WO1999004378A1 - Video imaging systems - Google Patents

Video imaging systems Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1999004378A1
WO1999004378A1 PCT/GB1998/002084 GB9802084W WO9904378A1 WO 1999004378 A1 WO1999004378 A1 WO 1999004378A1 GB 9802084 W GB9802084 W GB 9802084W WO 9904378 A1 WO9904378 A1 WO 9904378A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
infra
red light
area
imaging system
video imaging
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1998/002084
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Brian Samuel Barnes
Original Assignee
Footfall Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Footfall Limited filed Critical Footfall Limited
Priority to AU83500/98A priority Critical patent/AU8350098A/en
Publication of WO1999004378A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999004378A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
    • G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
    • G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
    • G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
    • G08B13/19602—Image analysis to detect motion of the intruder, e.g. by frame subtraction
    • G08B13/19606—Discriminating between target movement or movement in an area of interest and other non-signicative movements, e.g. target movements induced by camera shake or movements of pets, falling leaves, rotating fan
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V10/00—Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding
    • G06V10/10—Image acquisition
    • G06V10/12—Details of acquisition arrangements; Constructional details thereof
    • G06V10/14—Optical characteristics of the device performing the acquisition or on the illumination arrangements
    • G06V10/143—Sensing or illuminating at different wavelengths
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V10/00—Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding
    • G06V10/20—Image preprocessing
    • G06V10/255—Detecting or recognising potential candidate objects based on visual cues, e.g. shapes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
    • G08G1/04—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled using optical or ultrasonic detectors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to improvements in video imaging systems and in particular to video imaging systems for monitoring flow of traffic through an area, of the type disclosed in UK Patent Application 961 7592.2, in which a video imager is positioned above the area looking down on the area.
  • a video imaging system for monitoring the flow of traffic through an area comprises a video imager located above the area to look down upon the area and one or more infra-red light sources positioned to illuminate at least a portion of the area or objects moving through the area with infra-red light, the video imager being sensitive to light in the infra-red region.
  • one or more infrared light sources are positioned above the area so that they project infrared light down on the area.
  • a plurality of infra-red light sources will illuminate the area, the light sources being positioned such that objects in the area will be illuminated from all sides, so that no shadows will be formed.
  • the infra-red light sources may be arranged to illuminate either side of a traffic lane, to mask shadows formed by objects passing through that traffic lane.
  • a single source of infra-red light is located close to the video imager, so that any shadows formed will be located substantially behind the object, relative to the line of sight of the video imager.
  • any shadows that are in the view of the video imager due to slight misalignment of the light source and video imager can be predicted and compensated for.
  • the infra-red light sources project light at an angle of from 0° to 40° to the line of view of the video imager.
  • an infra-red light source of a selected waveband is located to one side of the area and projects a curtain of infra-red light across the area, the curtain of infra-red light being spaced above the area, so that it will illuminate objects moving through the area, the video imager being fitted with a filter passing only infra-red light of the selected waveband.
  • the infrared light source will illuminate objects moving through the area without forming a shadow in the area, so that the imaging device may detect the objects without the problem of shadowing.
  • the infra-red light source may be directed along the line of movement of objects through the area and angled to the horizontal, so that objects of different height will be illuminated and detected in different parts of the area, so as to give an indication of the height of the object.
  • the infra-red light source will preferably project light at an angle of at least 40° to the line of view of the video imager.
  • the infra-red light sources used in the present invention may be an infrared filtered white light source, an infra-red LED, a Laser or other source which may produce infra-red light without the need for a filter.
  • Figure 1 is a diagrammatic side elevation of a video imaging system in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a view similar to Figure 1 of a modified video imaging system in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 1 of an alternative video imaging system.
  • Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 1 of a modification to the system illustrated in Figure 3.
  • a video imaging system comprises a video camera 1 0 positioned above an area 1 2 so that it looks down upon the area 1 2.
  • the camera 1 0 is sensitive to light in the infra-red region.
  • a plurality of infra-red light sources 1 4 (only two shown) emitting light above 700 nm are located above the area 1 2 so that they shine down and illuminate the area 1 2.
  • the infra-red light sources 1 4 are located so that they will illuminate objects, for example pedestrian 1 6 moving through the area 1 2 from all sides. The pedestrian 1 6 will thereby be illuminated substantially equally from all sides, thereby eliminating shadows.
  • a single infra-red light source 1 8 is located above the area 1 2 close to the camera 1 0.
  • the infra-red light source 1 8 will illuminate pedestrian 1 6 moving through the area 1 2, leaving a shadow 20.
  • the shadow 20 is however substantially obscured from the view of the camera 1 0 by the pedestrian 1 6.
  • the resulting visible shadow can be predicted and consequently compensations may be made to the image viewed.
  • an infra-red light source 22 emitting light above 700 nm is located to the side of the area 1 2.
  • the infra-red light source 22 produces a beam of infra-red light which has a narrow angle in the vertical direction and a wide angle in the horizontal direction, so that it provides a curtain of infra-red light covering the whole of the area 1 2 at a level spaced above the area 1 2 so that it will illuminate the head and shoulders of pedestrians 1 6 moving through the area 1 2.
  • the camera 1 0 has a filter which will only pass infra-red above 700 nm so that it will consequently only pick up infra-red light that is reflected from the head and shoulders of pedestrian 1 6, moving through the area 1 2.
  • the infra-red light source 22 in this embodiment will not. create shadows in the area 1 2 and in any case as the camera 1 0 only picks up reflected infra-red light, shadows will not present a problem.
  • the infra-red light source 30 is located to produce a beam of infra-red light 31 which is directed across the area 1 2 from front to rear.
  • the beam 31 is also directed downwardly so that it is higher at the front of the area 1 2 and lower at the rear.
  • the single infra-red light source may surround the lens of the camera.
  • a plurality of infra-red light sources may be used to form a curtain of infra-red light covering a relatively large area, these light sources may be located on different sides of the area. Any combination of the above described embodiments may be used to provide optimum discrimination in a particular situation.
  • the intensity of the infra-red illumination may be variable so that the light intensity may be adjusted depending on the environment in which the system is used or variations in the ambient illumination of the environment.
  • the infra-red light source or sources may be provided with cooling means, for example fans. Means may also be provided for detecting bulb or fan failure.

