WO1999000460A1 - Procede permettant de faire adherer une couche de polymere fluore a une seconde couche d'un article adhesif et articles fabriques par ledit procede - Google Patents

Procede permettant de faire adherer une couche de polymere fluore a une seconde couche d'un article adhesif et articles fabriques par ledit procede Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999000460A1
WO1999000460A1 PCT/US1998/012771 US9812771W WO9900460A1 WO 1999000460 A1 WO1999000460 A1 WO 1999000460A1 US 9812771 W US9812771 W US 9812771W WO 9900460 A1 WO9900460 A1 WO 9900460A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
fluorinated
substantially non
article
adhesive
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PCT/US1998/012771
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English (en)
Inventor
Naiyong Jing
Keizo Yamanaka
Sehyun Nam
Joseph H. Verkinderen
James R. Gilbert
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Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
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Priority to AU81535/98A priority Critical patent/AU8153598A/en
Publication of WO1999000460A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999000460A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B32B27/304—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl halide (co)polymers, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/40—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyurethanes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
    • C08L79/02—Polyamines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J175/00—Adhesives based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09J175/04—Polyurethanes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J5/00—Adhesive processes in general; Adhesive processes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. relating to primers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2327/00—Polyvinylhalogenides
    • B32B2327/12—Polyvinylhalogenides containing fluorine
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2405/00—Adhesive articles, e.g. adhesive tapes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J2301/00—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils
    • C09J2301/20—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the structural features of the adhesive itself
    • C09J2301/208—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the structural features of the adhesive itself the adhesive layer being constituted by at least two or more adjacent or superposed adhesive layers, e.g. multilayer adhesive

Definitions

  • the invention relates to multi-layer adhesive articles comprising a fluoropolymer and a substantially non-fluorinated polymeric material as well as to methods of producing same.
  • this invention relates to methods of adhering a fluoropolymer layer to a second, dissimilar layer of an adhesive article.
  • Fluorine-containing polymers i.e., fluoropolymers or fluorinated polymers
  • fluoropolymers or fluorinated polymers are an important class of polymers that include, for example, fluoroelastomers and fluoroplastics.
  • this broad polymer class are polymers of high thermal stability, polymers of extreme environmental durability, and polymers exhibiting flexibility at very low temperatures as well as usefulness at high temperatures. Many of these polymers also are almost totally insoluble in a wide variety of organic solvents; see, for example, F.W. Billmeyer, Textbook of Polymer Science. 3rd ed., pp. 398-403, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1984).
  • Fluoroelastomers particularly the copolymers of vinylidene fluoride with other ethylenically unsaturated halogenated monomers such as hexafluoropropylene, find particular utility in high temperature applications. See, for example, Brullo, R.A., "Fluoroelastomer Rubber for Automotive Applications,” Automotive Elastomer & Design. June 1985, “Fluoroelastomers Seal Up Automotive Future,” Materials Engineering. October 1988, and “Fluorinated Elastomers,” Kirk-Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 3rd ed., Vol. 8, pp. 500-515, John Wiley & Sons, New York. (1979).
  • Fluoroplastics particularly polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene, and poly(vinylidene fluoride), have numerous electrical, mechanical, and chemical applications. Fluoroplastics are useful, for example, as wire coatings, electrical components, and seals. "Organic Fluorine Compounds," Kirk-Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical
  • fluoropolymers e.g., their chemical resistance, low surface energy and thermal stability
  • fluoropolymers can be coated with adhesive materials to produce a tape product of a fluoropolymer backing material bonded, either directly or through intermediate layers, to an adhesive material.
  • Fluoropolymers can be bonded to other substrates such as hydrocarbon materials as part of a multi-layer tape backing. Such a backing can then be contacted with an adhesive material to produce a tape product possessing the combined desired properties of its constituent layers.
  • Multi-layer tape constructions comprising a fluorinated layer and a layer made of a dissimilar material may be engineered to form an adhesive product having a wide array of properties. While such composite constructions will possess the advantages of the fluoropolymer with the combined properties — flexibility, low density, cost effectiveness, etc — of the chosen dissimilar material, it is difficult to bond the dissimilar layers to one another, particularly where the chosen dissimilar layer is made of a hydrocarbon polymer.
  • a variety of methods can be used to increase the adhesion between a fluorinated polymer layer and a polyamide or polyolefin layer. For example, an adhesive layer can be added between the two polymer layers.
  • 5,047,287 discloses a diaphragm, suitable for use in automotive applications, that comprises a base fabric having bonded to at least one surface a fluororubber layer by an adhesive that includes an acrylonitrile-butadiene or acrylonitrile-isoprene rubber having an amino group. See also, for example, European Patent Application 05595445 (Nishino et al.) and UK Patent 2,204,932 (Washizu).
  • Blends of the two layers are in some cases also employed as an intermediate layer to help bond the layers together.
  • European Patent Application 0523644 (Kawashima et al.) discloses a plastic laminate having a polyamide resin surface layer and a fluororesin surface layer. The reference recognizes the difficulties encountered when making laminates having a polyamide layer and a fluororesin layer due to the incompatibility of the two materials.
  • the laminate of the reference is prepared by the use of an intermediate layer of a blend of an aliphatic polyamide resin with a fluorine-containing graft copolymer.
  • non-fluorinated polymers that are amine reactive with a di- or polyamine can suffer a significant change in physical properties by the reaction when employed to construct such a tie layer; polyurethanes, for example, can suffer a significant degradation in melt viscosity in the presence of even a minimal amount of a di- or polyamine, leading to a viscosity differential between the tie-layer it comprises and the other layers that can make it prohibitively difficult to co-process the multiple layers; and functionalized polyolefins can suffer a substantial loss of desirable physical properties in the presence of a di- or polyamine.
  • a third significant drawback to the use of such tie layers lies in the use of the di- or polyamine itself. Because of its toxicity and allergenicity, the di- or polyamine is a difficult material to handle directly in any process, and any method that decreases the necessity of direct contact with a di- or polyamine would present a substantial benefit to the art.
  • this invention provides a method of bonding a fluoropolymer layer of an adhesive article to a second layer comprising a substantially non-fluorinated polymeric material, the method comprising the steps of:
  • a multi-layer adhesive article comprising a substantially non- fluorinated layer made of the substantially non-fluorinated polymeric blend material contacting a fluorinated layer made of the fluoropolymer, wherein the amine- functionalized base polymer is present at the interface between the fluorinated layer and the substantially non-fluorinated layer in an amount sufficient to bond the two layers and wherein present on at least one outer surface of the multi-layer article is adhesive material.
  • the present invention provides multi-layer adhesive article constructions, including tape, film, optical products, and drag reducing articles, all made according to the above-described methods.
  • the presence of a melt-processable, amine- functionalized polymer in the substantially non-fluorinated polymeric blend material provides a mechanism for bonding a wide array of substantially non-fluorinated polymeric materials (including those that are unreactive to a di- or polyamine) to layers composed of fluoropolymers.
  • the substantially non-fluorinated polymeric layers containing the amine-functionalized base polymer also are processable with a fluoropolymer layer and exhibit resulting physical properties that meet or exceed the properties inherent to the polymers that comprise the composite tape and film structures.
  • FIGURES 1, 2 and 3 provide cross-sectional views of adhesive articles of the present invention.
  • Fluoropolymer materials useful in the present invention include those fluoropolymers broadly categorized structurally into two basic classes.
  • a first class includes those fluorinated polymers, copolymers, terpolymers, etc, comprising interpolymerized units derived from vinylidene fluoride (sometimes referred to as "VF 2 " or "VDF").
  • fluoropolymer materials of this first class comprise at least 3% by weight of interpolymerized units derived from VF .
  • Such polymers may be homopolymers of VF 2 or copolymers of VF 2 and other ethylenically unsaturated monomers.
