WO1998059493A1 - Technique de manipulation temporelle d'un systeme de transmission multivoies - Google Patents

Technique de manipulation temporelle d'un systeme de transmission multivoies Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998059493A1
WO1998059493A1 PCT/US1998/013638 US9813638W WO9859493A1 WO 1998059493 A1 WO1998059493 A1 WO 1998059493A1 US 9813638 W US9813638 W US 9813638W WO 9859493 A1 WO9859493 A1 WO 9859493A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
channel
transmission
function
channels
demultiplexer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1998/013638
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
John Ellenby
Thomas Ellenby
Peter Ellenby
Original Assignee
Geovector Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Geovector Corporation filed Critical Geovector Corporation
Priority to AU82782/98A priority Critical patent/AU8278298A/en
Publication of WO1998059493A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998059493A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/61—Network physical structure; Signal processing
    • H04N21/6106—Network physical structure; Signal processing specially adapted to the downstream path of the transmission network
    • H04N21/6137—Network physical structure; Signal processing specially adapted to the downstream path of the transmission network involving transmission via a telephone network, e.g. POTS
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/25—Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication, learning user preferences for recommending movies
    • H04N21/262—Content or additional data distribution scheduling, e.g. sending additional data at off-peak times, updating software modules, calculating the carousel transmission frequency, delaying a video stream transmission, generating play-lists
    • H04N21/26275—Content or additional data distribution scheduling, e.g. sending additional data at off-peak times, updating software modules, calculating the carousel transmission frequency, delaying a video stream transmission, generating play-lists for distributing content or additional data in a staggered manner, e.g. repeating movies on different channels in a time-staggered manner in a near video on demand system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/47—End-user applications
    • H04N21/472—End-user interface for requesting content, additional data or services; End-user interface for interacting with content, e.g. for content reservation or setting reminders, for requesting event notification, for manipulating displayed content
    • H04N21/47202—End-user interface for requesting content, additional data or services; End-user interface for interacting with content, e.g. for content reservation or setting reminders, for requesting event notification, for manipulating displayed content for requesting content on demand, e.g. video on demand
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/47—End-user applications
    • H04N21/472—End-user interface for requesting content, additional data or services; End-user interface for interacting with content, e.g. for content reservation or setting reminders, for requesting event notification, for manipulating displayed content
    • H04N21/47208—End-user interface for requesting content, additional data or services; End-user interface for interacting with content, e.g. for content reservation or setting reminders, for requesting event notification, for manipulating displayed content for requesting near-video-on-demand content
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/61—Network physical structure; Signal processing
    • H04N21/6156—Network physical structure; Signal processing specially adapted to the upstream path of the transmission network
    • H04N21/6187—Network physical structure; Signal processing specially adapted to the upstream path of the transmission network involving transmission via a telephone network, e.g. POTS

Definitions

  • This invention is generally concerned with transmission of information on multi-channel, single-direction transmission systems and specifically concerned with schemes to enable high performance characteristics with respect to time manipulation in signal space.
  • Communication systems are highly diverse in their design and function. Both equipment, or hardware, and communication protocol, or software, may vary considerably from one system to another. Hardware and protocol for information exchange varies in accordance with any particular task at hand. In a very broad sense, communication systems may be classified as "two-way” and "one-way” systems. A communications system may be thought of as two stations linked together by a transmission link. A bi-directional or two-way system sends and receives information at both terminal ends of the system; while a one-way system provides a transmit only function at a server end and a receive only function at a client end.
  • a one-way system may be further characterized as having transmitter which broadcasts a signal which may be received at a remote unit.
  • the remote unit may be very simple in design and power requirements as it does not require a transmitter for producing return signals. Although the design is simple, the flow of information is limited to a single direction.
  • a radio in an automobile is a good example of a one-way, or receive only system.
  • a two-way system stands in contrast and is characterized by its arrangement which includes two or more transceivers being in communication with each other. Each unit includes both a transmitter and a receiver. Information may be passed to and from each of the units.
  • a cellular telephone system illustrates a typical two-way system.
  • a special class of two-way systems is sometimes referred to as an "asymmetrical" system.
  • information primarily flows from a server to a client.
  • the client may transmit a low bandwidth "request” to the server which tends to direct the topic or the content of information which is transmitted thereafter.
  • the "request” is typically a very brief message.
  • the content dispensed by the server is typically quite extensive in quantity. More generally, the system may be described as a very high bandwidth in one direction and a low bandwidth in the other; hence an 'asymmetrical' system.
