WO1999001964A1 - Reseau de radiotransmission - Google Patents

Reseau de radiotransmission Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999001964A1
WO1999001964A1 PCT/GB1998/001965 GB9801965W WO9901964A1 WO 1999001964 A1 WO1999001964 A1 WO 1999001964A1 GB 9801965 W GB9801965 W GB 9801965W WO 9901964 A1 WO9901964 A1 WO 9901964A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
nodes
node
network
communication system
data
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1998/001965
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
David William Bartlett
Original Assignee
Worldpipe Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Worldpipe Limited filed Critical Worldpipe Limited
Priority to AU82300/98A priority Critical patent/AU8230098A/en
Priority to CA002295216A priority patent/CA2295216A1/fr
Priority to EP98932363A priority patent/EP0993721A1/fr
Publication of WO1999001964A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999001964A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/2852—Metropolitan area networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/16—Multipoint routing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/22—Alternate routing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the broadcasting of signals between a number of users in a radio network.
  • the invention has particular although not exclusive relevance to the communication of broadband data using broadcast line of sight communication techniques between a number of users in a communications network.
  • the communications link into homes and businesses is predominately twisted pair telephone lines which may be used to carry analogue telephone and modem signals, and ISDN.
  • the bandwidth provided by such technology is, however, limited and may be described as narrowband .
  • the present invention addresses at least some of these problems and provides a way of providing broadband communications between a plurality of users located at separate locations .
  • a communication system comprising: a network of nodes each comprising a transmitter for broadcasting signals to one or more other nodes in the network and a receiver for receiving broadcast signals broadcast by one or more other nodes in the network; wherein the network of nodes is arranged so that each node in the network can communicate with each other node in the network either directly or via one or more other nodes; and wherein the network of nodes is arranged so that at least two independent communication links can be formed between two of said nodes , with at least one communication link passing via one or more nodes in the network.
  • the present invention provides a communication system which employs a multi-hop network architecture in which communications from one user to another user are typically achieved by transmitting via a number of users located between the source user and the destination user.
  • the system thereby avoids the need for a large central transmitter tower which is arranged to transmit the data to each user or the requirement for every user to be able to see every other user.
  • the present invention provides a communication system for providing radio communication between a plurality of users in a communication network, the communication system comprising a network of nodes and radio links interconnecting said nodes, the system being characterised in that a plurality of nodes are arranged to receive data from a plurality of other nodes in the network and to transmit data to a plurality of different nodes in the network.
  • each individual radio link between the nodes is uni-directional and therefore, the output link of one node becomes the input link of the node to which it transmits, since this allows a single transmitter and receiver to be used in each node.
  • the frequency or frequencies of transmission of the output links is different from the frequency or frequencies of reception of the input links.
  • a single frequency is used for reception and a single but different frequency is used for transmission at each node.
  • each of the input links operates at a first frequency and each of the output links at a second frequency, different from the first.
  • the plural received and transmitted signals can be discriminated, for example on a time division multiplex basis.
  • each node in the radio network receives data from V nodes and transmits to V nodes, where V is greater than 1.
  • V is greater than 1.
  • the nodes will usually be geographically situated at convenient locations to suit the local circumstances and the requirement to be in radio range of other nodes in the network belonging to the same cluster. Nodes may simply be repeater nodes, but most will be linked to a user located within the premises . In preferred embodiments, the communication links between nodes will be line-of-sight , but it is possible that a node to node link may be made via a reflector arrangement of some type, should geographical or other constraints dictate this . A typical node might therefore be situated at a domestic user premises, with the physical component making up the node being located on or in the premises .
  • the line of sight requirement between nodes means that at least the aerials associated with each node will need to be placed as high as conveniently possible, which means, in practice, at or above roof height.
  • the individual user may or may not desire to use the broadband communication services provided by the network. If the user wishes to connect to the system, then the node functions will include the routing of the broadband signals into and out of the users premises where they will connect to suitable apparatus such as a decoder, set top box, VCR, television and/or computer or computer network .
  • suitable apparatus such as a decoder, set top box, VCR, television and/or computer or computer network .
  • a network manager is preferably provided for controlling the communication links which are actually used at any one time, thereby providing flexibility in network configuration and network up gradability.
  • a plurality of separate radio networks can be linked together via a broadband communication link such as an optical fibre cable, thereby allowing a wide geographical area to be covered by using a plurality of radio networks embodying the present invention.
