WO1999004164A1 - Helical wind rotor and a method for manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Helical wind rotor and a method for manufacturing the same Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1999004164A1
WO1999004164A1 PCT/FI1998/000386 FI9800386W WO9904164A1 WO 1999004164 A1 WO1999004164 A1 WO 1999004164A1 FI 9800386 W FI9800386 W FI 9800386W WO 9904164 A1 WO9904164 A1 WO 9904164A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
blade
rotor
wind rotor
section
helical
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI1998/000386
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Reijo Jaakkola
Original Assignee
Shield Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shield Oy filed Critical Shield Oy
Priority to AT98920552T priority Critical patent/ATE274640T1/en
Priority to AU73370/98A priority patent/AU7337098A/en
Priority to JP50647799A priority patent/JP2002507266A/en
Priority to DE69825898T priority patent/DE69825898D1/en
Priority to EP98920552A priority patent/EP0993551B1/en
Priority to CA002294094A priority patent/CA2294094A1/en
Publication of WO1999004164A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999004164A1/en
Priority to US09/446,926 priority patent/US6428275B1/en
Priority to NO996418A priority patent/NO996418L/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/005—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  the axis being vertical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/211—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis
    • F05B2240/213—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis of the Savonius type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2250/00—Geometry
    • F05B2250/20—Geometry three-dimensional
    • F05B2250/25—Geometry three-dimensional helical
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S416/00—Fluid reaction surfaces, i.e. impellers
    • Y10S416/02—Formulas of curves
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S416/00—Fluid reaction surfaces, i.e. impellers
    • Y10S416/04—Fluid current motor and generator

