WO1998047681A1 - Process for the recovery of aluminium, cellulose and polyethylene from pack type package residues and wastes - Google Patents
Process for the recovery of aluminium, cellulose and polyethylene from pack type package residues and wastes Download PDFInfo
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- WO1998047681A1 WO1998047681A1 PCT/ES1998/000093 ES9800093W WO9847681A1 WO 1998047681 A1 WO1998047681 A1 WO 1998047681A1 ES 9800093 W ES9800093 W ES 9800093W WO 9847681 A1 WO9847681 A1 WO 9847681A1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J11/00—Recovery or working-up of waste materials
- C08J11/04—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers
- C08J11/06—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers without chemical reactions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
- B29K2023/06—PE, i.e. polyethylene
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2705/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
- B29K2705/02—Aluminium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2705/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
- B29K2705/08—Transition metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2009/00—Layered products
- B29L2009/003—Layered products comprising a metal layer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
Definitions
- This invention relates to a method for the integral recovery of aluminum, cellulose and polyethylene from packaging waste:
- pack-type packages One of the most common ways of packaging products, in particular food products, includes the use of pack-type packages :.
- This type of packaging is made from a material composed of sheets of cellulosic materials, aluminum and polymers, generally low density polyethylene. This material, due to its hygiene and impermeability characteristics, is very suitable for manufacturing containers intended to contain food products.
- a method for recovering the cellulosic material contained in pack-type packaging waste comprising the treatment of said waste with hot water, whereby the carton of the package is softened and a mixture of cellulose fibers is obtained which They can be separated from the water bath, recovered and reused.
- a common method of recovering aluminum comprises the thermal treatment of the waste, although this method causes the decomposition of the polymeric material and the generation of gases that must be treated or recycled for combustion.
- European Patent EP 543302 describes a method for separating aluminum sheets from polyethylene sheets comprising heating the sheet composed of aluminum and polyethylene sheets, with acetic acid at a concentration of at least 20%, at a temperature between 100 and 122 ° C, cool the mixture to sub-atmospheric pressure and separate the aluminum sheets from the polyethylene ones. This method requires the use of concentrated acetic acid and heat input, which reduces the overall economic balance of the process.
- Spanish patent application No. P9302228 describes a process for the recovery of polyethylene and aluminum comprising hot extraction of polyethylene and hot separation of aluminum. This procedure uses organic solvents, which requires its elimination or recovery, as well as a contribution of heat, all of which reduces the economic balance of the process. As can be seen, none of the known methods provides a recovery of all the materials of interest contained in the packaging waste packaging. Therefore, an objective of the present invention is to provide an effective method for the integral recovery of aluminum, polyethylene and cellulosic material contained in packaging waste packaging. The recovery of these valuable materials improves the economic balance of the process.
- a second objective of this invention is a method for the recovery of aluminum and polyethylene from pack-type packaging waste. that overcome the above mentioned inconveniences.
- Figure 1 shows a cross section of a characteristic material used in the manufacture of pack-type containers, where the different constituent layers and materials are shown, enlarged.
- the invention provides a method for the integral recovery of aluminum, cellulose and polyethylene from pack-type packaging waste comprising the steps of: a) dry separating the constituent material of the package in two layers , a first layer comprising the cellulosic material and a polyethylene sheet, and a second layer comprising the rest of the polyethylene sheets and the aluminum sheet; b) immersing said first layer in water and separating the cellulosic material from the polyethylene sheet; c) immersing said second layer in a solution suitable for separating the aluminum foil from the polyethylene sheets and which does not attack either the aluminum or the polyethylene; and d) separating the aluminum sheet from the polyethylene sheets.
- the method is suitable for the treatment of pack packaging waste.
- This type of packaging is made from a material comprising a composite sheet formed by an aluminum sheet surrounded by one or two sheets of polyethylene, a cellulosic material and an additional sheet of polyethylene on the surface of the cellulosic material.
- the cellulosic material comprises, in general, two different types of cellulose, one that exerts a structural function, formed by natural cellulose or cardboard, hereinafter “natural cellulose” and a second type intended to contain information on the packaged product, formed by a discolored cellulose, hereinafter "treated cellulose".
- the waste to be treated, before being subjected to the method of the invention can optionally be washed with water, in order to remove most of the impurities outside the residue.
- the residues of the packages to be treated are cut by the ends and / or by the sides in order to open the container in its entire length or in smaller fragments.
- the separation of the constituent material of the package into two layers is carried out dry, pulling and exfoliating for example, by one of the ends, corners or sides of the sheet of the material to be treated, whereby a first layer comprising the material is separated cellulosic and the outer coating polyethylene sheet, and a second layer comprising the rest of the polyethylene sheets and the aluminum sheet.
- the first layer is immersed in water, at a temperature between 5 and 30 ° C, and at atmospheric pressure, for a period of time between 6 and 24 hours, thereby separating the cellulosic material from the polyethylene sheet.
- the cellulosic material is separated into two fractions, one corresponding to the structural cellulose that separates with a texture and appearance of the structural material, and another fraction corresponding to the treated cellulose that separates with the typical appearance of the washed paper .
- the separated polyethylene sheet contains a small part of the treated cellulose fraction adhered on the surface of the polyethylene, usually less than 2% by weight with respect to the total initial treated cellulose.
- This treated cellulose adhered to the polyethylene can be separated by washing, blowing or erosion with a slightly abrasive medium so as not to damage the polyethylene.
- a slightly abrasive medium so as not to damage the polyethylene.
- the second layer is immersed in a solution suitable for separating aluminum from polyethylene sheets that does not attack either aluminum or polyethylene.
