WO1998046708A1 - Use of surfactants with low molecular weight as agents for improving the filterability in lubricants - Google Patents

Use of surfactants with low molecular weight as agents for improving the filterability in lubricants Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998046708A1
WO1998046708A1 PCT/FR1998/000659 FR9800659W WO9846708A1 WO 1998046708 A1 WO1998046708 A1 WO 1998046708A1 FR 9800659 W FR9800659 W FR 9800659W WO 9846708 A1 WO9846708 A1 WO 9846708A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
filterability
lubricating fluid
improving
carbon atoms
oil
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR1998/000659
Other languages
French (fr)
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WO1998046708B1 (en
Inventor
Olivier Clement
Christophe Le Sausse
Dominique Batelier
Jacques Cazin
Original Assignee
Chevron Chemical S.A.
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Publication date
Application filed by Chevron Chemical S.A. filed Critical Chevron Chemical S.A.
Priority to EP98917285A priority Critical patent/EP0931126A1/en
Priority to JP54354698A priority patent/JP2002501558A/en
Publication of WO1998046708A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998046708A1/en
Publication of WO1998046708B1 publication Critical patent/WO1998046708B1/en
Priority to US09/209,674 priority patent/US20020049144A1/en

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    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M133/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
    • C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
    • C10M2219/106—Thiadiazoles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/042—Metal salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/12—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained by phosphorisation of organic compounds, e.g. with PxSy, PxSyHal or PxOy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2225/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2225/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2225/02—Macromolecular compounds from phosphorus-containg monomers, obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to lubricating fluids having improved filterability characteristics, and effective additives to improve the filterability characteristics of lubricating fluids such as hydraulic oils.
  • the present invention relates more particularly to lubricating fluids and additives comprising an effective amount of a filterability improving agent which comprises at least one polar group and at least one lipophilic chain having 14 to 24 carbon atoms.
  • the inventors have discovered that it is possible to improve the filterability properties of lubricating oils by using filterability improving agents comprising at least one polar group and at least one lipophilic chain having a particular length. More advantageously, when using the compounds described below, the filterability performance is improved but this improvement obtained is generally not detrimental for the main performance criteria and can even have positive effects in certain cases.
  • the present invention relates generally to a lubricating fluid, in particular a hydraulic oil, comprising:
  • Z represents a polar group containing one or more substituents chosen from: a) phosphoric esters; b) amides; c) ethers; d) amino alcohols; e) ethoxylated amines; f) mixtures thereof.
  • the number of these polar group substituents can vary from 1 to 30 but usually a number of 3 to 5 polar substituents is preferred.
  • this chain usually consists of a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl chain having 14 to 24 and preferably 17 to 19 carbon atoms .
  • the hydrocarbyl chain can be straight or branched, although straight chains are usually preferred.
  • this lipophilic chain is preferably unsubstituted, it is possible to incorporate substituents or to insert heteroatoms or various groups in the chain provided that these insertions or substituents have no significant effect on the total polarity of the molecule.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of the agents for improving the filterability described in the present specification for improving the filterability of oils, in particular hydraulic oils.
  • the present invention also relates to a process for the production of a hydraulic fluid with improved filterability, which comprises mixing the following constituents: a) a dominant quantity of an oil of viscosity suitable for lubrication; and b) from 0.03% to 0.06% of a filterability improving agent, corresponding to the following formula
  • RZ wherein Z represents a polar group containing one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of a) phosphoric esters; b) amides; c) ethers; d) amino alcohols; e) ethoxylated amines; f) mixtures thereof, and R represents a lipophilic chain having 14 to 24 carbon atoms.
  • a large group of filterability enhancing agents includes those in which the polar group Z contains one or more constituents selected from: a) phosphoric esters; b) fatty amides; c) polyethers; d) ethoxylated amines; e) their mixtures.
  • Each member of this group can itself form, with the appropriate hydrocarbyl chain, independent subgroups of agents improving filterability falling within the scope of the present invention.
  • a subgroup of specific phosphoric esters includes phosphoric esters corresponding to the following formula: O - X
  • X represents H or R and at least one of the symbols X represents R, and R represents a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl chain which may comprise ether groups.
  • the hydrocarbyl chain has 14 to 24 carbon atoms, advantageously 14 to 24 carbon atoms and preferably 17 to 19 carbon atoms.
  • R represents a group [CH 3 - CH 2 ) n - CH 2 -f O - CH 2 - CH 2 ) - 3 ].
  • An example of such phosphoric esters consists of RHODAFAC PA35 commercially available, supplied by Rhône Poulenc.
  • a subgroup of polyethers comprises compounds corresponding to the formula:
  • R represents a hydrocarbyl chain having 14 to 24 carbon atoms and in which, more advantageously, R represents a group C 5 H 31 , the polar group Z being represented by -0- (CH 2 -CH 2 0) x H.
  • a preferred subgroup of ethoxylated amines includes ethoxylated amines comprising at least two ethoxy groups.
  • a more preferred group includes ethoxylated amines corresponding to the following formula CH 2 CH 2 OH
  • R represents a hydrocarbyl chain having 14 to 24 carbon atoms, and in particular an aliphatic chain C 18 H 35 .
  • a preferred subgroup of unsubstituted fatty amides comprises compounds of the following formula:
  • R represents a hydrocarbyl chain having 14 to 24 carbon atoms and preferably 17 to 19 carbon atoms.