Definitions

  • the invention concerns a helical wind rotor, comprising at least two blades which, as observed in cross section, are of substantially equivalent shape and curved, and are located parallel with the rotational axis and so that the blades are arranged most suitably at equal intervals with respect to the rotation angle of a cylindrical co-ordinate system.
  • the blade cross sections are arranged to revolve in the longitudinal direction of the wind rotor.
  • a conventional rotor of the above presented type the so called Savonius-rotor, patented e.g. in Finland with number 65940, consists of two blades of the shape of semicircular cylinder, which are located symmetrically with respect to the rotational axis.
  • the cross section of this kind of rotor remains constant along the longitudinal direction and furthermore, the top and bottom edges are provided with cap plates .
  • a further reshaped wind rotor is presented in the Finnish patent number 67919.
  • the cap plates are removed and a helical form is added, so as to eliminate the so called dead positions in the rotor.
  • the xy-plane cross section revolves evenly around the wind rotor vertical axis while moving in the longitudinal direction of the wind rotor.
  • the rotor design in question comprises a chassis and two oblong blades with a curved cross section, and which are arranged in the axial direction around the geometrical axis symmetrically, so that the concave blade sides partially overlap each other, leaving an axial gap between the blade inner edges.
  • the blades are twisted in a helical manner relative to each other.
  • the rotor shaft which is a part of the rotor structure is parallel to the geometrical axis and connected at one end to the chassis.
  • the rotor structure contains, transversally to the rotor shaft, rib-like adapters which connect the blade edges to each other, so as to reinforce the structure.
  • the wind rotor adapters are adjusted successively in the longitudinal direction and additionally, they are domed in cross section, for example in the form of an aircraft wing profile.
  • the concerned publication presents wind rotor applications where the torsion of blades is 180°.
  • the above depicted developed wind rotor is especially due to its helical shape distinctly more advantageous than the former comparable ones, because wind from almost any direction causes wind rotor movement.
  • a vital problem related to this type of wind rotor is, nevertheless, the difficulty of its manufacturing which necessitates always making a full wind rotor length mould, because the blades cannot be manufactured by forming of planar sheet blanks . Therefore also the manufacturing costs of the wind rotor type in question are very high, because the manufacturing requires firstly very accurate dimensioning and secondly also high professional skill, in order to arrive at the desired result.
  • Another problem associated with this solution is also that when wind rotors are manufactured with slightly variant dimensioning, entirely individual moulds must be separately dimensioned and manufactured for each.
  • the helical wind rotor according to this invention is intended to bring about a decisive improvement in the problems described above and thus to essentially enhance the level of technology in this field.
  • the wind rotor according to the invention is mainly characterised by that the cross section of the blade belonging to the wind rotor is arranged substantially different from the shape of semicircle, so as to enable manufacturing of the blade of a substantially planar blank .
  • the most important advantage of the wind rotor according to the invention is facilitating its manufacturing, because it is not necessary to make a concrete full wind rotor length mould, but the desired wind rotor shape can be created even very easily, depending on raw material, for example by mangling planar blade blanks or by bending to the correct shape blade blanks made of elastic material.
  • the blade may be supported to correct position at only top and bottom edges with for instance a tubular chassis, and the rigid shaft structure keeps the correct height and the rest of the blade settles to correct shape. Accordingly, the blade may also be supported along the helix curves of the inner and outer edges.
  • the manufacturing costs of a wind rotor according to the invention are therefore particularly inexpensive, and also manufacturing of wind rotors of slightly variant dimensioning is easily and accurately feasible, owing to the computational shape definition for the planar blade blanks .
  • the invention relates also to a method for manufacturing a wind rotor, which is defined in more detail in the introduction part of the independent claim related to it .
  • the primary characteristics of the method are presented in the characterising part of the corresponding claim.
  • the most important advantages of the method according to the invention are its technical simplicity and clarity of the computational preparation or the shape definition for the planar blade blank, which further enables manufacturing of a wind rotor at a very low cost .
  • the vital advantage of the method is that, contrary to prior methods of manufacturing of wind rotors of comparable type, the wind rotor can be dimensioned computationally as unambiguous planar blanks which can be further formed into a very accurately dimensioned wind rotor, using an appropriate method for sheet material forming .
  • the method according to the invention is exceptionally advantageous especially because a full wind rotor length mould is no more necessary, but a wind rotor according to the invention can be assembled using very simple supporting structures, by bending the computationally defined planar blade blank into desired shape.
  • Another vital advantage of the invention is also that the raw material for blades can be chosen more diversely than in prior solutions.
  • Fig. 1 presents the cross section of the blade belonging to a conventional wind rotor and the parameters used in the related mathematical study
  • Fig. 2 presents a blade belonging to a conventional wind rotor as a parallel projection and the parameters related to three-dimensionality, used in the mathematical study,
  • Fig. 3 presents a planar unfolded blade belonging to a wind rotor according to the invention and parameters related to planar unfolding, used in the mathematical study,
  • Fig. 4 presents the cross section of a conventional wind rotor
  • Fig. 5 presents the cross section of a wind rotor according to the invention
  • Fig. 6 presents a planar unfolded blade belonging to a wind rotor according to the invention.
  • Fig. 7 presents the blades of a wind rotor according to the invention as a parallel projection.
  • Helical wind rotor comprising at least two blades 1 which, as observed in cross section, are of substantially equivalent shape and curved, and are located parallel with the rotational axis o and so that the blades 1 are arranged most suitably at equal intervals with respect to the rotation angle of a cylindrical co-ordinate system o,z.
  • the blade cross sections sp are arranged to revolve in the longitudinal direction z of the wind rotor.
  • the blade cross section sp belonging to the wind rotor is arranged substantially different from the shape of semicircle, so as to enable manufacturing of the blade of a substantially planar blank .
  • the shape f ( ⁇ ) of the cross section sp and the section curve ⁇ ( ⁇ ), ⁇ ( ⁇ ) of the planar unfolded blade 1' is defined as a boundary value problem: Y ( ⁇ ) - ⁇ ' ( ⁇ ) f ( ⁇ ) f ( ⁇ )
  • planar unfolded blade 1 ' presented in figure 6 is a part cut off a circular annulus, whose other dimensions are defined by the equations:
  • H 4.
  • helical 90° or also any other angle it is naturally possible to use also helical 90° or also any other angle.
  • the method according to the invention is based on manufacturing the blade of a substantially planar blank, whereat the blade cross section is arranged substantially different from the shape of semicircle.
  • the first requirement is that the corner angles ⁇ (0) and ⁇ ( ⁇ ) in top and bottom edges shall be correct. Because ⁇ ( ⁇ ) is not constant, the bottom edge cannot be mapped as a straight line.
  • the blank is placed so that the upward spiral edges are mapped vertical and the inner corner of bottom edge is at bottom to the left. Because the traces of different points of the xy-plane section are of different length, the vertical blank edge cannot be straight, either. Yet, because it must have a constant width, it should be mapped as an annular sector. The regularity in vertical direction implies that it is specifically a circular annulus .
  • the concepts related to the geometry of the planar unfolded blade and in particular the concepts related to its lower edge or the unfolded section curve p( ⁇ ) Radius of annulus, p 0 inner radius of annulus, ⁇ ( ⁇ ) horizontal co-ordinate of the section curve, ⁇ ( ⁇ ) vertical co-ordinate of the section curve, ⁇ ( ⁇ ) angle of a radius drawn to the section curve, with respect to horizontal direction, ⁇ angle of the entire annular sector.
  • the co-ordinates cannot generally be stated in closed form.
  • the derivatives on ⁇ may be stated as :
  • the bend radius may also be presented as function of the ⁇ - and ⁇ -co-ordinates as follows:
  • Equation 14 f (0)
  • Equation 15 p 0
  • Figure 7 presents a wind rotor shaped according to the procedure presented above as a parallel projection.
  • the material for a planar blank shall be such that it bends but does not stretch too easily. Thin metal sheets and many polymer sheets behave just like that. When the structure is supported only at top and bottom edges with for instance a tubular chassis and the rigid shaft structure keeps the correct height, the rest of the blade settles to correct shape. On the other hand, bending elasticity tends to stretch the wind rotor in longitudinal direction, which implies that fastening of the shaft and the blade must be designed to cope with this strain. Considering the wind rotor operation, it is also essential that the shaft vicinity is open so that air flow can pass from one blade to another, which naturally has to be taken into account when designing for instance potential support structures .
  • the boundary conditions of equation 10 have been chosen so that the start and end point of the blade cross section and the rotor axis are all on the same straight line.
  • the boundary conditions for the differential equation can also be selected otherwise, still enabling unfolding of the blade into plane. In such cases for instance a blade may be obtained, where a strip is removed from either edge, or which is extended either inwards or outwards. It is also possible to support the rotor blades elastically so that in strong wind the rotor diameter temporarily increases .

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
  • Combined Devices Of Dampers And Springs (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Formation And Processing Of Food Products (AREA)

Abstract

Helical wind rotor, comprising at least two blades (1) which, as observed in cross section, are of substantially equivalent shape and curve, and are located parallel with the rotational axis (o) and so that the blades (1) are arranged most suitably at equal intervals with respect to the rotation angle of a cylindrical co-ordinate system (o, z). In order to bring about helical form of the wind rotor, the blade cross sections (sp) are arranged to revolve in the longitudinal direction (z) of the wind rotor. The blade cross section (sp) belonging to the wind rotor is arranged substantially different from the shape of semicircle, so as to enable manufacturing of the blade of a substantially planar blank. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a wind rotor of the above presented type.