- a solution suitable for separating aluminum from polyethylene sheets that does not attack either aluminum or polyethylene is an aqueous solution of acetic acid, with a concentration between 3 and 15% by weight.
- Immersion of the second layer in said solution is carried out at a temperature between 5 and 30 ° C, at atmospheric pressure, and for a period of time between 1 and 5 days, depending on the concentration of the acetic acid solution used .
- the aluminum foil can be easily separated from the polyethylene sheets by simple exfoliation.
- acetic acid causes solubilization of the binder between the aluminum sheet and the polyethylene sheets, thereby separating said sheets.
- Figure 1 shows a cross section of a characteristic material used in the manufacture of pack-type containers comprising an aluminum foil (1) surrounded by two sheets of polyethylene (2) and (3) that can be the same or different .
- a layer of natural cellulose (4) which exerts a structural function
- a layer of a treated cellulose (5) for example, discolored by treatment with calcium hypochlorite, intended for Contain the information on the packaged product.
- Layers (4) and (5) constitute the layer of cellulosic material.
- the material contains a polyethylene sheet (6), which can be the same or different from the polyethylene sheets (2) and (3).
- a second layer (B) comprising the rest of the polyethylene sheets (2) and (3) and the aluminum sheet (1); b) immerse said first layer (A) in water and separate the cellulose layers (4) and (5) from the polyethylene sheet (6); c) immersing said second layer (B) in a solution suitable for separating the aluminum sheet (1) from the polyethylene sheets (2) and (3) and not attacking either the aluminum or the polyethylene; and d) separating the aluminum sheet (1) from the polyethylene sheets (2) and (3).
- the residues of the containers to be treated are subjected to a previous wash with water, if desired, and subsequently, they are cut by the ends and / or by the sides in order to open the container in its entire length or in smaller fragments .
- the separation of the constituent material of the container into two layers is carried out dry, pulling and exfoliating at one of the ends, corners or sides of the sheet of the material to be treated, thereby separating a first layer (A) comprising the material cellulosic (4) and (5) and the outer coating polyethylene sheet (6), and a second layer
- the first layer (A) is immersed in water, at a temperature between 5 and 30 ° C, preferably at room temperature, and at atmospheric pressure, for a period of time between 6 and 24 hours, preferably 12 hours, whereby the cellulosic material is separated into two fractions, one corresponding to natural cellulose (4) and another to treated cellulose (5) that separates with the typical appearance of the washed paper.
- the separated polyethylene sheet (6) contains a small part of the treated cellulose fraction (5) adhered on the surface of the polyethylene (6) that can be separated by washing with water, blowing with air, or by erosion with a slightly medium abrasive, such as a sponge, a roller or a scourer, so as not to damage polyethylene.
- the second layer (B) is immersed in an appropriate solution such as an aqueous solution of acetic acid, with a concentration between 3 and 15% by weight.
- the immersion is carried out at a temperature between 5 and 30 ° C, at atmospheric pressure, and for a period of time between 1 and 5 days, depending on the concentration of the acetic acid solution used.
- the concentration of acetic acid is between 4 and 10% by weight
- the immersion is carried out at room temperature and lasts about 3 days.
- the recovered materials (aluminum, cellulose and polyethylene) according to the method of this invention can be recycled and reused, for example, in the manufacture of new pack-type containers.
- the method object of this invention an integral recovery and complete recycling of all the materials of interest contained in the treated waste is achieved. Specifically, the recovery of aluminum and polyethylene is practically quantitative as well as the recovery of natural cellulose, while the losses in treated cellulose due to the immersion of said first layer in water are of the order of 2% by weight with respect to that contained. initially in the container.
- the method object of this invention can be carried out continuously or discontinuously.
- An additional advantage of the method object of this invention lies in the possibility of developing it in a modular way, that is, by performing only the necessary treatments to recover one or two of said materials of interest, that is, performing the treatments conducive well to recovery. of cellulosic material, or to the recovery of aluminum or polyethylene sheets.
- the following example serves to illustrate a particular way of performing the method of the invention and should not be considered as limiting the scope thereof.
- EXAMPLE 1 Some 1-liter pack-type containers were washed with water, crushed, the ends were cut and opened by a cut on one side, so that they extended over their entire length.
- washed and cut containers were subjected to a dry exfoliation process, pulling through a corner and separating the material from the package into two layers, a first layer containing the cellulosic material and the outer coating polyethylene sheet, and a second layer containing the rest of the polyethylene sheets and the aluminum sheet.
- the first layer is immersed in water at room temperature (22 ° C), and atmospheric pressure, for 12 hours, which separates the polyethylene sheet from the cellulosic material consisting of two fractions, the one corresponding to natural cellulose, which it presents the characteristic color and texture of natural cellulose, and that corresponding to the treated cellulose that separates with the typical appearance of the washed paper.
- the separated polyethylene sheet contains about 2% by weight of the treated cellulose adhered on its surface.
- the second layer is immersed in an acid solution 6% acetic by weight, at room temperature (22 ° C), and atmospheric pressure for 3 days. After that time, the polyethylene sheets and the aluminum sheet can be easily separated by exfoliation. After the method, a practically quantitative recovery of aluminum, polyethylene and structural cellulose is observed, while the percentage of treated cellulose recovered was approximately 98% by weight because about 2% remained adhered to the external polyethylene sheet .
