WO1999000471A1 - Compositions detergentes liquides non aqueuses renfermant des particules d'enzymes a densite reduite - Google Patents

Compositions detergentes liquides non aqueuses renfermant des particules d'enzymes a densite reduite Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999000471A1
WO1999000471A1 PCT/US1998/013322 US9813322W WO9900471A1 WO 1999000471 A1 WO1999000471 A1 WO 1999000471A1 US 9813322 W US9813322 W US 9813322W WO 9900471 A1 WO9900471 A1 WO 9900471A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
aqueous
compositions
alkyl
detergent compositions
composition
Prior art date
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PCT/US1998/013322
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English (en)
Inventor
Jean-Pol Boutique
Athanasios Surutzidis
Jay Ian Kahn
Mark Allen Smerznak
Yueqian Zhen
Diane Parry
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The Procter & Gamble Company
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Filing date
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Application filed by The Procter & Gamble Company filed Critical The Procter & Gamble Company
Priority to BR9810633-3A priority Critical patent/BR9810633A/pt
Priority to CA002295142A priority patent/CA2295142A1/fr
Priority to EP98931633A priority patent/EP0991746A1/fr
Priority to JP50576999A priority patent/JP2002512654A/ja
Publication of WO1999000471A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999000471A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/38—Products with no well-defined composition, e.g. natural products
    • C11D3/386—Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase
    • C11D3/38672—Granulated or coated enzymes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/0004—Non aqueous liquid compositions comprising insoluble particles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
    • C11D3/3902—Organic or inorganic per-compounds combined with specific additives
    • C11D3/3905—Bleach activators or bleach catalysts
    • C11D3/3907—Organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
    • C11D3/3902—Organic or inorganic per-compounds combined with specific additives
    • C11D3/3905—Bleach activators or bleach catalysts
    • C11D3/3907—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/3917—Nitrogen-containing compounds

Definitions

  • This invention relates to liquid laundry detergent products which are non-aqueous in nature and which contain enzyme particles having reduced density.
  • Liquid non-aqueous detergents are well known in the art. This class of detergents is particularly interesting for enhancing the chemical compatibility of detergent composition components, in particular enzyme particles.
  • these enzyme particles are less reactive than if they had been dissolved in the liquid aqueous matrix.
  • a problem associated with the use of enzyme particles is that there is a tendency for such products to phase separate as dispersed insoluble solid particulate material drops from suspension and settles at the bottom of the container holding the liquid detergent product.
  • Phase stabilizers such as thickeners or viscosity control agents can be added to such products to enhance the physical stability thereof.
  • Such materials can add cost and bulk to the product without contributing to the laundering/cleaning performance of such detergent compositions.
  • a further problem associated with enzyme particles is that it has been observed that enzyme particles can induce visual inhomogenities in the final product. This represents a problem as composition aesthetics is a key element in terms of consumer acceptance.
  • the formulator of a non-aqueous liquid detergent composition is faced with the challenge of formulating a physically stable non-aqueous detergent composition which provides effective enzyme activity in the wash.
  • EP 0 541 610 discloses the preparation of non-aqueous liquid detergents containing more than 8% anionic surfactants by wet grinding of a mixture comprising a peroxygen bleach.
  • the average particle size obtained after grinding is in the preferred range of 1-5 microns. This document does not disclose or suggest that utilizing enzyme particles of reduced density do provide the benefits of the present invention.
  • the present invention relates to a liquid non-aqueous detergent composition
  • a liquid non-aqueous detergent composition comprising a enzyme particles characterized in that the specific density of said enzyme particles is below 1.7g/mL.
  • Enzyme particles suitable for the present invention comprise comprise one or more enzymes which provide cleaning performance and/or fabric care benefits.
  • Said enzymes include enzymes selected from cellulases, hemicellulases, peroxidases, proteases, gluco-amylases, amylases, xylanases, lipases, esterases, cutinases, pectinases, keratanases, reductases, oxidases, phenoloxidases, lipoxygenases, ligninases, pullulanases, tannases, pentosanases, malanases, ⁇ -glucanases, arabinosidases, hyaluronidase, chondroitinase, laccase or mixtures thereof.
  • a preferred combination is a cleaning composition having cocktail of conventional applicable enzymes like protease, amylase, lipase, cutinase and/or cellulase in conjunction with one or more plant cell wall degrading enzymes.
  • the cellulases usable in the present invention include both bacterial or fungal cellulase. Preferably, they will have a pH optimum of between 5 and 9.5. Suitable cellulases are disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,435,307, Barbesgoard et al, which discloses fungal cellulase produced from Humicola insolens. Suitable cellulases are also disclosed in GB-A-2.075.028; GB-A- 2.095.275 and DE-OS-2.247.832.
  • cellulases examples include cellulases produced by a strain of Humicola insolens (Humicola grisea var. thermoidea), particularly the Humicola strain DSM 1800.
  • suitable cellulases are cellulases originated from Humicola insolens having a molecular weight of about 50KDa, an isoelectric point of 5.5 and containing 415 amino acids.
  • suitable cellulases are the cellulases having color care benefits. Examples of such cellulases are cellulases described in European patent application No. 91202879.2, filed November 6, 1991 (Novo). Carezyme and Celluzyme (Novo Nordisk A/S) are especially useful. See also WO91/17243.
  • Peroxidase enzymes are used in combination with oxygen sources, e.g. percarbonate, perborate, persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, etc. They are used for "solution bleaching", i.e. to prevent transfer of dyes or pigments removed from substrates during wash operations to other substrates in the wash solution.
  • Peroxidase enzymes are known in the art, and include, for example, horseradish peroxidase, ligninase, laccase and haloperoxidase such as chloro- and bromo-peroxidase.
  • Peroxidase-containing detergent compositions are disclosed, for example, in PCT International Application WO 89/099813, WO89/09813 and in European Patent application EP No. 91202882.6, filed on November 6, 1991 and EP No. 96870013.8, filed February 20, 1996.
  • Preferred enhancers are substitued phenthiazine and phenoxasine 10-Phenothiazinepropionicacid (PPT), 10-ethylphenothiazine-4-carboxylic acid (EPC), 10-phenoxazinepropionic acid (POP) and 10- methylphenoxazine (described in WO 94/12621 ) and substitued syringates (C3-C5 substitued alkyl syringates) and phenols.
  • Sodium percarbonate or perborate are preferred sources of hydrogen peroxide.
  • Said cellulases and/or peroxidases are normally incorporated in the detergent composition at levels from 0.0001 % to 2% of active enzyme by weight of the detergent composition.
  • Suitable lipase enzymes for detergent usage include those produced by microorganisms of the Pseudomonas group, such as Pseudomonas stutzeh ATCC 19.154, as disclosed in British Patent 1 ,372,034.
  • Suitable lipases include those which show a positive immunological cross-reaction with the antibody of the lipase, produced by the microorganism Pseudomonas fluorescent IAM 1057. This lipase is available from Amano Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nagoya, Japan, under the trade name Lipase P "Amano,” hereinafter referred to as "Amano- P".
  • lipases include Amano-CES, lipases ex Chromobacter viscosum, e.g. Chromobacter viscosum war. lipolyticum NRRLB 3673 from Toyo Jozo Co., Tagata, Japan; Chromobacter viscosum lipases from U.S. Biochemical Corp., U.S.A. and Disoynth Co., The Netherlands, and lipases ex Pseudomonas gladioli.
  • lipases such as M1 Lipase ⁇ ar
  • cutinases [EC 3.1.1.50] which can be considered as a special kind of lipase, namely lipases which do not require interfacial activation. Addition of cutinases to detergent compositions have been described in e.g. WO-A-88/09367 (Genencor).