  • VF 2 -containing polymers and copolymers can be made by well-known conventional means, for example by free-radical polymerization of VF 2 with or without other ethylenically-unsaturated monomers.
  • the preparation of colloidal aqueous dispersions of such polymers and copolymers is described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No 4,335,238.
  • Certain fluorine-containing di-olefins also are useful, such as perfluorodiallylether and perfluoro-l,3-butadiene.
  • Said fluorine-containing monomer or monomers also may be copolymerized with fluorine-free terminally unsaturated olefinic comonomers, e.g., ethylene or propylene.
  • fluorine-free terminally unsaturated olefinic comonomers e.g., ethylene or propylene.
  • Preferably at least 50% by weight of all monomers in a polymerizable mixture are fluorine-containing.
  • Said fluorine-containing monomer may also be copolymerized with iodine- or bromine-containing cure-site monomers in order to prepare peroxide curable polymer.
  • Suitable cure-site monomers include terminally unsaturated monoolefins of 2 to 4 carbon atoms such as bromodifluoroethylene, bromotrifluoroethylene, iodotrifluoroethylene, and 4-bromo-3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro-butene-l.
  • fluoropolymer materials of this first class include, for example, THV 200 fluoropolymer (available from Dyneon LLC of Saint Paul, MN), THV 500 fluoropolymer (also available from Dyneon LLC), KynarTM 740 fluoropolymer (available from Elf Atochem North America, Inc.), and FluorelTM FC-2178 fluoropolymer (available from Dyneon LLC).
  • a second class of fluorinated material useful in the practice of the invention broadly comprises those fluorinated polymers, copolymers, terpolymers, etc, comprising interpolymerized units derived from one or more of hexafluoropropylene (“HFP") monomers, tetrafluoroethylene (“TFE”) monomers, chlorotrifluoroethylene monomers, and/or other perhalogenated monomers and further derived from one or more hydrogen-containing and/orinated olefinically unsaturated monomers.
  • HFP hexafluoropropylene
  • TFE tetrafluoroethylene
  • chlorotrifluoroethylene monomers and/or other perhalogenated monomers and further derived from one or more hydrogen-containing and/orinated olefinically unsaturated monomers.
  • Useful olefinically unsaturated monomers include alkylene monomers such as ethylene, propylene, 1-hydropentafluoropropene, 2-hydropen
  • Fluoropolymers of this second class can be prepared by methods known in the fluoropolymer art. Such methods include, for example, free-radical polymerization of hexafluoropropylene and/or tetrafluoroethylene monomers with non-fluorinated ethylenically-unsaturated monomers.
  • the desired olefinic monomers can be copolymerized in an aqueous colloidal dispersion in the presence of water-soluble initiators which produce free radicals such as ammonium or alkali metal persulfates or alkali metal permanganates, and in the presence of emulsifiers such as the ammonium or alkali metal salts of perfluorooctanoic acid. See for example U.S. Pat. No 4,335,238.
  • fluoropolymer materials of the second class are poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE), poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co- propylene), poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene-co-ethylene) (ECTFE), and the terpolymer poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene), among others; all of which may be prepared by the above-described known polymerization methods.
  • fluoropolymer materials also are available commercially, for example from Dyneon LLC under the trade designations HostaflonTM X6810, and X6820; from Daikin America, Inc., under the trade designations NeoflonTM EP-541, EP- 521, and EP-610; from Asahi Glass Co. under the trade designations AflonTM COP C55A, C55AX, C88A; and from DuPont under the trade designations TefzelTM 230 and 290.
  • Dyneon LLC under the trade designations HostaflonTM X6810, and X6820
  • NeoflonTM EP-541, EP- 521, and EP-610 from Asahi Glass Co.
  • AflonTM COP C55A, C55AX, C88A from DuPont under the trade designations TefzelTM 230 and 290.
  • the bonding composition of the invention comprises, in its most essential aspect, a melt-processable polymeric component comprising a first substantially non-fluorinated base polymer and a di- or polyamine having primary or secondary amine functionality.
  • the base polymer typically is functionalized by reaction with the di- or polyamine.
  • the base polymer is, therefore, chosen as a melt-processable, substantially non-fluorinated polymer that is combinatively chemically reactive with a di- or polyamine, the most useful classes of which include polyamides, polyamide imides, polyether imides, polyimides, polyureas, polyurethanes, polyesters, polycarbonates, functionalized polyolefins (e.g., with anhydride, acid, or alcohol groups), and polyketones.
  • the melt-processable, amine-functionalized base polymer is compounded with a selected second substantially non-fluorinated polymer to form a substantially non-fluorinated polymeric blend material.
  • This blend material is processed with the fluoropolymer to form a multi-layer article or composite structure that exhibits a high degree of interlayer bond strength.
  • the amine-functional base polymer is formed by admixing the base polymer component with a di- or polyamine in a manner to affect a chemical reaction between the two components prior to their addition into the substantially non-fluorinated polymeric material.
  • the conditions (e.g., time and temperature) under which the components will react will of course be determined in part by the particular selection of the constituent materials, and the selection of those appropriate conditions will be well within the competence of the skilled artisan.
  • melt-mixing the di- or polyamine with the base polymer at a temperature of about 230 °C for between three and four minutes would, for example, prove sufficient.
  • di- or polyamine Any suitable di- or polyamine may be employed to react with the base polymer to impart amine functionality to that polymer.
  • di-, or polyamine refers to organic compounds containing at least two non-tertiary amine groups. Any primary or secondary amine may be employed, although primary amines are preferred to secondary amines. Aliphatic, aromatic, cycloaliphatic, and oligomeric di- and polyamines all are considered useful in the practice of the invention. Representative of the classes of useful di- or polyamines are 4,4'-methylene dianiline, 3,9-bis-(3-aminopropyl)-2,4,8,10- tetroxapino[5,5]undecane, and polyoxyethylenediamine.
  • di- and polyamines such as those just named, are available commercially, for example, under the trade designation "JEFF AMINES” (available from Texaco Chemical Company of Houston, Texas).
  • the most preferred di- or polyamines include aliphatic diamines or aliphatic di- or polyamines that comprise at least two primary amines, such as hexamethylene diamine, dodecanediamine, and 2,4,8,10- tetraoxaspiro[5,5]undecane-(3,9-dipropanamine).
  • the di- or polyamine can be of any molecular weight that when used in accordance with the present description will impart amine functionality to the base polymer and will impart adhesive bond strength between a fluoropolymer and a substantially non-fluorinated polymeric material.
  • the di- or polyamine may have a weight average molecular weight of below 5,000, more preferably below 2,000, or 1,000, as measured by mass spectroscopy or gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
  • GPC gel permeation chromatography
  • the base polymers to be amine-functionalized will have a weight average molecular weight of greater than or equal to about 10,000. Preferably, however, such polymers will have weight average molecular weights of greater than 15,000. In some cases, the base polymers will have weight average molecular weights of greater than 30,000.
  • Polyamides are preferred for forming the bonding composition. Polyamides useful as the base polymer for this purpose generally are available commercially. For example, polyamides such as any of the well-known nylons are available from a number of sources. Particularly preferred polyamides are nylon 6, nylon 6,6, nylon 11, or nylon 12. It should be noted that the selection of a particular polyamide material should be based upon the physical requirements of the particular application for the resulting article.
  • nylon 6 and nylon 6,6 offer higher heat resistant properties than nylon 11 or nylon 12, whereas nylon 11 and nylon 12 offer better chemical resistance.
  • other nylon materials such as nylon 6,12, nylon 6,9, nylon 4, nylon 4,2, nylon 4,6, nylon 7, and nylon 8 also may be used.
  • Ring containing polyamides e.g., nylon 6,T and nylon 6,1, may also be used.
  • Polyether-containing polyamides such as PebaxTM polyamides, may also be used.