Abstract

A video imaging system for monitoring the flow of traffic through an area (12) includes a video camera (10) located above the area (12) and looking down upon the area (12), one or more infrared light sources (14) being positioned to illuminate at least a portion of the area (12) or objects (16) moving through the area (12) with infrared light, the video camera (10) being sensitive to light in the infrared region. Preferably, the infrared light sources (14) are positioned so that an object (16) moving through the area (12) will not cast shadows or will cast shadows in a predictable manner, so that suitable compensation can be made.

Description

VIDEO IMAGING SYSTEMS
The present invention relates to improvements in video imaging systems and in particular to video imaging systems for monitoring flow of traffic through an area, of the type disclosed in UK Patent Application 961 7592.2, in which a video imager is positioned above the area looking down on the area.
One problem with such systems is that differing lighting sources can cause unpredictable shadowing from objects on to which the light is falling, the density of the shadow depending on the strength of the light source and the colour of the background. Such shadowing is difficult to discriminate from objects to be monitored and may result in false counts.
One method of ensuring that shadowing is reduced, would be to project white light over the entire area to eliminate shadow. However, this solution would not be acceptable in many environments, where the ambience of the area would be affected by the additional lighting, such as nightclubs, rental shops and shopping malls etc, where the lighting has been purposely designed to suit the mood of the customer.
in accordance with one aspect of the present invention a video imaging system for monitoring the flow of traffic through an area comprises a video imager located above the area to look down upon the area and one or more infra-red light sources positioned to illuminate at least a portion of the area or objects moving through the area with infra-red light, the video imager being sensitive to light in the infra-red region.
By use of infra-red light in this manner, it will be possible to remove any shadow affect without changing the ambience of the area. According to one embodiment of the present invention, one or more infrared light sources are positioned above the area so that they project infrared light down on the area. According to one preferred embodiment, a plurality of infra-red light sources will illuminate the area, the light sources being positioned such that objects in the area will be illuminated from all sides, so that no shadows will be formed. Alternatively the infra-red light sources may be arranged to illuminate either side of a traffic lane, to mask shadows formed by objects passing through that traffic lane. According to a further embodiment, a single source of infra-red light is located close to the video imager, so that any shadows formed will be located substantially behind the object, relative to the line of sight of the video imager. With a single infra-red light source, any shadows that are in the view of the video imager due to slight misalignment of the light source and video imager, can be predicted and compensated for.
Preferably in this down lighting mode, the infra-red light sources project light at an angle of from 0° to 40° to the line of view of the video imager.
According to a further embodiment of the present invention, an infra-red light source of a selected waveband, is located to one side of the area and projects a curtain of infra-red light across the area, the curtain of infra-red light being spaced above the area, so that it will illuminate objects moving through the area, the video imager being fitted with a filter passing only infra-red light of the selected waveband. With this embodiment, the infrared light source will illuminate objects moving through the area without forming a shadow in the area, so that the imaging device may detect the objects without the problem of shadowing.
With this arrangement the infra-red light source may be directed along the line of movement of objects through the area and angled to the horizontal, so that objects of different height will be illuminated and detected in different parts of the area, so as to give an indication of the height of the object.
For side lighting in this manner the infra-red light source will preferably project light at an angle of at least 40° to the line of view of the video imager.