  • the lipases and/or cutinases are normally incorporated in the detergent composition at levels from 0.0001 % to 2% of active enzyme by weight of the detergent composition.
  • Suitable proteases are the subtilisins which are obtained from particular strains of B. subtilis and B. licheniformis (subtilisin BPN and BPN').
  • One suitable protease is obtained from a strain of Bacillus, having maximum activity throughout the pH range of 8-12, developed and sold as ESPERASE® by Novo Industries A/S of Denmark, hereinafter "Novo". The preparation of this enzyme and analogous enzymes is described in GB 1 ,243,784 to Novo.
  • proteases include ALCALASE®, DURA2YM® and SAVINASE® from Novo and MAXATASE®- MAXACAL®, PROPERASE® and MAXAPEM® (protein engineered Maxacal) from International Bio-Synthetics, Inc., The Netherlands; as well as Protease A as disclosed in EP 130,756 A, January 9, 1985 and Protease B as disclosed in EP 303,761 A, April 28, 1987 and EP 130,756 A, January 9, 1985. See also a high pH protease from Bacillus sp. NCIMB 40338 described in WO 93/18140 A to Novo.
  • Enzymatic detergents comprising protease, one or more other enzymes, and a reversible protease inhibitor are described in WO 92/03529 A to Novo.
  • Other preferred proteases include those of WO 95/10591 A to Procter & Gamble.
  • a protease having decreased adsorption and increased hydrolysis is available as described in WO 95/07791 to Procter & Gamble.
  • a recombinant trypsin-like protease for detergents suitable herein is described in WO 94/25583 to Novo.
  • protease referred to as "Protease D” is a carbonyl hydrolase variant having an amino acid sequence not found in nature, which is derived from a precursor carbonyl hydrolase by substituting a different amino acid for a plurality of amino acid residues at a position in said carbonyl hydrolase equivalent to position +76, preferably also in combination with one or more amino acid residue positions equivalent to those selected from the group consisting of +99, +101 , +103, +104, +107, +123, +27, +105, +109, +126, +128, +135, +156, +166, +195, +197, +204, +206, +210, +216, +217, +218, +222, +260, +265, and/or +274 according to the numbering of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subtilisin, as described in WO95/10591 and in the patent application of C.
  • Preferred protease for use in the present invention are SAVINASE® and the proteases described in EP 215 446 and WO95/10591 at a level of from 0.001 % to 0.5%, preferably from 0.003% to 0.2%, more preferably from 0.01 % to 0.1 % pure enzyme by weight of total composition for liquid detergent compositions and; SAVINASE®, ALCALASE® and the proteases described in WO91/06637 and WO95/10591 at a level of from 0.0001 % to 0.2%, preferably from 0.001 % to 0.1 %, more preferably 0.005% to 0.05% pure enzyme by weight of total composition in granular detergent compositions.
  • Amylases ( ⁇ and/or ⁇ ) can be included for removal of carbohydrate- based stains.
  • WO/94/02597 Novo Nordisk A/S published February 03, 1994, describes cleaning compositions which incorporate mutant amylases. See also WO/94/18314, Genencor, published August 18, 1994 and WO/95/10603, Novo Nordisk A/S, published April 20,1995.
  • Other amylases known for use in cleaning compositions include both ⁇ - and ⁇ -amylases.
  • ⁇ - Amylases are known in the art and include those disclosed in US Pat. no.
  • amylases include stability-enhanced amylases including Purafact Ox Am R described in WO 94/18314, published August 18, 1994 and amylase variants having additional modification in the immediate parent available from Novo Nordisk A/S, disclosed in WO 95/10603, published April 95.
  • Examples of commercial ⁇ -amylases products are Termamyl®, Ban® , Fungamyl® and Duramyl®, all available from Novo Nordisk A/S Denmark.
  • WO95/26397 describes other suitable amylases : ⁇ -amylases characterised by having a specific activity at least 25% higher than the specific activity of Termamyl® at a temperature range of 25°C to 55°C and at a pH value in the range of 8 to 10, measured by the Phadebas® ⁇ -amylase activity assay.
  • ⁇ -amylases characterised by having a specific activity at least 25% higher than the specific activity of Termamyl® at a temperature range of 25°C to 55°C and at a pH value in the range of 8 to 10, measured by the Phadebas® ⁇ -amylase activity assay.
  • Other amylolytic enzymes with improved properties with respect to the activity level and the combination of thermostability and a higher activity level are described in WO95/35382.
  • the above-mentioned enzymes may be of any suitable origin, such as vegetable, animal, bacterial, fungal and yeast origin. Said enzymes are normally incorporated in the detergent composition at levels from 0.0001% to 2% of active enzyme by weight of the detergent composition.
  • the enzymes can be added as separate single ingredients (prills, granulatescontaining one enzyme) or as mixtures of two or more enzymes (e.g. cogranulates).
  • enzyme oxidation scavengers which are described in Copending European Patent application 92870018.6 filed on January 31 , 1992.
  • enzyme oxidation scavengers are ethoxylated tetraethylene polyamines.
  • a range of enzyme materials and means for their incorporation into synthetic detergent compositions is also disclosed in WO 9307263 A and WO 9307260 A to Genencor International, WO 8908694 A to Novo, and U.S. 3,553,139, January 5, 1971 to McCarty et al. Enzymes are further disclosed in U.S. 4,101 ,457, Place et al, July 18, 1978, and in U.S. 4,507,219, Hughes, March 26, 1985. Enzyme materials useful for liquid detergent formulations, and their incorporation into such formulations, are disclosed in U.S. 4,261 ,868, Hora et al, April 14, 1981. Enzymes for use in detergents can be stabilised by various techniques.
  • Enzyme stabilisation techniques are disclosed and exemplified in U.S. 3,600,319, August 17, 1971 , Gedge et al, EP 199,405 and EP 200,586, October 29, 1986, Venegas. Enzyme stabilisation systems are also described, for example, in U.S. 3,519,570. A useful Bacillus, sp. AC13 giving proteases, xylanases and cellulases, is described in WO 9401532 A to Novo.
  • the enzyme particles according to the present invention are characterized by having a reduced specific density of said enzyme particles below 1.7 g/mL, more preferably below 1.5 g/mL, most preferably below 1.3 g/mL
  • Preferred enzyme particles according to the present invention are characterized by having a reduced average particle size less than 600 microns, preferably between 50 and 500 microns, most preferred between 100 and 400 microns.
  • Stated particle sizes are the diameters of particles of equal volume. Desirably, the particle size distribution is relatively narrow so that average particle sizes expressed as number average or weight average sizes are similar. Particle sizes can be measured, for example, using Coulter counters or laser particle size measuring equipment such as that sold under the Maivern name.
  • the enzyme particles are prepared by grinding in a mill which will break down the particles to diameters below 600 microns.
  • the enzyme particles will generally be supplied as much larger particles of above about 600 microns diameter.
  • the enzyme particle may be premixed with other solids (e.g. builders, enzymes).
  • Preferred mills are colloid mills.
  • non-aqueous detergent compositions of this invention may further comprise a surfactant- and low-polarity solvent-containing liquid gel phase having dispersed therein the enzyme particles.
  • a surfactant- and low-polarity solvent-containing liquid gel phase having dispersed therein the enzyme particles.
  • the amount of the surfactant mixture component of the detergent compositions herein can vary depending upon the nature and amount of other composition components and depending upon the desired rheological properties of the ultimately formed composition. Generally, this surfactant mixture will be used in an amount comprising from about 10% to 90% by weight of the composition. More preferably, the surfactant mixture will comprise from about 15% to 50% by weight of the composition.