  • GrilamidTM FE4943 One particularly useful amine-functionalized, substantially non-fluorinated polyamide was itself commercially available under the trade designation GrilamidTM FE4943, and is now available commercially as GrilamidTM XE3598 and GrilamidTM FE5405, both available from EMS Chemie AG (Switzerland).
  • Melt-processable polyamide imides, polyether imides, and polyimides may also be used as the base polymer in the bonding composition.
  • the term "melt- processable” is used herein to describe polymers that are molten or melt-processable under the conditions to which they are subjected in practicing the methods of the invention.
  • the most useful polyamides, polyamide imides, polyether imides, and polyimides will be those that are melt-processable at or below about 270 °C, more preferably at or below about 260 °C.
  • Useful polyamide imides are available commercially and include, for example, polyamide imides sold under the TORON tradename by the Amoco Chemical Corporation of Chicago, IL.
  • Useful polyether imides also are commercially available including those sold under the tradename ULTEM by General Electric Plastics of Pittsfield, MA.
  • Other useful commercially available base polymers include polyesters, polycarbonates, polyketones, and polyureas. These materials are generally available commercially including SELAR polyesters from DuPont (Wilmington, DE), LEXAN polycarbonates (General Electric, Pittsfield, MA), KADEL polyketones (Amoco, Chicago, IL), and SPECTRIM polyureas (Dow Chemical, Midland, MI).
  • the substantially non-fluorinated layers of the composite structures of the invention comprise at least a second substantially non-fluorinated polymer that is different from the first substantially non-fluorinated base polymer utilized in the bonding composition (i.e., the two selected substantially non-fluorinated polymers are not the same polymer).
  • Such substantially non-fluorinated polymers can include any of a number of well known, substantially non-fluorinated polymers.
  • substantially non-fluorinated refers to polymers and polymeric materials having fewer than 10 percent of their carbon-bonded hydrogen atoms replaced with fluorine atoms.
  • the substantially non-fluorinated polymer has fewer than 2 percent of its carbon-bonded hydrogen atoms replaced with fluorine atoms, and more preferably fewer than 1 percent of its carbon-bonded hydrogen atoms are replaced with fluorine atoms.
  • Preferred substantially non- fluorinated polymers include thermoplastic polymers such as polyurethanes, functionalized and unfunctionalized polyolefins, polystyrenes, polyesters, polycarbonates, polyketones, polyureas, polyacrylates and polymethacrylates. The particular substantially non-fluorinated polymer selected will depend upon the application or desired properties, such as chemical and/or flame resistance, of the composite article according to the invention.
  • the polyolefin polymers useful as the second substantially non-fluorinated polymer generally are homopolymers or copolymers of ethylene, propylene, acrylic monomers, or other ethylenically unsaturated monomers, for example, vinyl acetate and higher alpha-olefins.
  • Such polymers and copolymers can be prepared by conventional free-radical polymerization or catalysis of such ethylenically unsaturated monomers.
  • the degree of crystallinity of the hydrocarbon polymer or copolymer can vary; the polymer may, for example, be a semi-crystalline high density polyethylene or may be an elastomeric copolymer of ethylene and propylene.
  • Carboxyl, anhydride, or imide functionalities may be incorporated into the second substantially non-fluorinated polymer by homo- or copolymerization of functional monomers, for example, acrylic acid or maleic anhydride, or by modifying a polymer after polymerization, for example, by grafting, by oxidation or by forming ionomers.
  • functional monomers for example, acrylic acid or maleic anhydride
  • substantially non-fluorinated polymer useful in the present invention include, but are not limited to, co- and terpolymers of the above-listed functional monomers with, for example, propylene, ethylene, vinyl acetate, etc.
  • the carboxyl, anhydride, or imide functional polymers useful as the hydrocarbon polymer generally are commercially available.
  • Anhydride modified polyethylenes, for example, are available commercially from DuPont, Wilmington, DE, under the trade designation BYNEL co-extrudable adhesive resins.
  • Useful polyacrylates and polymethacrylates include, for example, polymers of acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, acrylamide, methylacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, and ethyl acrylate, to name a few.
  • other polymers useful as the second substantially non-fluorinated polymer include polyesters, polycarbonates, polyketones, and polyureas. These materials generally are commercially available, for example, under the tradenames SELAR polyester (DuPont, Wilmington, DE), LEXAN polycarbonate (General Electric, Pittsfield, MA), KADEL polyketone (Amoco, Chicago, IL), and SPECTRIM polyurea (Dow Chemical, Midland, MI).
  • substantially non-fluorinated polymers suffer chemical degradation in the presence of a di- or polyamine. Generally such degradation will be evidenced by a reduction in the viscosity of the molten bulk polymer; a reduction that can be significant (e.g., as much as 33 %) even in the presence of a minimal amount (e.g., less than about 1 percent by weight relative to the bulk polymer) of a di- or polyamine.
  • Substantially non-fluorinated polymers suffering such degradation in the presence of an amine include principally polyurethanes. It will be understood that the practice of the invention can alleviate the myriad deleterious effects of the viscosity degradation experienced by such polymers.
  • the threshold degree of degradation at which the processing of the multi-layer composite structures is compromised is not quantifiable; even a small decrease in the bulk melt viscosity of the substantially non-fluorinated polymer, for example, may create significant processing difficulties that will be alleviated by the application of the present invention, and such an application is considered within the scope hereof.
  • Polyurethanes useful as the second substantially non-fluorinated polymer include aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, and polycyclic polyurethanes. These polyurethanes typically are produced by reaction of a polyfunctional isocyanate with a polyol, often in the presence of a catalyst, according to well known reaction mechanisms.
  • Useful diisocyanates for employment in the production of a polyurethane include, for example, dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, cyclohexyl diisocyanate, and diphenylmethane diisocyanate.
  • Combinations of one or more polyfunctional isocyanates may also be used.
  • Useful polyols include polypentyleneadipate glycol, polytetramethylene ether glycol, polyethylene glycol, polycaprolactone diol, poly- 1,2-butylene oxide glycol, and combinations thereof. Chain extenders such as butanediol or hexanediol may also optionally be used in the reaction.
  • Many useful polyurethanes also are commercially available and include: PN-04 or PN-09 from Morton International, Inc., Seabrook, New Hampshire, and X-4107 from B.F. Goodrich Company, Cleveland, Ohio.
  • the polymeric layers comprising the composite structures of the invention may include optional additives, such as those typically used in other thermoplastic applications.
  • additional adjuvants include, for example, pigments, tackifiers, fillers, electrically conductive materials (such as those described in U.S. Patent 5,552,1 9), electrically insulative materials, stabilizers, antioxidants, lubricants, processing aids, impact modifiers, viscosity modifiers, as well as any appropriate mixture or mixtures thereof.
  • organo-onium compounds also may be incorporated into the substantially non-fluorinated polymeric material as a catalytic agent to improve further the bonding characteristics of the material.
  • an organo-onium is the conjugate acid of a Lewis base (e.g. phosphine, amine, ether, and sulfide) and can be formed by reacting said Lewis base with a suitable alkylating agent (e.g., an alkyl halide or acyl halide) resulting in an expansion of the valence of the electron donating atom of the Lewis base and a positive charge on the organo- onium compound.
  • a Lewis base e.g. phosphine, amine, ether, and sulfide
  • a suitable alkylating agent e.g., an alkyl halide or acyl halide
  • organo-onium compounds useful in the present invention contain at least one heteroatom, i.e., a non-carbon atom such as N, P, S, O, bonded to organic or inorganic moieties.
  • a non-carbon atom such as N, P, S, O
  • One class of quaternary organo-onium compounds particularly useful in the present invention broadly comprises relatively positive and relatively negative ions wherein a phosphorus, arsenic, antimony or nitrogen generally comprises the central atom of the positive ion, and the negative ion may be an organic or inorganic anion (e.g., halide, sulfate, acetate, phosphate, phosphonate, hydroxide, alkoxide, phenoxide, bisphenoxide, etc.).
