate 360. It may be used as an artificial skylight.
  • Figures 72 through 75 illustrate that light can be combined from two quasi point sources.
  • Metal halide light can be quite cool.
  • the intensity of metal halide light can be combined with warmer wavelengths of an incandescent source.
  • light can be delivered from a lineal light distribution means such as is described in my above cited co-pending application. Even solar illumination may be piped in and combined with light from the lamp 2.
  • Figures 72 and 73 are an axonometric view partially broken away and a cross- sectional view of an embodiment similar to that of Figures 23 and 24.
  • a collimating lens assembly 401 comprising a lens ring 12 and a lens ring 400 coaxially mounted and both fitting within the axial extent of containment optics.
  • a metal halide source 2 is centered within the lens ring 12, and an incandescent source 2' is centered within the lens ring 400.
  • Light is mixed at the internally reflecting face 89.
  • lens rings 400' and 12' have differing axial dimensions but have the same overall combined axial dimension as the lens rings 400 and 12.
  • a containment and distribution ring 405 may surround one lens ring, such as lens ring 12' and operate in a manner similar to a ring 124 in the embodiment of Figure 41.
  • the source 2' and lens ring 400 are replaced by a source distributor 420 which fits in the envelope of a lens ring.
  • a central conical reflector 426 receives a light input from lineal light distribution means as described in my above-cited application relating to lineal light distribution.
  • the conical reflector 426 is equivalent to a quasi point source and ring collimator in that the source distributor 420 can provide a radially collimated disc of light like that provided by a quasi point source. Operation proceeds as in the embodiment of Figures 72 and 73. Many forms of lighting may be combined in this manner.
  • light direction changing means includes both reflectors and refractors, as well as any other arrangements which changes the direction of light.
  • FIGS. 76A and 76B show a ring (circular) luminaire or torchiere having components and light paths therein.
  • the lamp or light source 4 is surrounded by ring lens 6 which is similar to the lens 12 of the previously described embodiments which produces a radially collimated beam 8 and projects it toward the primary reflector 32 which surrounds the light source and forms reflected beam 40.
  • the radially collimated beam 8 would contain rays which are expanding along the radiating axis 42. This expansion of rays requires the height of the primary reflector 32 to be greater than that of the ring lens 6. Interception of the radially collimated beam 8 by the primary reflector 32 is shown in the FIGS.
  • FIG. 82 with a system that includes a means of containment of the beam 8, allowing for a reduced height in the primary reflector 32.
  • the curvature of primary reflector 32 controls the axial expansion of reflected beam 40. In one possible configuration, this curvature would produce a crossection of the reflected beam 40 so as to provide evenly distributed illumination over a broad area of the ceiling above the luminaire.
  • FIG. 76A the secondary reflector 34 is not in a position to intercept the radially collimated beam 8.
  • FIG. 76B secondary reflector 34 has been shifted along central axis 52 so that it intercepts radially collimated beam 8, with reflected rays of beam 8 forming reflected beam 54 which reflects downwardly.
  • FIGS. 77A and 77B are crossectional views of a ring (circular) luminaire or torchiere showing components and light paths therein. The function of the system shown is similar to that of the system shown in FIGS. 76A and 76B, yet differ in the following description.
  • the reflective surface of the primary and secondary reflectors 55 and 56 in FIGS. 77A and 77B are radially segmented, with each ring segment 57 reflecting a similar beam pattern.
  • the overall light distribution patterns within reflected beam 58 remain the same as they do in reflected beam 54, with a change in the ratio of brightness 58 and 62.
  • secondary reflector 56 is shown on the wide side of primary reflector 55. It may also be situated on the narrow side of 55 when not intercepting radially collimated beam 8.
  • FIG. 78A is an isometric view of a luminaire or torchiere containing elements for variably dividing light into bi-directional paths.
  • the lamp 4 is surrounded by a ring lens 68 which is segmented into spherical or aspherical sections, each section projecting an individual beam.
  • FIG. 78A ring lens 68 is divided into 8 segments, while FIGS. 78B, 78C and 78D show 68 in 4 segments for simpler graphic depiction of principles, although any number of segments may be used.
  • Individual radial beams 70 are projected toward segmented secondary reflector 72 from the ring lens 68.
  • the secondary reflector 72 is in a position which allows beams to pass through the openings 76 therein.
  • the rays from the ring lens 68 are generally designated 70
  • the upper ones are shown as 241 and the lower ones as 242, and there are many other rays in between.
