WO1999012014A1 - Method and device for detecting clearance in bearings and control mechanisms of a runner or rotor with swivelling blades - Google Patents

Method and device for detecting clearance in bearings and control mechanisms of a runner or rotor with swivelling blades Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999012014A1
WO1999012014A1 PCT/SE1998/001523 SE9801523W WO9912014A1 WO 1999012014 A1 WO1999012014 A1 WO 1999012014A1 SE 9801523 W SE9801523 W SE 9801523W WO 9912014 A1 WO9912014 A1 WO 9912014A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
runner
rotor
blade
angular position
blades
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE1998/001523
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Sten Hildingsson
Kjell-Erik VÄRLIND
Conny Thyberg
Original Assignee
Kvaerner Turbin Aktiebolag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kvaerner Turbin Aktiebolag filed Critical Kvaerner Turbin Aktiebolag
Priority to AU88957/98A priority Critical patent/AU8895798A/en
Publication of WO1999012014A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999012014A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H1/00—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector
    • G01H1/003—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector of rotating machines
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
    • G01M13/04—Bearings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for detecting play in bearings and control mechanisms of a runner or rotor with pivoted (turnable) blades and a device for carrying out the method.
  • Kaplan turbines are provided with runner blades which are turnably mounted on a hub body.
  • the runner blades are provided with sliding bearings and are controlled by means of motion members and link mechanisms for turning the runner blades. Because of the force which the runner blades are exposed for during operation, bearings and link mechanisms are subjected to wear such that play will appear in them.
  • the hub bodies of Kaplan turbines are filled with oil.
  • the main purpose of the oil is to lubricate the runner blade bearings.
  • the whole hub body is filled with oil under pressure. This, however, involves a risk that oil will leak out. This risk is increased as the bearings are worn such that oil can pass through sealings because of the play between the bearings and the runner blade stems. Leakage of oil occur so frequently that it is considered a serious environmental problem.
  • the present invention aims at preventing the arise of the above mentioned problems with Kaplan turbines.
  • This aim is achieved by a method characterized in that a specific angular position during rotation is detected, and that the angular position of the blade points are detected for upwardly directed and for downwardly directed load on the blade points with reference to the specific angular position of the rotor, wherein the difference in angular position for respective blade for upwardly and for downwardly directed load is calculated and is used as a basis for the determination of the play in the bearings and control mechanisms of the respective blade.
  • a device characterized by at least one indicator provided to detect the angular position of the runner during rotation, at least one indicator provided to detect the angular position of the blade points when the blades are subjected to upwardly and downwardly directed load, and members capable of registering the differences in angular position between the rotor and the respective blade point.
  • the time between a signal from the indicator for the position of the runner blade to a signal from the indicator for the position of the runner blade point is stored in a processing unit together with the signal from the indicator for the angle of the runner blade when the turbine is running with downwardly directed load acting on the blades, that the direction of load is turned, and that the time between a signal from the indicator for the position of the runner to a signal from the indicator for the position of the runner blade point is measured and is compared with time obtained for the downwardly directed load, wherein the resulting time difference corresponds to the angle which the rotor has turned at the two load directions at specific angular velocities of the rotor, .and that the play in the runner blade be calculated in the processing unit.
  • a continuous surveillance of the condition of the turbine can be achieved.
  • a reference measurement is performed when the turbin is originally installed and also after renovation of the turbine. This measurement then is compared with measurements performed during operation after a certain time of operation in order to obtain information about increased play in bearings and control mechanisms.
  • Fig. 1 shows a side view, partly in section, of a runner of a Kaplan turbine having a design known per se, in which the invention can be employed
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic side view of the measuring points which are used in connection with the invention
  • Fig. 3 is a view from above with reference to Fig. 2.
  • a runner or rotor forming part of a Kaplan turbine is generally denoted 10.
  • the runner has a hub body 12 mounted on a turbine shaft flange 14.
  • a shaft 16 is attached to the turbine shaft flange 14.
  • the runner 10 further comprises a number of runner blades 18, each of which having a runner blade flange 20 which is integrated with a runner stem 22 or is fastened to the runner blade stem by screw joints.