  • Some Internet web pages deliver detailed content in response to simple low bandwidth requests. An Internet link to a web page is a good example of an asymmetrical transmission system.
  • a conventional television a one-way system
  • a user may select between the channels, one cannot select which programs are being broadcast on those channels.
  • a user of conventional television broadcast signals has no ability to request receipt of particular programs. The user must watch the program when it is transmitted and has no ability to change the time of receipt. A user has no ability to advance or retard the signal. There is no possibility for a user to freeze frame, slow-motion, et cetera.
  • Video-on-demand is a relatively new technology which promises to improve television receivers so they may receive programs which are requested by a viewer. Video-on-demand therefore provides a user greater programming choices.
  • video-on-demand systems require information transmission in two directions, i.e. the server must receive requests from the client. This complicates the system quite considerably.
  • a video-on-demand customer, or "client” user may transmit a request to a server station to receive a particular video program. In response to the request, the server station transmits the selected program.
  • This two- way asymmetric system allows a user to be highly selective with respect to programs which can be received.
  • the "up-link" or the means of transmitting a user request to a server is problematic. Cable which is used to deliver video to customers was designed as a one-way system. Consequently, repeaters and amplifiers in the system may not support transmission in two directions. It is possible to establish communication from a client to a server by alternative means.
  • a simple telephone may serve as the up-link.
  • a user might call a dedicated number and make requests by composing a certain tones in response to a server computer voice menu.
  • the server then may respond to the request by starting transmission on regular transmission cable the requested video.
  • a video "start" command is established by a telephone request.
  • the system is generally comprised of a transmit end, and receive end and a transmission link which couples the two ends.
  • the transmit end is arranged to transmit signals or a signal on a plurality of channels in a pre-determined format having regular structure with respect to time.
  • the receive end is arranged to cooperate with the transmission protocol such that dynamic receipt of signals enables advanced features without need to transmit requests from the receiver to the transmitter. As such, advanced features typically found in a two-way asymmetrical systems are realized in a one-way system with simple design and reduced power requirements.
  • a broadcast system is arranged to transmit information on a great plurality of channels in a pre-determined scheme.
  • Each channel may carry specific information and the relationship between the channels and the information carried therein is well organized.
  • the receiver may change channels in a highly dynamic manner in response to certain stimuli to realize advanced function and performance.
  • an apparatus for transmission of information comprising: a receive only terminal end; a transmit only terminal end; and a transmission link, the terminal ends each being coupled to said transmission link, whereby the transmission link includes a multiple transmission channels, each channel being arranged to carry an identical signal, a signal being transmitted on a first channel having an offset in time with respect to the signal being transmitted on a second channel, and whereby the transmit only terminal end includes a multiplexer characterized by a single input and a plurality of outputs, whereby a signal on said input is delivered to each of said outputs in sequence, each of said outputs having the same signal displaced in time, and finally whereby the receive only terminal end has a demultiplexer characterized by a plurality of inputs and a single output, whereby a single signal received on either of the inputs is delivered to the output.
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram which shows a simple version of a transmitter, receiver and link of the invention
  • Figure 2 is a detail drawing of a demuliplexing portion of a receiver of the invention showing relation between a user input, command driver, and signal inputs and outputs;
  • Figure 3 is timing schematic showing a relationship between selected channels and time.
  • Systems of the invention are generally comprised of a server end, a client end and a transmission link which couples the two ends.
  • the server end is arranged to transmit a signal on a plurality of channels in a pre-set format having regular structure with respect to time.
  • the client end is arranged to cooperate with the transmission protocol such that dynamic receipt of signals enables advanced features and function related to time without need to transmit requests from the client to the server.
  • Some of the functions include but are not limited to: “start” or “play”, “stop”, “pause”, “fast- forward”, “rewind”, “freeze frame”, “slow-” and “fast-motion” play, et cetera.
  • a communication system may include a server, a client, and a link which couples the two.
  • the server is the source of information to be conveyed and the client is the receiver and requester of that information.
  • Information may be any intelligible data in analog or digital format which may be represented by a modulated signal such as a propagation electromagnetic wave. Radio spectrum, high frequency, HF; very high frequency, VHF; ultra high frequency, UHF; infrared, IR; et cetera, all provide spectra which may carry information via modulated signals.
  • An information set may be called a program. Programs may be further divided into segments.
  • a transmitter is a device which forms and broadcasts signals which represents information.
  • a receiver is a device which can receive and decode signals and present received information in a usable form.
  • signal space is defined as a two dimensional coordinate system where signal modulation is represented on the ordinate and time is represented on the abscissa.