  • the upper ones 241 reach primary reflector 243 at a longer radius thereon and produce reflected beams 244, while the lower ones reach primary reflector 243 at a shorter radius thereon and produce reflected beams 245.
  • segmented secondary reflector 72 is rotated to be in a rotated orientation as shown in FIG. 78B, beams 70 will be reflected by segmented secondary reflector 72 away from the torchierre in the opposite direction from beams 244 and there will be no reflection of light of beams 70 from primary reflector 243. If segmented secondary reflector 72 is in a rotated position as shown in FIG.
  • beams 70 will pass through the openings 76 in segmented reflector 72 and be reflected away from the luminaire within reflected beams 244, 245 (and when ribs 239 are used, also beams 235) (shown in FIG. 78A). If secondary segmented reflector 72 is in a rotated orientation as in FIG. 78D, which allows some, but not all, the beams 70 from the ring lens to pass through, radial beams 70 will be proportionally divided by reflector 72 and one portion reflected upwardly by primary reflector 243, and the other portion will be reflected away from the torchierre in the opposite direction from beams 244. The individual beams can be scattered as shown at 235 so all beams merge as diffused light on architectural surfaces.
  • FIGS. 79A and 79B are cross-sectional views of a circular luminaire or torchiere, the components of which are designed to variably alter the cross- sectional brightness and angle of radial dispersion (the angle changes the higher the rays are on the reflector) on an architectural surface.
  • the components and their functions are as follows:
  • the light source 4 is surrounded by a ring lens 6 which produces a radially collimated beam 8 and projects it toward the primary reflector 32.
  • the beam is reflected from the lower portion of the reflector 32 and the light rays are reflected in the pattern 40 shown in FIG. 79A which includes rays which converge above the light source 4.
  • the light source 4 is connected with ring lens 6 to move vertically along axis 52.
  • the radially collimated beam 8 strikes a different part of the curvature of primary reflector 32, resulting in a change of the reflected beam shown as 40 in FIG. 79A to be as shown at 40' in FIG. 79B, and there are no converging rays above the light source.
  • FIGS. 80 A and 80B show a variation of the luminaire or torchiere depicted in FIGS. 79A and 79B.
  • Primary reflector 82 is comprised of radial reflecting sections 84 and 92.
  • radially collimated beam 8 When radially collimated beam 8 is shifted along axis 52, all light from ring lens 6 may be reflected as reflected beam 40 or reflected beam 40' or divided proportionally between 40 and 40' depending upon the position of the collimated beam along the curved surface of the reflector.
  • FIG. 81A is a cross-sectional view of a luminaire or torchiere as described on
  • FIG. 76A which includes light source 4, ring lens 6, collimated beam 8, primary reflector 32, and secondary reflector 34.
  • containment ring 95 has a reflective or semi-reflective surface which controls the expansion of radially collimated beam 8 and redirects rays toward reflector 32. The redirection by containment ring 95 of rays diverging from radial axis 42 allows for a shorter reflector 32. Without the containment ring 95 a shorter reflector 32 would allow these rays to escape upwardly above the top of reflector 32.
  • Tertiary reflector or lower containment ring 96 reflects light rays 97 (rays not collected by ring lens 6) away from the torchiere as reflected beam 98.
  • Light source change cover 101 is shown as a transparent or translucent material allowing light rays 114 to pass through. This cover is temporarily removed from its position to allow the light source to be replaced when required.
  • Light source change cover 101 may also be a heat reflecting mirror or a heat (infrared) filter or an insulator means. This type of function is described in detail in connection with FIG. 83.
  • FIGS. 81B and 81C show an arrangement similar to that of FIG. 81A where the luminaire or torchiere has a light source 4, ring lens 6, collimated beam 8 primary reflector 32 surrounding the collimating means as well as a movable lower reflector 87 (similar in function to lower reflector 96 of FIG. 81 A) shown in its upper-most position in FIG. 8 IB and its lower-most position in FIG. 81C.
  • This embodiment also has an upper reflector/protector 15 (which may be constructed have parabolic or elliptical sides if desired or constructed as element 101 in FIG. 81 A) directly above the light source 4 to reflect light and deflect heat, so that the heat does not travel directly upwardly and to provide protection from the heat of the light source.
  • the left profile shown is a parabola and the rays 236 reflect above reflector 32.
  • the right profile shown is an ellipse and the rays 237 reflect toward the reflector
  • the movable lower reflector 87 reflects the light rays upwardly toward the ceiling. It can be flat or concave or convex.