  • the concentration of the filterability improving agents described above must be adjusted so that the desired effect (improvement in the filterability characteristics of the oil) is obtained without being detrimental to the other performances resulting from the action of other additives which may be present in the oil composition. More particularly, it is considered that excessive concentrations of the compounds used in the context of the present invention may have harmful effects, in particular on the oxidation stability, the thermal stability and the hydrolysis stability of the oil. finished. For example, it turns out that high concentrations have negative effects on tests such as ASTM-D4310, ASTM-D943 and ASTM-D2619.
  • the polar substituents of the agents improving the filterability have an effect. preferential dispersant on solid particles, which makes it possible to avoid the formation of aggregates of certain dimensions and, consequently, clogging of the filters. It also appears that the polar substituents of the filterability enhancing agents of the present invention exhibit some type of inhibition of the adverse effects of viscosity index improving agents and pour point lowering agents also through preferential interactions with solid particles.
  • Filterability improvers of the present invention are particularly useful for improving the filterability characteristics of lubricating oils and, preferably, hydraulic oils. They are effective regardless of the presence or absence of an agent improving the viscosity index in the oil.
  • the improvement in filterability can be obtained for considerably different viscosity intervals.
  • an improvement in filterability can be obtained for qualities ranging from ISO VG 15 to 150, preferably for qualities ranging from ISO VG 32 to 68.
  • the AFNOR NFE 48691 filterability test comprises the following stages: - formulation of the oil incorporation of 0.2% by weight of water and mixture to form a storage emulsion at 70 ° C. for 72 hours , then storage at room temperature (24 hours) - filtration of 300 ml of the oil on a 0.8 mm Millipore filter at a pressure depending on the filtration speed measurement of the time required to filter 50, 100, 200 and 300 ml oil and calculation of the corresponding IFE values.
  • the filterability indices calculated for the test oils containing filterability improving agents were significantly improved compared to reference formulations which do not include the filterability improving agents and, in fact, are close to the "ideal" filterability index which is equal to 1.
  • the incorporation of low concentrations of the agents improving filterability used in the The present invention in additives generally does not appear to be harmful for other properties such as wear inhibition, oxidation stability or thermal stability or else the hydrolysis performance of hydraulic oils. This was measured using tests such as the FZG seizure test, the Denison and Vickers Vane tests and the piston pump tests and the Cincinnati Milacron thermal stability tests as well as the ASTM D943 and ATMD 4310 oxidation tests. and the ASTM D2619 hydrolysis stability test. As mentioned above, it has also been noted that some of the agents improving filterability can have an advantageous effect on thermal stability and oxidation performance.
  • the basic lubricant can be chosen from hydraulic / transmission fluids, hydraulic fluids for brakes, fluids for power steering and fluids for tractors, the precise composition of which may vary slightly.
  • the lubricating oils of the present invention comprise a dominant amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity.
  • This oil can be any hydrocarbon-based lubricating oil or a synthetic base oil. It can be derived from synthetic or natural sources and it can be a paraffinic, naphthenic or asphalt base oil or consist of a mixture thereof.
  • the oil of lubricating viscosity is prepared from a crude mineral oil by methods physical separation, such as distillation, deasphalting and dewaxing, or it can be prepared by chemical conversion, such as catalytic or non-catalytic hydrotreatment of mineral oil fractions, or by a combination of chemical separation processes and a chemical conversion; or it may consist of a basic synthetic hydrocarbon oil.
  • the oil of viscosity suitable for lubrication has a kinematic viscosity of 5 to 220 cSt at 40 ° C.
  • additives which are well known in the art may be present in the increased filterability hydraulic fluid of the present invention. These additives may include, for example, antioxidants, viscosity index improvers, detergents, rust inhibitors, demulsifiers, foam inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, pour point lowering agents and d other antiwear agents. Examples of these additives are shown below:
  • Antioxidants include sterically hindered alkylphenols such as 2,6-di-tertio-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tertio-butyl-p-cresol and 2,6-di-tertio-butyl-4- ( 2-octyl-3-propanoic) -phenol; N.N-di (alkylphenyl) amines; and alkylated phenylene diamines.
  • alkylphenols such as 2,6-di-tertio-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tertio-butyl-p-cresol and 2,6-di-tertio-butyl-4- ( 2-octyl-3-propanoic) -phenol
  • N.N-di (alkylphenyl) amines alkylated phenylene diamines.
  • Viscosity index improvers include polymeric alkylmethacrylates and olefinic copolymers, such as an ethylene-propylene copolymer or a styrene-butadiene copolymer.
  • Detergents include calcium alkylsalicylates, calcium alkylphenates and calcium alkarylsulfonates.
  • Anti-rust additives include alkenyl succinic agents (short chains), their partial esters and their nitrogen derivatives; and synthetic alkarylsulfonates, such as metallic dinonyinaphthalenesulfonates.
  • Demulsifiers include alkoxylated phenols and phenol-formaldehyde resins as well as synthetic alkylarylsulfonates, such as metallic dinonyinaphthalenesulfonates.
  • Foaming inhibitors include polymers of alkyl methacrylate and polymers of dimethylsilicone.
  • Corrosion inhibitors include 2,5-dimercapto-1, 3,4-thiadiazoles and their derivatives, mercaptobenzothiazoles, alkyltriazoles and benzotriazoles.
  • APEs Pour Point Lowering Agents
  • Antiwear agents zinc alkyldithiophosphates (preferred), aryl phosphates and phosphites, sulphide esters and phosphosulphide compounds, metallic or ashless dithiocarbamates.