  • frequencies can be re-used within each radio network, depending on the geographical layout of the nodes in the network .
  • Figure 1 illustrates a schematic overview of a radio network which comprises twelve nodes which communicate with each other;
  • Figure 2 shows a typical configuration of a roof mounted receiving antenna and transmitting antenna which from part of one of the nodes shown in Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic block diagram illustrating the components of one of the nodes shown in Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic block diagram of a second different node forming part of the radio network shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic block diagram of a repeater node forming part of the radio network shown in Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic block diagram illustrating the form of a network manager node forming part of the radio network shown in Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating the data format used in the transmission of data between the nodes in the radio network shown in Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic block diagram illustrating the form of a node forming part of a radio network which connects the radio network to the internet;
  • Figure 9 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an alternative radio network in which three separate nodes are connected to the internet;
  • Figure 10 is a schematic overview of a radio network having twelve nodes which are configured in a different topology to the radio network shown in Figure 1 ;
  • FIG 11 is a schematic overview of a radio network having twelve nodes which are connected in a topology different from the radio networks shown in Figures 1 and 10;
  • Figure 12 is a schematic overview of a radio network having eight nodes
  • Figure 13 is a schematic overview of a radio network having eighteen nodes which illustrates the way in which additional nodes can be added to the radio network shown in Figure 1;
  • FIG 14 is a schematic overview of a broadband communications system which employs a plurality of separate radio networks ;
  • Figure 15 schematically illustrates the way in which a plurality of radio networks can be logically arranged in a cellular type structure
  • Figure 16 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an alternative network topology.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic overview of a radio network 1 which, in this embodiment, comprises twelve nodes (N 0 to N u ) which communicate with each other in a predetermined manner. More specifically, each node is arranged to receive broadcast data from three different nodes and is arranged to broadcast data itself to three different nodes. For example, nodes N 3 , N ⁇ and N 5 are arranged to receive broadcast data B 0 , B t and B 2 from nodes N 0 , Nj and N 2 respectively and are arranged themselves to broadcast data B 3 , B 4 and B 5 respectively to nodes N 6 , N 7 and N 8 .
  • nodes shown in Figure 1 have been arranged in a geometrically symmetric manner, wherein there are three orbital levels with four nodes in each orbit (e.g. nodes N 0 , N 3 , N 6 and N 9 being the nodes in the first orbit). As those skilled in the art will appreciate, this is a purely logical layout and will not reflect the actual geographic layout of the network in practice .
  • the nodes have also been grouped into four radial groups RG 0 , RGi, RG 2 and RG 3 .
  • the nodes in radial group RG 0 transmit to the nodes in radial group RGx using a first frequency
  • the nodes in radial group RG X transmit to the nodes in radial group RG 2 using a second frequency
  • the nodes in radial group RG 2 transmit to the nodes in radial group RG 3 using a third frequency
  • the nodes in radial group RG 3 transmit to the nodes in radial group RG 0 using a fourth frequency. Therefore as can be seen from Figure 1, in this embodiment, the transmission between nodes is unidirectional so that transmission only takes place in a clockwise direction.
  • each node broadcasts its data for one third of the systems cycle time, which, in this embodiment, is 25 microseconds.
  • the table below provides a time slot- frequency map for the radio network 1 shown in Figure 1. The rows represent the different frequencies f 0 , f,, f 2 and f 3 , the columns the time slots TS 0 , TS X and TS 2 and the table entries indicate the possible data flows between transmitting nodes to the receiving nodes .
  • the length of the cycle time and which nodes transmit in which time slot is determined by a network manager (not shown) which also controls the general operation, timing and synchronisation of each of the nodes in the radio network 1. More details of the network manager will be described below. As those skilled in the art will appreciate, since each node can receive data from three separate nodes and can only transmit data during one third of the system's cycle time, each node can only pass on data which it receives from one node onto another node. The data received from the other two nodes must either be passed down into the node or must be discarded.
  • the nodes are arranged to broadcast the data to the adjacent nodes using a microwave frequency band.
  • each node transmits data in the frequency range of 2 to 70 GHz. Since microwave frequencies have a low penetration, i.e. they will not pass through trees, buildings or the like, there must be a clear line of sight between the nodes to be able to ensure a reliable communications link between the nodes. Therefore, in this embodiment, the nodes in each radial group are expected to be in line of sight with the nodes in the radial groups from which they receive data and to which they transmit data.