The infra-red light sources used in the present invention may be an infrared filtered white light source, an infra-red LED, a Laser or other source which may produce infra-red light without the need for a filter.
The invention is now described by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:-
Figure 1 is a diagrammatic side elevation of a video imaging system in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 2 is a view similar to Figure 1 of a modified video imaging system in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 1 of an alternative video imaging system; and
Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 1 of a modification to the system illustrated in Figure 3.
As illustrated in Figure 1 , a video imaging system comprises a video camera 1 0 positioned above an area 1 2 so that it looks down upon the area 1 2. The camera 1 0 is sensitive to light in the infra-red region.
A plurality of infra-red light sources 1 4 (only two shown) emitting light above 700 nm are located above the area 1 2 so that they shine down and illuminate the area 1 2. The infra-red light sources 1 4 are located so that they will illuminate objects, for example pedestrian 1 6 moving through the area 1 2 from all sides. The pedestrian 1 6 will thereby be illuminated substantially equally from all sides, thereby eliminating shadows.
In the alternative embodiment illustrated in Figure 2, a single infra-red light source 1 8 is located above the area 1 2 close to the camera 1 0.
With this arrangement, the infra-red light source 1 8 will illuminate pedestrian 1 6 moving through the area 1 2, leaving a shadow 20. The shadow 20 is however substantially obscured from the view of the camera 1 0 by the pedestrian 1 6.
Where the shadow 20 is not fully obscured from the camera 1 0, due to the slight misalignment of the camera 10 and infra-red light source 1 8, the resulting visible shadow can be predicted and consequently compensations may be made to the image viewed.
In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 3, an infra-red light source 22 emitting light above 700 nm, is located to the side of the area 1 2. The infra-red light source 22 produces a beam of infra-red light which has a narrow angle in the vertical direction and a wide angle in the horizontal direction, so that it provides a curtain of infra-red light covering the whole of the area 1 2 at a level spaced above the area 1 2 so that it will illuminate the head and shoulders of pedestrians 1 6 moving through the area 1 2.
The camera 1 0 has a filter which will only pass infra-red above 700 nm so that it will consequently only pick up infra-red light that is reflected from the head and shoulders of pedestrian 1 6, moving through the area 1 2. The infra-red light source 22 in this embodiment will not. create shadows in the area 1 2 and in any case as the camera 1 0 only picks up reflected infra-red light, shadows will not present a problem.
In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 4 the infra-red light source 30 is located to produce a beam of infra-red light 31 which is directed across the area 1 2 from front to rear. The beam 31 is also directed downwardly so that it is higher at the front of the area 1 2 and lower at the rear. With this arrangement tall pedestrians 1 6 will be illuminated by the beam 31 and detected by the camera 1 0 as they enter the area 1 2, whereas shorter pedestrians 1 6' will only be illuminated and detected towards the rear of the area 1 2. The height of the pedestrians 1 6, 1 6' may consequently be assessed according to the part of the area 1 2 in which they are first detected.
Various modifications may be made without departing from the invention. For example in the embodiment illustrated in Figure 2, the single infra-red light source may surround the lens of the camera. Also in the embodiment illustrated in Figure 3 a plurality of infra-red light sources may be used to form a curtain of infra-red light covering a relatively large area, these light sources may be located on different sides of the area. Any combination of the above described embodiments may be used to provide optimum discrimination in a particular situation.
The intensity of the infra-red illumination may be variable so that the light intensity may be adjusted depending on the environment in which the system is used or variations in the ambient illumination of the environment.
The infra-red light source or sources may be provided with cooling means, for example fans. Means may also be provided for detecting bulb or fan failure.