  • Highly anionic preferred surfactants are the linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) materials. Such surfactants and their preparation are described for example in U.S. Patents 2,220,099 and 2,477,383, incorporated herein by reference. Especially preferred are the sodium and potassium linear straight chain alkylbenzene sulfonates in which the average number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group is from about 11 to 14. Sodium C11-C14, e.g., C12. LAS is especially preferred.
  • alkyl sulfate surfactants hereof are water soluble salts or acids of the formula ROSO3M wherein R preferably is a C10-C24 hydrocarbyl, preferably an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl having a C-
  • R preferably is a C10-C24 hydrocarbyl, preferably an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl having a C-
  • M is H or a cation,
  • alkyl alkoxyiated sulfate surfactants hereof are water soluble salts or acids of the formula RO(A) m S03M wherein R is an unsubstituted C10-C24 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group having a C10-C24 alkyl component, preferably a C12- 18 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl, more preferably C12-C15 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl, A is an ethoxy or propoxy unit, m is greater than zero, typically between about 0.5 and about 6, more preferably between about 0.5 and about 3, and M is H or a cation which can be, for example, a metal cation (e.g., sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, etc.), ammonium or substituted-ammonium cation.
  • R is an unsubstituted C10-C24 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group having a C10-C24 alkyl component, preferably a C12- 18 al
  • Alkyl ethoxylated sulfates as well as alkyl propoxylated sulfates are contemplated herein.
  • substituted ammonium cations include quaternary ammonium cations such as tetramethyl-ammonium and dimethyl piperdinium cations
  • Exemplary surfactants are C-12- 15 alkyl polyethoxylate (1.0) sulfate (C-
  • alkyl ester sulfonate surfactants including linear esters of C8-C20 carboxylic acids (i.e., fatty acids) which are sulfonated with gaseous SO3 according to "The Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society", 52 (1975), pp. 323-329.
  • Suitable starting materials would include natural fatty substances as derived from tallow, palm oil, etc.
  • alkyl ester sulfonate surfactant especially for laundry applications, comprise alkyl ester sulfonate surfactants of the structural formula:
  • R3 is a C8-C20 hydrocarbyl, preferably an alkyl, or combination thereof
  • R 4 is a C-i-C ⁇ hydrocarbyl, preferably an alkyl, or combination thereof
  • M is a cation which forms a water soluble salt with the alkyl ester sulfonate.
  • Suitable salt-forming cations include metals such as sodium, potassium, and lithium, and substituted or unsubstituted ammonium cations.
  • R 3 is C ⁇
  • R 4 is methyl, ethyl or isopropyl.
  • the methyl ester sulfonates wherein R 3 is C ⁇
  • anionic surfactants useful for detersive purposes can also be included in the laundry detergent compositions of the present invention.
  • These can include salts (including, for example, sodium, potassium, ammonium, and substituted ammonium salts such as mono-, di- and triethanolamine salts) of soap, C9-C20 linear alkylbenzenesulfonat.es, Cs ⁇ C22 primary of secondary alkanesulfonates, C8-C24 olefinsulfonates, sulfonated polycarboxylic acids prepared by sulfonation of the pyrolyzed product of alkaline earth metal citrates, e.g., as described in British patent specification No.
  • alkylpolyglycolethersulfates (containing up to 10 moles of ethylene oxide); alkyl glycerol sulfonates, fatty acyl glycerol sulfonates, fatty oleyl glycerol sulfates, alkyl phenol ethylene oxide ether sulfates, paraffin sulfonates, alkyl phosphates, isethionates such as the acyl isethionates, N-acyl taurates, alkyl succinamates and sulfosuccinates, monoesters of sulfosuccinates (especially saturated and unsaturated C12- C-18 monoesters) and diesters of sulfosuccinates (especially saturated and unsaturated C6-C-12 diesters), sulfates of alkylpolysaccharides such as the sulfates of alkylpolyglucoside (
  • Resin acids and hydrogenated resin acids are also suitable, such as rosin, hydrogenated rosin, and resin acids and hydrogenated resin acids present in or derived from tall oil. Further examples are described in "Surface Active Agents and Detergents" (Vol. I and II by Schwartz, Perry and Berch). A variety of such surfactants are also generally disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,929,678, issued December 30, 1975 to Laughlin, et al. at Column 23, line 58 through Column 29, line 23 (herein incorporated by reference).
  • the detergent compositions of the present invention typically comprise from about 1 % to about 40%, preferably from about 5% to about 25% by weight of such anionic surfactants.
  • One class of nonionic surfactants useful in the present invention are condensates of ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic moiety to provide a surfactant having an average hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) in the range from 8 to 17, preferably from 9.5 to 14, more preferably from 12 to 14.
  • HLB hydrophilic-lipophilic balance
  • the hydrophobic (lipophilic) moiety may be aliphatic or aromatic in nature and the length of the polyoxyethylene group which is condensed with any particular hydrophobic group can be readily adjusted to yield a water-soluble compound having the desired degree of balance between hydrophilic and hydrophobic elements.
  • Especially preferred nonionic surfactants of this type are the C9-C15 primary alcohol ethoxylates containing 3-12 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol, particularly the C12-C15 primary alcohols containing 5-8 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol.
  • Another class of nonionic surfactants comprises alkyl polyglucoside compounds of general formula
  • Z is a moiety derived from glucose; R is a saturated hydrophobic alkyl group that contains from 12 to 18 carbon atoms; t is from 0 to 10 and n is 2 or 3; x is from 1.3 to 4, the compounds including less than 10% unreacted fatty alcohol and less than 50% short chain alkyl polyglucosides.
  • Compounds of this type and their use in detergent are disclosed in EP-B 0 070 077, 0 075 996 and 0 094 118.
  • nonionic surfactants are poly hydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants of the formula
  • R 1 is H, or R 1 is C-)_4 hydrocarbyl, 2-hydroxy ethyl, 2-hydroxy propyl or a mixture thereof
  • R 2 is 05.3-1 hydrocarbyl
  • Z is a polyhydroxyhydrocarbyl having a linear hydrocarbyl chain with at least 3 hydroxyls directly connected to the chain, or an alkoxylated derivative thereof.
  • R 1 is methyl
  • R 2 is a straight C-n.15 a 'kyl or alkenyl chain such as coconut alkyl or mixtures thereof
  • Z is derived from a reducing sugar such as glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, in a reductive amination reaction.
  • the hereinbefore described surfactant may be combined with a non- aqueous liquid diluent such as a liquid alcohol alkoxylate material or a non- aqueous, low-polarity organic solvent.
  • a non- aqueous liquid diluent such as a liquid alcohol alkoxylate material or a non- aqueous, low-polarity organic solvent.
  • One component of the liquid diluent suitable to form the compositions herein comprises an alkoxylated fatty alcohol material.
  • Such materials are themselves also nonionic surfactants.
  • Such materials correspond to the general formula:
  • R1 is a C-8 - C ⁇ s alkyl group
  • m is from 2 to 4
  • n ranges from about 2 to 12.
  • Rl is an alkyl group, which may be primary or secondary, that contains from about 9 to 15 carbon atoms, more preferably from about 10 to 14 carbon atoms.
  • the alkoxylated fatty alcohols will be ethoxylated materials that contain from about 2 to 12 ethylene oxide moieties per molecule, more preferably from about 3 to 10 ethylene oxide moieties per molecule.