  • nodes which receive data are arranged to be within 5 kilometres of the transmitting nodes and those nodes which receive from the same transmitting node are located within the beam of the transmit antenna which, in this embodiment, have a beamwidth of approximately 30 degrees.
  • the radio network 1 is used to link together computer equipment located in a number of homes and businesses to form a computer network.
  • some of the nodes represent homes which have a personal computer and some of the nodes represent businesses which have an existing local area network operating throughout the premises of the business. Since some of the user homes may not be in line of sight with other nodes in the network, some of the nodes will be repeater nodes which simply pass data from one node to another.
  • the transmit and receive antenna of each node are mounted on the roof of the respective homes and businesses.
  • Figure 2 shows a typical configuration of the roof mounted receive antenna 10 and transmit antenna 20.
  • Broadcast transmissions received by the receive antenna 10 are processed by processing electronics 30 which is connected to the receive antenna 10 by a microwave link (not shown) .
  • the processing electronics 30 processes the received broadcast data and, in this embodiment, either discards it, passes it down into the premises via cable 31 or passes it to the transmit antenna 20, via cable 32, for onward transmission .
  • the user has a personal computer 100 which displays information to the user on a display 101 and which receives user input via the user input device 102.
  • the personal computer 100 is connected to the processing electronics 30 via the cable 31 so that the user can receive data from the microwave receive antenna 10 and so that the user can transmit data from the microwave transmit antenna 20 to other users in the network .
  • the personal computer 100 transmits data into the radio network 1
  • the personal computer 100 in response to user input via the user input device 102, the personal computer 100 generates data to be transmitted and outputs it to cable 31 which carries the data up to the data conversion unit 35 located on the roof of the user's house.
  • the data conversion unit 35 converts the data, under control of the control unit 37, from a format output by the personal computer 100 into a data format which complies with the protocol used by the radio network 1.
  • This converted data is then passed to a router 39 which passes the data to an encoder 41 which encodes the data so as to try to reduce errors caused by interference in the broadcast communications channel and to introduce redundancy for error correction purposes .
  • the encoded data is then passed to a buffer 43 where the data is buffered until it can be transmitted in the appropriate time slot of the system's cycle time.
  • the control unit 37 controls the timing of the reading of data out from the buffer 43 so that the data is transmitted in the appropriate time slot for the node.
  • the data read out from the buffer is then modulated in a modulator 47 using a quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) technique.
  • QPSK quadrature phase shift keying
  • the modulated data is then passed to an up-converter 49 which converts the modulated data up to an intermediate frequency in the range of 1 to 4 GHz .
  • the intermediate frequency signal is then passed, via cable 32, to the transmit antenna 20 where the intermediate frequency signal is up-converted to a microwave frequency in the range of 2 to 70 GHz and amplified by a power amplifier (not shown) .
  • microwave data signals received by the receive antenna 10 are amplified by a low noise amplifier (not shown) and down-converted to an intermediate frequency in the range of 1 to 4 GHz by a down-converter (not shown) both of which are located in the receive antenna 10.
  • the intermediate signal is then passed, via cable 33, to a down-converter 57 in the processing electronics 30, which down-converts the intermediate frequency data signals to regenerate the QPSK modulated data .
  • the QPSK modulated data is then demodulated by the demodulator 59 and the demodulated data is then passed to the decoder 61 which decodes the received data and corrects any errors caused by interference in the communications channel.
  • the decoded data is then passed to the router 39 where a decision is made, under control of the control unit 37, as to whether the data should be forwarded to the encoder 41 for subsequent transmission to another node, whether it should be discarded or whether it should be passed to the data conversion unit 35 for transmission to the personal computer 100.
  • Figure 4 illustrates the general layout of a node which connects a local area network 110 which is located within the premises of a building to the radio network 1.
  • the components of the processing electronics 30 are the same as the processing electronics shown in Figure 3 and will not therefore be described again.
  • the only difference between the node shown in Figure 3 and the node shown in Figure 4 is that the data conversion unit 35 is connected to the local area network 110 which connects a plurality of work stations 114 and personal computers 116 together, thereby allowing a plurality of different users located in the same building the ability to transmit and receive data via the radio network 1.