Description

Helical wind rotor and a method for manufacturing the same
The invention concerns a helical wind rotor, comprising at least two blades which, as observed in cross section, are of substantially equivalent shape and curved, and are located parallel with the rotational axis and so that the blades are arranged most suitably at equal intervals with respect to the rotation angle of a cylindrical co-ordinate system. In order to bring about helical form of the wind rotor, the blade cross sections are arranged to revolve in the longitudinal direction of the wind rotor.
A conventional rotor of the above presented type, the so called Savonius-rotor, patented e.g. in Finland with number 65940, consists of two blades of the shape of semicircular cylinder, which are located symmetrically with respect to the rotational axis. The cross section of this kind of rotor remains constant along the longitudinal direction and furthermore, the top and bottom edges are provided with cap plates .
In order to further develop the above mentioned rotor, a further reshaped wind rotor is presented in the Finnish patent number 67919. In this so called Windside rotor, the cap plates are removed and a helical form is added, so as to eliminate the so called dead positions in the rotor. In this wind rotor the xy-plane cross section revolves evenly around the wind rotor vertical axis while moving in the longitudinal direction of the wind rotor. The rotor design in question comprises a chassis and two oblong blades with a curved cross section, and which are arranged in the axial direction around the geometrical axis symmetrically, so that the concave blade sides partially overlap each other, leaving an axial gap between the blade inner edges. In addition, the blades are twisted in a helical manner relative to each other. The rotor shaft which is a part of the rotor structure is parallel to the geometrical axis and connected at one end to the chassis. The rotor structure contains, transversally to the rotor shaft, rib-like adapters which connect the blade edges to each other, so as to reinforce the structure. The wind rotor adapters are adjusted successively in the longitudinal direction and additionally, they are domed in cross section, for example in the form of an aircraft wing profile. The concerned publication presents wind rotor applications where the torsion of blades is 180°.
The above depicted developed wind rotor is especially due to its helical shape distinctly more advantageous than the former comparable ones, because wind from almost any direction causes wind rotor movement. A vital problem related to this type of wind rotor is, nevertheless, the difficulty of its manufacturing which necessitates always making a full wind rotor length mould, because the blades cannot be manufactured by forming of planar sheet blanks . Therefore also the manufacturing costs of the wind rotor type in question are very high, because the manufacturing requires firstly very accurate dimensioning and secondly also high professional skill, in order to arrive at the desired result. Another problem associated with this solution is also that when wind rotors are manufactured with slightly variant dimensioning, entirely individual moulds must be separately dimensioned and manufactured for each.
The helical wind rotor according to this invention is intended to bring about a decisive improvement in the problems described above and thus to essentially enhance the level of technology in this field. To achieve this aim, the wind rotor according to the invention is mainly characterised by that the cross section of the blade belonging to the wind rotor is arranged substantially different from the shape of semicircle, so as to enable manufacturing of the blade of a substantially planar blank .
The most important advantage of the wind rotor according to the invention is facilitating its manufacturing, because it is not necessary to make a concrete full wind rotor length mould, but the desired wind rotor shape can be created even very easily, depending on raw material, for example by mangling planar blade blanks or by bending to the correct shape blade blanks made of elastic material. Using for example thin metal sheets or polymer sheets, the blade may be supported to correct position at only top and bottom edges with for instance a tubular chassis, and the rigid shaft structure keeps the correct height and the rest of the blade settles to correct shape. Accordingly, the blade may also be supported along the helix curves of the inner and outer edges. The manufacturing costs of a wind rotor according to the invention are therefore particularly inexpensive, and also manufacturing of wind rotors of slightly variant dimensioning is easily and accurately feasible, owing to the computational shape definition for the planar blade blanks .
Advantageous embodiments of the wind rotor according to the invention are presented in the related independent claims .
The invention relates also to a method for manufacturing a wind rotor, which is defined in more detail in the introduction part of the independent claim related to it . The primary characteristics of the method are presented in the characterising part of the corresponding claim.
The most important advantages of the method according to the invention are its technical simplicity and clarity of the computational preparation or the shape definition for the planar blade blank, which further enables manufacturing of a wind rotor at a very low cost . The vital advantage of the method is that, contrary to prior methods of manufacturing of wind rotors of comparable type, the wind rotor can be dimensioned computationally as unambiguous planar blanks which can be further formed into a very accurately dimensioned wind rotor, using an appropriate method for sheet material forming . The method according to the invention is exceptionally advantageous especially because a full wind rotor length mould is no more necessary, but a wind rotor according to the invention can be assembled using very simple supporting structures, by bending the computationally defined planar blade blank into desired shape. Another vital advantage of the invention is also that the raw material for blades can be chosen more diversely than in prior solutions.
Advantageous embodiments of the method according to the invention are presented in the related independent claims .
The invention is clarified in detail in the following explanation where
Fig. 1 presents the cross section of the blade belonging to a conventional wind rotor and the parameters used in the related mathematical study,
Fig. 2 presents a blade belonging to a conventional wind rotor as a parallel projection and the parameters related to three-dimensionality, used in the mathematical study,
Fig. 3 presents a planar unfolded blade belonging to a wind rotor according to the invention and parameters related to planar unfolding, used in the mathematical study,
Fig. 4 presents the cross section of a conventional wind rotor,
Fig. 5 presents the cross section of a wind rotor according to the invention,
Fig. 6 presents a planar unfolded blade belonging to a wind rotor according to the invention, and
Fig. 7 presents the blades of a wind rotor according to the invention as a parallel projection.
Helical wind rotor, comprising at least two blades 1 which, as observed in cross section, are of substantially equivalent shape and curved, and are located parallel with the rotational axis o and so that the blades 1 are arranged most suitably at equal intervals with respect to the rotation angle of a cylindrical co-ordinate system o,z. In order to bring about helical form of the wind rotor, the blade cross sections sp are arranged to revolve in the longitudinal direction z of the wind rotor. The blade cross section sp belonging to the wind rotor is arranged substantially different from the shape of semicircle, so as to enable manufacturing of the blade of a substantially planar blank .