  • the alkoxylated fatty alcohol component of the liquid diluent will frequently have a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) which ranges from about 3 to 17. More preferably, the HLB of this material will range from about 6 to 15, most preferably from about 8 to 15.
  • HLB hydrophilic-lipophilic balance
  • fatty alcohol alkoxylates useful as one of the essential components of the non-aqueous liquid diluent in the compositions herein will include those which are made from alcohols of 12 to 15 carbon atoms and which contain about 7 moles of ethylene oxide. Such materials have been commercially marketed under the trade names Neodol 25-7 and Neodol 23- 6.5 by Shell Chemical Company.
  • Neodols include Neodol 1-5, an ethoxylated fatty alcohol averaging 11 carbon atoms in its alkyl chain with about 5 moles of ethylene oxide; Neodol 23-9, an ethoxylated primary C-
  • Dobanol 91-5 is an ethoxylated Cg-C ⁇ - ⁇ fatty alcohol with an average of 5 moles ethylene oxide and Dobanol 25-7 is an ethoxylated C12-C-15 fatty alcohol with an average of 7 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of fatty alcohol.
  • Suitable ethoxylated alcohols include Tergitol 15-S-7 and Tergitol 15-S-9 both of which are linear secondary alcohol ethoxylates that have been commercially marketed by Union Carbide Corporation.
  • the former is a mixed ethoxylation product of C ⁇ n to C15 linear secondary alkanol with 7 moles of ethylene oxide and the latter is a similar product but with 9 moles of ethylene oxide being reacted.
  • Neodol 45-1 1 are similar ethylene oxide condensation products of higher fatty alcohols, with the higher fatty alcohol being of 14-15 carbon atoms and the number of ethylene oxide groups per mole being about 11. Such products have also been commercially marketed by Shell Chemical Company.
  • the alcohol alkoxylate component when utilized as part of the liquid diluent in the non-aqueous compositions herein will generally be present to the extent of from about 1 % to 60% by weight of the composition. More preferably, the alcohol alkoxylate component will comprise about 5% to 40% by weight of the compositions herein. Most preferably, the alcohol alkoxylate component will comprise from about 10% to 25% by weight of the detergent compositions herein.
  • solvent is used herein to connote the non-surface active carrier or diluent portion of the liquid phase of the composition. While some of the essential and/or optional components of the compositions herein may actually dissolve in the "solvenf'-containing phase, other components will be present as particulate material dispersed within the "sumble"- containing phase. Thus the term “solvent” is not meant to require that the solvent material be capable of actually dissolving all of the detergent composition components added thereto.
  • non-aqueous organic materials which are employed as solvents herein are those which are liquids of low polarity.
  • low-polarity liquids are those which have little, if any, tendency to dissolve one of the preferred types of particulate material used in the compositions herein, i.e., the peroxygen bleaching agents, sodium perborate or sodium percarbonate.
  • relatively polar solvents such as ethanol should not be utilized.
  • Suitable types of low-polarity solvents useful in the non-aqueous liquid detergent compositions herein do include alkylene glycol mono lower alkyl ethers, lower molecular weight polyethylene glycols, lower molecular weight methyl esters and amides, and the like.
  • a preferred type of non-aqueous, low-polarity solvent for use herein comprises the mono-, di-, tri-, or tetra- C2-C3 alkylene glycol mono C2-C ⁇ alkyl ethers.
  • the specific examples of such compounds include diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, tetraethylene glycol monobutyl ether, dipropolyene glycol monoethyl ether, and dipropylene glycol monobutyl ether.
  • Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and dipropylene glycol monobutyl ether are especially preferred.
  • Compounds of the type have been commercially marketed under the tradenames Dowanol, Carbitol, and Cellosolve.
  • non-aqueous, low-polarity organic solvent useful herein comprises the lower molecular weight polyethylene glycols (PEGs).
  • PEGs polyethylene glycols
  • Such materials are those having molecular weights of at least about 150.
  • PEGs of molecular weight ranging from about 200 to 600 are most preferred.
  • non-polar, non-aqueous solvent comprises lower molecular weight methyl esters.
  • Such materials are those of the general formula: Rl-C(O)-OCH3 wherein R1 ranges from 1 to about 18.
  • suitable lower molecular weight methyl esters include methyl acetate, methyl propionate, methyl octanoate, and methyl dodecanoate.
  • the non-aqueous, low-polarity organic solvent(s) employed should, of course, be compatible and non-reactive with other composition components, e.g., bleach and/or activators, used in the liquid detergent compositions herein.
  • Such a solvent component will generally be utilized in an amount of from about 1% to 60% by weight of the composition. More preferably, the non-aqueous, low-polarity organic solvent will comprise from about 5% to 40% by weight of the composition, most preferably from about 10% to 25% by weight of the composition.
  • the amount of total liquid diluent in the compositions herein will be determined by the type and amounts of other composition components and by the desired composition properties. Generally, the liquid diluent will comprise from about 20% to 95% by weight of the compositions herein. More preferably, the liquid diluent will comprise from about 50% to 70% by weight of the composition.
  • the non-aqueous detergent compositions herein may further comprise a solid phase of particulate material which is dispersed and suspended within the liquid phase.
  • particulate material will range in size from about 0.1 to 1500 microns. More preferably such material will range in size from about 5 to 500 microns.
  • the particulate material utilized herein can comprise one or more types of detergent composition components which in particulate form are substantially insoluble in the non-aqueous liquid phase of the composition.
  • the types of particulate materials which can be utilized are described in detail as follows:
  • the most preferred type of particulate material useful for forming the solid phase of the detergent compositions herein comprises particles of a peroxygen bleaching agent.
  • a peroxygen bleaching agent may be organic or inorganic in nature. Inorganic peroxygen bleaching agents are frequently utilized in combination with a bleach activator.
  • Useful organic peroxygen bleaching agents include percarboxylic acid bleaching agents and salts thereof. Suitable examples of this class of agents include magnesium monoperoxyphthalate hexahydrate, the magnesium salt of metachloro perbenzoic acid, 4-nonylamino-4- oxoperoxybutyric acid and diperoxydodecanedioic acid.
  • Such bleaching agents are disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,483,781 , Hartman, Issued November 20, 1984; European Patent Application EP-A-133,354, Banks et al., Published February 20, 1985; and U.S. Patent 4,412,934, Chung et al., issued November 1 , 1983.
  • Highly preferred bleaching agents also include 6-nonylamino-6-oxoperoxycaproic acid (NAPAA) as described in U.S. Patent 4,634,551 , Issued January 6, 1987 to Burns et al.
  • NAPAA 6-nonylamino-6-oxoperoxycaproic
  • Inorganic peroxygen bleaching agents may also be used in particulate form in the detergent compositions herein.
  • Inorganic bleaching agents are in fact preferred.
  • Such inorganic peroxygen compounds include alkali metal perborate and percarbonate materials, most preferably the percarbonates.
  • sodium perborate e.g. mono- or tetra-hydrate
  • Suitable inorganic bleaching agents can also include sodium or potassium carbonate peroxyhydrate and equivalent "percarbonate" bleaches, sodium pyrophosphate peroxyhydrate, urea peroxyhydrate, and sodium peroxide.
  • Persulfate bleach e.g., OXONE, manufactured commercially by DuPont
  • OXONE manufactured commercially by DuPont
  • inorganic peroxygen bleaches will be coated with silicate, borate, sulfate or water-soluble surfactants.
  • coated percarbonate particles are available from various commercial sources such as FMC, Solvay Interox, Tokai Denka and Degussa.