  • the hydraulic fluidity with increased filterability of the present invention can be produced by mixing the oil of clean viscosity with the lubrication and the agent improving the filterability together with the other additives described above which may be present in the oil of clean viscosity lubrication.
  • the constituents of this mixture can interact during the mixing operation by modifying the filterability improving agent and / or the other additives.
  • the various preferential conditions indicated above apply both to lubricating fluids and to the process for the production of a hydraulic fluid as well as to the uses according to the present invention.
  • COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE A formulation of basic additives containing functional amounts of zinc dithiophosphate, of a dithiocarbamate without ash, calcium-containing detergent, phenolic antioxidant, anti-rust additives, demulsifiers, foam inhibitor based on silicone polymer, were mixed so that the formulation of basic additives (XOIE 303J) represents 0.80% by weight of the finished oil formulation.
  • the finished oil formulation had a kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C equal to about 46 cSt.
  • COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE A The base additive formulation was mixed in a refined base oil with a solvent "A”, with the addition of an APE additive (of PMA type) at a dose of 0.2% by weight.
  • EXAMPLE 1 An amount of 0.05% by weight of a commercial phosphoric ester "P1" (Rhodafac PA35 from Rhône Poulenc) was added to the finished oil of Comparative Example A.
  • EXAMPLE 2 An amount of 0.05% by weight of a commercial phosphoric ester "P2" (CRODAFOS N3A from Croda) was added to the finished oil of Comparative Example A.
  • EXAMPLE 3 An amount of 0.05% by weight of a commercial phosphoric ester "P3" (CRODAFOS N5A from Croda) was added to the finished oil of Comparative Example A.
  • EXAMPLE 4 An amount of 0.03% by weight of a commercial fatty amide “OL” (CRODAMIDE O from Croda or Armeed O from Akzo) was added to the finished oil of Comparative Example A.
  • COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE B The formulation of base additives was mixed in a refined base oil with a solvent "B”, with the addition of an APE additive (of PMA type) at a dose of 0.2% by weight.
  • EXAMPLE 5 An amount of 0.05% by weight of a commercial phosphoric ester "P1" (Rhodafac P PA35 from Rhône Poulenc was added to the finished oil of Comparative Example B.
  • EXAMPLE 6 An amount of 0.05% by weight of a commercial phosphoric ester "P2" (CRODAFOS N3A from Croda) was added to the finished oil of Comparative Example B.
  • EXAMPLE 7 An amount of 0.05% by weight of a commercial phosphoric ester "P3" (CRODAFOS N5A from Croda) was added to the finished oil of Comparative Example B.
  • EXAMPLE 8 An amount of 0.03% by weight of a commercial fatty amide "OL” (CRODAMIDE O from Croda or Armeed O from Akzo) was added to the finished oil of Comparative Example B.
  • COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE C The formulation of base additives was mixed in a refined base oil with a solvent "C", with the addition of an APE additive (of PMA type) at a dose of 0.2% by weight and addition of an AIV additive (PMA type) at a dose of 4.65% by weight.
  • EXAMPLE 9 An amount of 0.05% by weight of a commercial phosphoric ester "P1" (Rhodafac PA 35 from Rhône Poulenc) was added to the finished oil of Comparative Example C.
  • EXAMPLE 10 An amount of 0.05% by weight of a commercial phosphoric ester "P2” (CRODAFOS N3A from Croda) was added to the finished oil of Comparative Example C.
  • EXAMPLE 11 An amount of 0.05% by weight of a commercial phosphoric ester "P3" (CRODAFOS N5A from Croda) was added to the finished oil of Comparative Example C.
  • EXAMPLE 12 An amount of 0.03% by weight of a commercial fatty amide "OL” (CRODAMIDE O from Croda or Armeed O from Akzo) was added to the finished oil of Comparative Example C.
  • COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE D The formulation of base additives was mixed with a "specialty of base formulation" containing a certain quantity of AIV additive (of PMA type).
  • EXAMPLE 13 An amount of 0.05% by weight of a commercial phosphoric ester "P1" (Rhodafac PA 35 from Rhône Poulenc) was added to the finished oil of Comparative Example D.
  • EXAMPLE 14 An amount of 0.05% by weight of a commercial phosphoric ester "P2" (CRODAFOS N3A from Croda) was added to the finished oil of Comparative Example D.
  • EXAMPLE 15 An amount of 0.05% by weight of a commercial phosphoric ester "P3" (CRODAFOS N5A from Croda) was added to the finished oil of Comparative Example D.
  • EXAMPLE 16 An amount of 0.03% by weight of a commercial fatty amide “OL” (CRODAMIDE O from Croda or Armeed O from Akzo) was added to the finished oil of Comparative Example D.

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a lubricating fluid comprising: 1) a predominant amount of an oil with appropriate lubricating viscosity; and 2) an effective amount of an agent improving the filterability or one of their mixtures, corresponding to the following formula: R-Z, in which Z represents a polar group selected from the group consisting of a) phosphoric esters; b) amides; c) ethers; d) amino-alcohol's; e) ethoxylated amines or f) their mixtures, and R represents a lipophilic chain with 14 to 24 carbon atoms. The invention also concerns the use of the filterability-enhancing agent described above for improving the filterability of hydraulic oils, and a method for preparing hydraulic fluids with improved filterability.