As an advantageous embodiment of the invention, particularly referring to figures 1, 2, and 3, and using the parameters declared in them, the shape f (φ) of the cross section sp and the section curve ξ(φ), η(φ) of the planar unfolded blade 1' is defined as a boundary value problem: Y (Φ) - η' (φ) f (φ) f (φ)
Figure imgf000008_0001
ξ (0)
η (0)
Q f (0) 2
1 f (π] 2
Further the planar unfolded blade 1 ' presented in figure 6 is a part cut off a circular annulus, whose other dimensions are defined by the equations:
Figure imgf000008_0002
Further as an advantageous embodiment, particularly related to the solution presented in figure 7, the total helical torsion of the wind rotor is U = 180° and the rotor height H = 2. Considering practical applications, using a more elongated rotor may be advantageous, for instance H = 4. It is naturally possible to use also helical 90° or also any other angle. Further it is possible to construct a wind rotor of for example three blades in same cross section.
Hence, the method according to the invention is based on manufacturing the blade of a substantially planar blank, whereat the blade cross section is arranged substantially different from the shape of semicircle.
An argument for the above said is seen through mathematical study where, using the parameters presented in figures 1 and 2, the following equations are obtained for a semicircular blade xy-plane section:
π ation 1 :
1 f ( φ ) - - X " Q cos ( φ ) ( 1 - Q) cos (φ! 4 Q 4 4
Regardless of the xy-plane section shape, it may be stated:
-φ
Equation 2: s(φ) = ι Jf(t)2 - f' (t)2 dt
Equation 3 : g (φ) = H JE2 f (φ) 2 - 1
Equation 4: tan (β (φ) ) = E f(φ)
If the blade surface is to be unfolded to plane, the first requirement is that the corner angles β(0) and β(π) in top and bottom edges shall be correct. Because β(φ) is not constant, the bottom edge cannot be mapped as a straight line.
The blank is placed so that the upward spiral edges are mapped vertical and the inner corner of bottom edge is at bottom to the left. Because the traces of different points of the xy-plane section are of different length, the vertical blank edge cannot be straight, either. Yet, because it must have a constant width, it should be mapped as an annular sector. The regularity in vertical direction implies that it is specifically a circular annulus .
Next, the concepts related to the geometry of the planar unfolded blade and in particular the concepts related to its lower edge or the unfolded section curve: p(φ) Radius of annulus, p0 inner radius of annulus, ξ(φ) horizontal co-ordinate of the section curve, η(φ) vertical co-ordinate of the section curve, θ(φ) angle of a radius drawn to the section curve, with respect to horizontal direction, ψ angle of the entire annular sector.
The section curve now starts to direction angle β(0) at the low left point ξ = 0, η = 0, and its length along the curve is s(φ) . The co-ordinates cannot generally be stated in closed form. The derivatives on φ may be stated as :
Equation 5: ξ' (φ) = s' (φ) cos ( β ( φ ) - θ ( φ )
f (φ) f (φ) cos (β (φ) - θ(φ) )
Equation 6: η' (φ) = s' (φ) sin (β (φ) - θ (φ)
f (φ) - f (φ) sin (β (φ θ(φ) )
The following dependency is obtained for the angle θ(φ) : η (Φ) Equation 7: tan(θ (φ)) - ξ(φ)
A general formula for the sector bend radius is obtained straightforward :
g (( Equation 8 : p (φ )
Ψ
- 2 (Φ)2 Ψ
The bend radius may also be presented as function of the ξ- and η-co-ordinates as follows:
Equation 9: p(φ) = |( p0 - ξ(φ) ) - η(φ!
The equations 5 through 9 yield a set of three differential equations for three unknown functions f(φ), ξ(φ) ja η(φ) :
Equation 10: ξ' (φ) - r (φ) 2 = f (φ) f' (φ)2
Equation 11:
Figure imgf000011_0001
Equation 12
Figure imgf000011_0002
The initial conditions for functions ξ(φ) and η(φ) are obtained directly from the definition:
Equation 13: ξ (0) = 0
η (0) = 0
Requiring that the section curve start and end points fall on the same straight line with the rotor axis, the following boundary conditions are obtained:
Q
Equation 14 : f (0)
2 1 f (π) 2
The semicircular section curve of a Windside-rotor (FI 67919) or equation 1 does not satisfy the requirement stated in equations 10 through 14.
The special case where the torsion angle approaches zero is a singularity. Then the inclination angle β(φ) approaches constant zero, g(φ) approaches constant one, and the bend radius p increases to infinity. In this case of an upright blade, any function f(φ) satisfies the condition set for a blank which can be unfolded to plane .
The task is now to work out which shapes satisfy the requirement presented in equations 10 through 14. The complicated non-linear set of differential equations can only be solved by numerical methods . Having set the parameter Q, a blank sector angle ψ satisfying the boundary condition of equation 14 is searched by trial and iteration. The solution yields an approximation of the functions f (φ) , ξ(φ) , and η(φ) . It is seen that for each value of parameter Q can be found a unique solution, when the value falls in the range (δ, 1) , where δ is a low limit, in the vicinity of the value 0.2. A solution cannot be found at smaller values and when approaching the low limit, the shape is unfavourable in the respect that the curve starts rather steeply away from the rotor axis . Other blade shapes which can be unfolded to plane may be found if the basic geometry stated in the beginning is somehow modified.
In order to draw a planar blank, the rest of blank dimensions are yet to be solved. From equation 8 the inner and outer edge radii for the annular sector are obtained:
Equation 15 : p0
Figure imgf000013_0001
The inner edge cord J and the inclination angle function β(φ) are obtained further from the equations:
Equation 16: J = 2 p0 sin I —
Equation 17: β (φ) = arctan(E f (φ))
Figure 7 presents a wind rotor shaped according to the procedure presented above as a parallel projection.
The material for a planar blank shall be such that it bends but does not stretch too easily. Thin metal sheets and many polymer sheets behave just like that. When the structure is supported only at top and bottom edges with for instance a tubular chassis and the rigid shaft structure keeps the correct height, the rest of the blade settles to correct shape. On the other hand, bending elasticity tends to stretch the wind rotor in longitudinal direction, which implies that fastening of the shaft and the blade must be designed to cope with this strain. Considering the wind rotor operation, it is also essential that the shaft vicinity is open so that air flow can pass from one blade to another, which naturally has to be taken into account when designing for instance potential support structures .
It is obvious that the invention is not limited by the embodiments presented or described above, but it can be modified within the same basic idea. For example, the boundary conditions of equation 10 have been chosen so that the start and end point of the blade cross section and the rotor axis are all on the same straight line. The boundary conditions for the differential equation can also be selected otherwise, still enabling unfolding of the blade into plane. In such cases for instance a blade may be obtained, where a strip is removed from either edge, or which is extended either inwards or outwards. It is also possible to support the rotor blades elastically so that in strong wind the rotor diameter temporarily increases .