  • Inorganic peroxygen bleaching agents e.g., the perborates, the percarbonates, etc.
  • bleach activators which lead to the in situ production in aqueous solution (i.e., during use of the compositions herein for fabric laundering/bleaching) of the peroxy acid corresponding to the bleach activator.
  • Various non-limiting examples of activators are disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,915,854, Issued April 10, 1990 to Mao et al.; and U.S. Patent 4,412,934 Issued November 1 , 1983 to Chung et al.
  • NOBS nonanoyloxybenzene sulfonate
  • TAED tetraacetyl ethylene diamine
  • R1 is an alkyl group containing from about 6 to about 12 carbon atoms
  • R2 is an alkylene containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms
  • R ⁇ is H or alkyl, aryl, or alkaryl containing from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms
  • L is any suitable leaving group.
  • a leaving group is any group that is displaced from the bleach activator as a consequence of the nucleophilic attack on the bleach activator by the perhydrolysis anion.
  • a preferred leaving group is phenol sulfonate.
  • bleach activators of the above formulae include (6-octanamido-caproyl)oxybenzenesulfonate, (6-nonanamidocaproyl) oxyben-zenesulfonate, (6-decanamido-caproyl)oxybenzenesulfonate and mixtures thereof as described in the hereinbefore referenced U.S. Patent 4,634,551. Such mixtures are characterized herein as (6-C8-C-] Q alkamido- caproyl)oxybenzenesulfonate.
  • Another class of useful bleach activators comprises the benzoxazin- type activators disclosed by Hodge et al. in U.S. Patent 4,966, 723, Issued October 30, 1990, incorporated herein by reference.
  • a highly preferred activator of the benzoxazin-type is:
  • Still another class of useful bleach activators includes the acyl lactam activators, especially acyl caprolactams and acyl valerolactams of the formulae:
  • R ⁇ is H or an alkyl, aryl, alkoxyaryl, or alkaryl group containing from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms.
  • Highly preferred lactam activators include benzoyl caprolactam, octanoyl caprolactam, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl caprolactam, nonanoyl caprolactam, decanoyl caprolactam, undecenoyl caprolactam, benzoyl valerolactam, octanoyl valerolactam, decanoyl valerolactam, undecenoyl valerolactam, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl valerolactam and mixtures thereof. See also U.S. Patent 4,545,784, Issued to Sanderson, October 8, 1985, incorporated herein by reference, which discloses acyl caprolactams, including benzoyl caprolactam, adsorbed into sodium perborate.
  • peroxygen bleaching agents are used as all or part of the essentially present particulate material, they will generally comprise from about 1 % to 30% by weight of the composition. More preferably, peroxygen bleaching agent will comprise from about 1 % to 20% by weight of the composition. Most preferably, peroxygen bleaching agent will be present to the extent of from about 3% to 15% by weight of the composition. If utilized, bleach activators can comprise from about 0.5% to 20%, more preferably from about 1 % to 10%, by weight of the composition. Frequently, activators are employed such that the molar ratio of bleaching agent to activator ranges from about 1 :1 to 10:1 , more preferably from about 1.5:1 to 5:1.
  • bleach activators when agglomerated with certain acids such as citric acid, are more chemically stable.
  • a type of particulate material which can be suspended in the non- aqueous liquid detergent compositions herein includes ancillary anionic surfactants which are fully or partially insoluble in the non-aqueous liquid phase.
  • the most common type of anionic surfactant with such solubility properties comprises primary or secondary alkyl sulfate anionic surfactants.
  • Such surfactants are those produced by the sulfation of higher C8-C20 fatty alcohols.
  • R is typically a linear Cs - C20 hydrocarbyl group, which may be straight chain or branched chain, and M is a water-solubilizing cation.
  • R is a C-J Q - C14 alkyl, and M is alkali metal.
  • R is about C ⁇
  • Conventional secondary alkyl sulfates may also be utilized as the essential anionic surfactant component of the solid phase of the compositions herein.
  • Conventional secondary alkyl sulfate surfactants are those materials which have the sulfate moiety distributed randomly along the hydrocarbyl "backbone" of the molecule. Such materials may be depicted by the structure
  • n and n are integers of 2 or greater and the sum of m + n is typically about 9 to 15, and M is a water-solubilizing cation.
  • ancillary anionic surfactants such as alkyl sulfates will generally comprise from about 1% to 10% by weight of the composition, more preferably from about 1% to 5% by weight of the composition.
  • Alkyl sulfate used as all or part of the particulate material is prepared and added to the compositions herein separately from the unalkoxylated alkyl sulfate material which may form part of the alkyl ether sulfate surfactant component essentially utilized as part of the liquid phase herein.
  • Organic Builder Material Another possible type of particulate material which can be suspended in the non-aqueous liquid detergent compositions herein comprises an organic detergent builder material which serves to counteract the effects of calcium, or other ion, water hardness encountered during laundering/bleaching use of the compositions herein.
  • organic detergent builder material which serves to counteract the effects of calcium, or other ion, water hardness encountered during laundering/bleaching use of the compositions herein.
  • examples of such materials include the alkali metal, citrates, succinates, malonates, fatty acids, carboxymethyl succinates, carboxylates, polycarboxylates and polyacetyl carboxylates. Specific examples include sodium, potassium and lithium salts of oxydisuccinic acid, mellitic acid, benzene polycarboxylic acids and citric acid.
  • organic phosphonate type sequestering agents such as those which have been sold by Monsanto under the Dequest tradename and alkanehydroxy phosphonates. Citrate salts are highly
  • suitable organic builders include the higher molecular weight polymers and copolymers known to have builder properties.
  • such materials include appropriate polyacrylic acid, polymaleic acid, and polyacrylic/polymaleic acid copolymers and their salts, such as those sold by BASF under the Sokalan trademark.
  • Another suitable type of organic builder comprises the water-soluble salts of higher fatty acids, i.e., "soaps".
  • these include alkali metal soaps such as the sodium, potassium, ammonium, and alkylolammonium salts of higher fatty acids containing from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, and preferably from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms.
  • Soaps can be made by direct saponification of fats and oils or by the neutralization of free fatty acids.
  • Particularly useful are the sodium and potassium salts of the mixtures of fatty acids derived from coconut oil and tallow, i.e., sodium or potassium tallow and coconut soap.
  • insoluble organic detergent builders can generally comprise from about 1 % to 20% by weight of the compositions herein. More preferably, such builder material can comprise from about 4% to 10% by weight of the composition.
  • Inorganic Alkalinity Sources Another possible type of particulate material which can be suspended in the non-aqueous liquid detergent compositions herein can comprise a material which serves to render aqueous washing solutions formed from such compositions generally alkaline in nature. Such materials may or may not also act as detergent builders, i.e., as materials which counteract the adverse effect of water hardness on detergency performance.
  • alkalinity sources examples include water-soluble alkali metal carbonates, bicarbonates, borates, silicates and metasilicates.
  • water-soluble phosphate salts may also be utilized as alkalinity sources. These include alkali metal pyrophosphates, orthophosphates, polyphosphates and phosphonates. Of all of these alkalinity sources, alkali metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate are the most preferred.
  • the alkalinity source if in the form of a hydratable salt, may also serve as a desiccant in the non-aqueous liquid detergent compositions herein.
  • the presence of an alkalinity source which is also a desiccant may provide benefits in terms of chemically stabilizing those composition components such as the peroxygen bleaching agent which may be susceptible to deactivation by water.