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The process comprises: a) dry separation of the material forming the package into two layers: (i) a first layer (A) which comprises the natural cellulose layer (4), the processed cellulose layer (5) and a sheet of polyethylene (6); and (ii) a second layer (B) which comprises the remainder of the polyethylene sheets (2, 3) and the aluminium sheet (1); b) immersing said first layer (A) into water and separating the cellulose layer (4, 5) from the polyethylene sheets (6); c) immersing said second layer (B) into a solution which is appropriate for the separation of the aluminium sheet (1) from the polyethylene sheets (2, 3), without attacking the aluminium nor the polyethelne; and (d) separating the aluminium sheet (1) from the polyethylene sheets (2, 3). Said process provides for a complete recycling of materials of interest contained in process residues and waste materials.
Description
MÉTODO PARA LA RECUPERACIÓN DE ALUMINIO, CELULOSA Y POLIETILENO A PARTIR DE RESIDUOS DE ENVASES DE TIPO PACKMETHOD FOR RECOVERY OF ALUMINUM, CELLULOSE AND POLYETHYLENE FROM WASTE OF PACK TYPE CONTAINERS
CAMPO DE LA INVENCIÓN Esta invención se refiere a un método para la recuperación integral de aluminio, celulosa y polietileno a partir de residuos de envases de tipo pack:.FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to a method for the integral recovery of aluminum, cellulose and polyethylene from packaging waste:
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN Una de las formas más habituales de envasar productos, en particular productos alimenticios, comprende el empleo de envases de tipo pack:. Este tipo de envases se elabora a partir de un material compuesto por láminas de materiales celulósicos, aluminio y polímeros, generalmente polietileno de baja densidad. Este material, por sus características de higiene e impermeabilidad, es muy adecuado para fabricar envases destinados a contener productos alimenticios.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION One of the most common ways of packaging products, in particular food products, includes the use of pack-type packages :. This type of packaging is made from a material composed of sheets of cellulosic materials, aluminum and polymers, generally low density polyethylene. This material, due to its hygiene and impermeability characteristics, is very suitable for manufacturing containers intended to contain food products.
Estos envases se fabrican en cantidades muy elevadas, por lo que se genera una gran cantidad de residuos que deben ser tratados apropiadamente. Los tratamientos habituales de este tipo de residuos incluyen su almacenamiento en vertederos controlados o su empleo como combustible debido a su poder calorífico. Ninguno de estos tratamientos proporciona una solución definitiva al problema ocasionado por estos residuos ni un aprovechamiento de los valiosos materiales (aluminio, celulosa y polietileno) contenidos en tales residuos.These containers are manufactured in very high quantities, so a large amount of waste is generated that must be treated properly. The usual treatments for this type of waste include its storage in controlled landfills or its use as fuel due to its calorific value. None of these treatments provide a definitive solution to the problem caused by these wastes or a use of the valuable materials (aluminum, cellulose and polyethylene) contained in such wastes.
Se han desarrollado distintos métodos para intentar recuperar y aprovechar todos o alguno de dichos materiales. Asi, se conoce un método para recuperar el material celulósico contenido en residuos de envases de tipo pack: que comprende el tratamiento de dichos residuos con agua caliente, con lo que el cartón del envase se reblandece y se obtiene una mezcla de fibras de celulosa que se pueden separar del baño de agua, recuperar y reutilizar. Un método habitual para recuperar aluminio comprende el
tratamiento térmico del residuo, aunque este método ocasiona la descomposición del material polimérico y la generación de gases que deben ser tratados o reciclados para su combustión. La patente europea EP 543302 describe un método para separar láminas de aluminio de láminas de polietileno que comprende calentar la lámina compuesta por láminas de aluminio y de polietileno, con ácido acético a una concentración de al menos 20%, a una temperatura comprendida entre 100 y 122°C, enfriar la mezcla a presión sub-atmosférica y separar las láminas de aluminio de las de polietileno. Este método requiere el empleo de ácido acético concentrado y el aporte de calor, lo que reduce el balance económico global del proceso.Different methods have been developed to try to recover and take advantage of all or some of these materials. Thus, a method is known for recovering the cellulosic material contained in pack-type packaging waste: comprising the treatment of said waste with hot water, whereby the carton of the package is softened and a mixture of cellulose fibers is obtained which They can be separated from the water bath, recovered and reused. A common method of recovering aluminum comprises the thermal treatment of the waste, although this method causes the decomposition of the polymeric material and the generation of gases that must be treated or recycled for combustion. European Patent EP 543302 describes a method for separating aluminum sheets from polyethylene sheets comprising heating the sheet composed of aluminum and polyethylene sheets, with acetic acid at a concentration of at least 20%, at a temperature between 100 and 122 ° C, cool the mixture to sub-atmospheric pressure and separate the aluminum sheets from the polyethylene ones. This method requires the use of concentrated acetic acid and heat input, which reduces the overall economic balance of the process.
La solicitud de patente española n° P9302228 describe un procedimiento para la recuperación de polietileno y aluminio que comprende la extracción en caliente del polietileno y la separación en caliente del aluminio. Este procedimiento utiliza disolventes orgánicos, lo que obliga a su eliminación o a su recuperación, asi como un aporte de calor, todo lo cual reduce el balance económico del proceso. Como puede apreciarse, ninguno de los métodos conocidos proporciona una recuperación de todos los materiales de interés contenidos en los residuos de envases de tipo pack. Por lo tanto, un objetivo de la presente invención es facilitar un método eficaz para la recuperación integral del aluminio, el polietileno y el material celulósico contenido en los residuos de envases de tipo pack. La recuperación de estos materiales valiosos permite mejorar el balance económico del proceso .Spanish patent application No. P9302228 describes a process for the recovery of polyethylene and aluminum comprising hot extraction of polyethylene and hot separation of aluminum. This procedure uses organic solvents, which requires its elimination or recovery, as well as a contribution of heat, all of which reduces the economic balance of the process. As can be seen, none of the known methods provides a recovery of all the materials of interest contained in the packaging waste packaging. Therefore, an objective of the present invention is to provide an effective method for the integral recovery of aluminum, polyethylene and cellulosic material contained in packaging waste packaging. The recovery of these valuable materials improves the economic balance of the process.