  • Amine compounds and salts of amine compounds other than di- or polyamines may also be incorporated into the compositions of the present invention as catalytic agents.
  • Representative classes of such amine compounds include aliphatic, aryl and amidine amine compounds, preferably a secondary or tertiary amine compound. Examples of these include 4-dimethyl amino pyridine, triisooctyl amine, l,8-diazobicyclo(2,2,2)-octane, l,5-diazobicyclo[4.3.0] non-5-ene, l,8-diazobicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene, imidazole, and benzotriazole, to name a few.
  • a useful class of amine compounds can be represented by the following formula:
  • R 1 is independently selected from substituted and unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, and alkaryl groups;
  • R 2 is independently selected from H, and substituted and unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl and alkaryl groups;
  • R J is selected from substituted or unsubstituted divalent alkylene, cycloalkylene, arylene, aralkylene, and alkarylene groups;
  • n is a number from 0 to about 100.
  • the bonding composition or the amine-functional base polymer as above described (and optionally any tackifier and/or catalyst) may be combined with the second substantially non-fluorinated polymer by conventional means.
  • the bonding composition for example, can be melt-processed with the second substantially non- fluorinated polymer to produce a substantially non-fluorinated polymeric blend material.
  • the bonding composition typically will be combined with the second substantially non-fluorinated polymer at a level such that the amine-functional base polymer component comprises anywhere from about 1 to about 50 weight percent or more of the resulting non-fluorinated polymeric blend material.
  • the second substantially non-fluorinated polymer (less any tackifier, organo-onium compound or other additives) typically will make up the remainder of the non-fluorinated polymeric blend material.
  • the particular chosen composition of the non- fluorinated polymeric blend material will, in part, be determined by the necessity that enough of the amine-functional base polymer be present at the interface with the fluoropolymer layer to obtained a desired level of adhesion.
  • the bonding composition typically comprises about 50% or less by weight of the substantially non-fluorinated polymeric blend material.
  • the bonding composition can be added at levels of about 30% or less.
  • the substantially non-fluorinated layer comprises a substantially non- fluorinated polymer that is not reactive to a di- or polyamine (e.g., an unmodified polyolefin), or where said polymer is not compatible or miscible with the base polymer used to form the bonding composition (e.g., a polyamide when the base polymer is an unmodified polyolefin), such compositions preferably are formulated and/or processed such that the bonding composition and the second substantially non-fluorinated polymer each form continuous phases.
  • the respective amounts of the materials may be approximately equivalent. Using considerations well known in the art, the viscosities and densities of the respective materials should be considered in preparing such formulations.
  • the layer preferably is bonded to the fluoropolymer layer in a manner (e.g., for extended time and/or at elevated temperatures) to allow the amine-functional base polymer to diffuse to the interface of the substantially non-fluorinated and fluoropolymer layers.
  • the viscosity of the amine-functional base polymer can be selected such that it migrates to the surface of the substantially non- fluorinated blend material during the processing step (e.g., extrusion), used to combine the substantially non-fluorinated and fluoropolymer layers.
  • the second substantially non- fluorinated polymer is unreactive with amines, or is immiscible with the base polymer used to make the bonding composition
  • compatibilizing agents may be used to increase the cohesiveness of the polymeric blend material.
  • non-fluorinated polymeric blend materials e.g., formed from a diamine and a polyamide as the bonding composition and a maleated polyethylene
  • the second substantially non-fluorinated layer comprises a polymer that is not substantially degraded in the presence a di- or polyamine
  • the di-or polyamine and amine reactive base polymer that form the bonding composition need not be pre-reacted prior to formation of the non-fluorinated polymeric blend material.
  • the amine functionalized base polymer will be formed in situ during processing with the other components of the articles of the invention.
  • the adhesive articles of the present invention comprise an adhesive layer composed of an adhesive material. Any of a wide variety of adhesives may be usefully incorporated into the articles of the invention, including those which are thermoplastic (fusible), thermosetting (cure to a crosslinked state), or combinations of both.
  • One particular class of adhesives are those which are pressure-sensitive in nature.
  • pressure-sensitive adhesive materials are known in the adhesive art, and those that are suitable may comprise acrylate esters, acrylamides, thermoplastic elastomers, natural rubbers, olefins, silicones, vinyl ethers, esters, urethanes, etc., as well as selected polymers, and copolymers of these materials, and mixtures thereof.
  • the actual choice of the adhesive is largely dependent on the end use to which an artisan will apply the final adhesive article.
  • Some useful pressure sensitive adhesives are described, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos. Re. 24,906, 4,112,213, 4,323,557.
  • thermosetting adhesives that can cure, for example, upon exposure to moisture, heat, radiation, etc. to an infusible, crosslinked state.
  • Useful thermosetting adhesives include those formed by addition polymerization methods from, for example, unsaturated polyesters, epoxies, urethanes, cyanoacrylates, as well as mixture of these components or polymers, copolymers, graft copolymers, and interpenetrating networks comprising these components. Further information about many different types of adhesive may be found in I. Skeist, Ed., Handbook of Adhesives, Third Edition, 1990.
  • the fluorinated layer is bonded to the substantially non-fluorinated layer comprised of the substantially non-fluorinated polymeric material and an adhesive layer made of the adhesive material is disposed on the opposing side the substantially non- fluorinated layer.
  • This is illustrated in Figure 1, showing fluorinated layer 2 bonded to substantially non-fluorinated layer 4 where adhesive layer 6 is disposed on the opposing surface of the substantially non-fluorinated layer to produce adhesive article 8.
  • the substantially non-fluorinated layer containing the bonding composition is disposed between the fluoropolymer-containing layer and an additional layer to act as a tie-layer to the two dissimilar materials.
  • the resulting three-layer composite structure provides a backing material onto which an adhesive material is placed to produce an adhesive article.
  • the additional layer may be an additional fluoropolymer layer or may comprise any appropriate non- fluorinated polymer.
  • Such an embodiment is illustrated by Figures 2 and 3 showing multi-layer backing 16 comprising a substantially non-fluorinated layer 12 containing bonding composition disposed between fluorinated layer 10 and an additional layer 14.
  • the multi-layer backing is contacted with an adhesive layer 18 composed of adhesive material to produce a multi-layer tape product 20.
  • Still other embodiments of the adhesive articles provided herein comprise three or more additional layers, positioned on either the opposing surface of the fluorinated or the substantially non-fluorinated layer, onto at least one of the outer layers of which is placed an adhesive material.
  • one or more said additional layers comprise a substantially non-fluorinated polymer
  • that additional layer also can contain bonding composition. This would prove useful, for example, where a fluoropolymer layer is "sandwiched" between two dissimilar polymeric layers, and to bond the three layers together, both dissimilar layers contacting the fluorinated layer could contain bonding composition. Additional layers may then be placed on either or both sides of such a construction.
  • the adhesive article can find application as a drag reducing article such as a drag reduction film.
  • the fluoropolymer layer is formed into a drag reducing patterned layer before, during, or after bonding to one or more layers of the article.
  • a drag reducing patterned fluoropolymer layer may be prepared, for example, by extruding or coating the fluoropolymer onto a patterned sheet or roll. When the fluoropolymer is removed from the patterned sheet or roll, a surface of the fluoropolymer will be formed into a drag reducing pattern.
  • the non-patterned surface of the patterned fluoropolymer layer is bonded to other layers, including the substantially non-fluorinated layer, to produce a drag reducing adhesive article.
  • Such a drag reducing adhesive article can reduce the resistance to drag created by a fluid (e.g., air, gas, water, etc.) flowing across the patterned fluorinated layer.
  • the outer, exposed surface of such an article is provided with a drag reducing pattern.