  • the alkalinity source will generally comprise from about 1 % to 15% by weight of the compositions herein. More preferably, the alkalinity source can comprise from about 2% to 10% by weight of the composition. Such materials, while water-soluble, will generally be insoluble in the non-aqueous detergent compositions herein. Thus such materials will generally be dispersed in the non-aqueous liquid phase in the form of discrete particles.
  • the detergent compositions herein can, and preferably will, contain various optional components.
  • Such optional components may be in either liquid or solid form.
  • the optional components may either dissolve in the liquid phase or may be dispersed within the liquid phase in the form of fine particles or droplets.
  • the detergent compositions may contain an organic additive.
  • a preferred organic additive is hydrogenated castor oil and its derivatives.
  • Hydrogenated castor oil is a commercially available commodity being sold, for example, in various grades under the trademark CASTORWAX.RTM. by NL Industries, Inc., Highstown, New Jersey.Other Suitable hydrogenated castor oil derivatives are Thixcin R, Thixcin E, Thixatrol ST, Perchem R and Perchem ST. Especially preferred hydrogenated castor oil is Thixatrol ST.
  • the castor oil can be added as a mixture with, for example, stereamide.
  • the organic additive will be partially dissolved in the non-aqueous liquid diluent.
  • the organic additive is generally present to the extent of from about 0.05% to 20% by weight of the liquid phase. More preferably, the organic additive will comprise from about 0.1 % to 10% by weight of the non-aqueous liquid phase of the compositions herein.
  • the detergent compositions herein may also optionally contain one or more types of inorganic detergent builders beyond those listed hereinbefore that also function as alkalinity sources.
  • optional inorganic builders can include, for example, aluminosilicat.es such as zeolites. Aluminosilicate zeolites, and their use as detergent builders are more fully discussed in Corkill et al., U.S. Patent No. 4,605,509; Issued August 12, 1986, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • crystalline layered silicates such as those discussed in this '509 U.S. patent, are also suitable for use in the detergent compositions herein.
  • optional inorganic detergent builders can comprise from about 2% to 15% by weight of the compositions herein.
  • the detergent compositions herein may also optionally contain a chelating agent which serves to chelate metal ions, e.g., iron and/or manganese, within the non-aqueous detergent compositions herein.
  • a chelating agent which serves to chelate metal ions, e.g., iron and/or manganese, within the non-aqueous detergent compositions herein.
  • Such chelating agents thus serve to form complexes with metal impurities in the composition which would otherwise tend to deactivate composition components such as the peroxygen bleaching agent.
  • Useful chelating agents can include amino carboxylates, phosphonates, amino phosphonates, polyfunctionally-substituted aromatic chelating agents and mixtures thereof.
  • Amino carboxylates useful as optional chelating agents include ethylenediaminetetraacetates, N-hydroxyethyl-ethylene-diaminetriacetates, nitrilotriacetates, ethylene-diamine tetrapropionates, triethylenetetra- aminehexacetates, diethylenetriaminepentaacetates, ethylenediaminedi- succinates and ethanoldiglycines.
  • the alkali metal salts of these materials are preferred.
  • Amino phosphonates are also suitable for use as chelating agents in the compositions of this invention when at least low levels of total phosphorus are permitted in detergent compositions, and include ethylenediaminetetrakis (methylene-phosphonates) as DEQUEST.
  • these amino phosphonates do not contain alkyl or alkenyi groups with more than about 6 carbon atoms.
  • Preferred chelating agents include hydroxyethyl-diphosphonic acid (HEDP), diethylene triamine penta acetic acid (DTPA), ethylenediamine disuccinic acid (EDDS) and dipicolinic acid (DPA) and salts thereof.
  • the chelating agent may, of course, also act as a detergent builder during use of the compositions herein for fabric laundering/ bleaching.
  • the chelating agent if employed, can comprise from about 0.1 % to 4% by weight of the compositions herein. More preferably, the chelating agent will comprise from about 0.2% to 2% by weight of the detergent compositions herein.
  • Viscosity Control and/or Dispersing Agents are optionally Thickening.
  • the detergent compositions herein may also optionally contain a polymeric material which serves to enhance the ability of the composition to maintain its solid particulate components in suspension.
  • a polymeric material which serves to enhance the ability of the composition to maintain its solid particulate components in suspension.
  • Such materials may thus act as thickeners, viscosity control agents and/or dispersing agents.
  • Such materials are frequently polymeric polycarboxylates but can include other polymeric materials such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polymeric amine derivatives such as quatemized, ethoxylated hexamethylene diamines.
  • PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
  • polymeric amine derivatives such as quatemized, ethoxylated hexamethylene diamines.
  • Polymeric polycarboxylate materials can be prepared by polymerizing or copolymerizing suitable unsaturated monomers, preferably in their acid form.
  • Unsaturated monomeric acids that can be polymerized to form suitable polymeric polycarboxylates include acrylic acid, maleic acid (or maleic anhydride), fumaric acid, itaconic acid, aconitic acid, mesaconic acid, citraconic acid and methyienemalonic acid.
  • the presence in the polymeric polycarboxylates herein of monomeric segments, containing no carboxylate radicals such as vinylmethyl ether, styrene, ethylene, etc. is suitable provided that such segments do not constitute more than about 40% by weight of the polymer.
  • Particularly suitable polymeric polycarboxylates can be derived from acrylic acid.
  • acrylic acid-based polymers which are useful herein are the water-soluble salts of polymerized acrylic acid.
  • the average molecular weight of such polymers in the acid form preferably ranges from about 2,000 to 10,000, more preferably from about 4,000 to 7,000, and most preferably from about 4,000 to 5,000.
  • Water-soluble salts of such acrylic acid polymers can include, for example, the alkali metal, salts.
  • Soluble polymers of this type are known materials. Use of polyacrylates of this type in detergent compositions has been disclosed, for example, Diehl, U.S. Patent 3,308,067, issued March 7, 1967. Such materials may also perform a builder function.
  • the optional thickening, viscosity control and/or dispersing agents should be present in the compositions herein to the extent of from about 0.1 % to 4% by weight. More preferably, such materials can comprise from about 0.5% to 5% by weight of the detergents compositions herein.
  • the detergent compositions herein may also optionally contain conventional brighteners, suds suppressors, silicone oils, bleach catalysts, and/or perfume materials.
  • Such brighteners, suds suppressors, silicone oils, bleach catalysts, and perfumes must, of course, be compatible and non- reactive with the other composition components in a non-aqueous environment. If present, brighteners, suds suppressors and/or perfumes will typically comprise from about 0.01% to 2% by weight of the compositions herein.
  • Suitable bleach catalysts include the manganese based complexes disclosed in US 5,246,621 , US 5,244,594, US 5,114,606 and US 5,114,611.
  • Especially preferred catalysts are the metallo-catalysts as described in in co- pending US Patent applications Serial No. 60/040,629, Serial No. 60/039,915, Serial No. 60/040,222, Serial No. 60/040,156, Serial No. 60/040,115, Serial No. 60/038,714, Serial No. 60/039,920, filed on March 7, 1997.
  • the catalyst can be protected by dissolving the catalyst in a biopolymer.
  • Suitable biopolymers are disclosed in EP 672 104.
  • a preferred biopolymer is starch.
  • the particulate-containing liquid detergent compositions of this invention are substantially non-aqueous (or anhydrous) in character. While very small amounts of water may be incorporated into such compositions as an impurity in the essential or optional components, the amount of water should in no event exceed about 5% by weight of the compositions herein. More preferably, water content of the non-aqueous detergent compositions herein will comprise less than about 1 % by weight.
  • the particulate-containing non-aqueous detergent compositions herein will be in the form of a liquid.