  • a printer 118, a scanner 120, a facsimile unit 122 and a modem 124 are also attached to the local area network 110 so that they can be used by the work stations 114 and the personal computers 116.
  • a server 126 is also provided on the network 110 to control the usage of the peripheral devices and to centrally hold data files and the like.
  • the local area network 110 operates using an ethernet type communications protocol and accordingly, the data conversion unit 35 will operate to convert the ethernet type data into the appropriate protocol for the radio network 1 and vice versa.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates the form of such a repeater node.
  • the processing electronics 30 of the repeater node are almost the same as the processing electronics shown in Figures 3 and 4. The only difference being that no data is passed down into the premises and therefore there is no need for a data conversion unit 35. Therefore, the router 39 will simply discard the data or pass it forward to the encoder 41 for subsequent transmission to another node, under control of the control unit 37.
  • a network manager is provided.
  • the network manager is attached directly to node N 0 shown in Figure 1.
  • the network manager node is shown in more detail in Figure 6.
  • the processing electronics 30 of the network manager node N 0 are the same as the processing electronics in the other nodes in the network, except for the processing electronics in the repeater nodes.
  • the output from the data conversion unit 35 passes directly to the network manager 150 which, in this embodiment, comprises a personal computer.
  • Figure 7 generally illustrates the form of the data stream 200 received by a node.
  • the node receives data in three separate time slots TS 0 , TSx and TS 2 during one system cycle T, with the data received in each time slot being from a respective one of the three nodes which broadcasts data to the receiving node.
  • the data received (or transmitted) in each time slot will be referred to hereinafter as a network data packet.
  • the network data packet received in each time slot has the same length T p and is separated by a fixed period t d from the next network data packet.
  • each network data packet has 1000 bits, thereby providing, for a cycle time of 25 ⁇ s , a maximum of 40 Mbits per second to the user at each node (As compared with 64 kbits per second with an ISDN line) .
  • Figure 7 also shows an exploded view 210 of the network data packet received in time slot TS 2 , after it has been decoded by the decoder 61 in the processing electronics 30 of the receiving node.
  • the network data packet received in time slot TS 2 comprises a number of control bits 212, a number of data bits 214 and error checking bits 216.
  • the data bits 214 comprise either actual data transmitted from another node or idle data which is used to fill the network data packets when no actual data is being transmitted.
  • the error check bits 216 are used to provide forward error correction.
  • the network data packets received in the other time slots TS 0 and TSi have the same format.
  • control data 212 is provided at the beginning of the network data packet and is the first data to be passed to the router 39.
  • the control data 212 comprises synchronisation bits 220 which enable the router to maintain synchronism between the network data packets and to maintain synchronisation with the radio network's system clock (not shown). The techniques for achieving this synchronisation are well known in the art of data communications and will not be described in more detail here.
  • the control data 212 also comprises time slot information 224 which is inserted by the transmitting node and which, in this embodiment, requires two bits to encode since there are three possible time slots in each system cycle T. This time slot information 224 is extracted by the router 39 and passed to the control unit 37.
  • the control unit 37 instructs the router 39 to either discard the data bits 214, to pass the network data packet on to the encoder 41 for onward transmission or, if appropriate, to pass the network data packet to the data conversion unit 35 so that the data bits 214 can be extracted from the network data packet and passed to the user or users located at that node.
  • the control actions output by the control unit 37 of a node are determined from a look up table (LUT) (not shown) stored in the control unit which is addressed by the time slot information bits 224.
  • the control data 212 also comprises management data 226 which is used by the network manager 150 to control and to re-configure the control units 37 in each of the nodes of the radio network 1.
  • the radio network 1 operates like a telephone network.
  • a request for an appropriate data link to be set up is firstly sent to the network manager 150. This is achieved by the user sending the request to the data conversion unit 35 located on the roof of the user's premises.
  • the data conversion unit 35 generates the appropriate management data and inserts it into one or more network data packets and sends it or them to the router 39 for onward transmission to the network manager 150.
  • the network manager determines an appropriate data path from the user's node to the desired destination node and sends management data to the appropriate nodes in the network 1 so as to set up the appropriate communications link so that the data, in passing to the destination node, will arrive there via only a single route.