Por otra parte, los métodos conocidos para recuperar el aluminio y el polietileno de este tipo de residuos adolecen de una serie de inconvenientes (descomposición de material polimérico, generación de gases, consumo energético, empleo de disolventes orgánicos) . Por consiguiente, un segundo objetivo de esta invención lo constituye un método para la recuperación de aluminio y polietileno de residuos de envases de tipo pack
que superen los inconvenientes anteriormente señalados.On the other hand, the known methods for recovering aluminum and polyethylene from this type of waste suffer from a series of drawbacks (decomposition of polymeric material, gas generation, energy consumption, use of organic solvents). Therefore, a second objective of this invention is a method for the recovery of aluminum and polyethylene from pack-type packaging waste. that overcome the above mentioned inconveniences.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURASBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
La Figura 1 muestra una sección transversal de un material característico utilizado en la fabricación de envases de tipo pack, en donde se muestran, ampliadas, las distintas capas y materiales constituyentes.Figure 1 shows a cross section of a characteristic material used in the manufacture of pack-type containers, where the different constituent layers and materials are shown, enlarged.
DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DE LA INVENCIÓN La invención proporciona un método para la recuperación integral de aluminio, celulosa y polietileno a partir de residuos de envases de tipo pack que comprende las etapas de: a) separar, en seco, el material constitutivo del envase en dos capas, una primera capa que comprende el material celulósico y una lámina de polietileno, y una segunda capa que comprende el resto de las láminas de polietileno y la lámina de aluminio; b) sumergir dicha primera capa en agua y separar el material celulósico de la lámina de polietileno; c) sumergir dicha segunda capa en una solución adecuada para la separación de la lámina de aluminio de las láminas de polietileno y que no ataque ni al aluminio ni al polietileno; y d) separar la lámina de aluminio de las láminas de polietileno.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention provides a method for the integral recovery of aluminum, cellulose and polyethylene from pack-type packaging waste comprising the steps of: a) dry separating the constituent material of the package in two layers , a first layer comprising the cellulosic material and a polyethylene sheet, and a second layer comprising the rest of the polyethylene sheets and the aluminum sheet; b) immersing said first layer in water and separating the cellulosic material from the polyethylene sheet; c) immersing said second layer in a solution suitable for separating the aluminum foil from the polyethylene sheets and which does not attack either the aluminum or the polyethylene; and d) separating the aluminum sheet from the polyethylene sheets.
El método es adecuado para el tratamiento de residuos de envases de tipo pack. Este tipo de envases se elabora a partir de un material que comprende una lámina compuesta formada por una lámina de aluminio rodeada por una o dos láminas de polietileno, un material celulósico y una lámina adicional de polietileno sobre la superficie del material celulósico. El material celulósico comprende, en general, dos tipos distintos de celulosa, uno que ejerce una función estructural, formado por celulosa natural o cartón, en adelante "celulosa natural" y un segundo tipo destinado a contener la información sobre el
producto envasado, formado por una celulosa decolorada, en adelante "celulosa tratada".The method is suitable for the treatment of pack packaging waste. This type of packaging is made from a material comprising a composite sheet formed by an aluminum sheet surrounded by one or two sheets of polyethylene, a cellulosic material and an additional sheet of polyethylene on the surface of the cellulosic material. The cellulosic material comprises, in general, two different types of cellulose, one that exerts a structural function, formed by natural cellulose or cardboard, hereinafter "natural cellulose" and a second type intended to contain information on the packaged product, formed by a discolored cellulose, hereinafter "treated cellulose".
Los residuos a tratar, antes de ser sometidos al método de la invención, pueden ser, opcionalmente, lavados con agua, con el fin de retirar la mayor parte de las impurezas ajenas al residuo.The waste to be treated, before being subjected to the method of the invention, can optionally be washed with water, in order to remove most of the impurities outside the residue.
Para la realización del método de esta invención, los residuos de los envases a tratar se cortan por los extremos y/o por los laterales con el fin de abrir el envase en toda su longitud o en fragmentos más pequeños.For the realization of the method of this invention, the residues of the packages to be treated are cut by the ends and / or by the sides in order to open the container in its entire length or in smaller fragments.
La separación del material constitutivo del envase en dos capas se realiza en seco, tirando y exfoliando por ejemplo, por uno de los extremos, esquinas o laterales de la lámina del material a tratar, con lo que se separa una primera capa que comprende el material celulósico y la lámina de polietileno de recubrimiento externo, y una segunda capa que comprende el resto de las láminas de polietileno y la lámina de aluminio.The separation of the constituent material of the package into two layers is carried out dry, pulling and exfoliating for example, by one of the ends, corners or sides of the sheet of the material to be treated, whereby a first layer comprising the material is separated cellulosic and the outer coating polyethylene sheet, and a second layer comprising the rest of the polyethylene sheets and the aluminum sheet.