  • non-aqueous liquid detergent compositions herein can be prepared by mixing non-aqueous liquid phase and by thereafter adding to this phase the additional particulate components in any convenient order and by mixing, e.g., agitating, the resulting component combination to form the phase stable compositions herein.
  • essential and certain preferred optional components will be combined in a particular order and under certain conditions.
  • the anionic surfactant- containing liquid phase is prepared.
  • This preparation step involves the formation of an aqueous slurry containing from about 30 to 60% of one or more alkali metal salts of linear C10-16 alkyl benzene sulfonic acid and from about 2-15% of one or more diluent non-surfactant salts.
  • this slurry is dried to the extent necessary to form a solid material containing less than about 4% by weight of residual water.
  • this material can be combined with one or more of the non-aqueous organic diluents to form the surfactant-containing liquid phase of the detergent compositions herein. This is done by reducing the anionic surfactant- containing material formed in the previously described pre-preparation step to powdered form and by combining such powdered material with an agitated liquid medium comprising one or more of the non-aqueous organic diluents, either surfactant or non-surfactant or both as herein before described. This combination is carried out under agitation conditions which are sufficient to form a thoroughly mixed dispersion of particles of the insoluble fraction of the co-dried LAS/salt material throughout a non- aqueous organic liquid diluent.
  • particulate material to be used in the detergent compositions herein can be added.
  • Such components which can be added under high shear agitation include any optional surfactant particles, particles of substantially all of an organic builder, e.g. citrate and/or fatty acid and/or alkalinity source, e.g. sodium carbonate, can be added while continuing to maintain this admixture of composition components under shear agitation. Agitation of the mixture is continued, and if necessary, can be increased at this point to form a uniform dispersion of insoluble solid phase particulates within the liquid phase.
  • the non-aqueous liquid dispersion so prepared can be subjected to milling or high shear agitation.
  • Milling conditions will generally include maintenance of a temperature between about 10 and 90°C, preferably between 20°C and 60°C.
  • Suitable equipment for this purpose includes: stirred ball mills, co-ball mills (Fryma), colloid mills, high pressure homogenizers, high shear mixers, and the like.
  • the colloid mill and high shear mixers are preferred for their high throughput and low capital and maintenance costs.
  • the small particles produced in such equipment will generally range in size from 0.4- 150 microns.
  • Agitation is then continued, and if necessary, can be increased at this point to form a uniform dispersion of insoluble solid phase particles within the liquid phase.
  • the bleach precursor particles are mixed with the ground suspension from the first mixing step in a second mixing step. This mixture is then subjected to wet grinding so that the average particle size of the bleach precursor is less than 600 microns, preferably between 50 and 500 microns, most preferred between 100 and 400 microns.
  • the particles of the highly preferred peroxygen bleaching agent can be added to the composition, again while the mixture is maintained under shear agitation.
  • a third processing step the activation of the organic additive is obtained.
  • the organic additives are subjected to wetting and dispersion forces to reach a dispersed state. It is well within the ability of a skilled person to activate the organic additive.
  • the activation can be done according to that described by Rheox, in Rheology Handbook, A practical guide to rheological additives.
  • the first stage consists in adding the agglomerated powder in the solvent. This combination is carried out under agitation conditions (shear, heat, Stage 2) which are sufficient to lead to complete deagglomeration. With continued shear and heat development over a period of time, the solvent- swollen particles of the organic additive are reduced to their active state in stage 3.
  • total water is referred to as the amount of water that is present in the product as a whole, be it bound to solids (e.g. water of hydration), dissolved in the liquid phase, or in any other form.
  • a preferred method of water determinations is the so-called “Karl Fischer titration”.
  • Karl Fischer titration Other methods than Karl Fischer titration, e. g. NMR, microwave, or IR spectroscopy, may also be suited for the determination of water in the liquid part of the product and in the full product as described below.
  • the "free water" of a formulation is determined in the following way. At least one day after preparation of the formula (to allow for equilibration), a sample is centrifuged until a visually clear layer, free of solid components, is obtained. This clear layer is separated from the solids, and a weighed sample is directly introduced into a coulometric Karl Fischer titration vessel. The water level determined in this way (mg water / kg clear layer) is referred to as "free water" (in ppm).
  • the “total water” is determined by first extracting a weighed amount of finished product with an anhydrous, polar extraction liquid.
  • the extraction liquid is selected in such a way that interferences from dissolved solids are minimized. In most cases, dry methanol is a preferred extraction liquid.
  • the extraction process reaches an equilibrium within a few hours - this needs to be validated for different formulations - and can be accelerated by sonification (ultrasonic bath). After that time, a sample of the extract is centrifuged or filtered to remove the solids, and a known aliqot then introduced into the (coulometric or volumetric) Karl Fischer titration cell. The value found in this way (mg water / kg product) is referred to as "total water" of the formulation.
  • the non-aqueous liquid detergent compositions of the present invention comprise less than 5%, preferably less than 3%, most preferred less than 1% of free water.
  • the particulate-containing non-aqueous liquid detergent compositions herein will be relatively viscous and phase stable under conditions of commercial marketing and use of such compositions. Frequently, the viscosity of the compositions herein will range from about 300 to 10,000 cps, more preferably from about 500 to 3000 cps.
  • the physical stability of such formulations can also be determined by yield measurements. Frequently, the yield of the compositions herein will range from about 1 to 20 Pa, more preferably from about 1.5 to 10 Pa.
  • Rheological properties were determined by means of a constant stress rheometer (Carri-Med CSL 2 100) at 25°C. A parallel-plate configuration with a disk radius of 40 mm and a layer thickness of 2 mm was used. The shear stress was varied between 0.1 Pa and 125 Pa. The reported viscosity was
  • ⁇ i the value measured at a shear rate of about 20 s .
  • Yield stress was defined as the stress above which motion of the disk was detected. This implies that the shear rate was below 3 x 10 "4 s "1 .
  • compositions of this invention can be used to form aqueous washing solutions for use in the laundering and bleaching of fabrics.
  • an effective amount of such compositions is added to water, preferably in a conventional fabric laundering automatic washing machine, to form such aqueous laundering/bleaching solutions.
  • the aqueous washing/bleaching solution so formed is then contacted, preferably under agitation, with the fabrics to be laundered and bleached therewith.
  • An effective amount of the liquid detergent compositions herein added to water to form aqueous laundering/bleaching solutions can comprise amounts sufficient to form from about 500 to 8,000 ppm of composition in aqueous solution. More preferably, from about 800 to 5,000 ppm of the detergent compositions herein will be provided in aqueous washing/bleaching solution.
  • Non-Aqueous Liquid Detergent Composition 1 Part of the Butoxy-propoxy-propanol (BPP) and a Cn EO(5) ethoxylated alcohol nonionic surfactant (Genapol 24/50) are mixed for a short time (1-5 minutes) using a blade impeller in a mix tank into a single phase.
  • BPP Butoxy-propoxy-propanol
  • Genapol 24/50 ethoxylated alcohol nonionic surfactant
  • liquid base (LAS/BPP/NI) is pumped out into drums.
  • Molecular sieves (type 3A, 4-8 mesh) are added to each drum at 10% of the net weight of the liquid base.
  • the molecular sieves are mixed into the liquid base using both single blade turbine mixers and drum rolling techniques. The mixing is done under nitrogen blanket to prevent moisture pickup from the air. Total mix time is 2 hours, after which 0.1-0.4% of the moisture in the liquid base is removed.
  • Molecular sieves are removed by passing the liquid base through a 20-30 mesh screen. Liquid base is returned to the mix tank.