Description

Utilisation de surfactants de bas poids moléculaires comme agents améliorant la filtrabilité dans des lubrifiants hydrauliquesUse of low molecular weight surfactants as agents improving filterability in hydraulic lubricants
Domaine de l'inventionField of the invention
La présente invention a pour objet des fluides lubrifiants présentant des caractéristiques de filtrabilité améliorées, et des additifs efficaces pour améliorer les caractéristiques de filtrabilité de fluides lubrifiants tels que des huiles hydrauliques. La présente invention concerne plus particulièrement des fluides lubrifiants et additifs comprenant une quantité efficace d'un agent améliorant la filtrabilité qui comprend au moins un groupe polaire et au moins une chaîne lipophile ayant 14 à 24 atomes de carbone.The present invention relates to lubricating fluids having improved filterability characteristics, and effective additives to improve the filterability characteristics of lubricating fluids such as hydraulic oils. The present invention relates more particularly to lubricating fluids and additives comprising an effective amount of a filterability improving agent which comprises at least one polar group and at least one lipophilic chain having 14 to 24 carbon atoms.
Arrière-plan technologique La plupart des huiles lubrifiantes utilisées actuellement, telles que des fluides hydrauliques et des fluides similaires, contiennent des additifs qui sont conçus pour conférer des performances optimales en ce qui concerne l'inhibition de l'usure, la protection contre la rouille, le désémulsionnement, la stabilité thermique, la stabilité à l'hydrolyse et la stabilité à l'oxydation, la capacité de libération d'air et l'inhibition du moussage. En outre, les huiles hydrauliques doivent présenter d'extrêmement bonnes propriétés de filtrabilité qui sont mesurées et évaluées en utilisant un certain nombre d'essais de filtrabilité détaillés tels que les essais AFNOR NFE 48690, 48691 et 48693, CETOP RP 124H, DENISON et PALL. Malheureusement, le domaine de la formulation requise pour satisfaire aux critères de performances principaux est souvent antagoniste d'une bonne filtrabilité car, en général, l'utilisation d'additifs est néfaste pour la filtrabilité. Par exemple, l'utilisation d'agents améliorant l'indice de viscosité (AIV) et d'agents abaissant le point d'écoulement (APE) a rendu plus difficile la formulation d'huiles ayant un haut indice de viscosité et/ou de meilleures propriétés aux basses températures.Technological background Most of the lubricating oils currently used, such as hydraulic fluids and similar fluids, contain additives which are designed to give optimum performance with regard to the inhibition of wear, protection against rust. , demulsification, thermal stability, hydrolysis stability and oxidation stability, air release capacity and inhibition of foaming. In addition, hydraulic oils must have extremely good filterability properties which are measured and evaluated using a number of detailed filterability tests such as AFNOR NFE 48690, 48691 and 48693, CETOP RP 124H, DENISON and PALL . Unfortunately, the field of formulation required to meet the main performance criteria is often antagonistic to good filterability because, in general, the use of additives is detrimental to filterability. For example, the use of viscosity index improving agents (VIA) and pour point lowering agents (APE) has made it more difficult to formulation of oils with a high viscosity index and / or better properties at low temperatures.
La filtrabilité d'huiles hydrauliques est actuellement un point technique essentiel car elle constitue un impératif important pour les formulations actuelles et les formulations futures. Effectivement, la plupart des systèmes hydrauliques utilisent des filtres de décontamination. Les contaminants peuvent consister en particules métalliques, poussières, laques, polymères résultant d'une oxydation et de phénomènes de stabilité thermique. En fait, la limitation de la pollution par les huiles hydrauliques est devenue déterminante pour obtenir de bonnes performances en service, comprenant également une inhibition d'usure améliorée par réduction des particules abrasives. En conséquence, la tendance consiste à réduire davantage la porosité des filtres (en ligne) à une valeur d'environ 3 micromètres dans certains cas. En conséquence, des essais de filtrabilité à sec et en milieu humide ont été élaborés pour évaluer, et pour offrir des moyens d'améliorer, les performances de filtrabilité des huiles hydrauliques. Cependant, en raison de la très fine porosité des filtres utilisés dans ces essais sur banc et également en raison de la présence d'eau dans certains de ces modes opératoires, les performances des huiles hydrauliques sont parfois inférieures aux critères acceptables.The filterability of hydraulic oils is currently an essential technical point since it constitutes an important imperative for current formulations and future formulations. Most hydraulic systems do use decontamination filters. Contaminants can consist of metal particles, dust, lacquers, polymers resulting from oxidation and thermal stability phenomena. In fact, the limitation of pollution by hydraulic oils has become decisive for obtaining good performance in service, also including improved wear inhibition by reduction of abrasive particles. As a result, the trend is to further reduce the porosity of the filters (in-line) to around 3 micrometers in some cases. Consequently, dry and wet filterability tests have been developed to assess, and to offer means of improving, the filterability performance of hydraulic oils. However, due to the very fine porosity of the filters used in these bench tests and also due to the presence of water in some of these operating modes, the performance of hydraulic oils is sometimes below acceptable criteria.
La présence d'eau ayant un impact négatif sur les performances de filtrabilité des huiles hydrauliques, la plupart des essais de filtrabilité sur banc utilisés actuellement comportent une période de stockage de l'huile contaminée artificiellement par de l'eau. La présence d'eau pose un problème car l'eau subit une adsorption par les carbonates de calcium et les hydroxydes de calcium faisant partie des sels de calcium détergents qui sont couramment présents dans les additifs hydrauliques. En outre, l'eau interagit avec les ZDDP en libérant du ZnO. Ces interactions conduisent à des dépôts fins qui ont tendance à colmater les filtres.The presence of water having a negative impact on the filterability performance of hydraulic oils, most bench filterability tests currently used include a storage period for the oil artificially contaminated with water. The presence of water poses a problem because the water undergoes adsorption by calcium carbonates and calcium hydroxides which are part of the detergent calcium salts which are commonly present in hydraulic additives. In addition, water interacts with ZDDP by releasing ZnO. These interactions lead to fine deposits which tend to clog the filters.