La primera capa se sumerge en agua, a una temperatura comprendida entre 5 y 30°C, y a presión atmosférica, durante un periodo de tiempo comprendido entre 6 y 24 horas, con lo que se separa el material celulósico de la lámina de polietileno. Mediante este tratamiento, el material celulósico se separa en dos fracciones, una correspondiente a la celulosa estructural que se separa con una textura y apariencia propia del material estructural, y otra fracción correspondiente a la celulosa tratada que se separa con el aspecto típico del papel lavado. La lámina de polietileno separada contiene una pequeña parte de la fracción de celulosa tratada adherida sobre la superficie del polietileno, normalmente inferior al 2% en peso respecto al total de celulosa tratada inicial. Esta celulosa tratada adherida sobre el polietileno se puede separar por lavado, soplado o erosión con un medio ligeramente abrasivo para no dañar el polietileno. Aunque no se desea estar vinculado por ninguna teoría se cree que la separación entre el material celulósico y el polietileno se produce debido a
una hidratación del material celulósico que pierde de ese modo su capacidad de adhesión al polietileno.The first layer is immersed in water, at a temperature between 5 and 30 ° C, and at atmospheric pressure, for a period of time between 6 and 24 hours, thereby separating the cellulosic material from the polyethylene sheet. Through this treatment, the cellulosic material is separated into two fractions, one corresponding to the structural cellulose that separates with a texture and appearance of the structural material, and another fraction corresponding to the treated cellulose that separates with the typical appearance of the washed paper . The separated polyethylene sheet contains a small part of the treated cellulose fraction adhered on the surface of the polyethylene, usually less than 2% by weight with respect to the total initial treated cellulose. This treated cellulose adhered to the polyethylene can be separated by washing, blowing or erosion with a slightly abrasive medium so as not to damage the polyethylene. Although it is not desired to be bound by any theory it is believed that the separation between cellulosic material and polyethylene occurs due to a hydration of the cellulosic material that thereby loses its ability to adhere to polyethylene.
La segunda capa se sumerge en una solución adecuada para separar el aluminio de las láminas de polietileno que no ataque ni al aluminio ni al polietileno. Un ejemplo de dicha solución es una solución acuosa de ácido acético, con una concentración comprendida entre el 3 y el 15% en peso. La inmersión de la segunda capa en dicha solución se efectúa a una temperatura comprendida entre 5 y 30°C, a presión atmosférica, y durante un periodo de tiempo comprendido entre 1 y 5 dias, dependiendo de la concentración de la solución del ácido acético utilizado. Mediante este tratamiento, la lámina de aluminio se puede separar fácilmente de las láminas de polietileno por simple exfoliación. Aunque no se desea estar vinculado por ninguna teoria se cree que el ácido acético provoca la solubilización del ligante existente entre la lámina de aluminio y las láminas de polietileno, con lo que se separan dichas láminas.The second layer is immersed in a solution suitable for separating aluminum from polyethylene sheets that does not attack either aluminum or polyethylene. An example of such a solution is an aqueous solution of acetic acid, with a concentration between 3 and 15% by weight. Immersion of the second layer in said solution is carried out at a temperature between 5 and 30 ° C, at atmospheric pressure, and for a period of time between 1 and 5 days, depending on the concentration of the acetic acid solution used . Through this treatment, the aluminum foil can be easily separated from the polyethylene sheets by simple exfoliation. Although it is not desired to be bound by any theory, it is believed that acetic acid causes solubilization of the binder between the aluminum sheet and the polyethylene sheets, thereby separating said sheets.
La invención se describirá a continuación, de forma más detallada, haciendo referencia a la Figura que acompaña a esta descripción.The invention will be described in more detail below, with reference to the Figure accompanying this description.
En la Figura 1 se muestra una sección transversal de un material característico utilizado en la fabricación de envases de tipo pack que comprende una lámina de aluminio (1) rodeada por dos láminas de polietileno (2) y (3) que pueden ser iguales o diferentes. En contacto con la lámina de polietileno (3) se encuentra una capa de celulosa natural (4), que ejerce una función estructural, y una capa de una celulosa tratada (5), por ejemplo, decolorada por tratamiento con hipoclorito calcico, destinada a contener la información sobre el producto envasado. Las capas (4) y (5) constituyen la capa de material celulósico. Finalmente, el material contiene una lámina de polietileno (6), que puede ser igual o diferente a las láminas de polietileno (2) y (3) . El método para recuperar aluminio, celulosa y polietileno
a partir de residuos de envases de tipo pack formados con un material como el mostrado en la Figura 1 comprende: a) separar, en seco, el material constitutivo del envase en dos capas: - una primera capa (A) que comprende la capa de celulosa natural (4), la capa de celulosa tratada (5), es decir, el material celulósico, y una lámina de polietileno (6), yFigure 1 shows a cross section of a characteristic material used in the manufacture of pack-type containers comprising an aluminum foil (1) surrounded by two sheets of polyethylene (2) and (3) that can be the same or different . In contact with the polyethylene sheet (3) is a layer of natural cellulose (4), which exerts a structural function, and a layer of a treated cellulose (5), for example, discolored by treatment with calcium hypochlorite, intended for Contain the information on the packaged product. Layers (4) and (5) constitute the layer of cellulosic material. Finally, the material contains a polyethylene sheet (6), which can be the same or different from the polyethylene sheets (2) and (3). The method to recover aluminum, cellulose and polyethylene From pack type packaging waste formed with a material such as that shown in Figure 1, it comprises: a) dry separating the constituent material from the package in two layers: - a first layer (A) comprising the layer of natural cellulose (4), the treated cellulose layer (5), that is, the cellulosic material, and a polyethylene sheet (6), and
- una segunda capa (B) que comprende el resto de las láminas de polietileno (2) y (3) y la lámina de aluminio (1); b) sumergir dicha primera capa (A) en agua y separar las capas de celulosa (4) y (5) de la lámina de polietileno (6); c) sumergir dicha segunda capa (B) en una solución adecuada para la separación de la lámina de aluminio (1) de las láminas de polietileno (2) y (3) y que no ataque ni al aluminio ni al polietileno; y d) separar la lámina de aluminio (1) de las láminas de polietileno (2) y (3) .- a second layer (B) comprising the rest of the polyethylene sheets (2) and (3) and the aluminum sheet (1); b) immerse said first layer (A) in water and separate the cellulose layers (4) and (5) from the polyethylene sheet (6); c) immersing said second layer (B) in a solution suitable for separating the aluminum sheet (1) from the polyethylene sheets (2) and (3) and not attacking either the aluminum or the polyethylene; and d) separating the aluminum sheet (1) from the polyethylene sheets (2) and (3).