  • the runner blade stem is journalled in the hub body 12 through inner and outer sliding bearings 24 and 26, respectively.
  • the runner blade stems 22, and hence the runner blades 18, can be turned in the bearings 24 and 26 in a manner per se by means of motion members, which comprise a servo motor piston 28, a piston rod 30, which is vertically movable in the hub body, a hub yoke 32 and a link mechanism which is generally designated 34.
  • motion members which comprise a servo motor piston 28, a piston rod 30, which is vertically movable in the hub body, a hub yoke 32 and a link mechanism which is generally designated 34.
  • a synchronizing means 40 is provided at the turbine shaft 16 or at a device rotating therewith.
  • the synchronizing means 40 comprises an indicator/transmitter 42 .and one or more points of detection 44 provided on the shaft.
  • the indicator/transmitter is connected to a suitable processing unit (not shown) for processing entering signals.
  • an indicator/transmitter 52 in the following called runner blade indicator.
  • the indicator 52 is arranged at such a level that the side edge of the runner blade will pass the indicator for all angles in which the runner blade can be set.
  • the indicator 52 is connected to the processing unit.
  • a device for measuring the runner blade angle is provided at the turbine. It can for example consist of an angle indicator provided on the runner blade stem.
  • One can also use the existing control and adjustment equipment which exists for the setting .and detection of the angle of the runner blades.
  • an organ for measuring the angular speed of the rotor In this connection it is possible to use the speed measurement which is carried out by the control and adjustment equipment of the turbine or integrate speed measurement means in the synchronizing means 40.
  • the measuring system is intended to operate according to the following.
  • the Kaplan turbine When the Kaplan turbine is in operation, the water that is passing by acts on the runner blades causing the turbine to rotate. In most cases of operation, and particularly when the turbine is connected to the net, the turbine rotates with a constant, specific rate.
  • the angle of the blades is set depending on the operating conditions. The water gives cause to a downwardly directed force I on the runner blades, which in turns causes a deflection of them.
  • the synchronizing means 42 registers the angular position of the shaft and therethrough the angular position of the runner blade at the moment when the point of detection is passing by the indicator.
  • the detection point is provided on the shaft in relation to its indicator such that the side edge of that runner blade which shall be measured is in a position in front of the runner blade indicator 52.
  • the processing unit receives a signal from the runner blade indicator a time meterage starts until a signal is received from the synchronizing means. The time corresponds to a certain angular position of the runner blade since the rotation speed is known.
  • the load on the runner blades is turned. That can be carried out for example by shutting off the water supply, wherein the load will change direction.
  • the load change causes the runner blade point to bend upwards, II, partly because of the flexibility in the system, and partly because of the play in the bearings.
  • the bending upw.ards has the result that another section of the side edge of the runner blade will pass the runner blade indicator and at another length of time as compared with the first measurement because the runner has a certain periphery angle ⁇ to the horizontal plane.
  • the difference in length of time between the two measurements gives an angle ⁇ , in the following called rotor angle, because the turbine is rotating at a known rotation speed.
  • the deflection of the runner blade point i.e. the measure between the position of the point at upwards bending and downwards bending, deflection, respectively, can be calculated according
  • r is the runner blade chamber radius and y is the deflection of the runner blade.
  • the periphery angle of the runner blade can be provided by suitable indicators capable of providing that information.
  • suitable indicators capable of providing that information.
  • a diagram can be drawn according to Fig. 4 with the force on the x-axis and the deflection on the y-axis, wherein the play y 0 can be determined.
  • all the runner blades on the turbine are measured, which is easily carried out by having the detection point as a starting point and through the rotation of the rotor at a constant rotation speed.
  • a reference measurement is carried out when the turbine is newly installed and after renovation of the turbine. This measurement then is compared with measurements during operation after a certain time of operation in order to provide information about increased play in bearings and control mechanisms.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
  • Control Of Water Turbines (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for detecting play in bearings and control mechanisms of a runner or rotor with turnable blades. The invention is characterized in that a specific angular position during rotation of the rotor is detected, and that the angular position of the blade points during rotation of the rotor is detected for upwardly directed, and for downwardly directed load acting on the blade points, starting from the specific angular position of the rotor, wherein the difference in angular position for respective blade for upwardly directed and for downwardly directed load is used as a basis for the determination of the play in bearings and control mechanisms of the respective blade. The invention also relates to a device for carrying out of the method.