  • Convective heat may travel into the holes in the sleeve from outside the sleeve and then, when heated by the light source, travel upwardly until deflected by the upper reflector/protector 15, shown having a flat top surface and side which are curved to be elliptical or parabolic and reflect the light away from the vicinity directly above the light source.
  • the light rays 97 are not reflected upwardly by reflector 87 and thereofre continue to travel downwardly toward the floor.
  • the convection currents are shown as arrows 27 flowing into holes 25 in sleeve 23 from the outside, upwardly through sleeve 23 and through sleeve 17, between the light source 4 and the collimating ring lens 6 and then deflected by deflector 15 to move laterally so that the area above the light source does not become extremely hot as occurs with certain types of luminare lighting.
  • FIGS. 8 ID and 8 IE shows a luminarie or torchiere having a movable lower reflector 87 as well as a lower refractor 29.
  • the usual light pattern provides collimated light to the primary reflector 32.
  • the light 87 which is directed downwardly from the light source 4 is effected by the structure shown in these figures.
  • the light is collimated and reflects upwardly from the curved primary reflector 32 as disclosed in other embodiments of the present invention.
  • the light rays 97 which are directed downwardly from the light source 4 passes through the opening 31 in the lower movable reflector ring 87 and impinges upon the curved refractor 29 which distributes the light downwardly and provides diverging rays 33 to spread out the light pattern toward the floor.
  • the lower movable reflector ring or disk 87 may be flat, concave or convex.
  • the curved refractor 29 may be extended as shown in dashed lines 35 to extend all the way to the bottom of the primary reflector 32. It may be transparent, refracting or transluscent. In FIG.
  • the lower movable reflector is shown in its lower position where it reflects the downwardly directed rays 97 from the light source 4 (and which are shown in the previous figure and impinge upon the refractor). However, in this position this light is prevented from reaching the refractor by the lower, movable ring reflector 87 which reflects the light which emanates from the light source to the reflector, upwardly, as shown at 98, and thereby increases the amount of light provided in the upward direction by this luminarie since use is made of the light which would otherwise be downwardly directed.
  • FIG. 82A is a diagram illustrating a light source 4 and a ring lens for collimating light, as shown at 91.
  • This FIG. shows various components of a circular torchiere that provide an alternate method of changing the ratio of brightness of illumination projected toward ceiling and floor.
  • the method illustrated in FIGS. 76A and 76B show the secondary reflector 34 shifting along axis 52, intercepting the radially collimated beam 8 while the position of primary reflector 32 remains consistent to radial axis 42.
  • Figure 82A is that of both the secondary reflector 34 and the primary reflector 32 (which may be physically attached to each other) shifting simultaneously along central axis 52 and changing their positions in relationship to radial axis 42. Further illustrated in FIG. 82A are structural elements as well as components required for shifting either secondary reflector 34 or both secondary reflector 34 and primary reflector 32 along central axis 52.
  • Ring supports 117 are structural supports bridging reflector rings 118 and light source change cover (which may be a disk) 101. Ring supports 117 are made of thin material so as not to form shadows in the radially collimated beam 8.
  • Slider tube 121 is attached to structural supports 122 (which would be constructed of either transparent or translucent material or a thin wire or strut, allowing light reflected off the secondary reflector 34 to pass through unobstructed). Structural supports 122 are themselves attached to either secondary reflector 34 or the combined reflectors 34 and 32.
  • Slider tube 121 may be a compression fit (such as a spring tube) over collar 115, or may be moved by threaded rings or activated by a slot and lever type device. There is a slot 37 in the supports slide.
  • FIG. 82B is an isometric view of a similar luminarie or torchiere having a light source 4 surrounded by a fixed ring collimating lens 6 (support not shown).
  • Rods 39 which also support a primary reflector 32 which radially surrounds the light source 4.
  • a support tube 41 supports the torchiere as a base and has a pin 43 extending outwardly therefrom.
  • a slider sleeve 45 fits over the base and has an inclined groove 47 into which the pin 43 fits and is slidable. The sleeve 45 may rotate with respect to the base so that when the sleeve is turned, the height of the sleeve on the base changes.
  • the slider sleeve 45 has an expanded ring portion 49 which fits around the bottoms 51 of the rods so that the sleeve can rotate.
  • the base or support tube 41 extends through the sleeve 45 and projects above it and the bottoms of the rods 39 are bent at 53 and shaped to be entrapped by expanded area 49.
  • the sleeve 45 turns the height of the reflector 32 moves.
  • the rods 39 are sufficiently thin that they do not cast a shadow which effects the light pattern of the torchiere.