Diverses technologies ont été exploitées dans le passé pour tenter de résoudre ces problèmes. Les moyens les plus courants connus à ce jour consistent à utiliser des carboxylates métalliques de la manière décrite dans le document GB 2 293 389, à réduire les concentrations de ZDDP d'environ 8 mM/kg d'huile à une valeur égale ou inférieure à environ 4 mM/kg d'huile, ou à formuler les additifs avec des agents particuliers améliorant l'indice de viscosité qui sont moins néfastes pour la filtrabilité.Various technologies have been used in the past to try to solve these problems. The most common means known to date consist in using metal carboxylates as described in document GB 2 293 389, in reducing the concentrations of ZDDP by approximately 8 mM / kg of oil to a value equal to or less than about 4 mM / kg of oil, or to formulate the additives with particular agents improving the viscosity index which are less harmful for the filterability.
Résumé de l'inventionSummary of the invention
Les inventeurs ont découvert qu'il est possible d'améliorer les propriétés de filtrabilité d'huiles lubrifiantes en utilisant des agents améliorant la filtrabilité comprenant au moins un groupe polaire et au moins une chaîne lipophile ayant une longueur particulière. De manière plus intéressante, lors de l'utilisation des composés décrits ci-dessous, les performances de filtrabilité sont améliorées mais cette amélioration obtenue n'est généralement pas néfaste pour les critères de performances principaux et peut même avoir des effets positifs dans certains cas. La présente invention concerne de manière générale un fluide lubrifiant, en particulier une huile hydraulique, comprenant :The inventors have discovered that it is possible to improve the filterability properties of lubricating oils by using filterability improving agents comprising at least one polar group and at least one lipophilic chain having a particular length. More advantageously, when using the compounds described below, the filterability performance is improved but this improvement obtained is generally not detrimental for the main performance criteria and can even have positive effects in certain cases. The present invention relates generally to a lubricating fluid, in particular a hydraulic oil, comprising:
1) une quantité dominante d'une huile de viscosité propre à la lubrification ; et1) a dominant quantity of an oil of viscosity suitable for lubrication; and
2) de 0,03 % à 0,06% d'un agent améliorant la filtrabilité, répondant à la formule suivante :2) from 0.03% to 0.06% of a filterability improving agent, corresponding to the following formula:
R-ZR-Z
dans laquelle Z représente un groupe polaire contenant un ou plusieurs substituants choisis entre : a) des esters phosphoriques ; b) des amides ; c) des éthers ; d) des amino-alcools ; e) des aminés éthoxylees ; f) leurs mélanges.in which Z represents a polar group containing one or more substituents chosen from: a) phosphoric esters; b) amides; c) ethers; d) amino alcohols; e) ethoxylated amines; f) mixtures thereof.
Le nombre de ces substituants formant le groupe polaire peut varier de 1 à 30 mais, habituellement, un nombre de 3 à 5 substituants polaires est préféré. En ce qui concerne la chaîne lipophile R formant l'autre portion de l'agent améliorant la filtrabilité utilisée dans la présente invention, cette chaîne consiste habituellement en une chaîne hydrocarbyle saturée ou insaturée ayant 14 à 24 et de préférence 17 à 19 atomes de carbone. La chaîne hydrocarbyle peut être linéaire ou ramifiée, bien que des chaînes linéaires soient habituellement préférées. Bien que cette chaîne lipophile soit de préférence non substituée, il est possible d'incorporer des substituants ou d'insérer des hétéroatomes ou divers groupes dans la chaîne du moment que ces insertions ou substituants n'ont pas d'effet notable sur la polarité totale de la molécule.The number of these polar group substituents can vary from 1 to 30 but usually a number of 3 to 5 polar substituents is preferred. As regards the lipophilic chain R forming the other portion of the filterability improving agent used in the present invention, this chain usually consists of a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl chain having 14 to 24 and preferably 17 to 19 carbon atoms . The hydrocarbyl chain can be straight or branched, although straight chains are usually preferred. Although this lipophilic chain is preferably unsubstituted, it is possible to incorporate substituents or to insert heteroatoms or various groups in the chain provided that these insertions or substituents have no significant effect on the total polarity of the molecule.
La présente invention concerne également l'utilisation des agents améliorant la filtrabilité décrits dans le présent mémoire pour améliorer la filtrabilité d'huiles, en particulier d'huiles hydrauliques.The present invention also relates to the use of the agents for improving the filterability described in the present specification for improving the filterability of oils, in particular hydraulic oils.
La présente invention concerne également un procédé pour la production d'un fluide hydraulique à filtrabilité améliorée, qui comprend le mélange des constituants suivants : a) une quantité dominante d'une huile de viscosité propre à la lubrification ; et b) de 0,03 % à 0,06% d'un agent améliorant la filtrabilité, répondant à la formule suivanteThe present invention also relates to a process for the production of a hydraulic fluid with improved filterability, which comprises mixing the following constituents: a) a dominant quantity of an oil of viscosity suitable for lubrication; and b) from 0.03% to 0.06% of a filterability improving agent, corresponding to the following formula
R-Z dans laquelle Z représente un groupe polaire contenant un ou plusieurs substituants choisis dans le groupe consistant en a) esters phosphoriques ; b) amides ; c) éthers ; d) amino-alcools ; e) aminés éthoxylees ; f) leurs mélanges, et R représente une chaîne lipophile ayant 14 à 24 atomes de carbone.RZ wherein Z represents a polar group containing one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of a) phosphoric esters; b) amides; c) ethers; d) amino alcohols; e) ethoxylated amines; f) mixtures thereof, and R represents a lipophilic chain having 14 to 24 carbon atoms.