Description

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETECTING CLEARANCE IN BEARINGS AND CONTROL MECHANISMS OF A RUNNER OR ROTOR WITH SWIVELLING BLADES
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a method for detecting play in bearings and control mechanisms of a runner or rotor with pivoted (turnable) blades and a device for carrying out the method.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Kaplan turbines are provided with runner blades which are turnably mounted on a hub body. The runner blades are provided with sliding bearings and are controlled by means of motion members and link mechanisms for turning the runner blades. Because of the force which the runner blades are exposed for during operation, bearings and link mechanisms are subjected to wear such that play will appear in them.
Conventionally the hub bodies of Kaplan turbines are filled with oil. The main purpose of the oil is to lubricate the runner blade bearings. In order to prevent that water will leak in into the hub, the whole hub body is filled with oil under pressure. This, however, involves a risk that oil will leak out. This risk is increased as the bearings are worn such that oil can pass through sealings because of the play between the bearings and the runner blade stems. Leakage of oil occur so frequently that it is considered a serious environmental problem. As far as is known to the inventors, there does not exist today any system for surveying or detecting the condition of the turbines with reference to play in bearings and mechanisms. Usually one operates with fixed time intervals for service, based on calculated need of maintenance.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention aims at preventing the arise of the above mentioned problems with Kaplan turbines. This aim is achieved by a method characterized in that a specific angular position during rotation is detected, and that the angular position of the blade points are detected for upwardly directed and for downwardly directed load on the blade points with reference to the specific angular position of the rotor, wherein the difference in angular position for respective blade for upwardly and for downwardly directed load is calculated and is used as a basis for the determination of the play in the bearings and control mechanisms of the respective blade. This is also achieved according to an aspect of the invention by means of a device characterized by at least one indicator provided to detect the angular position of the runner during rotation, at least one indicator provided to detect the angular position of the blade points when the blades are subjected to upwardly and downwardly directed load, and members capable of registering the differences in angular position between the rotor and the respective blade point.
This is achieved according to another aspect of invention therein that the time between a signal from the indicator for the position of the runner blade to a signal from the indicator for the position of the runner blade point is stored in a processing unit together with the signal from the indicator for the angle of the runner blade when the turbine is running with downwardly directed load acting on the blades, that the direction of load is turned, and that the time between a signal from the indicator for the position of the runner to a signal from the indicator for the position of the runner blade point is measured and is compared with time obtained for the downwardly directed load, wherein the resulting time difference corresponds to the angle which the rotor has turned at the two load directions at specific angular velocities of the rotor, .and that the play in the runner blade be calculated in the processing unit.
By means of a method and a device according to the invention a continuous surveillance of the condition of the turbine can be achieved. Preferably, a reference measurement is performed when the turbin is originally installed and also after renovation of the turbine. This measurement then is compared with measurements performed during operation after a certain time of operation in order to obtain information about increased play in bearings and control mechanisms.
These and other aspects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the detailed description of an embodiment and from the appending claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
In the following description of an embodiment, reference will be made to the accompanying drawings, in which
Fig. 1 shows a side view, partly in section, of a runner of a Kaplan turbine having a design known per se, in which the invention can be employed, Fig. 2 shows a schematic side view of the measuring points which are used in connection with the invention, Fig. 3 is a view from above with reference to Fig. 2. DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT
In Fig. 1 a runner or rotor forming part of a Kaplan turbine is generally denoted 10. The runner has a hub body 12 mounted on a turbine shaft flange 14. A shaft 16 is attached to the turbine shaft flange 14. The runner 10 further comprises a number of runner blades 18, each of which having a runner blade flange 20 which is integrated with a runner stem 22 or is fastened to the runner blade stem by screw joints. The runner blade stem is journalled in the hub body 12 through inner and outer sliding bearings 24 and 26, respectively. The runner blade stems 22, and hence the runner blades 18, can be turned in the bearings 24 and 26 in a manner per se by means of motion members, which comprise a servo motor piston 28, a piston rod 30, which is vertically movable in the hub body, a hub yoke 32 and a link mechanism which is generally designated 34. These described parts belong to prior art.