  • the sleeve 45 can be directly attached to the reflector 32 to eliminate the support rods 39. In this case the reflector 32 and ring lens 6 can be attached. Another arrangement for eliminating shadows of supports is shown in FIG. 94 and is discussed below.
  • rods 39 may be attached directly to lens 6 to alter the position of lens 6 in relation to lamp 4, the function of which is further explained in connection with FIGS. 95A, 95B and 95C.
  • FIG. 83 is a cross-sectional view of a luminaire or torchiere similar to FIG. 81A with the following functional description of the components: Ring lens 6 collects, radially collimates, and projects infrared radiation 125 from the light source 4 as a radially collimated beam of infrared light 126 toward reflector 32, which then reflects the infrared radiation away from the luminarie or torchiere as reflected beam 128. Convective airflow shown graphically as 132 further removes heat away from the luminaire or torchiere. These functions are provided at the same time that the visible light follows its path from source to ring lens 6 which collimates light which is then reflected from reflector 32.
  • FIG. 84 is a drawing of a torchierre lamp which utilizes the heat reduction functions, light distribution functions and structural elements as described in FIGS. 76 through 86.
  • the torchierre lamp has a stand 138 and a base 146.
  • Other usages and applications of the heat reduction and light distribution functions include, but are not limited to, table lamps, hanging lamps, desk lamps, and the like.
  • FIG. 85 is a view showing an alternate reflector shape to that shown in FIG.
  • Primary reflector 32 reflects beam 40 over the top of light source 4 at an acute angle in order to form broad distribution on the ceiling above.
  • FIG. 86A is a cross-sectional view of a circular luminaire or torchiere, the primary reflector 32 (and/or 34 secondary reflector, not shown) which is comprised of geometrically or randomly placed concave or convex surfaces.
  • FIGS. 86B and 86C are partial isometric views of primary reflectors showing two types of surfacing.
  • FIG. 86A illustrates a radially collimated beam 8 striking the surface of primary reflector 32 which contains an array of compound curved segments 148.
  • Each surface 148 is designed to reflect a portion of radially collimated beam 8 so as to form an integrated pattern of overlapping beam segments 150 on ceiling, floor, or walls.
  • An example of the light distribution of a reflection of beam segment 150 is represented by rays 154 which are asymmetrically expanding as they travel away from reflector 32' on a radial axis 42.
  • Rays 150' and 150" represent the concentric expansion of rays 150 with rays 150' representing the angle of radial expansion and 150" representing the angle of horizonntal distribution.
  • FIG. 87 is another type of luminaire or torchiere in which the primary reflector is formed of multiple reflecting louvres 81 which surround the light source 4 and the collimation means 6, and has a protective reflector/deflector 15 which may be made of insulating material.
  • the torchiere is mounted on a stand 83 (partially shown) and all the light is reflected upwardly as shown.
  • FIG. 88 is a luminarie or torchiere similar to that of FIG. 87 with the primary reflector 32 being curved and having a curved secondary reflector 34.
  • the protective reflector/deflector 15 can be parabolic or an elliptical reflector ring. As another feature it may be insulated on top and/or allow air to pass therethrough between the topmost surface or element 111 and one of the under surfaces, or could be made of a porus materal.
  • the device can be hinged at 119 and spring loaded toward the closed position with spring 155 so that it can be moved out of position as shown in dashed lines 127 when the light source 4 is to be replaced, and it will return to its proper position after the light source is changed.
  • FIGS. 81A, 81B, 81C, 83, 87 and 88 all have structure above the light source which assists in preventing all of the heat from the light source from going directly upwardly, but rather the structure diverts the heat.
  • FIG. 88 shows a structure in which the insulating means is hinged and constantly biased into closed position so that the safety feature should always be provided.
  • the present invention provides means for directing the light from the light source outwardly radially, and is thereafter used to provide upward lighting onto the ceiling including directly above the light source. Therefore, it is possible to provide a heat barrier (which may also be a light barrier) directly above the light source without adversely effecting the lighting above the light source.
  • FIGS. 89A and 89B show a light 129 suspended from an architectural surface 131 such as a ceiling.
  • a light source 4 surrounded by colimating means 6 directing the light 137 primarily radially to surrounding wedge prism rings 133 of various types which provides light ray patterns as shown at 139 and 141.
  • the rings 133 can be part of a system of interchangeable rings, and the rings themselves may be rectilinial or polyhedral or oval rather than round.