Los residuos de los envases a tratar se someten a un lavado previo con agua, si se desea, y posteriormente, se cortan por los extremos y/o por los laterales con el fin de abrir el envase en toda su longitud o en fragmentos más pequeños .The residues of the containers to be treated are subjected to a previous wash with water, if desired, and subsequently, they are cut by the ends and / or by the sides in order to open the container in its entire length or in smaller fragments .
La separación del material constitutivo del envase en dos capas se realiza en seco, tirando y exfoliando por uno de los extremos, esquinas o laterales de la lámina del material a tratar, con lo que se separa una primera capa (A) que comprende el material celulósico (4) y (5) y la lámina de polietileno (6) de recubrimiento externo, y una segunda capaThe separation of the constituent material of the container into two layers is carried out dry, pulling and exfoliating at one of the ends, corners or sides of the sheet of the material to be treated, thereby separating a first layer (A) comprising the material cellulosic (4) and (5) and the outer coating polyethylene sheet (6), and a second layer
(B) que comprende el resto de las láminas de polietileno (2), (3) y la lámina de aluminio (1).(B) comprising the rest of the polyethylene sheets (2), (3) and the aluminum sheet (1).
La primera capa (A) se sumerge en agua, a una temperatura comprendida entre 5 y 30°C, preferentemente a temperatura ambiente, y a presión atmosférica, durante un periodo de tiempo comprendido entre 6 y 24 horas, preferentemente 12 horas, con lo que se separa el material celulósico en dos
fracciones, una correspondiente a la celulosa natural (4) y otra a la celulosa tratada (5) que se separa con el aspecto típico del papel lavado. La lámina de polietileno (6) separada contiene una pequeña parte de la fracción de celulosa tratada (5) adherida sobre la superficie del polietileno (6) que se puede separar por lavado con agua, soplado con aire, o por erosión con un medio ligeramente abrasivo, tal como una esponja, un rodillo o un estropajo, para no dañar el polietileno . La segunda capa (B) se sumerge en una solución apropiada tal como una solución acuosa de ácido acético, con una concentración comprendida entre el 3 y el 15% en peso. La inmersión se efectúa a una temperatura comprendida entre 5 y 30°C, a presión atmosférica, y durante un periodo de tiempo comprendido entre 1 y 5 dias, dependiendo de la concentración de la solución del ácido acético utilizado. En una realización particular, la concentración del ácido acético está comprendida entre el 4 y el 10% en peso, la inmersión se realiza a temperatura ambiente y dura unos 3 dias aproximadamente. Mediante este tratamiento, la lámina de aluminio (1) se puede separar fácilmente de las láminas de polietileno (2) y (3) por simple exfoliación.The first layer (A) is immersed in water, at a temperature between 5 and 30 ° C, preferably at room temperature, and at atmospheric pressure, for a period of time between 6 and 24 hours, preferably 12 hours, whereby the cellulosic material is separated into two fractions, one corresponding to natural cellulose (4) and another to treated cellulose (5) that separates with the typical appearance of the washed paper. The separated polyethylene sheet (6) contains a small part of the treated cellulose fraction (5) adhered on the surface of the polyethylene (6) that can be separated by washing with water, blowing with air, or by erosion with a slightly medium abrasive, such as a sponge, a roller or a scourer, so as not to damage polyethylene. The second layer (B) is immersed in an appropriate solution such as an aqueous solution of acetic acid, with a concentration between 3 and 15% by weight. The immersion is carried out at a temperature between 5 and 30 ° C, at atmospheric pressure, and for a period of time between 1 and 5 days, depending on the concentration of the acetic acid solution used. In a particular embodiment, the concentration of acetic acid is between 4 and 10% by weight, the immersion is carried out at room temperature and lasts about 3 days. By this treatment, the aluminum sheet (1) can be easily separated from the polyethylene sheets (2) and (3) by simple exfoliation.
Los materiales recuperados (aluminio, celulosa y polietileno) según el método de esta invención pueden ser reciclados y reutilizados, por ejemplo, en la fabricación de nuevos envases de tipo pack.The recovered materials (aluminum, cellulose and polyethylene) according to the method of this invention can be recycled and reused, for example, in the manufacture of new pack-type containers.
Mediante el método objeto de esta invención se consigue una recuperación integral y un reciclado completo de todos los materiales de interés contenidos en los residuos tratados. En concreto, la recuperación de aluminio y de polietileno es prácticamente cuantitativa asi como la recuperación de celulosa natural, mientras que las pérdidas en celulosa tratada debido a la inmersión de dicha primera capa en agua son del orden del 2% en peso respecto a la contenida inicialmente en el envase.
El método objeto de esta invención puede realizarse de forma continua o discontinua.Through the method object of this invention, an integral recovery and complete recycling of all the materials of interest contained in the treated waste is achieved. Specifically, the recovery of aluminum and polyethylene is practically quantitative as well as the recovery of natural cellulose, while the losses in treated cellulose due to the immersion of said first layer in water are of the order of 2% by weight with respect to that contained. initially in the container. The method object of this invention can be carried out continuously or discontinuously.