Claims

Claims :
1. Helical wind rotor, comprising at least two blades (1) which, as observed in cross section, are of substantially equivalent shape and curved, and are located parallel with the rotational axis (o) and so that the blades (1) are arranged most suitably at equal intervals with respect to the rotation angle of a cylindrical co-ordinate system (o,z) and, wherein in order to bring about helical form of the wind rotor, the blade cross sections (sp) are arranged to revolve in the longitudinal direction (z) of the wind rotor, characterised in that the blade cross section (sp) belonging to the wind rotor is arranged substantially different from the shape of semicircle, so as to enable manufacturing of the blade of a substantially planar blank.
2. Wind rotor according to claim 1, characterised in that the planar unfolded blade (1') is a part cut off a circular annulus, wherein the shape of the blade cross section (sp) and the circular annulus dimensions and the section curve are defined by the equations:
Y ( Φ ) - η - ( Φ ) = f ( Φ ) f ( ψ :
Figure imgf000015_0001
╬╛ ( 0 ) = 0
╬╖ ( 0 ) = 0
Q f ( 0 ) -- 2
1 f ( π ) - 2
Figure imgf000016_0001
E
Pπ -~
Ψ 4 where :
H = rotor height,
Q = gap between blade inner edges, in proportion to the rotor diameter, φ = xy-plane polar angle co-ordinate, φ = 0 at blade inner edge, f (φ) _ distance from rotor axis to a blade point as a function of polar angle φ, in proportion to the rotor diameter, ξ (ψ) horizontal co-ordinate of the unfolded section curve, η (φ) vertical co-ordinate of the unfolded section curve,
Po = inner radius of circular annulus, Pπ = outer radius of circular annulus,
Ψ = angle of entire annular sector, U = total helical torsion of blade, E = helical slope of blade = U/H.
3. Wind rotor according to any of claims 1 - 2, characterised in that the total helical torsion of blade U = π or 180° and rotor height H = 4.
4. Method for manufacturing a helical wind rotor, comprising at least two blades (1) which, as observed in cross section, are of substantially equivalent shape and curved, and are located parallel with the rotational axis (o) and so that the blades (1) are arranged most suitably at equal intervals with respect to the rotation angle of a cylindrical co-ordinate system (o,z) and, wherein in order to bring about helical form of the wind rotor, the blade cross sections (sp) are arranged to revolve in the longitudinal direction (z) of the wind rotor, characterised in that the blade belonging to the wind rotor is manufactured of a substantially planar blank, wherein the blade cross section (sp) is arranged substantially different from the shape of semicircle.
5. Method according to claim 4 , characterised in that the planar unfolded blade (l1) is a part cut off a circular annulus, wherein the shape of the blade cross section (sp) and the circular annulus dimensions and the section curve are defined by the equations:
Y (Φ) : ψ ) = f ( Φ . f ( ψ :
Figure imgf000017_0001
╬╛ (0) 0
╬╖ (0) 0
Q f ( 0) 2
1 f (π! 2
Figure imgf000018_0001
, where :
H = rotor height, Q = gap between blade inner edges, in proportion to the rotor diameter,
Φ = xy-plane polar angle co-ordinate, φ = 0 at blade inner edge, f (φ) _ distance from rotor axis to a blade point as a function of polar angle φ, in proportion to the rotor diameter, ξ(φ) horizontal co-ordinate of the unfolded section curve , η(φ) vertical co-ordinate of the unfolded section curve ,
Po = inner radius of circular annulus, Pπ = outer radius of circular annulus,
Ψ = angle of entire annular sector,
U = total helical torsion of blade, E = helical slope of blade = U/H.
PCT/FI1998/000386 1997-06-30 1998-05-06 Helical wind rotor and a method for manufacturing the same WO1999004164A1 (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT98920552T ATE274640T1 (en) 1997-06-30 1998-05-06 SCREW-SHAPED WIND ROTOR AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME
AU73370/98A AU7337098A (en) 1997-06-30 1998-05-06 Helical wind rotor and a method for manufacturing the same
JP50647799A JP2002507266A (en) 1997-06-30 1998-05-06 Spiral wind rotor and method for manufacturing the same
DE69825898T DE69825898D1 (en) 1997-06-30 1998-05-06 SCREW-SHAPED WIND ROTOR AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF
EP98920552A EP0993551B1 (en) 1997-06-30 1998-05-06 Helical wind rotor and a method for manufacturing the same
CA002294094A CA2294094A1 (en) 1997-06-30 1998-05-06 Helical wind rotor and a method for manufacturing the same
US09/446,926 US6428275B1 (en) 1997-06-30 1999-05-06 Helical wind rotor and a method for manufacturing the same
NO996418A NO996418L (en) 1997-06-30 1999-12-22 Spiral wind rotor and method of making same