Claims

1. A video imaging system for monitoring the flow of traffic through an area (12) characterised by a video imager (10) located above the area (12) to look down upon the area (12) and one or more infra-red light sources (14;18;22) positioned to illuminate at least a portion of the area
(12) or objects (16) moving through the area (12) with infra-red light, the video imager (10) being sensitive to light in the infra-red region.
2. A video imaging system according to Claim 1 characterised in that one or more infra-red light sources (14; 18) are positioned above the area (12) so that they project infra-red light down on to the area (12).
3. A video imaging system according to Claim 2 characterised in that infra-red light sources (14) are positioned such that objects (16) in the area (12) will be illuminated from all sides.
4. A video imaging system according to Claim 2 characterised in that infra-red light sources (14) are positioned to illuminate the area (12) on either side of a traffic lane, the infra-red light masking shadows of objects in the illuminated parts of the area (12).
5. A video imaging system according to Claim 2 characterised in that a single infra-red light source (18) is located above the area (12) close to the video imager (10).
6. A video imaging system according to Claim 5 characterised in that compensation means is provided to discount shadows produced due to misalignment of the video imager (10) and the infra-red light source (18).
7. A video imaging system according to any one of Claims 2 to 6 characterised in that the infra-red light sources ( 1 4; 1 8) project light at an angle of from 0┬░ to 40┬░ to the line of view of the video imager ( 1 0) .
8. A video imaging system according to any one of the preceding claims characterised in that an infra-red light source (22) is located to one side of the area (1 2) and projects a curtain of infra-red light across the area ( 1 2), the curtain of infra-red light being spaced above the area (1 2) so that it will illuminate objects ( 1 6) moving through the area ( 1 2), the video imager ( 1 0) being fitted with filter means passing only infra-red light.
9. A video imaging system according to Claim 8 characterised in that the infra-red light source (22) produces a infra-red light beam which has a narrow angle in the vertical direction and wide angle in the horizontal direction.
1 0. A video imaging system according to Claims 8 or 9 characterised in that a plurality of infra-red light sources (22) combine to produce the curtain of infra-red light.
1 1 . A video imaging system according to any one of Claims 8 to 1 0 characterised in that the infra-red light source (22) produces a substantially horizontal curtain of infra-red light over the area ( 1 2) .
1 2. A video imaging system according to any one of Claims 8 to 10 characterised in that the curtain of infra-red light is inclined to the horizontal, along the line of movement of objects ( 1 6) through the area ( 1 2) .
1 3. A video imaging system according to Claim ( 1 2) characterised in that the infra-red light sources (22) project light at an angle of at least 40┬░
. to the line of view of the video imager (1 0).
1 4. A video imaging system according to any one of the preceding claims characterised in that the infra-red light is of a selected wave band.
1 5. A video imaging system according to any one of the preceding i claims characterised in that the infra-red light has a wave length above
700 nm.
PCT/GB1998/002084 1997-07-19 1998-07-15 Video imaging systems WO1999004378A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU83500/98A AU8350098A (en) 1997-07-19 1998-07-15 Video imaging systems