  • the wedge prism rings 133 can be of differing refractive angles and may be assembled to be interchangeable. Light rays from the light source 4 which impinge upon the ring lens are collimated; however, the light rays from the source which are directed upwardly as shown at 135 above the ring lens, or downwardly below the ring lens are not collimated. Such upwardly directed rays are shown at 135 and may be used as indirect lighting or to infill holes in light patterns formed by rays 139, and downlight reflector 32 is shown in its lower position in FIG. 89A, where it will have little effect upon the light from the light source 4. However, when the downlight reflector 32 is moved upwardly as shown in FIG.
  • the collimated light (and the imperfectly collimated light as well as the light which goes directly downwardly without being collimated) is reflected downwardly as shown at 143.
  • the collimated light and the imperfectly collimated light as well as the light which goes directly downwardly without being collimated
  • each sequential ring 145 has a different wedge angle 147 selected to spread the rays 149 in a predetermined angle toward the ceiling on which the system is mounted.
  • the reflector 32 (shown as conical in this FIG.) is shown in the raised position in FIG. 89D in which it intercepts radially collimated light from the ring collimator 6 and reflects it downwardly in a downlight pattern 151 and the reflector 32 may be set in any position between the raised and lower postitions.
  • the baffle rings 153 control glare by intercepting non-collimated light and to prevent observers from looking into the light source 4 by reducing the view angles.
  • the reflector 32 in the lowered position shown in FIG. 89C allows radially collimated light to project to the prism rings 145.
  • the reflector 32 may be deep enough to accept all the radially collimated light and reflect it downwardly.
  • the reflector 32 may be constructed to be sufficiently deep that in its uppermost position it intercepts all of the radially collimated light and reflects it downwardly.
  • FIGS. 89E and 89F show somewhat similar lighting arrangements adapted to be used in the form of track lighting to provide track mounted indirect ring fixtures, the use of which is shown in a room in FIG. 96 and described below.
  • FIG. 89E there is a light source 4, which can be a lamp halogen or high intensity discharge (HID) and a collimating means 6 directing light radially.
  • a light source 4 can be a lamp halogen or high intensity discharge (HID) and a collimating means 6 directing light radially.
  • a beam reversing reflector 270 which receives radially collimated light 274 and 276 from the top and bottom (as well as at other locations), respectively, of lens 6 and reflects it upwardly, as at 284 and 286, respectively, from the reflector's lower section 278, from where it is reflected from the reflector's upper section 288, as at 290 and 292, respectively, and thereby reverses the beam direction over the ring lens assembly, i.e., the light which is reflected has a path above the lens 6.
  • 89F there is a similar light source 4 and a collimating means 6 directing light radially.
  • a radial wedge shaped refractor 288 receiving the collimated light 322 which bends it slight upwardly as shown at 290.
  • a beam reversing reflector 292 which receives radially collimated light that has been directed an an acute angle towards the ceiling due to wedge shaped refractor 288, and reflects the beam 294 to pass behind the collimating means 6 and the wedge refractor 288 as shown in FIG. 89F. While not shown, there is a similar beam to beam 294 which passes in front of the collimating means 6 and the wedge refractor 288 as shown in FIG. 89F.
  • Both reflectors 270 (FIG. 89E) and 292 (FIG. 89F) may be used in conjunction with refractors, and be used alternately with reflectors 256 and refractors 288.
  • One half of the reflector 292 is shown; the other half is not shown, but is the same, thereby forming a wing-like structure which provides the beam 294 which passes in front of the collimating means 6 and the wedge refractor 288 in FIG. 89F.
  • the light rays 292 are shown by upper and lower arrows representing rays in the upper and lower portions of beam 292. Both of these are reflected, the upper one being designated 324 (the lower one not being shown) and 324 being reflected to form the beam 294.
  • optical window or refractor 296 shown above the light source and which receives non-collimated light from the top of the light source to infill light on the architectural surface above the fixture that does not recieve light from theradially disposed optics as shown at 298.
  • FIGS. 90A and 90B show reflectors 156 and 157 with negative 158 and positive 164 fluting, respectively.
  • the negative fluting 158 creates converging and then diverging reflected rays 165 (converging until the focal point, and then diverging rays).
  • the positive fluting 164 creates diverging reflected rays 166.
  • the central axis of radial collimation is shown as 167 in FIG. 90B.
  • Each central angle of radial collimation 168 along the axis of radial collimation is reflected by specular flutes resulting in equal converging or diverging beam patterns. For example, the two set of rays shown as part of rays 166.
  • FIGS. 90C and 90D show reflectors 169 and 171 with serially concave 173 and serially convex 174 fluting, respectively.