In order to be able to measure the condition of the runner with reference to play in the runner bearings and control mechanisms a synchronizing means 40 is provided at the turbine shaft 16 or at a device rotating therewith. The synchronizing means 40 comprises an indicator/transmitter 42 .and one or more points of detection 44 provided on the shaft. The indicator/transmitter is connected to a suitable processing unit (not shown) for processing entering signals.
In the runner chamber wall 50 there is provided an indicator/transmitter 52, in the following called runner blade indicator. The indicator 52 is arranged at such a level that the side edge of the runner blade will pass the indicator for all angles in which the runner blade can be set. The indicator 52 is connected to the processing unit. A device for measuring the runner blade angle is provided at the turbine. It can for example consist of an angle indicator provided on the runner blade stem. One can also use the existing control and adjustment equipment which exists for the setting .and detection of the angle of the runner blades. Further there is an organ for measuring the angular speed of the rotor. In this connection it is possible to use the speed measurement which is carried out by the control and adjustment equipment of the turbine or integrate speed measurement means in the synchronizing means 40.
The measuring system is intended to operate according to the following. When the Kaplan turbine is in operation, the water that is passing by acts on the runner blades causing the turbine to rotate. In most cases of operation, and particularly when the turbine is connected to the net, the turbine rotates with a constant, specific rate. The angle of the blades is set depending on the operating conditions. The water gives cause to a downwardly directed force I on the runner blades, which in turns causes a deflection of them.
The synchronizing means 42 registers the angular position of the shaft and therethrough the angular position of the runner blade at the moment when the point of detection is passing by the indicator. The detection point is provided on the shaft in relation to its indicator such that the side edge of that runner blade which shall be measured is in a position in front of the runner blade indicator 52. When the processing unit receives a signal from the runner blade indicator a time meterage starts until a signal is received from the synchronizing means. The time corresponds to a certain angular position of the runner blade since the rotation speed is known.
Then the load on the runner blades is turned. That can be carried out for example by shutting off the water supply, wherein the load will change direction. The load change causes the runner blade point to bend upwards, II, partly because of the flexibility in the system, and partly because of the play in the bearings. The bending upw.ards has the result that another section of the side edge of the runner blade will pass the runner blade indicator and at another length of time as compared with the first measurement because the runner has a certain periphery angle α to the horizontal plane. The difference in length of time between the two measurements gives an angle φ, in the following called rotor angle, because the turbine is rotating at a known rotation speed. By the aid of the rotor angle φ and the periphery angle α of the rotor blade, the deflection of the runner blade point , i.e. the measure between the position of the point at upwards bending and downwards bending, deflection, respectively, can be calculated according
Δl = r • φ and y = Δl • since
where r is the runner blade chamber radius and y is the deflection of the runner blade.
The periphery angle of the runner blade can be provided by suitable indicators capable of providing that information. By determining the deflection for a number of loads, a diagram can be drawn according to Fig. 4 with the force on the x-axis and the deflection on the y-axis, wherein the play y0 can be determined. Preferably all the runner blades on the turbine are measured, which is easily carried out by having the detection point as a starting point and through the rotation of the rotor at a constant rotation speed.
Preferably a reference measurement is carried out when the turbine is newly installed and after renovation of the turbine. This measurement then is compared with measurements during operation after a certain time of operation in order to provide information about increased play in bearings and control mechanisms.
It shall be understood that the invention is not restricted to the above description or to the embodiment shown in the drawings but can modified within the scope of the appending patent claims.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS
1. Method for detecting play in bearings and control mechanisms of a runner or rotor with turnable blades, characterized in that a specific angular position during rotation of the rotor is detected, and that the angular position of the blade points is detected for upwardly directed and for downwardly directed load on the blade points with reference to the specific .angular position of the rotor, wherein the difference in angular position for respective blade for upwardly and for downwardly directed load is calculated and is used as a basis for the determination of the play in the bearings and control mechanisms of the respective blade.
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that also the angle of the blade to the horizontal plane is measured, wherein its measured value also is used as a basis for the determination.