  • the network manager 150 receives a request from a user located at node N, that he wishes to transmit data to a user located at node N 6 , then the network manager considers the current configuration of the network and re-configures the control units 37 in the appropriate nodes where necessary.
  • the radio network 1 is capable of sustaining simultaneous data communications between a plurality of different nodes in the radio network 1.
  • the network manager 150 configures the network so that there is only a single route from the source node to the destination node. This is because, in this embodiment, it is undesirable to have all of the data passed down each possible path from the source to the designation. Apart from the lack of efficiency, different path lengths would ensure that the packets of data arriving by different routes would be slightly out of phase, resulting in unnecessarily complexity at the destination node. However, because each node in the radio network 1 can transmit to three different nodes and can receive from three different nodes, it can be shown that three completely independent communication links can be set up between any two nodes in the network .
  • the network is arranged so that each node can communicate with the network manager 150 at all times. This is achieved, in this embodiment, by extracting the management data in each network data packet from any packet that will be discarded by a node and then passing it onto the next node. This therefore ensures that all management data will eventually reach the processing electronics of the management node N 0 which is arranged to extract all management data from all received network data packets and to forward this to the network manager 150.
  • control unit 37 of each node is re-configured by simply changing the look-up table (LUT) which is stored in the control unit 37.
  • LUT look-up table
  • An example of this look-up table for node N 6 in the above described example is shown below, with the two bits of the time slot information 224 in the left hand column and the control action output by the control unit 37 in the right hand column:
  • the control unit 37 instructs the router 39 to pass the current network data packet to the data conversion unit 35 so that it can be passed on to the user located at node N 6 .
  • the control unit 37 instructs the router 39 to pass the current network data packet to the encoder 41 for subsequent transmission to the nodes in radial group RG 3 .
  • the control unit 37 instructs the router 39 to discard the data bits 214 of the current data packet. If the time slot information bits are "11" then this indicates that there has been an error in the transmission of the packet and the packet is discarded.
  • the radio network described above has the following advantages:
  • Each node acts as a mini-broadcaster in that the data it transmits goes to three receiving nodes at the same time.
  • All the nodes have the same peer level in the network and can originate transmissions for any other node in the network.
  • Each node requires only one transmitter and one receiver since the data circulates in a circular manner in one direction.
  • the transmitter and receiver always operate on the same frequencies and therefore frequency agile transmitters and/or receivers are not required.
  • the radio signals propagate around the network in such a way that the receive and transmit antenna of each node point approximately in opposite directions, thus facilitating improved signal discrimination.
  • Radio links between the nodes are kept relatively short and can be tailored to the geographical location of the transmit and receive nodes. Therefore, the nodes may be mounted at just sufficient height to see the nodes which it has to receive from and to see the nodes which it has to transmit to. This typically only requires antennas to be mounted at roof height and therefore, no tall antenna/masts are required and installation is therefore eased.
  • the low cost and universal nature of the radio node means that the same device can be used as a repeater in the network where areas of poor coverage are encountered.
  • a radio network which connects together computer equipment located in a number of different user premises.
  • This can be achieved, for example, by directly connecting one or more of the nodes shown in Figure 1 to the internet.
  • the configuration of a node which connects the radio network to the internet is illustrated in Figure 8.
  • the processing electronics is the same as for the nodes shown in Figures 3 and 4.
  • the data conversion unit 31 is connected to an internet gateway access point 234 which connects the node shown in Figure 13 to the internet 237 via a fibre optic link 239.
  • the data conversion unit 35 must therefore convert the data which is in the radio network data format into a format suitable for transmitting data to and for receiving data from internet routers (not shown) located in the internet 237.
  • internet routers not shown
  • the access point to the internet can be achieved using a typical node structure within the radio network, it is not necessary to build a tall or complex base transmitter station.
  • FIG. 9 schematically illustrates the form of an embodiment where the radio network 1 is connected to the internet 237 via three gateway access points 234-1, 234-2 and 234-3, thereby giving users in the radio network 1 access to information and service providers 239 and 241 respectively which are also connected to the internet 237.
  • the access points to the internet are formed from a group of standard radio network nodes, they can, in principle, be located anywhere within the radio network. Therefore, the connection point to the internet can be conveniently placed close to or at an existing internet router .
  • Figure 10 schematically illustrates the form of a radio network having twelve nodes N 0 to N ⁇ in which each node receives from two nodes and transmits to two different nodes.