Description détaillée de l'inventionDetailed description of the invention
Afin de mieux démontrer la relation structurale entre le groupe polaire et la chaîne lipophile des agents améliorant la filtrabilité de la présente invention, des exemples de catégories appréciées de composés sont présentés ci-dessous.In order to better demonstrate the structural relationship between the polar group and the lipophilic chain of the filterability enhancing agents of the present invention, examples of preferred categories of compounds are presented below.
Un vaste groupe d'agents améliorant la filtrabilité comprend ceux dans lesquels le groupe polaire Z contient un ou plusieurs constituants choisis entre : a) des esters phosphoriques ; b) des amides gras ; c) des polyéthers ; d) des aminés éthoxylees ; e) leurs mélanges. Chaque membre de ce groupe peut former lui-même, avec la chaîne hydrocarbyle appropriée, des sous-groupes indépendants d'agents améliorant la filtrabilité entrant dans le cadre de la présente invention.A large group of filterability enhancing agents includes those in which the polar group Z contains one or more constituents selected from: a) phosphoric esters; b) fatty amides; c) polyethers; d) ethoxylated amines; e) their mixtures. Each member of this group can itself form, with the appropriate hydrocarbyl chain, independent subgroups of agents improving filterability falling within the scope of the present invention.
Un sous-groupe d'esters phosphoriques spécifiques comprend des esters phosphoriques répondant à la formule suivante : O - XA subgroup of specific phosphoric esters includes phosphoric esters corresponding to the following formula: O - X
//
O = P - O - XO = P - O - X
\ O - X\ O - X
dans laquelle X représente H ou R et au moins un des symboles X représente R, et R représente une chaîne hydrocarbyle saturée ou insaturée qui peut comprendre des groupes éther. La chaîne hydrocarbyle a 14 à 24 atomes de carbone, avantageusement 14 à 24 atomes de carbone et de préférence 17 à 19 atomes de carbone. De manière hautement avantageuse, R représente un groupe [CH3 - CH2)n - CH2 -f O - CH2 - CH2 )- 3 ]. Un exemple de tels esters phosphoriques consiste en le RHODAFAC PA35 disponible dans le commerce, fourni par Rhône Poulenc. Un sous-groupe de polyéthers comprend des composés répondant à la formule :wherein X represents H or R and at least one of the symbols X represents R, and R represents a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl chain which may comprise ether groups. The hydrocarbyl chain has 14 to 24 carbon atoms, advantageously 14 to 24 carbon atoms and preferably 17 to 19 carbon atoms. Highly advantageously, R represents a group [CH 3 - CH 2 ) n - CH 2 -f O - CH 2 - CH 2 ) - 3 ]. An example of such phosphoric esters consists of RHODAFAC PA35 commercially available, supplied by Rhône Poulenc. A subgroup of polyethers comprises compounds corresponding to the formula:
R-0-(CH2-CH20)xHR-0- (CH 2 -CH 2 0) x H
dans laquelle X représente un nombre entier de 3 à 12, de préférence égal à 9, et R représente une chaîne hydrocarbyle ayant 14 à 24 atomes de carbone et dans laquelle, plus avantageusement, R représente un groupe C 5H31, le groupe polaire Z étant représenté par -0-(CH2-CH20)xH.in which X represents an integer from 3 to 12, preferably equal to 9, and R represents a hydrocarbyl chain having 14 to 24 carbon atoms and in which, more advantageously, R represents a group C 5 H 31 , the polar group Z being represented by -0- (CH 2 -CH 2 0) x H.
Un sous-groupe apprécié d'aminés éthoxylees comprend des aminés éthoxylees comprenant au moins deux groupes éthoxy. Un groupe plus apprécié comprend des aminés éthoxylees répondant à la formule suivante CH2CH2OHA preferred subgroup of ethoxylated amines includes ethoxylated amines comprising at least two ethoxy groups. A more preferred group includes ethoxylated amines corresponding to the following formula CH 2 CH 2 OH
//
CH2CH2CH2N / \ R-N CH2CH2OHCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 N / \ RN CH 2 CH 2 OH
\\
CH2CH2OHCH 2 CH 2 OH
dans laquelle R représente une chaîne hydrocarbyle ayant 14 à 24 atomes de carbone, et notamment une chaîne aliphatique C18H35.in which R represents a hydrocarbyl chain having 14 to 24 carbon atoms, and in particular an aliphatic chain C 18 H 35 .
Un sous-groupe apprécié d'amides gras non substitués comprend des composés répondant à la formule suivante :A preferred subgroup of unsubstituted fatty amides comprises compounds of the following formula:
H2N-CO-RH 2 N-CO-R
dans laquelle R représente une chaîne hydrocarbyle ayant 14 à 24 atomes de carbone et de préférence 17 à 19 atomes de carbone.in which R represents a hydrocarbyl chain having 14 to 24 carbon atoms and preferably 17 to 19 carbon atoms.