  • Additional solid ingredients are prepared for addition to the composition.
  • Such solid ingredients include the following:
  • Ethylenediamine disuccinic acid EDDS
  • the bleach precursor particles are mixed with the ground suspension from the first mixing step in a second mixing step. This mixture is then subjected to wet grinding so that the average particle size of the bleach precursor is less than 600 microns, preferably between 50 and 500 microns, most preferred between 100 and 400 microns.
  • Protease, cellulase and amylase enzyme prills (400-800 microns, specific density below 1.7 g/mL)
  • Titanium dioxide particles (5 microns)
  • non-millable solid materials are then added to the mix tank followed by liquid ingredients (perfume and silicone-based suds suppressor fatty acid/silicone). The batch is then mixed for one hour
  • the resulting composition has the formula set forth in Table I.
  • the catalyst is prepared by adding an octenylsuccinate modified starch, to water in the approximate ratio of 1 :2. Then, the catalyst is added to the solution and mixed to dissolve.
  • the composition of the solution is :
  • the solution is then spray dried using a lab scale Niro Atomizer spray drier.
  • the inlet of the spray drier is set at 200°C, and the atomizing air is approximately 4 bar.
  • the process air pressure drop is roughly 30-35 mm water.
  • the solution feed rate is set to get an outlet temperature of 100°C.
  • the powdered material is collected at the base of the spray drier.
  • composition is :
  • the particle size is 15 to 100 urn exiting the dryer.
  • the resulting Table I composition is a structured, stable, pourable anhydrous heavy-duty liquid laundry detergent which provides excellent enzymatic stain and soil removal performance when used in normal fabric laundering operations.
  • the viscosity measurement at 25°C is about 2200 cps at shear rate 20 s , yield is about 8.9 Pa at 25°C.
  • the enzyme particles are stable in the concentrate and are effective in the wash liquor.

Abstract

L'invention concerne une composition détergente liquide non aqueuse renfermant une particule d'enzyme, ladite particule ayant une densité spécifique inférieure à 1,7 g/ml.
PCT/US1998/013322 1997-06-27 1998-06-25 Compositions detergentes liquides non aqueuses renfermant des particules d'enzymes a densite reduite WO1999000471A1 (fr)

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BR9810633-3A BR9810633A (pt) 1997-06-27 1998-06-25 Composições de detergente lìquido não aquoso contendo partìculas enzimáticas tendo densidade reduzida
CA002295142A CA2295142A1 (fr) 1997-06-27 1998-06-25 Compositions detergentes liquides non aqueuses renfermant des particules d'enzymes a densite reduite
EP98931633A EP0991746A1 (fr) 1997-06-27 1998-06-25 Compositions detergentes liquides non aqueuses renfermant des particules d'enzymes a densite reduite
JP50576999A JP2002512654A (ja) 1997-06-27 1998-06-25 低密度酵素粒子を含む非水性液体洗剤組成物

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US60/051,091 1997-06-27

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000040689A2 (fr) * 1999-01-08 2000-07-13 Genencor International, Inc. Compositions de faible densite et matieres particulaires comprenant lesdites compositions
WO2001023513A1 (fr) * 1999-09-24 2001-04-05 Novozymes A/S Particules pour compositions liquides
US6673763B1 (en) 1999-09-24 2004-01-06 Novozymes A/S Particles for liquid compositions
DE102007056166A1 (de) 2007-11-21 2009-05-28 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Granulat eines sensitiven Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittelinhaltsstoffs
DE102012224038A1 (de) 2012-12-20 2014-06-26 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Enzymhaltige Granulatzusammensetzung
EP3101103A1 (fr) * 2015-06-05 2016-12-07 The Procter and Gamble Company Composition de detergent liquide compacte pour blanchisserie
EP3067410A3 (fr) * 2008-02-15 2016-12-14 The Procter and Gamble Company Compositions de nettoyage
US10655093B2 (en) 2015-06-05 2020-05-19 The Procter & Gamble Company Compacted liquid laundry detergent composition
US10683474B2 (en) 2015-06-05 2020-06-16 The Procter & Gamble Company Compacted liquid laundry detergent composition
US10711225B2 (en) 2015-06-05 2020-07-14 The Procter & Gamble Company Compacted liquid laundry detergent composition
EP2350250B2 (fr) † 2008-11-03 2022-11-30 Danisco US Inc. Système d administration pour une enzyme et un substrat co-formulés

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PL2399980T3 (pl) * 2010-06-24 2013-01-31 Procter & Gamble Trwałe kompozycje zawierające polimer celulozy oraz celulazę
EP3101106B1 (fr) * 2015-06-05 2019-04-24 The Procter and Gamble Company Composition de detergent liquide compacte pour blanchisserie

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EP0339707A2 (fr) * 1988-04-29 1989-11-02 Unilever N.V. Composition détergente liquide encapsulée
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Cited By (18)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000040689A3 (fr) * 1999-01-08 2000-11-30 Genencor Int Compositions de faible densite et matieres particulaires comprenant lesdites compositions
US6534466B2 (en) 1999-01-08 2003-03-18 Genencor International, Inc. Low-density compositions and particulates including same
US6583099B2 (en) 1999-01-08 2003-06-24 Robert I. Christensen, Jr. Low-density compositions and particulates including same
WO2000040689A2 (fr) * 1999-01-08 2000-07-13 Genencor International, Inc. Compositions de faible densite et matieres particulaires comprenant lesdites compositions
CN1378590B (zh) * 1999-09-24 2010-05-12 诺沃奇梅兹有限公司 用于液体组合物的颗粒
WO2001023513A1 (fr) * 1999-09-24 2001-04-05 Novozymes A/S Particules pour compositions liquides
US6673763B1 (en) 1999-09-24 2004-01-06 Novozymes A/S Particles for liquid compositions
US20100227788A1 (en) * 2007-11-21 2010-09-09 Peter Schmiedel Granulate of a Sensitive Ingredient of a Washing or Cleaning Agent
DE102007056166A1 (de) 2007-11-21 2009-05-28 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Granulat eines sensitiven Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittelinhaltsstoffs
EP3067410A3 (fr) * 2008-02-15 2016-12-14 The Procter and Gamble Company Compositions de nettoyage
EP2350250B2 (fr) † 2008-11-03 2022-11-30 Danisco US Inc. Système d administration pour une enzyme et un substrat co-formulés
DE102012224038A1 (de) 2012-12-20 2014-06-26 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Enzymhaltige Granulatzusammensetzung
EP3101103A1 (fr) * 2015-06-05 2016-12-07 The Procter and Gamble Company Composition de detergent liquide compacte pour blanchisserie
WO2016196705A1 (fr) * 2015-06-05 2016-12-08 The Procter & Gamble Company Composition compactée de détergent pour lessive liquide
RU2678696C1 (ru) * 2015-06-05 2019-01-31 Дзе Проктер Энд Гэмбл Компани Уплотненная композиция жидкого моющего средства для стирки
US10655093B2 (en) 2015-06-05 2020-05-19 The Procter & Gamble Company Compacted liquid laundry detergent composition
US10683474B2 (en) 2015-06-05 2020-06-16 The Procter & Gamble Company Compacted liquid laundry detergent composition
US10711225B2 (en) 2015-06-05 2020-07-14 The Procter & Gamble Company Compacted liquid laundry detergent composition

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EP0991746A1 (fr) 2000-04-12
JP2002512654A (ja) 2002-04-23
AR016099A1 (es) 2001-06-20
CA2295142A1 (fr) 1999-01-07
BR9810633A (pt) 2000-10-03

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