  • waveforms may be employed to produce the patterned layer, those that are preferred typically comprise a series of essentially parallel peaks separated by a series of essentially parallel valleys.
  • the patterned surface may be a symmetric saw tooth pattern in which each of the peaks are identical as are each of the valleys, although parallel peaks of different heights may be separated by a series of parallel valleys.
  • the saw tooth pattern may also comprise alternating, parallel, asymmetric peaks separated by a series of parallel, asymmetric valleys.
  • peaks and valleys are not critical provided that whatever patterned surface is employed, it provides a desired reduction in drag. The optimum dimensions are somewhat dependent upon the speed at which the body to be covered passes through the fluid (or the speed at which the fluid passes over the body). It has been found that peaks having a height of about 10 to 250 microns (about 0.4 to 10 mils) are useful. Within this range it is preferred that the peaks be about 20 to 150 microns (about 0.8 to 6 mils) high for high speed uses (e.g., aircraft). The peak-to-peak spacing between adjacent peaks can likewise vary depending upon, for example, the application of the article.
  • a spacing of about 10 to 250 microns (about 0.4 to 10 mils) is useful, although, for aircraft applications, a spacing of about 20 to 150 microns (about 0.8 to 6 mils) is preferred.
  • the included angle between adjacent peaks can also vary. While flat and round bottom valleys may be useful, it is preferred that the valleys and peaks be generally V-shaped and have an included angle of from 15° to 140°, more preferably from 50° to 60°.
  • the drag reduction articles of the invention may readily be applied to a variety of bodies to reduce the drag experienced when that body moves through a fluid medium or when a fluid moves past the body. Preferably the article is positioned on the body such that the patterned surface will provide maximum drag reduction.
  • the patterned surface comprises essentially parallel peaks and valleys
  • maximum drag reduction is achieved when the peaks and valleys are generally parallel to the fluid flow.
  • Bodies to which the drag reducing article may be applied include the surface of an airplane, the hull of a boat or other watercraft, the surface of the motor vehicle, or the interior surface of a fluid-conveying conduit.
  • the patterned adhesive articles of the invention also may be used as paint replacement films and may also be employed to achieve certain desired optical effects that can be utilized to alter the appearance of the body onto which they are applied.
  • fluoropolymer art can be used to produce a bonded multi-layer article wherein the fluoropolymer material is in substantial contact with the substantially non-fluorinated polymeric blend material.
  • the fluoropolymer and the substantially non-fluorinated polymeric material can be formed into thin film layers by known methods.
  • the fluorinated layer and the substantially non-fluorinated layer can then be laminated together under heat and/or pressure to form a bonded, multi-layer article.
  • the fluoropolymer and the substantially non-fluorinated polymeric blend material, along with one or more additional layers where desired can be co-extruded into a multi-layer article. See e.g., U.S. Pat Nos. 5,383,087, and 5,284,184, whose descriptions are incorporated herein by reference for such purpose.
  • a reactive extrusion process finds particular utility in forming substantially non-fluorinated polymeric blend materials of the invention. Such a process may be carried out continuously and solventless and presents the opportunity to extrude the resultant polymers into pellets, films, fibers, tubes or the like directly from an extruder.
  • the extruder temperature should be sufficient to permit reaction between the components of the bonding composition prior to their incorporation into the chosen substantially non-fluorinated polymer. The temperature also should be sufficient to permit conveyance of the materials through the extruder and any subsequent processing equipment (e.g., necktubes, feedblocks, or dies).
  • the extruder is maintained between about 150 and about 275 °C, more preferably between about 175 and 260 °C.
  • Residence time in the extruder typically will vary from about 30 seconds to about 15 minutes, more typically from about 3 to about 10 minutes, although the chosen residence time will depend on several parameters including, for example, the length-to-diameter ratio of the extruder, chosen mixing rates, overall flowrates, the reactants used, and the necessity, if any, to blend in additional materials.
  • a wiped surface extruder relatively close clearances between the screw flight lands and the barrel are preferred, with the value typically lying between about 0.1 and about 2 mm.
  • the screws preferably are fully or partially intermeshing or are fully or partially wiped in the extruder zones where a substantial portion of the reaction takes place.
  • the heat and pressure of the method by which the layers are brought together may be sufficient to provide adequate adhesion between the layers. It may, however, be desirable to further treat the resulting multi-layer article, for example with additional heat, pressure, or both, to provide additional adhesive bond strength between the layers.
  • One way of supplying additional heat, when the multi-layer article is prepared by extrusion, is by delaying the cooling of the multi-layer article after co-extrusion.
  • additional heat energy may be added to the multi-layer article by laminating or coextruding the layers at a temperature higher than necessary for merely processing the several components.
  • the finished multi-layer article may be held at an elevated temperature for an extended period of time.
  • the finished multi-layer article may be placed in an oven or heated liquid bath or a combination of both.
  • any known coating method can be used, such as gravure coating methods, spray coating methods, die coating methods such as curtain coating and fluid bearing die methods, hot melt coating methods, etc.
  • the particular method chosen can depend on the type of adhesive chosen (i.e., a structural adhesive versus a pressure sensitive adhesive) as well as the chemistry of the chosen adhesive.
  • the adhesive layer can be cured by known methods such as by exposure to radiation, heat, moisture, etc.
  • the methods of the present invention provide multi-layer adhesive articles exhibiting ease of processability and improved inter-layer adhesive bond strength between a fluorinated layer and a substantially non-fluorinated layer.
  • Multi-layer adhesive articles of the present invention can have usefulness as tape products or adhesive films that require specific combinations of barrier properties, high and low temperature resistance, and chemical resistance.
  • the multi-layer adhesive articles of the invention can have two, three, or even more separate layers.
  • the present invention contemplates a multi-layer adhesive article including a fluorinated layer, a substantially non- fluorinated layer, and optionally further comprising one or more additional layers comprising fluorinated or non-fluorinated polymers.
  • a bi- layer adhesive backing material can be prepared according to the present invention, the bi-layer backing material comprising a fluorinated layer and a substantially non- fluorinated layer, wherein the described amine-functionalized base polymer is used to increase the adhesive bond strength between the two layers and wherein the composite layers are characterized by their ease of processability.
  • One or more additional layers comprising fluorinated or non-fluorinated polymer can, either thereafter or simultaneously (i.e., to form a tri-layer backing material), be bonded to one or more of the fluorinated layer or substantially non-fluorinated layer, to produce a multi-layer adhesive article having three or more layers on at least one outer surface of which is disposed an adhesive layer comprising adhesive material.
  • Any appropriate non-fluorinated polymeric material may be utilized as an additional layer; useful among them are any of a number of well known, hydrocarbon-based polymers.
  • Thermoplastic polyamides, polyurethanes, polyolefins, polyesters, and acrylate and methacrylate polymers and copolymers find utility in such embodiments. Any of the previously-described fluoropolymers may also be added to the multi-layer articles of the invention.
  • a multi-layer composite adhesive article may be constructed having the combined benefits of each constituent layer.
  • a fluoropolymer that exhibits particular advantage in bonding to a chosen substantially non-fluorinated polymeric material such as the commercially available THV 200
  • a fluoropolymer exhibiting relatively superior vapor barrier properties such as the commercially available THV 500
  • a composite tape or film product so formed possesses the combined advantages of its constituent layer: superior bond strength and superior vapor barrier properties.
  • T-peel samples were prepared by laminating a film of the tie-layer formulation to a 1 mm thick film of THV 200.
  • Laminate constructions were prepared by pressing a film of the tie layer composition and a THV 200 film under an approximately lkgf/cm 2 initial pressure at the temperature and time indicated in Table 1.
  • Tabs to grip the two film components of the laminate were provided by inserting a strip of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) between a portion of the tie- layer sheet and the THV 200 sheet along one edge of the laminate construction to prevent the two materials from bonding together.