Una ventaja adicional del método objeto de esta invención radica en la posibilidad de desarrollarlo de forma modular, es decir, efectuando tan solo los tratamientos necesarios para recuperar uno o dos de dichos materiales de interés, esto es, realizando los tratamientos conducentes bien a la recuperación del material celulósico, o bien a la recuperación de las láminas de aluminio o de polietileno. El siguiente ejemplo sirve para ilustrar una forma particular de realizar el método de la invención y no debe ser considerado como limitativo del alcance de la misma.An additional advantage of the method object of this invention lies in the possibility of developing it in a modular way, that is, by performing only the necessary treatments to recover one or two of said materials of interest, that is, performing the treatments conducive well to recovery. of cellulosic material, or to the recovery of aluminum or polyethylene sheets. The following example serves to illustrate a particular way of performing the method of the invention and should not be considered as limiting the scope thereof.
EJEMPLO 1 Unos envases de tipo pack de 1 litro de volumen se lavaron con agua, se aplastaron, se cortaron los extremos y se abrieron mediante un corte por un lateral, de forma que se extendieran en toda su longitud.EXAMPLE 1 Some 1-liter pack-type containers were washed with water, crushed, the ends were cut and opened by a cut on one side, so that they extended over their entire length.
A continuación, los envases lavados y cortados, se sometieron a un proceso de exfoliación en seco, tirando por una esquina y separando el material del envase en dos capas, una primera capa que contiene el material celulósico y la lámina de polietileno de recubrimiento externo, y una segunda capa que contiene el resto de las láminas de polietileno y la lámina de aluminio.Next, the washed and cut containers were subjected to a dry exfoliation process, pulling through a corner and separating the material from the package into two layers, a first layer containing the cellulosic material and the outer coating polyethylene sheet, and a second layer containing the rest of the polyethylene sheets and the aluminum sheet.
La primera capa se sumerge en agua a temperatura ambiente (22°C) , y presión atmosférica, durante 12 horas, con lo que se separa la lámina de polietileno del material celulósico que consta de dos fracciones, la correspondiente a la celulosa natural, que presenta el color y la textura característicos de la celulosa natural, y la correspondiente a la celulosa tratada que se separa con el aspecto tipico del papel lavado. La lámina de polietileno separada contiene cerca de un 2% en peso de la celulosa tratada adherida sobre su superficie. La segunda capa se sumerge en una solución de ácido
acético al 6% en peso, a temperatura ambiente (22°C), y presión atmosférica durante 3 dias. Al cabo de ese tiempo, las láminas de polietileno y la lámina de aluminio se pueden separar fácilmente por exfoliación. Finalizado el método se observa una recuperación prácticamente cuantitativa del aluminio, el polietileno y la celulosa estructural, mientras que el porcentaje de celulosa tratada recuperada fue del 98% en peso aproximadamente debido a que cerca del 2% se quedó adherido a la lámina de polietileno externa.
The first layer is immersed in water at room temperature (22 ° C), and atmospheric pressure, for 12 hours, which separates the polyethylene sheet from the cellulosic material consisting of two fractions, the one corresponding to natural cellulose, which it presents the characteristic color and texture of natural cellulose, and that corresponding to the treated cellulose that separates with the typical appearance of the washed paper. The separated polyethylene sheet contains about 2% by weight of the treated cellulose adhered on its surface. The second layer is immersed in an acid solution 6% acetic by weight, at room temperature (22 ° C), and atmospheric pressure for 3 days. After that time, the polyethylene sheets and the aluminum sheet can be easily separated by exfoliation. After the method, a practically quantitative recovery of aluminum, polyethylene and structural cellulose is observed, while the percentage of treated cellulose recovered was approximately 98% by weight because about 2% remained adhered to the external polyethylene sheet .
Claims
1. Un método para la recuperación integral de aluminio, celulosa y polietileno a partir de residuos de envases de tipo pack que comprende las etapas de: a) separar, en seco, el material constitutivo del envase en dos capas, una primera capa que comprende el material celulósico y una lámina de polietileno, y una segunda capa que comprende el resto de las láminas de polietileno y la lámina de aluminio; b) sumergir dicha primera capa en agua y separar el material celulósico de la lámina de polietileno; c) sumergir dicha segunda capa en una solución adecuada para la separación de la lámina de aluminio de las láminas de polietileno y que no ataque ni al aluminio ni al polietileno; y d) separar la lámina de aluminio de las láminas de polietileno.1. A method for the integral recovery of aluminum, cellulose and polyethylene from pack-type packaging waste comprising the steps of: a) dry separating the constituent material from the package in two layers, a first layer comprising the cellulosic material and a polyethylene sheet, and a second layer comprising the rest of the polyethylene sheets and the aluminum sheet; b) immersing said first layer in water and separating the cellulosic material from the polyethylene sheet; c) immersing said second layer in a solution suitable for separating the aluminum foil from the polyethylene sheets and which does not attack either the aluminum or the polyethylene; and d) separating the aluminum sheet from the polyethylene sheets.
2. Un método según la reivindicación 1, en el que dichos envases de tipo pack se elaboran a partir de un material que comprende una lámina compuesta formada por una lámina de aluminio rodeada por una o dos láminas de polietileno, un material celulósico y una lámina adicional de polietileno sobre la superficie del material celulósico.2. A method according to claim 1, wherein said pack-type containers are made from a material comprising a composite sheet formed of an aluminum sheet surrounded by one or two sheets of polyethylene, a cellulosic material and a sheet additional polyethylene on the surface of the cellulosic material.