La concentration des agents améliorant la filtrabilité décrits ci- dessus doit être ajustée de telle sorte que l'effet désiré (amélioration des caractéristiques de filtrabilité de l'huile) soit obtenu sans être néfaste pour les autres performances résultant de l'action d'autres additifs qui peuvent être présents dans la composition d'huile. Plus particulièrement, il est considéré que des concentrations excessives des composés utilisés dans le contexte de la présente invention peuvent avoir des effets néfastes, en particulier sur la stabilité à l'oxydation, la stabilité thermique et la stabilité à l'hydrolyse de l'huile finie. Par exemple, il se révèle que des concentrations élevées ont des effets négatifs sur des essais tels que les essais ASTM-D4310, ASTM-D943 et ASTM-D2619.The concentration of the filterability improving agents described above must be adjusted so that the desired effect (improvement in the filterability characteristics of the oil) is obtained without being detrimental to the other performances resulting from the action of other additives which may be present in the oil composition. More particularly, it is considered that excessive concentrations of the compounds used in the context of the present invention may have harmful effects, in particular on the oxidation stability, the thermal stability and the hydrolysis stability of the oil. finished. For example, it turns out that high concentrations have negative effects on tests such as ASTM-D4310, ASTM-D943 and ASTM-D2619.
Le mécanisme exact d'action des composés utilisés dans le contexte de la présente invention sur l'amélioration de la filtrabilité n'est pas totalement élucidé. Sans souhaiter être lié une quelconque théorie particulière, les inventeurs considèrent qu'il n'existe aucune interaction notable proprement dite entre les agents améliorant la filtrabilité et les autres composés présents dans l'huile lubrifiante.The exact mechanism of action of the compounds used in the context of the present invention on the improvement of filterability is not fully understood. Without wishing to be bound by any particular theory, the inventors consider that there is no properly significant interaction said between the agents improving filterability and the other compounds present in the lubricating oil.
Cependant, il se révèle que, dans les interactions compétitives s'effectuant entre les particules solides, des polymères (agents améliorant le IV, APE) et l'eau présents dans l'huile, les substituants polaires des agents améliorant la filtrabilité ont un effet dispersant préférentiel sur les particules solides, ce qui permet d'éviter la formation d'agrégats de certaines dimensions et, à titre de conséquence, le colmatage des filtres. Il se révèle également que les substituants polaires des agents améliorant la filtrabilité de la présente invention présentent un certain type d'inhibition des effets néfastes des agents améliorant l'indice de viscosité et des agents abaissant le point d'écoulement également par des interactions préférentielles avec les particules solides.However, it turns out that, in the competitive interactions taking place between solid particles, polymers (IV improving agents, APE) and the water present in the oil, the polar substituents of the agents improving the filterability have an effect. preferential dispersant on solid particles, which makes it possible to avoid the formation of aggregates of certain dimensions and, consequently, clogging of the filters. It also appears that the polar substituents of the filterability enhancing agents of the present invention exhibit some type of inhibition of the adverse effects of viscosity index improving agents and pour point lowering agents also through preferential interactions with solid particles.
Il se révèle également qu'il existe une relation importante entre les substituants polaires et la chaîne lipophile. II est possible de déterminer le choix des substituants polaires et des substituants lipophiles pour la préparation d'un agent particulier améliorant la filtrabilité, conforme à la présente invention, en se référant au calcul de leur rapport polaire/lipophile. Un procédé approprié pour calculer ce rapport a été décrit dans une publication de "Atlas Chemical France" intitulée "Le système HLB d'ATLAS". Dans ce document qui est cité à titre de référence dans la présente demande, le rapport polaire/lipophile est identifié par le rapport d'équilibre hydrophile/lipophile (H.L.B.).It also appears that there is an important relationship between the polar substituents and the lipophilic chain. It is possible to determine the choice of polar substituents and lipophilic substituents for the preparation of a particular filterability improving agent, in accordance with the present invention, by referring to the calculation of their polar / lipophilic ratio. A suitable method for calculating this ratio has been described in a publication by "Atlas Chemical France" entitled "The HLB system of ATLAS". In this document which is cited by way of reference in the present application, the polar / lipophilic ratio is identified by the hydrophilic / lipophilic equilibrium ratio (H.L.B.).
Il est possible d'utiliser un mélange d'agents améliorant la filtrabilité, bien qu'un effet cumulatif des propriétés de filtrabilité ne soit pas obligatoirement observé. Cependant, les inventeurs considèrent que des effets complémentaires et même synergiques peuvent se produire lorsqu'une pluralité d'agents améliorant la filtrabilité différents est utilisée dans la même formulation. Cependant, on doit garder à l'esprit que la concentration totale du mélange d'agents améliorant la filtrabilité ne doit pas excéder notablement les concentrations décrites précédemment afin d'éviter les effets secondaires indésirables qui pourraient entraver les propriétés globales de la formulation de fluide lubrifiant.It is possible to use a mixture of filterability improving agents, although a cumulative effect of the filterability properties is not necessarily observed. However, the inventors consider that complementary and even synergistic effects can occur when a plurality of different filterability improving agents is used in the same formulation. However, it should be borne in mind that the total concentration of the mixture of filterability improving agents should not significantly exceed the concentrations described above in order to avoid undesirable side effects which could hamper the overall properties of the lubricating fluid formulation.