  • the laminated samples were cut into 2.54 cm (1 inch) wide strips for peel testing. Peel data was generated using a SintechTM Tester 20 (available from MTS Systems Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN) operating at a cross-head speed of 10.4 cm/min. Peel data is reported in kg/2.54cm width.
  • Te-layer compositions were prepared in a two step process wherein the nylon and diamine were prereacted in a melt blending operation followed melt blending the prereacted nylon/diamine mixture with a polyurethane resin to produce the "tie-layer" composition.
  • Nylon 12 (VestamidTM L2101F Natural, available from H ⁇ ls America, Inc., Piscataway, NJ) and 1,12-diaminododecane (available from Aldrich Chemical Co. Inc., Milwaukee, WI) were pre-reacted by melt blending at 230°C for 10 minutes using a Plastic Corder mixer (an internal bowl mixer equipped with roller blades, available from C.W. Brabender Instruments, Inc., South Hackensack, NJ).
  • a portion of the prereacted nylon/diamine blend was then added to MorthaneTM L424.167 polyurethane resin (melt index 30, available from Morton International, Inc., Seabrook, NH) to produce the polyurethane/nylon/diamine tie-layer compositions in the wt./wt./wt. ratios indicated in Table 1 and the mixture melt blended at 193°C for 10 minutes using a Plastic Corder mixer. Viscosity of the blends, which was determined as described above, is reported in Table 1.
  • a film of the tie-layer composition was prepared by pressing a portion of the mixture into an approximately 1mm thick film using a hot press (193°C, approximately 30 seconds and approximately lkgf/cm 2 initial pressure). The resulting film was laminated to a THV 200 film under approximately lkgf/cm 2 initial pressure, using the temperatures and times indicated in Table 1. Peel strength data of the adhesive bond between the films was determined as described in the Peel Test procedure above and is reported in Table 1.
  • a tie-layer composition of the present invention was prepared as described in Example 2 except that 4,4'-methylene dianiline (an aromatic amine available from Aldrich Chemical Co., Inc.) was substituted for 1,12-diaminododecane. Peel strength data of the adhesive bond between the films, which was determined as described in the Peel Test procedure above, is reported in Table 1.
  • a tie-layer composition of the present invention was prepared as described in Example 2 except that 3,9-bis-(3 aminopropyl)-2,4,8,10- tetroxapino[5,5]undecane (F-100, a cycloaliphatic amine available from Ajinomoto USA, Inc., Teaneck, NJ) was substituted for 1,12-diaminododecane. Peel strength data of the adhesive bond between the films, which was determined as described in the Peel Test procedure above, is reported in Table 1.
  • a tie-layer composition of the present invention was prepared as described in Example 2 except that polyoxyethylenediamine (JeffamineTM EDR-148, an oligomeric aliphatic amine available from Texaco Chemical Co., Bellaire, TX) was substituted for 1,12-diaminododecane. Peel strength data of the adhesive bond between the films, which was determined as described in the Peel Test procedure above, is reported in Table 1.
  • a tie-layer composition of the present invention was prepared as described in Example 13 except that 1 part tetrabutylphosphonium bromide (available from Aldrich Chemical) was added to the composition. Comparative Example C-l
  • a film pressed from Morthane L424.167 resin (approximately 1mm thick) was laminated to THV 200 film at 193°C for 1, 2, 3, and 10 minutes under about 1 kgf/cm 2 initial pressure and the peel strength of the adhesive bond between the films determined as described in the Peel Test procedure above. Peel strength data of the adhesive bond between the films, which was determined as described in the Peel Test procedure above, is reported in Table 1.
  • Morthane L424.167 polyurethane resin and Nylon 12 were melt blended in a 90/10 weight ratio at 193°C for 10 minutes in a Plastic Corder mixer and subsequently pressed into an approximately 1 mm thick film as described in Example 1.
  • the resulting film was laminated to a THV 200 film as described in Comparative Example C-l.
  • the peel strength of the adhesive bond between the films was determined as described in the Peel Test procedure above, and the corresponding results are reported in Table 1.
  • Comparative Example C-3 Morthane L424.167 polyurethane resin and 1 , 12-diaminododecane were melt blended in a 99.5/0.5 weight ratio at 193°C for 10 minutes in a Plastic Corder mixer and subsequently pressed into an approximately 1 mm thick film as described in Comparative Example C-l. The resulting film was laminated to a THV 200 film as described in Example 1 and the peel strength of the adhesive bond between the films determined as described in the Peel Test procedure above.
  • Morthane L424.167 polyurethane resin and 1,12-diaminododecane were melt blended in a 98.0/2.0 weight ratio at 193°C for 10 minutes in a Plastic Corder mixer and subsequently pressed into an approximately 1 mm thick film as described in Comparative Example C-l .
  • the resulting film was laminated to a THV 200 film as described in Example 1 and the peel strength of the adhesive bond between the films determined as described in the Peel Test procedure above.
  • Comparative Example C-5 Morthane L424.167 polyurethane resin, Nylon 12, and 1,12- diaminododecane were melt blended in a 90.0/9.0/1.0 weight ratio at 193°C for 10 minutes in a Plastic Corder mixer and subsequently pressed into an approximately 1 mm thick film as described in Comparative Example C-l .
  • the resulting film was laminated to a THV 200 film as described in Example 1 and the peel strength of the adhesive bond between the films determined as described in the Peel Test procedure above.
  • a- T-peel for a PU//73/25/2//THV 200 laminate (193°C X 2 nun ) was 9 0 kg/2 54cm b - T-peel for a THV 200//73/25/2//THV 200 laminate (193°C X 2 mm ) was 9 4 kg/2 54cm c- T-peel strength dete ⁇ nined using a THV 200//t ⁇ e layer//T ⁇ V 200 laminate because of the low cohesive strength of the tie layer composition d - T-peel for a PU//86/12/2//THV 200 laminate (193°C X 2 min ) was 11 1 kg/2 54cm e - T-peel for a PU//66/32/2//THV 200 laminate (193°C X 2 mm ) was 5 9 kg/2 54cm 0 f - T-peel for a THV 200//66/32/2//THV 200 laminate (193
  • a tie layer composition (90/9/1) of the present invention was prepared as follows:
  • a BerstorfF40 mm diameter co-rotating twin screw extruder with a 40: 1 length diameter ratio was utilized with an open feed port at zone 1 and a vacuum port at zone 8. Double start fully intermeshing screws, rotating at 19 revolutions per minute, were used throughout the entire length of the barrel with forward and reverse kneading blocks and blister ring elements added between zones 3 and 8.
  • 1,12-Diaminododecane was fed into zone 1 of the extruder at a rate of 0.45 kg/hr.
  • Nylon 12 pellets (VestamidTM L2101F, available from H ⁇ ls America, Inc.), which had been dried approximately 12 hours with dry air in a NovatecTM commercial dryer operated at about 71°C, were fed into zone 1 at a rate of 4.1 kg/hr.
  • the vacuum port at zone 8 was attached to an isopropanol/dry ice cooled vacuum trap and was operated at 648 mm Hg.
  • the melt pump operated at 11.5 revolutions per minute, was utilized to afford a uniform flow of the reacted nylon/diamine composition to form a 2.5 mm diameter strand which was extruded into a Fluorinert (a perfluorochemical inert liquid, available from 3M, St. Paul, MN)/dry ice bath and pelletized.
  • This nylon/diamine composition was utilized as the disperse phase in a polyurethane matrix to afford a reactive tie layer composition by a dry blending method or through an extrusion compounding process with the component pellets.
  • nylon/diamine pellets were fed into zone 1 at a rate of 0.91 kg/hr.