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI972806A FI972806A (en) 1997-06-30 1997-06-30 Spiral wind rotor and method of manufacturing the same
FI972806 1997-06-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999004164A1 true WO1999004164A1 (en) 1999-01-28

Family

ID=8549158

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FI1998/000386 WO1999004164A1 (en) 1997-06-30 1998-05-06 Helical wind rotor and a method for manufacturing the same

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US6428275B1 (en)
EP (1) EP0993551B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2002507266A (en)
CN (1) CN1105240C (en)
AT (1) ATE274640T1 (en)
AU (1) AU7337098A (en)
CA (1) CA2294094A1 (en)
DE (1) DE69825898D1 (en)
FI (1) FI972806A (en)
NO (1) NO996418L (en)
RU (1) RU2187016C2 (en)
WO (1) WO1999004164A1 (en)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2801937A1 (en) * 1999-12-06 2001-06-08 Leon Ruffieux Wind-driven rotor with vertical axis of rotation for electricity generation has semi-cylindrical vanes with cut-away leading and trailing edges
US7132760B2 (en) 2002-07-31 2006-11-07 Becker William S Wind turbine device
US7362004B2 (en) 2003-07-29 2008-04-22 Becker William S Wind turbine device
WO2009093922A1 (en) * 2008-01-24 2009-07-30 Srdjan Ceramilac Three wing radial wind-turbine
WO2009099683A3 (en) * 2008-02-01 2009-10-08 Windside America Fluid rotor
EP2115300A1 (en) * 2007-02-13 2009-11-11 Helix Wind, Inc. Wind-driven electricity generation device with segmented savonius rotor
WO2012089806A1 (en) * 2010-12-31 2012-07-05 Dacus Walter Wind turbine with vertical axis
US8864440B2 (en) 2010-11-15 2014-10-21 Sauer Energy, Incc. Wind sail turbine
US8905704B2 (en) 2010-11-15 2014-12-09 Sauer Energy, Inc. Wind sail turbine
WO2015189155A1 (en) * 2014-06-10 2015-12-17 Philéole Savonius wind power rotor