  • communication links which can be formed between the nodes in the network are represented by the curved arrows 2 , with the direction of data transfer being in the direction of the arrow.
  • the network topology shown in Figure 10 there are two orbital levels with six nodes in each orbit. It can be shown that there are two independent data paths which can be set up to connect any one node in the network with any other node in the network.
  • the advantage of using the network with the topology shown in Figure 10 is that each node can transmit for half the system's cycle time.
  • the disadvantages include that there will usually be more "hops" (and hence more delay) in order to transmit from a source node to a destination node and the number of transmission the FDM-TDM access technique described above, the number of different frequencies required is given by the number of nodes in the network divided by the number of input/outputs from each node. Therefore, in the first embodiment, with twelve nodes and three inputs/outputs to each node, four different frequencies are required. In the network topology shown in Figure 10, there are twelve nodes and only two inputs/outputs to each node and therefore six different frequencies will be required.
  • Figure 11 illustrates an alternative network topology for a network having twelve nodes and with each node receiving from two nodes and transmitting to two different nodes. Again, to ease illustration communication links are illustrated by curved arrows.
  • the network topology shown in Figure 11 there are four orbital levels, with three nodes in each orbit.
  • the advantage of the topology shown in Figure 11 is that fewer "hops" are usually required in order to transmit from a source node to a destination node, as compared with the network topology shown in Figure 10.
  • six different transmission frequencies will still, however, be required. There are still two independent paths which can be used in order to transmit data from a source node to a destination node.
  • one path requires far less hops than the other.
  • the two independent paths are N 9 -N 2 -N A and N 9 -N 3 -N 6 -N 8 - N 0 -N ⁇ . Therefore, whilst the network manager may try to route data via node N 2 in this example, it may not be possible to do so because, for example, the link between node N 2 and N 4 is temporarily blocked. Therefore, with this topology, if the shortest independent path is blocked then a longer path will have to be used. this topology, if the shortest independent path is blocked then a longer path will have to be used.
  • Figures 10 and 11 illustrate the form of two different network topologies which can be implemented with a network having twelve nodes .
  • the present invention can be applied to radio networks having more or less than twelve nodes and to networks having nodes with more or less then three input links and three output links. It can be shown, however, that the networks which provide the largest number of topological options are those having a large number of small prime factors of the number of nodes in the network.
  • Figure 12 illustrates an embodiment in which there are eight nodes N 0 to N 7 in the radio network. As shown, in this embodiment, each node receives from two nodes and transmits to two different nodes. The network is arranged to have two orbital levels, with each orbit having four nodes. In this embodiment, four separate transmitting frequencies are required.
  • FIG. 13 shows the form of a network having eighteen nodes. The network originally had twelve nodes arranged in the same configuration as the network shown in Figure 1. However, nodes Ni, N 2 and N 8 have been expanded by the addition of further nodes to create sub-networks 230 and 231.
  • nodes N x and N 2 have been replaced by a network of six nodes N ⁇ .o-N ⁇ . 2 and N 2-0 -N 2 . 2 -
  • node eight has been replaced by a network of three nodes N 8-0 -N 8 . 2'
  • the sub-network 230 therefore replaces two nodes of the basic network shown in Figure 1.
  • Nodes N 1-2 and N 22 each have two reception inputs and three transmission outputs, while nodes N 1-0 and N 2 . 0 have three reception inputs and two transmission outputs.
  • nodes N K1 and N 2 ⁇ 1 have two reception inputs and two transmission outputs.
  • the sub-network 231 replaces node N 8 of the basic network shown in Figure 1.
  • node N 8-0 has three transmission outputs and one reception input
  • node N 8-2 has three reception inputs and one transmission output
  • node N 8-1 has one reception input and one reception output.
  • the general operation of the radio network illustrated in Figure 13 is substantially the same as that of the radio network illustrated in Figure 1, and will not therefore be described again.
  • a basic radio network can be built and nodes can be added later without affecting the overall operation of the network. Additionally, once the network has expanded from, for example, twelve nodes to, for example, forty eight nodes, the network manager can simply re-configure the network into an appropriate topology for a forty eight node network. This is possible, because the network manager can configure each node by telling it when and for how long it should broadcast data, how many time slots there are in the received data and what to do with the data received in each time slot. Therefore, in theory at least, the radio network can be infinitely expanded.