3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the time between the detected signal of the rotor and detected signal of the blade points is measured, wherein the measured time gives the angular position for respective load case at a constant rotation speed of the rotor.
4. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the time between a signal for the position of the runner blade and a signal for the position of the runner blade point is stored in a processing unit together with the angle (α) of the runner blade when the turbine is running with downwardly directed load acting on the blades, that the direction of load is turned, and that the time between a signal from the indicator for the position of the runner to a signal from the indicator for the position of the runner blade point is measured and is compared with the time obtained for the downwardly directed load, wherein the resulting time difference corresponds to the angle (φ) which the rotor has turned at the two load conditions at specific angular velocities of the rotor, and that the play (y) in the runner blade is calculated in the processing unit through
Δl = r • φ och y = Δl • sinα
where r is the radius of the runner chamber.
5. Method according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that the .angular velocity of the rotor is controlled.
6. Device for detecting play in bearings and control mechanisms of a runner or rotor (10), comprising a hub body (12) and vanes or blades (20) which are turnably mounted to the hub body, characterized by at least one indicator (42) provided to detect the angular position of the runner during rotation, at least one indicator (52) provided to detect the angular position of the blade points when the blades are subjected to upwardly and downwardly directed load, and members capable of registering the differences in angular position between the rotor .and respective blade point, wherein said members are capable of determining the deviation between the difference in angular position for the opposite directions of load acting on the runner blades.
7. Device according to claim 6, characterized by means capable of detecting the angle of the runner blade relative to the horizontal plane.
8. Device according to the previous claims 6-7, characterized by means capable of detecting the angular velocity of the rotor.
PCT/SE1998/001523 1997-08-29 1998-08-26 Method and device for detecting clearance in bearings and control mechanisms of a runner or rotor with swivelling blades WO1999012014A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU88957/98A AU8895798A (en) 1997-08-29 1998-08-26 Method and device for detecting clearance in bearings and control mechanisms of a runner or rotor with swivelling blades

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9703118A SE510060C2 (en) 1997-08-29 1997-08-29 Method and apparatus for detecting gaps in bearings and operating mechanisms of a impeller or rotor with rotatable vanes
SE9703118-1 1997-08-29

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WO1999012014A1 true WO1999012014A1 (en) 1999-03-11

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4113324A (en) * 1975-11-18 1978-09-12 Kraftwerk Union Aktiengesellschaft Auxiliary bearing for determining radial and axial play of turbine shafts
US4153388A (en) * 1976-04-30 1979-05-08 Sulzer Brothers Limited Method and apparatus for monitoring the state of oscillation of the blades of a rotor
US4887468A (en) * 1988-06-03 1989-12-19 Westinghouse Electic Corp. Nonsynchronous turbine blade vibration monitoring system
US4922757A (en) * 1988-06-13 1990-05-08 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Apparatus for precise detection of blade passing times in a steam turbine
US4934192A (en) * 1988-07-11 1990-06-19 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Turbine blade vibration detection system
WO1995003530A1 (en) * 1993-07-20 1995-02-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Monitoring system for representing the states of vibration of a plurality of blades on a rotating wheel

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4113324A (en) * 1975-11-18 1978-09-12 Kraftwerk Union Aktiengesellschaft Auxiliary bearing for determining radial and axial play of turbine shafts
US4153388A (en) * 1976-04-30 1979-05-08 Sulzer Brothers Limited Method and apparatus for monitoring the state of oscillation of the blades of a rotor
US4887468A (en) * 1988-06-03 1989-12-19 Westinghouse Electic Corp. Nonsynchronous turbine blade vibration monitoring system
US4922757A (en) * 1988-06-13 1990-05-08 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Apparatus for precise detection of blade passing times in a steam turbine
US4934192A (en) * 1988-07-11 1990-06-19 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Turbine blade vibration detection system
WO1995003530A1 (en) * 1993-07-20 1995-02-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Monitoring system for representing the states of vibration of a plurality of blades on a rotating wheel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE9703118D0 (en) 1997-08-29
SE9703118L (en) 1999-03-01
SE510060C2 (en) 1999-04-12
AU8895798A (en) 1999-03-22

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