  • a transmission channel is a discrete conduit which may be distinct from other channels.
  • a "transmission channel” includes conventional channels characterized by a spectrally distinct band, or "frequency” or may further include more advanced schemes where several channels share a single frequency.
  • Popular techniques for providing such configuration include time division multiple access, TDMA or code division multiple access, CDMA techniques.
  • Hardware Best modes of the invention include apparatus for transmission of information which are comprised of a transmitter, a receiver, and a transmission link therebetween.
  • a transmitter 1 includes a specially arranged device which multiplexes a signal to be transmitted among a plurality of transmission channels.
  • the multiplexer 2 may be arranged to distribute a signal 3 over a great plurality of channels.
  • a transmission link 4 couples the transmitter with a receiver 5.
  • the receiver is equipped with a specially arranged demultiplexer 6.
  • the demultiplexer receives transmission of signals on a plurality of channels and provides a single signal 7 at its output.
  • the multiplexer 2 has a single input 8 and a plurality of outputs 9. Similarly, the demultiplexer has a plurality of inputs 10 and a single output 11. With reference to drawing Figure 2, one can appreciate further detail of the demultiplexer.
  • the demultiplexer 21 and its plurality of receiver channels 22 cooperate with output 23 via a command controller 24 which is directed and motivated by a user interface device 25. Receive channels are in communication 26 with the command driver.
  • the user interface device is similarly connected 27 to the command driver.
  • the user interface device may include multiple simple push buttons 28 which can be used to initiate desired receiver function.
  • An example of a transmitter may be a video playing device compatible with common video formats and systems. Video signals which may be stored in analog or digital storage systems may be played by a transmitter of the invention.
  • the transmitter may present signals for transmission on either conventional cabling systems or on more modern wireless systems.
  • the transmitter may include sophisticated electronic hardware operable for manipulation of video signals and in particular for processing them for transmission on a plurality of channels Multiplexer
  • a signal which is applied to the multiplexer input is subject to a special processing and is distributed to output transmission channels in an ordered fashion.
  • a video program may be encoded as a modulated electromagnetic signal. Briefly, the signal may be reproduced or replicated by the multiplexer into several identical signals. Each identical signal being transmitted on a different channel. The identical signals each having a beginning and an end, can be staggered in time such that a first channel has a slight time delay with respect to a second; a third channel having a similar time delay with respect to the second, and so on for all channels.
  • a transmitter and receiver of the invention are coupled by a transmission link.
  • a transmission link may be radio broadcast, fiber optic, wireless, infra-red optical, or many alternative others without deviation from the spirit of the invention.
  • a transmission link of the invention is characterized by having a great plurality of channels.
  • a channel includes conventional channels characterized by a
  • frequency or may further include schemes where several channels share a single frequency. Both time division multiple access, TDMA and code division multiple access, CDMA techniques may operate to provide a transmission link with many channels onto which signal may be distributed.
  • a receiver may be a common television tuner which has been arranged to cooperate with and receive the channels of the transmission link of the invention.
  • a receiver includes elements unique to the invention including a demultiplexer, a command driver, and a user interface device.
  • a demultiplexer operates to receive information signals on many channels and is highly agile as it switches channels and routes signals received on any of the channels to a receiver output for playback on a video device.
  • Channel switching routines may be driven by a command driver and a demultiplexer of the invention is responsive thereto.
  • a demultiplexer does not imply that physical electronic receive circuits be in place for each channel which is transmitted.
  • the icons represented as 10 in Figure 1, and 22 in Figure 2 do not necessarily correspond to actual physical objects, such as antennae or receive circuitry, but merely imply that the demultiplexer is operable for tuning to each of those receive channels. Indeed, some versions will have only one electronic circuit which can receives signals. That circuit being tunable to many channels.
  • the demultiplexer then is said to operably receive many channels without implication that it simultaneously receives more than one channel at a time.
  • a command driver includes routines which drive changing of receive channels.
  • the signals on certain receive channels are more desirable than others at any given time.
  • the command driver receives requests from a user and responds to those requests by selecting the appropriate channel changing sequence to carry out the function requested by the user.
  • a user interface device may be comprised of simple buttons which operate electronic switching in response to tactile inputs from a user. Electronic switching then initiates routines which may be executed by the command driver to select channels in accordance with a particular function.
  • the transmitter end transmits information simultaneously on a plurality of channels.
  • a plurality of channels For illustration purposes, an example is devised which has a video program having a length of one hour.
  • the program is broadcast on 3,600 independent transmission channels.