  • the extruder screw was rotated at 30 revolutions per minute and the melt pump at 23 revolutions per minute with the vacuum as described above at zone 8 operated at 648 mm Hg
  • the extrusion compounded polyurethane/nylon/diamine composition was pelletized as detailed above
  • a film of the tie layer composition was prepared by hot pressing polymer pellets of the composition between PET sheets at 70 31 kgf/cm 2 and 177°C for 1 min
  • Composite laminates were prepared by pressing films of THV 200 (-10 mil thick), tie layer (-10 mil thick), and polyurethane (MorthaneTM L424 167, -20 mil thick), with 1 0 - 2 54 cm release tabs positioned between both the tie layer and the THV 200 or polyurethane, sandwiched between PET sheets, and the laminate construction heated at 177°C for 3 minutes by positioning the laminate between the heated platens of a hot press so that the laminate just contacted both the upper and lower platen under essentially zero applied pressure
  • the laminates were die cut into 2 54cm x 17 78cm test samples for peel strength analysis as measured by InstronTM analysis as follows The release tabs were removed and the THV 200 (upper jaw) and polyurethane (lower jaw) were clamped with a 2 54 cm overall jaw gap and peel values measured at
  • Example 21 A tie layer composition (80/16/4) of the present invention was prepared substantially as described in Example 20 with the following modifications Double start fully intermeshing screws, rotating at 30 revolutions per minute, were used throughout the entire length of the barrel with forward and reverse kneading blocks and blister ring elements added between zones 3 and 8 and forward kneading blocks used in zones 9 and 10
  • the vacuum port at zone 8 was operated at 648 mm Hg
  • the Brabender extruder was operated at 42 revolutions per minute to afford a melt stream flow rate of polyurethane (MorthaneTM L432.27) into the 40 mm twin screw extruder of 136 g/min.
  • the Berstorff 40 mm twin screw extruder melt pump operated at 17 revolutions per minute, was utilized to afford a uniform flow of the reacted polyurethane/nylon/diamine composition to form a 2.5 mm diameter strand which was extruded into a FluorinertTM/dry ice bath and pelletized.
  • This prereacted polyurethane/nylon/diamine composition was evaluated in laminate constructions as described in Example 20 to afford peel adhesion values ranging from 2.7 to 3.4. kg/cm.
  • a tie layer composition (90/9/1) was prepared as described in Example 20 and later re-extruded to produce a three-layer co-extruded polyurethane:tie laye ⁇ THV 200 construction.
  • a CloerenTM 3-layer co-extrusion feedblock (available from Cloeren Co., Orange TX) fitted with an C-A-B selector plug was used to prepare the co-extruded construction described.
  • the polyurethane/nylon/diamine tie layer material was extruded from extruder A which was fitted with a screw having an L/D of 24:1 and operated at a screw rate of 13.3 revolutions per minute.
  • the THV 200 was extruded as the base layer onto the PET liner covered chrome cast role from extruder B, which had an L/D ratio of 24: 1.
  • the three polymer streams were each fed into separate ports of the Cloeren feedblock which was heated at 193°C.
  • the feedblock was plumbed into an 46 cm EDITM die (available from Extrusion Dies, Inc. of Chippewa Falls, WI), heated to 199°C, which was used to cast the molten 3-layer film onto the PET liner covered chrome chill roll, operated at 4.1 m/min., to afford a ca 3 mil co-extruded construction of 36 cm wide finished slit width.
  • the resultant 3-layer co-extruded film demonstrated good interlayer adhesion under repeated flexing of the film.
  • Example 23 In Example 23, a blend containing 1.0 kg EMS GrilamidTM 4943, believed to be an amine modified nylon 12, and 0.9 Kg Dupont BynelTM 4003, an anhydride functionalized high density polyethylene (AM-HDPE), was prepared by first mixing a 2-gallon container having the above pelletized materials in a tumbler for approximately 30 minutes. The mixed materials were then melt-blended by coextrusion in a RheomixTM TW 100 conical twin-screw extruder with high intensity screws, available from Haake Buchler Instruments Inc.
  • RheomixTM TW 100 conical twin-screw extruder with high intensity screws available from Haake Buchler Instruments Inc.
  • the pre-mixed blend was fed to the twin-screw extruder by an AccurateTM solids feeder and extruded as a strand at 220 °C and 200 rpm giving a throughput of appoximately 2 Kg/hr.
  • the extrudate was quenched in a water bath and pelletized.
  • the resulting extruder-mixed high density polyethylene/amine-modified nylon blend was then cast into film using a RheomexTM 254 single screw extruder also available from Haake Buchler Instruments, Inc. The blend was extruded as a film at 200 °C and 50 rpm.
  • the resulting 13 cm (5.25 in) wide film was cast onto a 240 °C steel roll to a final thickness of 0.025 cm (0.01 in).
  • a composite was made with 1.25 cm by 5.08 cm (0.5 in by 2 in) samples of the extruder-mixed adhesive film and two 2.54 cm by 7.62 cm (1 in by 3 in) layers of 0.064 cm (0.025 in) thick sheets of a terpolymer of tetrafluorethylene (TFE), hexafluoropropylene (HFP) and vinylidene fluoride (VDF), made from resin available from Dyneon LLC as TFTV 500.
  • TFE tetrafluorethylene
  • HFP hexafluoropropylene
  • VDF vinylidene fluoride
  • a sheet of 0.00762 cm (3 mil) perfluorinated ethylene-propylene (FEP) film was placed between the THV and high density polyethylene layers.
  • the FEP film was inserted about 1.25 cm (0.5 in) only along the shorter edge of the 2.54 cm by 7.62 cm (1 in by 3 in) sample.
  • the FEP film did not adhere to either of the layers and was used only to create a THV "tab” and a polyethylene "tab” to insert into the jaws of the test device.
  • Example 24 40 g of the pelletized blend of 1.0 Kg EMS GrilamidTM 4943 and Dupont BynelTM 4003 described in Example 23 was further modified by the addition of 0.4 g Dyneon FX 5166, a tributyl allyl phosphonium chloride catalyst compound, and 0.4 g calcium hydroxide powder (available from C.P. Hall Co.) using a RheomixTM 600 internal bowl mixer equipped with roller blades, available from Haake Buchler Intstruments Inc., set at a temperature of 220 °C and a mixer rotor setting of 50 rpm.
  • Dyneon FX 5166 a tributyl allyl phosphonium chloride catalyst compound
  • calcium hydroxide powder available from C.P. Hall Co.
  • the pelletized adhesive blend was first melted in the mixing bowl for approximately one minute followed by the FX-5166 and calcium hydroxide, and the entire composition was mixed for an additional ten minutes.
  • the internal-bowl mixed adhesive compound was then removed from the mixer and molded at 230 °C into a sheet approximately 10 mils (0.00254 cm) using a 10 mil shim stock and a Wabash Hydraulic Press Co. heated platen press. After cooling, a composite was prepared and tested as in Example 23 except the middle adhesive layer consisted of a 1.25 cm by 5.04 cm (0.5 in by 2 in) sheet of the above described internal-bowl mixed adhesive blend containing the phoshphonium-calcium hydroxide catalysts.
  • the test results for Example 24 are summarized in Table 2.
  • Comparative Example C-6 20 g of DMDA 6147 high density polyethylene (HDPE), available from Petromont, and 20 g VestamideTM polyamide 12 (PA 12), available from Huls, were blended using a Rheomix 600 internal bowl mixer equipped with roller blades set at a temperature of 220 °C and a mixer rotor setting of 50 rpm. The pellets of the two components were added to the mixing bowl and blended for three minutes. The internal-bowl mixed compound was then removed from the mixer and molded at 230 °C into a sheet approximately 10 mils (0.0254 cm) using a 10 mil shim stock and a Wabash Hydraulic Press Co. heated platen press.
  • HDPE high density polyethylene
  • PA 12 VestamideTM polyamide 12
  • Example 23 After cooling, a composite was prepared and tested as in Example 23 except the middle adhesive layer consisted of a 1.25 cm by 5.04 cm (0.5 in by 2 in) sheet of the above described internal-bowl mixed PA12-HDPE blend. No measurable bonding was observed for this sample.