  • the angle of reflection incline 175 determines the general angle of beam spread. These can be used as fixed reflectors when used with radially collimated light, and may be used with radially collimated light to produce down light patterns.
  • FIG. 91A is a double reflector with slots. It has a light source 4 and a collimation means 6. A portion is shown broken away for clarity so that the internal structure may be seen.
  • the reflectors 176 (inner) and 177 (outer) are movable with respect to one another so that one may be fixed, or both may be movable circumferentially.
  • the slots 178 and 179 will become aligned at which point the maximum amount of light will project radially as shown at 181 and the remainder be reflected downwardly as shown as 182. As the slots become misaligned, less and less light is projected radially through the reflector until a point is reached where the radial light is blocked completely and all the light is reflected downwardly.
  • the outer ring 177 may rotated around the inner ring 176, both ring reflectors being conical with specular inner surfaces and little space between the rings.
  • the rays reflected by the inner ring or the combined inner and outer conical reflectors are shown. The amount of light reflected depends on the degree of alignment between the inner and outer reflectors.
  • FIG. 91B is similar to the arrangement of FIG. 91A but has a ring wedge prism 183 which surroungs the ring reflectors (only the outer one 177 is visible in this FIG.) which directs the portion of light allowed to pass through the slots 179 to be directed toward the architectural surface 131 on which the lighting device is mounted.
  • the drawing shows light 185 passing through the slots to the prism, light 186 passing through the prism, and light 187 being reflected downwardly from the inside surface of the inner reflector, this being from the light reflected from the solid portions of the reflectors.
  • the device may be stem mounted so that ring 185 does not have to be mounted to the surface as shown in FIGS. 89A and 89B.
  • FIG. 92A is a broken isometric view of a double elongated reflector, having an upper reflector 188 and a lower reflector 189, each with slots 190 and 191, respectively, and arranged for longitudinal movement. Portions are broken away for clarity.
  • One or both reflectors 188 and 189 may be movable so that the circumferential slots 190 and 191 can be aligned or misaligned or somewhere between these positions. Movement can be along the light axis. Light is reflected from the solid portions of the reflecors upwardly as shown at 193, and light which passes through the aligned or partially aligned slots passes downwardly as shown at 194.
  • FIG. 92B is an isometric view of a double elongated reflector, having an upper reflector 195 and a lower reflector 196 each with sslots 197 and 198, respectively, and arranged for circumferential movement.
  • the slots 197 and 198 are arranged along the longitudinal axis and movement of one or both reflectors is circumferential so as to gradually align or misalign the slots and thereby change the amount of light which passes through the slots and is not reflected.
  • the light which does not pass through the slots is reflected upwardly as shown at 199 and the light which passes through the slots is directed downwardly as shown at 206.
  • FIG. 92C is an isometric view or a double elongated reflector, having an upper reflector 207 and a lower reflector 208, each with holes 209 and 211, respectively, and which may be arranged to move longitudinally and/or radially.
  • This arrangement is similar to those of FIGS. 92A and 92B, but has holes rather than slots. Since there are holes, the relative movement between the two reflectors can move longitudinally and/or circumferentially to align and misalign the holes. The light which does not pass through the holes is reflected upwardly as shown at 213 and the light which passes through the holes is directed downwardly as shown at 215.
  • FIG. 92C is an isometric view or a double elongated reflector, having an upper reflector 207 and a lower reflector 208, each with holes 209 and 211, respectively, and which may be arranged to move longitudinally and/or radially.
  • This arrangement is similar to those of FIGS. 92A and 92B, but has holes
  • FIG 93 is an isometric view of a bowl-shaped double reflector, having an upper reflector 212 and a lower reflector 216, each with holes 217 and 218, respectively.
  • the double reflector which is generally bowl-shaped, has holes 217 and 218 which can be aligned or misaligned or can take an infinite number of positions between the two.
  • the inner and outer bowl reflectors 212 and 216 may rotate concentrically about one another. When the holes 217 and 218 are aligned light 219 can pass downwardly through them. When they are entirely misaligned all the light is reflected upwardly from the bowl-reflectors as shown at 220..
  • the holes may be round or can be of a decorative pattern. If the bottoms of the bowl- reflectors are solid then no light will be projected downwardly when the holes are entirely misaligned. However, if the bottoms of the bowl-reflectors are open, then a certain amount of light will always be directed downwardly.
  • FIG. 94 is an isometric view showing one manner of connecting the reflector with other structure without producing shadows from the support structure. This type of feature is also available with the embodiment shown in FIG. 82B.