Families Citing this family (45)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7775843B1 (en) 2002-06-07 2010-08-17 Vanderhye Robert A Wind turbine boats, watercraft drives, and wind turbine enhancements
US7980825B2 (en) * 2005-10-18 2011-07-19 Robert A. Vanderhye Savonius rotor blade construction particularly for a three bladed savonius rotor
US7314346B2 (en) * 2005-11-03 2008-01-01 Vanderhye Robert A Three bladed Savonius rotor
US7344353B2 (en) * 2005-05-13 2008-03-18 Arrowind Corporation Helical wind turbine
US20070029807A1 (en) * 2005-08-08 2007-02-08 Clayton Kass Methods and systems for generating wind energy
US7287954B2 (en) * 2005-09-30 2007-10-30 California Energy & Power Omni directional baffled wind energy power converter apparatus and method
US7393177B2 (en) * 2005-11-04 2008-07-01 Rahai Hamid R Vertical axis wind turbine with optimized blade profile
EP1971771A1 (en) * 2006-01-12 2008-09-24 Nheolis (Sarl) Horizontal-axis wind generator
US8523522B1 (en) 2006-03-13 2013-09-03 Robert A. Vanderhye Vertical axis wind turbine rotating design elements
US7494315B2 (en) * 2006-05-05 2009-02-24 Hart James R Helical taper induced vortical flow turbine
JP4839995B2 (en) * 2006-07-12 2011-12-21 パナソニック株式会社 Savonius windmill
US20080085179A1 (en) * 2006-10-06 2008-04-10 California Energy & Power Wind power converting apparatus and method
US8251662B2 (en) * 2007-01-22 2012-08-28 Parker Daniel B Wind turbine blade assembly and apparatus
US20080246284A1 (en) * 2007-04-05 2008-10-09 Blue Green Pacific, Inc. Easily adaptable and configurable wind-based power generation system with scaled turbine system
CA2690740A1 (en) * 2007-06-13 2008-12-24 Skyron Systems, Inc. Wind turbine blade
PT2185810T (en) * 2007-08-08 2016-12-27 1070118 B C Ltd Transverse-axis turbine with twisted foils
ES2338835B1 (en) * 2007-10-16 2011-02-18 Salvador Domenech Barcons MOTOR FORCE GENERATOR DEVICE.
KR100895038B1 (en) * 2007-11-07 2009-05-04 주식회사 케이.알 Swept turbine blade assembly for vertical wind turbine system
FR2930300B1 (en) * 2008-04-22 2011-10-21 Nheolis BLADE FOR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING ENERGY FROM A FLUID FLOW THAT CAN BE AIR OR WATER
US7744338B2 (en) * 2008-09-04 2010-06-29 California Energy & Power Fluid turbine systems
DE102009005127A1 (en) 2009-01-12 2010-07-15 Ziemba, Martin Wind power blade wheel rotor or wind power plant has four equal-sized blade wheels which are set to ninety degree, where blade surfaces of blade wheels, which correspond to cone, reduce at upper side and end in cone point
US7821153B2 (en) * 2009-02-09 2010-10-26 Grayhawke Applied Technologies System and method for generating electricity
EP2416663A2 (en) * 2009-03-18 2012-02-15 Martin Benedict George Donnelly Parasiticidal formulation
AU2010283977A1 (en) * 2009-08-20 2012-04-12 Windworks Engineering Limited A blade assembly for a wind turbine
WO2011020159A1 (en) * 2009-08-20 2011-02-24 Windworks Engineering Limited A blade for a turbine
AU2010283976A1 (en) * 2009-08-20 2012-04-12 Windworks Engineering Limited A blade for a wind turbine
US7976267B2 (en) 2010-08-10 2011-07-12 Burrell Iv James W Helix turbine system and energy production means
CN102182640A (en) * 2011-05-20 2011-09-14 深圳市正耀科技有限公司 Method for manufacturing spiral swivel vertical shaft wind power generator device
CN103075299B (en) * 2011-09-13 2014-08-06 南通大学 Vertical-axis wind turbine blade and machining method
CN102345558B (en) * 2011-09-13 2013-06-12 南通大学 Spiral vertical axis wind turbine blade for wind power generation and machining method
US20130343897A1 (en) * 2012-06-21 2013-12-26 David A. Collins Helix Type Vertical Axis Turbine Blades and Method for Continuously Making Same
US9062896B2 (en) 2013-05-16 2015-06-23 Martin Eugene Nix System to create rotational energy from a wind-chimmey and solar-smelter
CN103397984A (en) * 2013-07-24 2013-11-20 钟明华 Grounding-type wind driven generator
RU2638691C2 (en) * 2014-12-30 2017-12-15 Татьяна Александровна Шулика Vertical gold-section wind motor
US10260479B2 (en) * 2015-04-28 2019-04-16 Donald E. Moriarty Vortex propeller
CN106368896A (en) * 2015-10-23 2017-02-01 田永胜 Nautilus equiangular spiral wind wheel electric generator
KR101691375B1 (en) * 2015-12-04 2017-01-02 한덕호 A drag type wind power generator
JP6126287B1 (en) * 2016-09-29 2017-05-10 株式会社ドリームバード Vertical axis spiral turbine
US10316819B2 (en) * 2016-09-30 2019-06-11 Daniel Edmiston Any axis turbine pinwheel and method of construction
US10794358B2 (en) 2017-03-17 2020-10-06 Primo Energy, Inc. High torque wind turbine blade, turbine, and associated systems and methods
US10378509B2 (en) * 2017-10-06 2019-08-13 Iap, Inc. Turbine rotor for redirecting fluid flow including sinuously shaped blades and a solid conical center core
CL2018002529A1 (en) * 2018-09-04 2019-01-18 Orellana Olguin Nicolas Gonzalo Omnidirectional generator set
BR112021009142A2 (en) * 2018-11-15 2022-04-19 Mark Farb Daniel Savonius wind turbine rates
RU192838U1 (en) * 2019-06-19 2019-10-02 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Поволжский государственный технологический университет" Wind wheel rotor
KR102220371B1 (en) * 2019-11-01 2021-02-25 윤차현 Rotor for generating lift force and drag force with high efficiency

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1981001443A1 (en) * 1979-11-19 1981-05-28 R Joutsiniemi Windscrew
US4293274A (en) * 1979-09-24 1981-10-06 Gilman Frederick C Vertical axis wind turbine for generating usable energy

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1100332A (en) * 1912-09-03 1914-06-16 James B Smith Windmill.
US3144204A (en) * 1962-08-24 1964-08-11 Acme Engineering And Mfg Corp Centrifugal blower wheel
US3941504A (en) * 1974-08-28 1976-03-02 Snarbach Henry C Wind powered rotating device
ES454192A1 (en) * 1976-12-13 1977-12-01 Zapata Martinez Valentin System for the obtainment and the regulation of energy starting from air, sea and river currents
US4086026A (en) * 1977-02-04 1978-04-25 Tamanini Robert J Windmill with radial vanes
JPS6090992A (en) 1983-10-26 1985-05-22 Hitachi Ltd Spiral blade type vertical shaft windmill
US4718821A (en) * 1986-06-04 1988-01-12 Clancy Brian D Windmill blade
US5642984A (en) * 1994-01-11 1997-07-01 Northeastern University Helical turbine assembly operable under multidirectional fluid flow for power and propulsion systems