  • the entire program is transmitted as a modulated signal with respect to time, from its start to finish, on each of the 3,600 channels.
  • the "start" time for each channel is offset by one second.
  • Receivers of the invention are arranged to be extremely agile with respect to changing channels. Receivers of the invention have many mechanisms which stimulate the changing of channels in a particular order and manner which serves some function.
  • a user receiving the program may have a receiver which may remain tuned to a single channel during normal play. The signal is received on that channel in a continuous serial manner as it is broadcast onto that channel as such. If a user's attention is disturbed and the user misses a portion of the program, a "rewind" operation may be desired.
  • the user may initiate a rewind function by indicating desire for such via a user interface device.
  • the command driver being prepared with the transmission sequence in relation to the operating channels in advance, could switch channels one at a time while the user maintains activation of a rewind switch.
  • the channel switching effectively moves the receiver back in "program time” or signal space.
  • a newly selected channel has a start time which is "later” than the start time of the program transmitted on the initial channel.
  • the channel may be switched at any rate which is convenient for rewind functions and the program may be "rewound” to any point in the program with the only limitation being the resolution of the rewind steps. Due to the finite number of channels in the example, the rewind mechanism for this illustration has a one-second increment and it is impossible to rewind the program .5 seconds as there is no channel which can be selected to perform such fiinction. However, one can appreciate how useful it would be to rewind programs where this limitation would only be a small inconvenience. If higher resolutions are required, then more channels may be provided. A system having 108,000 channels can have a rewind step equivalent to standard video, i.e. 1/30 of a second, [[note that no resolution is lost in normal video frame rates or picture quality]].
  • a signal may be represented by an arrow 1 having an end 2 which represents the start of a program and an end 3 which represent the finish of a program.
  • a plurality of signals 4, each being transmitted on a separate transmission channel 5 are staggered to start at a different time 6 so that one signal on one channel begins a time ⁇ t 7 later that a second signal on a second channel.
  • an arrow represents the signal in time but not amplitude.
  • arrows 8 and 9 have been prepared and set aside. On those arrows a modulated program signal is drawn.
  • each of the arrows in the drawing is meant to represent such signals where the modulation part has been left off in order to make the drawing more clear.
  • the careful observer will notice the signal portion 10 on the channel represented by arrow 8 is identical to the signal portion 11 of arrow/channel 9.
  • the offset between the signals is a time offset in the amount of ⁇ t.
  • Special processor 12 may be added to manage: receipt from a dedicated ancillary channel, storage in a memory, and playback of special information topics or non-program data which relate to advertisement, custom designs, and screen saver video which may be played independently of regular programming. Further details follow in sections presented later.
  • a preferred embodiment illustrates how a system might be arranged to accomplish a "fast-forward" or “rewind” function where a program is advanced or retarded in response to manual stimulation provided by a user.
  • the reader will appreciate that nothing is actually “rewound” or spooled in the mechanical sense but that language is used as it is closely drawn to the timing sequence of a program in play. At a rate greater than the time interval between channels. The greater the ratio, the higher the rewind speed.
  • the rewind speed is thus variable without limit. In fact, it is now possible to "rewind" an entire program signal instantaneously. A receiver tuned to channel 8 and receiving that signal may be retarded and receipt of the program will effectively be delayed by switching the receive channel to channel 9.
  • a special ancillary channel may be reserved for transmission of a schedule of programming, channels and corresponding start times. Arranged in a matrix or a "look-up" table, this information may be received and stored in a receiver memory. The information may then be quickly accessed by the command driver and the information may be used to direct and control further function. An example of how this may be affected follows as an alternative to the "pause" function described below.
  • a “Start” function works as follows: A “start” or “play” command may be executed by a user who presses a "start” command key on a user interface device. In response to the action, a command driver responds by executing code to look for a channel which contains a video "start” marker or header. The command driver then tunes to that channel and locks thereon. The demultiplexer applies the signal received on that channel to the receiver output for play on a video device. The channel remains continuously tuned to the same channel as time advances allowing normal play of the signal. As long as a play mode is desired, no further channel changing is required.
  • a “Stop” function works as follows: A "stop” command may be effected by merely disengaging the demultiplexer output from all the receive channels such that no signal at all appears on the demultiplexer output.
  • a “Pause” works as follows: One will most certainly appreciate how convenient it would be to "pause” the evening news program while tending to matters which otherwise might interrupt such programs.
  • a pause function is executed when a "pause” button on a user interface device activates the demultiplexer to switch in an appropriate manner.
  • a pause function is used to hold program time from further advance with the intention of later resuming play from the point in time where the pause function was initiated.