  • This arrangement has a light source and means for radially collimated the light therefrom.
  • a certain type of reflector 221 is shown being used, but the principle can be used in any of the arrangements disclosed in this specification.
  • the plates 225 and 226 are connected by inclined wires 222.
  • connection wires 223 connect the plates to the reflector 221.
  • the latter wires 223 are arranged so they are not radial with respect to the light source and collimation means so as to reduce or eliminate shadows from the wires.
  • the wires and the wire assembly are always at an angle (as it transverses)to the radially collimated light or reflected light, so as not to cause a visable shadow in the light pattern formed by rays 224 as it appears on the surface it illuminates.
  • the radially collimated light is shown at 227 and the reflected light forms the rays 224.
  • This principle can be used in connection with other arrangements such as the one shown in FIG. 82A.
  • This arrangement of wire supports may be used in embodiments such as those shown in FIGS. 89A and 89B.
  • FIGS. 95 A, 95B and 95C are diagrammatic views of three different positions of the arc or filament of a light source 228 with respect to collimating means 229 in an arrangement wherein they are movable with respect to one another along a central axis.
  • the arc or filament of the light source may be shifted on the central axis 230.
  • the direction of the radially collimated light is shifted in the opposite direction as shown in these figures.
  • FIG. 95 A the arc is in the upper position and the light travels downwardly as shown at 231
  • FIG. 95B the arc is in the lower position and the light travels upwardly as shown at 232
  • FIG. 95C the arc is in a central position and the light travels horizontally.
  • Track mounted lighting can be used with many of the embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 96 shows different types of track mounted lighting using features shown in FIGS. 89A, 89B, 89C, 89D, 89E and 89F.
  • track mounted light arrangements 304 shown in the middle of the ceiling and these can be the types shown in FIGS. 89A, 89B, 89C and 89D.
  • wall mounted track light fixtures 306 providing indirect light onto the ceiling toward the middle of the room and may also provide light onto the wall above the fixtures as shown at 312. These can be as shown in FIGS. 89E and 89F and spaced as to provide evenly overlapping patterns of illumination.

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Abstract

A partir d'une source quasi ponctuelle (2), un moyen de distribution de la lumière produit une gamme d'éclairage distribué offrant un ou plusieurs choix entre une lumière d'ambiance, un éclairage direct scialytique, un éclairage d'étalage multifaisceau (99), un éclairage linéraire projectif ou un éclairage projectif à balayage superficiel et distribution linéaire ou radiale. A partir d'une source quasi ponctuelle, un dispositif optique de collimation (26) façonne la lumière en un disque d'épaisseur (64) axiale voulue. Le dispositif optique de distribution (59) peut réfléchir ou réfracter la lumière pour l'orienter ou la façonner selon les besoins particuliers de l'éclairage architectural.
PCT/US1998/018419 1993-01-21 1998-09-03 Eclairage architectural distribue a partir d'une lumiere contenue alignee radialement et au moyen de luminaires compacts efficaces WO1999013266A1 (fr)

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US5819597P 1997-09-08 1997-09-08
US60/058,195 1997-09-08

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Cited By (17)

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US6598998B2 (en) 2001-05-04 2003-07-29 Lumileds Lighting, U.S., Llc Side emitting light emitting device
US6896381B2 (en) 2002-10-11 2005-05-24 Light Prescriptions Innovators, Llc Compact folded-optics illumination lens
US6924943B2 (en) 2002-12-02 2005-08-02 Light Prescriptions Innovators, Llc Asymmetric TIR lenses producing off-axis beams