  • each of the radio networks is connected to the optical fibre link 251 via more than one gateway access point 235.
  • some of the radio networks such as radio networks RN 0 and RN, share a gateway access point 235'.
  • the shared gateway access point 235' shares the access to the optical fibre link 251 between the two networks in a time division multiplexed manner.
  • a radio network manager 253 is also connected to the fibre optic link 251 and is used to control each of the radio networks RNi in a similar manner to the way in which the network manager 150 managed the network shown in Figure 1. Additionally, as shown, the fibre optic link 251 is also connected to the internet 237, thereby allowing users in each of the radio networks access to information from, for example, the information provider 239. As those skilled in the art will appreciate, in addition to the nodes in each network RNi being able to communication with other nodes in the same radio network RN if the nodes in any one network RN can also communicate with any node in any other radio network RN j via the fibre optic link 251.
  • each of the radio networks RNi in Figure 13 can be relatively small and the transmission frequencies used in one network can also be used by another network, provided that the network is sufficiently far away physically from the other radio network. Further, the actual physical location of the nodes in one radio network may be such as to allow the re-use of frequencies in the same radio network.
  • FIG. 14 Rather than having the generally arrangement of the radio networks shown in Figure 13, a more structured cellular type arrangement of radio networks may be provided. Such an embodiment is schematically illustrated in Figure 14. As shown in Figure 14, there are nineteen separate radio networks RN 0 to RN 18 , with three gateway access points (represented by the black dots) per radio network RN if for connecting the radio network to an outside backbone infra-structure (not shown), such as the fibre optic link 251 shown in Figure 13. As shown, the gateway access points are shared between ad acent radio networks . In practice, regular cell structures, such as the one shown in Figure 14, are unlikely to be realised. However, it is useful to view the networks in this way, since it illustrates that the network can be built up to cover almost any geographical area required, like existing cellular mobile phone networks.
  • the communication links between one or more adjacent nodes may be bi-directional.
  • each of the transmit and receiving antennas for a bidirectional links will receive and transmit data.
  • this embodiment is not preferred, because it complicates the processing electronics required at the bi-directional nodes.
  • frequency sets were used to transmit the data around the network.
  • frequency sets may be shared around the same network. This is facilitated by the fact that transmissions always tend to be focused in direction and are directed to small numbers of receiving nodes.
  • the whole network could be served with just two frequency sets, or just one if simultaneous receive and transmit on the same frequency is possible.
  • interference can be reduced by allowing the nodes in each radial group to transmit at different times. In other words, increasing the number of time slots in the system's cycle time.
  • a mixed frequency division multiplexing and time division multiplexing access technique has been used in order to allow each node in the radio network to be able to transmit and receive data.
  • Other access techniques could be used.
  • a pure frequency division multiplexing technique or a pure time division multiplexing technique could be used.
  • each node would be allocated a specific time slot for receiving data and for transmitting data and in a pure frequency division multiplexed embodiment, each node would be allocated a specific frequency for receiving data and for transmitting data.
  • these techniques are not preferred because either the required spectrum is less efficiently used or the delay in transmitting data through the network is increased.
  • other access techniques such as code division multiple access (CDMA) or contention schemes common in computer networks , may be used .
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • a network manager was used to set up and destroy data paths through the network in order to allow a user to transmit to a desired destination.
  • This type of control is preferred, because it reduces the complexity of each of the nodes because they do not need to know the source of the data nor the destination and they need no knowledge of the network topology.
  • distributed routing functionality in each of the nodes such as those commonly employed to route data through the internet using the TCP/IP protocol, can be used.
  • microwave frequency links were provided between each of the nodes in the networks .
  • a similar network can be configured using, for example, other electromagnetic frequencies, such as visible or infrared. Whilst these frequencies also allow broadband communications to be provided to each of the user premises, it is also possible to use lower frequency bands, such as RF frequency bands. However, at present, these frequency bands are heavily regulated and it is difficult to obtain licensing for large bandwidths . However, as those skilled in the art will appreciate the present invention should not be construed as being restricted to being for use in any particular frequency band nor that it is restricted to providing a broadband communications link, although it is ideally suited for doing so .
  • the radio networks were provided in order to link together computer equipment located in a number of user premises .