3. Un método según la reivindicación 2, en el que dicho material celulósico comprende una celulosa natural, que ejerce una función estructural, y una celulosa tratada, destinada a contener la información sobre el producto envasado.3. A method according to claim 2, wherein said cellulosic material comprises a natural cellulose, which exerts a structural function, and a treated cellulose, intended to contain information about the packaged product.
4. Un método según la reivindicación 1, en el que los residuos a tratar se someten a un lavado previo con agua antes de efectuar la etapa a) .
4. A method according to claim 1, wherein the waste to be treated is pre-washed with water before carrying out step a).
5. Un método según la reivindicación 1, en el que los residuos a tratar se cortan por los extremos y/o por los laterales con el fin de abrir el envase en toda su longitud o en fragmentos más pequeños.5. A method according to claim 1, wherein the waste to be treated is cut at the ends and / or the sides in order to open the container in its entire length or in smaller fragments.
6. Un método según la reivindicación 1, en el que la separación del material constitutivo del envase en dos capas se realiza en seco, exfoliando por uno de los extremos, esquinas o laterales del envase a tratar.6. A method according to claim 1, wherein the separation of the constituent material of the package into two layers is carried out dry, exfoliating at one of the ends, corners or sides of the package to be treated.
7. Un método según la reivindicación 1, en el que dicha primera capa se sumerge en agua a una temperatura comprendida entre 5 y 30°C.7. A method according to claim 1, wherein said first layer is immersed in water at a temperature between 5 and 30 ° C.
8. Un método según la reivindicación 7, en el que dicha primera capa se sumerge en agua a temperatura ambiente.8. A method according to claim 7, wherein said first layer is immersed in water at room temperature.
9. Un método según la reivindicación 1, en el que dicha primera capa se sumerge en agua a presión atmosférica.9. A method according to claim 1, wherein said first layer is immersed in water at atmospheric pressure.
10. Un método según la reivindicación 1, en el que dicha primera capa se sumerge en agua durante un periodo de tiempo comprendido entre 6 y 24 horas.10. A method according to claim 1, wherein said first layer is immersed in water for a period of time between 6 and 24 hours.
11. Un método según la reivindicación 10, en el que dicha primera capa se sumerge en agua durante 12 horas.11. A method according to claim 10, wherein said first layer is immersed in water for 12 hours.
12. Un método según la reivindicación 1, en el que dicha segunda capa se sumerge en una solución de ácido acético con una concentración comprendida entre el 3 y el 15% en peso.12. A method according to claim 1, wherein said second layer is immersed in a solution of acetic acid with a concentration between 3 and 15% by weight.
13. Un método según la reivindicación 12, en el que dicha segunda capa se sumerge en una solución de ácido acético con una concentración comprendida entre el 4 y el 10% en peso.
13. A method according to claim 12, wherein said second layer is immersed in a solution of acetic acid with a concentration between 4 and 10% by weight.
14. Un método según la reivindicación 1, en el que dicha segunda capa se sumerge en una solución de ácido acético a una temperatura comprendida entre 5 y 30°C.14. A method according to claim 1, wherein said second layer is immersed in a solution of acetic acid at a temperature between 5 and 30 ° C.
15. Un método según la reivindicación 14, en el que dicha segunda capa se sumerge en una solución de ácido acético a temperatura ambiente.15. A method according to claim 14, wherein said second layer is immersed in a solution of acetic acid at room temperature.
16. Un método según la reivindicación 1, en el que dicha segunda capa se sumerge en una solución de ácido acético a presión atmosférica.16. A method according to claim 1, wherein said second layer is immersed in an acetic acid solution at atmospheric pressure.
17. Un método según la reivindicación 1, en el que dicha segunda capa se sumerge en una solución de ácido acético durante un periodo de tiempo comprendido entre 1 y 5 dias.17. A method according to claim 1, wherein said second layer is immersed in an acetic acid solution for a period of time between 1 and 5 days.
18. Un método según la reivindicación 17, en el que dicha segunda capa se sumerge en una solución de ácido acético durante 3 dias.
18. A method according to claim 17, wherein said second layer is immersed in a solution of acetic acid for 3 days.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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ES9700824A ES2124189B1 (en) | 1997-04-17 | 1997-04-17 | METHOD FOR THE RECOVERY OF ALUMINUM, CELLULOSE AND POLYETHYLENE FROM WASTE OF PACK TYPE CONTAINERS. |
ESP9700824 | 1997-04-17 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO1998047681A1 true WO1998047681A1 (en) | 1998-10-29 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/ES1998/000093 WO1998047681A1 (en) | 1997-04-17 | 1998-04-15 | Process for the recovery of aluminium, cellulose and polyethylene from pack type package residues and wastes |
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ES (1) | ES2124189B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998047681A1 (en) |
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US11466145B2 (en) | 2017-08-23 | 2022-10-11 | Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. | Cellulose-fiber-dispersing polyolefin resin composite material |
US11597826B2 (en) | 2017-08-23 | 2023-03-07 | Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. | Cellulose-fiber-dispersing polyolefin resin composite material, pellet and formed body using same, and production method for cellulose-fiber-dispersing polyolefin resin composite material |
US11667763B2 (en) | 2017-08-23 | 2023-06-06 | Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. | Cellulose-fiber dispersion polyethylene resin composite material, formed body and pellet using same, production method therefor, and recycling method for cellulose-fiber adhesion polyethylene thin film piece |
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ES2124189A1 (en) | 1999-01-16 |
ES2124189B1 (en) | 1999-11-16 |
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