US7021797B2 (en) 2003-05-13 2006-04-04 Light Prescriptions Innovators, Llc Optical device for repositioning and redistributing an LED's light
CN1322773C (zh) * 2000-10-09 2007-06-20 诺基亚公司 通信网络连接建立方法、系统和信道授权请求及执行方法
EP1726479A3 (fr) * 2005-05-27 2009-03-25 Valeo Vision Dispositif d'éclairage ou de signalisation pour véhicule automobile
WO2010043873A1 (fr) 2008-10-17 2010-04-22 Buhler Sortex Ltd Guide de lumière et ensemble d'éclairage intégrant celui-ci
US7753561B2 (en) 2003-05-13 2010-07-13 Light Prescriptions Innovators, Llc Optical device for LED-based lamp
WO2012038399A1 (fr) * 2010-09-21 2012-03-29 Zumtobel Lighting Gmbh Système optique et lampe pour éclairage direct ou indirect
EP2612070A2 (fr) * 2010-09-01 2013-07-10 Cooper Technologies Company Dispositif et appareil permettant une collecte et une redirection efficaces du rayonnement émis
FR3013102A1 (fr) * 2013-11-12 2015-05-15 Valeo Vision Dispositif lumineux, module d'eclairage et/ou de signalisation et vehicule automobile
JP5848252B2 (ja) * 2010-09-29 2016-01-27 日立マクセル株式会社 光源装置、光源レンズおよび照明装置
CN108368994A (zh) * 2015-08-05 2018-08-03 普莱哈德有限公司 用于星状分束器的系统和方法
EP3587913A1 (fr) * 2018-06-27 2020-01-01 Nichia Corporation Dispositif optique et dispositif d'éclairage
EP3650747A1 (fr) * 2018-11-09 2020-05-13 Nichia Corporation Dispositif optique et dispositif d'éclairage
CN112824747A (zh) * 2020-12-15 2021-05-21 苏州佳世达电通有限公司 照明结构及应用其的照明装置

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CN1322773C (zh) * 2000-10-09 2007-06-20 诺基亚公司 通信网络连接建立方法、系统和信道授权请求及执行方法
US6598998B2 (en) 2001-05-04 2003-07-29 Lumileds Lighting, U.S., Llc Side emitting light emitting device
US6607286B2 (en) 2001-05-04 2003-08-19 Lumileds Lighting, U.S., Llc Lens and lens cap with sawtooth portion for light emitting diode
EP1255132A1 (fr) * 2001-05-04 2002-11-06 LumiLeds Lighting U.S., LLC Lentille pour des diodes électroluminescentes
US6896381B2 (en) 2002-10-11 2005-05-24 Light Prescriptions Innovators, Llc Compact folded-optics illumination lens
US6924943B2 (en) 2002-12-02 2005-08-02 Light Prescriptions Innovators, Llc Asymmetric TIR lenses producing off-axis beams
US7021797B2 (en) 2003-05-13 2006-04-04 Light Prescriptions Innovators, Llc Optical device for repositioning and redistributing an LED's light
US7753561B2 (en) 2003-05-13 2010-07-13 Light Prescriptions Innovators, Llc Optical device for LED-based lamp
EP1726479A3 (fr) * 2005-05-27 2009-03-25 Valeo Vision Dispositif d'éclairage ou de signalisation pour véhicule automobile
US9074756B2 (en) 2008-10-17 2015-07-07 Buhler Sortex Ltd Light guide and illumination assembly incorporating the same
WO2010043873A1 (fr) 2008-10-17 2010-04-22 Buhler Sortex Ltd Guide de lumière et ensemble d'éclairage intégrant celui-ci
US9109781B2 (en) 2010-09-01 2015-08-18 Illumination Management Solutions, Inc. Device and apparatus for efficient collection and re-direction of emitted radiation
EP2612070A4 (fr) * 2010-09-01 2014-06-11 Cooper Technologies Co Dispositif et appareil permettant une collecte et une redirection efficaces du rayonnement émis
EP2612070A2 (fr) * 2010-09-01 2013-07-10 Cooper Technologies Company Dispositif et appareil permettant une collecte et une redirection efficaces du rayonnement émis
WO2012038399A1 (fr) * 2010-09-21 2012-03-29 Zumtobel Lighting Gmbh Système optique et lampe pour éclairage direct ou indirect
JP5848252B2 (ja) * 2010-09-29 2016-01-27 日立マクセル株式会社 光源装置、光源レンズおよび照明装置
FR3013102A1 (fr) * 2013-11-12 2015-05-15 Valeo Vision Dispositif lumineux, module d'eclairage et/ou de signalisation et vehicule automobile
CN108368994A (zh) * 2015-08-05 2018-08-03 普莱哈德有限公司 用于星状分束器的系统和方法
CN108368994B (zh) * 2015-08-05 2021-02-26 普莱哈德有限公司 用于星状分束器的系统和方法
US11467345B2 (en) 2015-08-05 2022-10-11 Playhard, Inc. Systems and methods for a stellate beam splitter
EP3587913A1 (fr) * 2018-06-27 2020-01-01 Nichia Corporation Dispositif optique et dispositif d'éclairage
EP3650747A1 (fr) * 2018-11-09 2020-05-13 Nichia Corporation Dispositif optique et dispositif d'éclairage
CN112824747A (zh) * 2020-12-15 2021-05-21 苏州佳世达电通有限公司 照明结构及应用其的照明装置

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