  • receivers of the invention may be arranged with a channel changing mechanism which switches channels in step with actual time.
  • the channels are continuously switched at a rate of one per second to channels having a later start time.
  • One of the preferred techniques includes use of a lookup table which has been transmitted and received on a special channel.
  • a look-up table or matrix of program start times that relate to a reference clock such as present time and corresponding channels allows a command driver routine to compute which channel should be tuned in order to realize a desired function. For example, when a user initiates a pause function, the command driver may simply disengage the channel presently in tune from the receiver output, and record a program time stamp or a program elapsed time to mark when the pause function was initiated. When the pause function is to be terminated and the program is to be continued, the elapsed time is subtracted from the reference clock time.
  • the channel having a start time equivalent to that result becomes the new tuned channel. In this way, one can find the channel at any time which will allow replay of the video from the point where the pause was initiated.
  • a look-up table relieves the system from continuous switching in agreement with a strict timing scheme.
  • a "Rewind” function works as follows: A command driver may execute a "rewind” function by switching sequentially through channels having program start times which are a single time increment later in time. The switching must be done at a rate which exceeds the time offset increment between channels. For the example above having a time offset increment of one second, a rewind function is achieved by switching channels at a rate greater than one per second. It is easy to appreciate that any rewind speed is therefore possible. The rewind speed is the ratio of the program offset time to the channel switching time. Since the channel switching time is essentially variable without limit for electronic systems, the rewind speed is perfectly dynamic.
  • a “Fast Forward” function works as follows: Of course, a fast forward works in an analogous way but where the channel advance goes in the opposite direction. Changing to channels having a later program start time affects a rewind operation. Changing channels in the reverse direction, i.e. changing sequentially through channels having an earlier start time affects a fast forward operation. Like a rewind operation, a fast forward operation is perfectly dynamic in speed and may be set to any desirable speed without limit.
  • a "freeze-frame" function may operate identically to the pause function except that a single frame from the program is repeatably sent to the receiver output. Therefore, a command driver may execute a freeze frame by executing a pause function while additionally executing the function of performing a loop to repeat a single frame to the output.
  • “Slow Motion” and “Fast Motion” functions work as follows: “Slow and fast motion” functions can be performed similarly to the rewind and fast forward fiinctions described above. Channels are changed sequentially in time at a rate greater than the time increment between program start times on adjacent channels. While channels are being changed, a frame-by-frame signals may be played at the receiver output. As described, the speed of rewind and fast forward are continuously dynamic. Any speed may be realized by appropriate electronic switching. Therefore, slow and fast motion functions may also be realized at any speed which can be selectable by a user.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Un système de communication unidirectionnel haute performance assure la transmission d'informations sur plusieurs voies pour permettre des fonctions de réception de pointe. Plus particulièrement la manipulation ou la commutation de signaux de réception assure une fonctionnalité de pointe au niveau du récepteur par rapport au temps de signal. Un protocole de transmission unique permet à un utilisateur de diriger la réception du contenu sans avoir besoin d'établir une communication ascendante. Des systèmes comprennent une extrémité de transmission et une extrémité de réception ainsi qu'une liaison de transmission qui relient les deux extrémités. L'extrémité de transmission est prévue pour transmettre une plualité de signaux (4) sur une pluralité de voies dans un format prédéterminé ayant une structure régulière par rapport au temps. L'extrémité de réception est prévue pour coopérer avec le protocole de transmission de sorte que la réception dynamique des divers signaux (4) produise des caractéristiques de pointe sans qu'il soit nécessaire d'envoyer des demandes entre le récepteur et le transmetteur. On peut ainsi bénéficier des structures de pointe qu'on trouve normalement dans des systèmes asymmétriques à deux voies, dans un système unidirectionnel de conception simple qui nécessite une puissance réduite.
PCT/US1998/013638 1997-06-24 1998-06-23 Technique de manipulation temporelle d'un systeme de transmission multivoies WO1998059493A1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU82782/98A AU8278298A (en) 1997-06-24 1998-06-23 Technique for time manipulation of multi-channel transmission system

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US88106697A 1997-06-24 1997-06-24
US08/881,066 1997-06-24

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US8605141B2 (en) 2010-02-24 2013-12-10 Nant Holdings Ip, Llc Augmented reality panorama supporting visually impaired individuals
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EP4203480A1 (fr) * 2021-12-23 2023-06-28 Orange Procédé de gestion de sauts temporels lors de la lecture d'un contenu multimédia

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Cited By (13)

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