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9715166.6 1997-07-19
GB9715166A GB9715166D0 (en) 1997-07-19 1997-07-19 Video imaging system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999004378A1 true WO1999004378A1 (en) 1999-01-28

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AU (1) AU8350098A (en)
GB (1) GB9715166D0 (en)
WO (1) WO1999004378A1 (en)

Cited By (10)

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US6697104B1 (en) 2000-01-13 2004-02-24 Countwise, Llc Video based system and method for detecting and counting persons traversing an area being monitored
WO2004040515A1 (en) * 2002-10-31 2004-05-13 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for compensating for shadows in digital images
EP1548673A1 (en) * 2003-12-23 2005-06-29 Airbus Deutschland GmbH Lighting arrangement for a surveillance camera
US7612796B2 (en) 2000-01-13 2009-11-03 Countwise, Llc Video-based system and method for counting persons traversing areas being monitored
US8842182B2 (en) 2009-12-22 2014-09-23 Leddartech Inc. Active 3D monitoring system for traffic detection
US8908159B2 (en) 2011-05-11 2014-12-09 Leddartech Inc. Multiple-field-of-view scannerless optical rangefinder in high ambient background light
US9235988B2 (en) 2012-03-02 2016-01-12 Leddartech Inc. System and method for multipurpose traffic detection and characterization
US9378640B2 (en) 2011-06-17 2016-06-28 Leddartech Inc. System and method for traffic side detection and characterization
US10488492B2 (en) 2014-09-09 2019-11-26 Leddarttech Inc. Discretization of detection zone
USRE49950E1 (en) 2022-11-10 2024-04-30 Leddartech Inc. Distance detection method and system

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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6697104B1 (en) 2000-01-13 2004-02-24 Countwise, Llc Video based system and method for detecting and counting persons traversing an area being monitored
US7612796B2 (en) 2000-01-13 2009-11-03 Countwise, Llc Video-based system and method for counting persons traversing areas being monitored
WO2004040515A1 (en) * 2002-10-31 2004-05-13 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for compensating for shadows in digital images
DE10250705A1 (en) * 2002-10-31 2004-05-13 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Method and device for shadow compensation in digital images
US7362882B2 (en) * 2002-10-31 2008-04-22 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for compensating for shadows in digital images
EP1548673A1 (en) * 2003-12-23 2005-06-29 Airbus Deutschland GmbH Lighting arrangement for a surveillance camera
US7738033B2 (en) 2003-12-23 2010-06-15 Airbus Deutschland Gmbh Illumination device for a monitoring camera
US8842182B2 (en) 2009-12-22 2014-09-23 Leddartech Inc. Active 3D monitoring system for traffic detection
US8908159B2 (en) 2011-05-11 2014-12-09 Leddartech Inc. Multiple-field-of-view scannerless optical rangefinder in high ambient background light
USRE47134E1 (en) 2011-05-11 2018-11-20 Leddartech Inc. Multiple-field-of-view scannerless optical rangefinder in high ambient background light
USRE48763E1 (en) 2011-05-11 2021-10-05 Leddartech Inc. Multiple-field-of-view scannerless optical rangefinder in high ambient background light
US9378640B2 (en) 2011-06-17 2016-06-28 Leddartech Inc. System and method for traffic side detection and characterization
US9235988B2 (en) 2012-03-02 2016-01-12 Leddartech Inc. System and method for multipurpose traffic detection and characterization
USRE48914E1 (en) 2012-03-02 2022-02-01 Leddartech Inc. System and method for multipurpose traffic detection and characterization
US10488492B2 (en) 2014-09-09 2019-11-26 Leddarttech Inc. Discretization of detection zone
USRE49950E1 (en) 2022-11-10 2024-04-30 Leddartech Inc. Distance detection method and system

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