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4293274A (en) * 1979-09-24 1981-10-06 Gilman Frederick C Vertical axis wind turbine for generating usable energy
WO1981001443A1 (en) * 1979-11-19 1981-05-28 R Joutsiniemi Windscrew

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Vol. 9, No. 235, (M-415); & JP,A,60 090 992 (HITACHI SEISAKUSHO K.K.) 22 May 1985. *

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2801937A1 (en) * 1999-12-06 2001-06-08 Leon Ruffieux Wind-driven rotor with vertical axis of rotation for electricity generation has semi-cylindrical vanes with cut-away leading and trailing edges
US7132760B2 (en) 2002-07-31 2006-11-07 Becker William S Wind turbine device
US7362004B2 (en) 2003-07-29 2008-04-22 Becker William S Wind turbine device
US8779616B2 (en) 2007-02-13 2014-07-15 Ken Morgan Wind-driven electricity generation device with segmented rotor
EP2115300A1 (en) * 2007-02-13 2009-11-11 Helix Wind, Inc. Wind-driven electricity generation device with segmented savonius rotor
US7948110B2 (en) 2007-02-13 2011-05-24 Ken Morgan Wind-driven electricity generation device with Savonius rotor
EP2115300A4 (en) * 2007-02-13 2011-07-06 Helix Wind Inc Wind-driven electricity generation device with segmented savonius rotor
WO2009093922A1 (en) * 2008-01-24 2009-07-30 Srdjan Ceramilac Three wing radial wind-turbine
US8087897B2 (en) 2008-02-01 2012-01-03 Windside America Fluid rotor
WO2009099683A3 (en) * 2008-02-01 2009-10-08 Windside America Fluid rotor
US8864440B2 (en) 2010-11-15 2014-10-21 Sauer Energy, Incc. Wind sail turbine
US8905704B2 (en) 2010-11-15 2014-12-09 Sauer Energy, Inc. Wind sail turbine
WO2012089806A1 (en) * 2010-12-31 2012-07-05 Dacus Walter Wind turbine with vertical axis
BE1019714A3 (en) * 2010-12-31 2012-10-02 Dacus Walter WIND TURBINE WITH VERTICAL AXIS.
WO2015189155A1 (en) * 2014-06-10 2015-12-17 Philéole Savonius wind power rotor
BE1022436B1 (en) * 2014-06-10 2016-03-30 Phileole WIND ROTOR OF SAVONIUS TYPE

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2294094A1 (en) 1999-01-28
US6428275B1 (en) 2002-08-06
EP0993551B1 (en) 2004-08-25
EP0993551A1 (en) 2000-04-19
RU2187016C2 (en) 2002-08-10
NO996418D0 (en) 1999-12-22
AU7337098A (en) 1999-02-10
FI972806A (en) 1998-12-31
FI972806A0 (en) 1997-06-30
ATE274640T1 (en) 2004-09-15
CN1105240C (en) 2003-04-09
NO996418L (en) 1999-12-22
DE69825898D1 (en) 2004-09-30
JP2002507266A (en) 2002-03-05
CN1268999A (en) 2000-10-04

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0993551B1 (en) Helical wind rotor and a method for manufacturing the same
RU2513355C2 (en) Airfoil
US5494407A (en) Wind turbine with savonius-type rotor
CN107923363B (en) The blade of wind turbine with rear protrusion
RU2006105624A (en) VERTICAL AXLE WIND TURBINE
CN106414236B (en) Curved winglet
KR20150095587A (en) Vertical axis wind turbine rotor and aerofoil
CN106870451A (en) Impeller and fan
US20170002793A1 (en) Helix Type Vertical Axis Turbine Blades and Method for Continuously Making Same
CN111435399B (en) Modeling method of fan assembly
CN105718697A (en) Antenna pointing oriented large deformed parabolic antenna panel movement fitting adjustment method
CN107243973B (en) A kind of production method of frame-type wooden model anchor station component
US5645189A (en) Container end having annular panel with non-uniform radius of curvature
US4401410A (en) Diagonal-flow fan wheel with blades of developable surface shape
CN210484188U (en) Forward-bending forward-sweeping offset-mounted blade, impeller and axial flow fan with forward-bending forward-sweeping offset-mounted blade
EP0605457B1 (en) Construction according to a double-curved surface
CN108757568A (en) A kind of axial-flow fan blade
CN113221201A (en) Folding design method of small-curvature revolution paraboloid film
CN104747497B (en) Fan vane and there is its fan
CN1046781A (en) Improve the technology of compressor stall nargin and efficient
CN109364786A (en) A kind of turbo blade and manufacture the turbo blade mold and agitating paddle
US20210115629A1 (en) Rotary dryer having notched flights
US1568746A (en) F lawaczeck x
CN116992570A (en) Dimensionless parametric design method for double-wall turbine cooling blade
UA154435U (en) PROPELLER BLADE

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 98806114.7

Country of ref document: CN

AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CU CZ DE DK EE ES FI GB GE GH GM GW HU ID IL IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT UA UG US UZ VN YU ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW SD SZ UG ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN ML MR NE SN TD TG

DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 73370/98

Country of ref document: AU

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2294094

Country of ref document: CA

Ref document number: 2294094

Country of ref document: CA

Kind code of ref document: A

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 1998920552

Country of ref document: EP

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 09446926

Country of ref document: US

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 1998920552

Country of ref document: EP

REG Reference to national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: 8642

WWG Wipo information: grant in national office

Ref document number: 1998920552

Country of ref document: EP