  • Comparative Example C-7 a 10 mil (0.025 cm) thick sheet of EMS GrilamidTM 4943 amine modified nylon was molded at 230 °C into a sheet approximately 0.0254 cm (10 mil) using a 10 mil shim stock and a Wabash Hydraulic Press Co. heated platen press.
  • the composite sample was prepared and tested as in Example 23 except the middle adhesive layer consisted of a 1.25 cm by 5.08 cm (0.5 in by 2 in) sheet of 0.0254 cm (10 mil) thick Grilamid 4943 amine modified nylon. No measurable bonding was observed for this sample.
  • Comparative Example C-8 In Comparative Example C-8, 40 g of BynelTM 4003, anhydride modified high density polyethylene (AM HDPE) available from Dupont was blended with 0.2 g dodecyl diamine (DDDA), available from Aldrich Chemical Co., using a Rheomix 600 internal bowl mixer equipped with roller blades set at a temperature of 180 °C and a mixer rotor setting of 30 rpm. The two components were added to the mixing bowl and blended for fifteen minutes. The internal-bowl mixed compound was then removed from the mixer and molded at 230 °C into a sheet approximately 0.0254 cm (10 mil) using a 10 mil shim stock and a Wabash Hydraulic Press Co. heated platen press.
  • AM HDPE anhydride modified high density polyethylene
  • DDDA dodecyl diamine
  • Example 23 After cooling, a composite was prepared and tested as in Example 23 except the middle adhesive layer consisted of a 1.25 cm by 5.04 cm (0.5 in by 2 in) sheet of the above described internal-bowl mixed amine modifed MA HDPE compound.
  • the test results for Comparative Example C-8 are reported in Table 2.
  • Example 25 In Example 25, 20 g of the Grilamid 4943 amine modified nylon, and 20 g of AdmerTM nf500A polyolefin based resin, available from Mitsui Petrochemicals America Co., were blended using a Rheomix 600 internal bowl mixer equipped with roller blades set at a temperature of 220 °C and a mixer rotor setting of 50 rpm. The pellets of the two components were added to the mixing bowl and blended for three minutes. The internal-bowl mixed compound was then removed from the mixer and molded at 230 °C into a sheet approximately 0.0254 cm (10 mil) using a 10 mil shim stock and a Wabash Hydraulic Press Co. heated platen press.
  • Example 26 After cooling, a composite was prepared and tested as in Example 23 except the middle adhesive layer consisted of a 1.25 cm by 5.04 cm (0.5 in by 2 in) sheet of the above described internal-bowl mixed amine modified nylon/polyolefin blend. The test results for Example 25 are reported in Table 2.
  • Example 26
  • Example 26 20 g of the Grilamid 4943 amine modified nylon, and 20 g of AdmerTM sf600 polyolefin based resin, available from Mitsui Petrochemicals America Co., were blended using a Rheomix 600 internal bowl mixer equipped with roller blades set at a temperature of 220 °C and a mixer rotor setting of 50 rpm. The pellets of the two components were added to the mixing bowl and blended for three minutes. The internal-bowl mixed compound was then removed from the mixer and molded at 230 °C into a sheet approximately 0.0254 cm (10 mil) using a 10 mil shim stock and a Wabash Hydraulic Press Co. heated platen press.
  • Example 23 After cooling, a composite was prepared and tested as in Example 23 except the middle adhesive layer consisted of a 1.25 cm by 5.04 cm (0.5 in by 2 in) sheet of the above described internal-bowl mixed amine modified nylon/polyolefin blend. The test results for Example 26 are reported in Table 2.
  • Example 27 20 g of the Grilamid 4943 amine modified nylon, and 20 g of DMDA 6147 high density polyethylene (HDPE), available from Petromont, were blended using a Rheomix 600 internal bowl mixer equipped with roller blades set at a temperature of 220 °C and a mixer rotor setting of 50 rpm. The pellets of the two components were added to the mixing bowl and blended for three minutes. The internal-bowl mixed compound was then removed from the mixer and molded at 230 °C into a sheet approximately 0.0254 cm (10 mil) using a 10 mil shim stock and a Wabash Hydraulic Press Co. heated platen press.
  • HDPE high density polyethylene
  • Example 28 After cooling, a composite was prepared and tested as in Example 23 except the middle adhesive layer consisted of a 1.25 cm by 5.04 cm (0.5 in by 2 in) sheet of the above described internal-bowl mixed amine modified nylon - HDPE blend. The test results for Example 27 are reported in Table 2.
  • Example 28
  • Example 28 a composite sample was prepared and tested as in Example 23 except that the extruder mixed adhesive film was prepared from 0.33 kg Grilamid 4943 and 1.0 kg Bynel 4003. Test results for Example 28 are reported in Table 2.
  • Example 29 a composite sample was prepared and tested as in Example 23 except that the extruder mixed adhesive film was prepared from 1.0 kg Grilamid 4943 and 0.3 kg Bynel 4003. Test results for Example 29 are reported in Table 2.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des procédés de liaison d'une matière polymère non fluorée avec un polymère fluoré comprenant des couches constituantes d'articles adhésifs qui utilisent une composition de liaison constituée d'un composant primaire ou secondaire de polyamine ou de diamine, sensiblement non fluoré, pouvant être traité par fusion. La présente invention concerne des articles fabriqués par lesdits procédés.
PCT/US1998/012771 1997-06-27 1998-06-19 Procede permettant de faire adherer une couche de polymere fluore a une seconde couche d'un article adhesif et articles fabriques par ledit procede WO1999000460A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU81535/98A AU8153598A (en) 1997-06-27 1998-06-19 Method of adhering a fluoropolymer layer to a second layer of an adhesive article and articles produced by same

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US5108897P 1997-06-27 1997-06-27
US60/051,088 1997-06-27

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000052084A1 (fr) * 1999-03-02 2000-09-08 3M Innovative Properties Company Compositions de liaison de polymeres fluores a des polymeres non fluores
US6767948B1 (en) 1999-12-22 2004-07-27 3M Innovative Properties Company Polyolefin polymer and catalyst blend for bonding fluoropolymers
US7141303B2 (en) 2001-03-06 2006-11-28 3M Innovative Properties Company Protective articles

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0523644A1 (fr) * 1991-07-16 1993-01-20 Central Glass Company, Limited Laminé en matière plastique ayant une couche superficielle d'une résine de polyamide et une couche superficielle d'une résine fluorée
WO1996005965A1 (fr) * 1994-08-19 1996-02-29 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Compositions a plusieurs couches ayant une couche de polymere fluore

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0523644A1 (fr) * 1991-07-16 1993-01-20 Central Glass Company, Limited Laminé en matière plastique ayant une couche superficielle d'une résine de polyamide et une couche superficielle d'une résine fluorée
WO1996005965A1 (fr) * 1994-08-19 1996-02-29 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Compositions a plusieurs couches ayant une couche de polymere fluore

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000052084A1 (fr) * 1999-03-02 2000-09-08 3M Innovative Properties Company Compositions de liaison de polymeres fluores a des polymeres non fluores
US6451925B2 (en) 1999-03-02 2002-09-17 3M Innovative Properties Company Compositions for fluoropolymer bonding to non-fluorinated polymers
US6767948B1 (en) 1999-12-22 2004-07-27 3M Innovative Properties Company Polyolefin polymer and catalyst blend for bonding fluoropolymers
US6869682B2 (en) 1999-12-22 2005-03-22 3M Innovative Properties Company Polyolefin polymer and catalyst blend for bonding fluoropolymers
US7141303B2 (en) 2001-03-06 2006-11-28 3M Innovative Properties Company Protective articles
US7608323B2 (en) 2001-03-06 2009-10-27 3M Innovative Properties Company Protective articles

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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