  • Other data services such as video distribution, video telephony, on-line multiplayer gaming etc may be provided using these radio networks.
  • some nodes will be attached to a user that only transmits data into the network, whilst others will be attached to users that only receive data from the network.
  • the same data may be passed from a single source to multiple destination nodes.
  • the inherent fan-out nature of the network architecture is ideal for this type of application.
  • the nodes in each radio network are connected in a generally ring-like manner. This is not essential.
  • Figure 16 illustrates the form of a radio network embodying the present invention.
  • the radio network comprises eleven nodes N 0 to N 10 , and wherein the number of inputs to each node and the number of outputs from each node are different.
  • node N 5 wishes to transmit data to node N, then it transmit data to node N 7 which in turn passes the data to node N g which in turn transmits the data to a broadband fibre optic link 251.
  • the data then passes along the fibre optic link 251 and transmitted to node N 0 which then passes the data onto node H x .
  • each node in the radio network will be able to communication with each other node in the network.
  • Figure 16 also illustrates that there may be some nodes, such as node N 10 which receives and transmits data to the same node, i.e. node N 9 . This is because some premises may be in remote or difficult to reach locations and can only be seen from one other node in the network. In this case, the same aerial is used to transmit and receive data between nodes N 9 and N 10 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à un système de communication qui peut effectuer une liaison de communications à bande large entre un certain nombre de foyers et/ou d'entreprises. Ce système de communication assure une liaison de communications à bande large grâce à la diffusion de données au moyen d'un réseau de noeuds de radiotransmission. Ce réseau de noeuds de radiotransmission est de préférence conçu de manière qu'une série de chemins de données indépendants puissent être utilisés pour émettre des données par l'intermédiaire de ce réseau et ce, d'un noeud source à un noeud de destination. Ces noeuds de radiotransmission peuvent communiquer entre eux grâce, par exemple, à des signaux micro-ondes ou à des signaux de porteuse optique.
PCT/GB1998/001965 1997-07-03 1998-07-03 Reseau de radiotransmission WO1999001964A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU82300/98A AU8230098A (en) 1997-07-03 1998-07-03 Radio network
CA002295216A CA2295216A1 (fr) 1997-07-03 1998-07-03 Reseau de radiotransmission
EP98932363A EP0993721A1 (fr) 1997-07-03 1998-07-03 Reseau de radiotransmission

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9714071.9 1997-07-03
GBGB9714071.9A GB9714071D0 (en) 1997-07-03 1997-07-03 Broadband communications systems

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999001964A1 true WO1999001964A1 (fr) 1999-01-14

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1998/001965 WO1999001964A1 (fr) 1997-07-03 1998-07-03 Reseau de radiotransmission

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EP (1) EP0993721A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU8230098A (fr)
CA (1) CA2295216A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB9714071D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999001964A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2364212A (en) * 2000-06-29 2002-01-16 Mw Router Internat Inc Wireless network employing microwave routers for improved bandwidth

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WO1996025806A1 (fr) * 1995-02-13 1996-08-22 Netro Corporation Liaison et reseau hertziens a hyperfrequences a mode de transfert asynchrone (mta) fiables
WO1997018674A1 (fr) * 1995-11-13 1997-05-22 Wytec, Incorporated Systeme de transmission de frequences radio multicanaux pour fournir des donnees numeriques en bande large dans des zones de service sectorisees independantes

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WO1996025806A1 (fr) * 1995-02-13 1996-08-22 Netro Corporation Liaison et reseau hertziens a hyperfrequences a mode de transfert asynchrone (mta) fiables
WO1997018674A1 (fr) * 1995-11-13 1997-05-22 Wytec, Incorporated Systeme de transmission de frequences radio multicanaux pour fournir des donnees numeriques en bande large dans des zones de service sectorisees independantes

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TOLLY K: "WIRELESS", DATA COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 22, no. 17, 21 November 1993 (1993-11-21), pages 60 - 62, 64, 66, 68, 70, 72, XP000413735 *

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2364212A (en) * 2000-06-29 2002-01-16 Mw Router Internat Inc Wireless network employing microwave routers for improved bandwidth

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU8230098A (en) 1999-01-25
GB9714071D0 (en) 1997-09-10
CA2295216A1 (fr) 1999-01-14
EP0993721A1 (fr) 2000-04-19

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