Des agents améliorant la filtrabilité de la présente invention sont particulièrement utiles pour améliorer les caractéristiques de filtrabilité d'huiles lubrifiantes et, de préférence, d'huiles hydrauliques. Ils sont efficaces indépendamment de la présence ou de l'absence d'un agent améliorant l'indice de viscosité dans l'huile. L'amélioration de filtrabilité peut être obtenue pour des intervalles de viscosité considérablement différents. Par exemple, dans des huiles hydrauliques et des huiles industrielles, une amélioration de la filtrabilité peut être obtenue pour des qualités allant de ISO VG 15 à 150, de préférence pour des qualités allant de ISO VG 32 à 68.Filterability improvers of the present invention are particularly useful for improving the filterability characteristics of lubricating oils and, preferably, hydraulic oils. They are effective regardless of the presence or absence of an agent improving the viscosity index in the oil. The improvement in filterability can be obtained for considerably different viscosity intervals. For example, in hydraulic oils and industrial oils, an improvement in filterability can be obtained for qualities ranging from ISO VG 15 to 150, preferably for qualities ranging from ISO VG 32 to 68.
A titre d'exemple, l'essai de filtrabilité AFNOR NFE 48691 comprend les étapes suivantes : - formulation de l'huile incorporation de 0,2 % en poids d'eau et mélange pour former une émulsion stockage à 70°C pendant 72 heures, puis stockage à température ambiante (24 heures) - filtration de 300 ml de l'huile sur un filtre Millipore 0,8 mm à une pression dépendant de la vitesse de filtration mesure du temps requis pour filtrer 50, 100, 200 et 300 ml d'huile et calcul des valeurs de IFE correspondantes.As an example, the AFNOR NFE 48691 filterability test comprises the following stages: - formulation of the oil incorporation of 0.2% by weight of water and mixture to form a storage emulsion at 70 ° C. for 72 hours , then storage at room temperature (24 hours) - filtration of 300 ml of the oil on a 0.8 mm Millipore filter at a pressure depending on the filtration speed measurement of the time required to filter 50, 100, 200 and 300 ml oil and calculation of the corresponding IFE values.
Dans les essais AFNOR NFE 48691 , les indices de filtrabilité calculés pour les huiles d'essai contenant des agents améliorant la filtrabilité ont été nettement améliorés comparativement à des formulations de référence ne comprenant pas les agents améliorant la filtrabilité et, en fait, sont proches de l'indice de filtrabilité "idéal" qui est égal à 1. En outre, l'incorporation de faibles concentrations des agents améliorant la filtrabilité utilisés dans la présente invention dans des additifs ne se révèle généralement pas être néfaste pour d'autres propriétés telles que l'inhibition d'usure, la stabilité à l'oxydation ou la stabilité thermique ou bien les performances à l'hydrolyse des huiles hydrauliques. Cela a été mesuré en utilisant des essais tels que l'essai de grippage FZG, les essais Denison et Vickers Vane et les essais sur pompes à piston et les essais de stabilité thermique Cincinnati Milacron ainsi que les essais d'oxydation ASTM D943 et ATMD 4310 et l'essai de stabilité à l'hydrolyse ASTM D2619. De la manière précitée, il a été noté également que certains des agents améliorant la filtrabilité peuvent avoir un effet avantageux sur la stabilité thermique et les performances à l'oxydation.In the AFNOR NFE 48691 tests, the filterability indices calculated for the test oils containing filterability improving agents were significantly improved compared to reference formulations which do not include the filterability improving agents and, in fact, are close to the "ideal" filterability index which is equal to 1. In addition, the incorporation of low concentrations of the agents improving filterability used in the The present invention in additives generally does not appear to be harmful for other properties such as wear inhibition, oxidation stability or thermal stability or else the hydrolysis performance of hydraulic oils. This was measured using tests such as the FZG seizure test, the Denison and Vickers Vane tests and the piston pump tests and the Cincinnati Milacron thermal stability tests as well as the ASTM D943 and ATMD 4310 oxidation tests. and the ASTM D2619 hydrolysis stability test. As mentioned above, it has also been noted that some of the agents improving filterability can have an advantageous effect on thermal stability and oxidation performance.
L'homme de l'art souhaitant utiliser les enseignements de la présente invention pour préparer des fluides lubrifiants appropriés peut effectuer cette préparation en utilisant des huiles de base et des additifs actuellement disponibles. Des informations concernant ces autres constituants sont présentées brièvement ci-dessous.Those skilled in the art wishing to use the teachings of the present invention to prepare suitable lubricating fluids can effect this preparation using base oils and additives currently available. Information regarding these other constituents is briefly presented below.
Lubrifiant de baseBasic lubricant
Le lubrifiant de base peut être choisi parmi les fluides hydrauliques/de transmission, les fluides hydrauliques pour freins, les fluides pour direction assistée et les fluides pour tracteurs, dont la composition précise peut varier légèrement.The basic lubricant can be chosen from hydraulic / transmission fluids, hydraulic fluids for brakes, fluids for power steering and fluids for tractors, the precise composition of which may vary slightly.
Les huiles lubrifiantes de la présente invention comprennent une quantité dominante d'une huile de viscosité propre à la lubrification. Cette huile peut être n'importe quelle huile lubrifiante à base hydrocarbonée ou une huile synthétique de base. Elle peut être dérivée de sources synthétiques ou de sources naturelles et elle peut être une huile de base paraffinique, naphténique ou asphaltique ou consister en un de leurs mélanges.The lubricating oils of the present invention comprise a dominant amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity. This oil can be any hydrocarbon-based lubricating oil or a synthetic base oil. It can be derived from synthetic or natural sources and it can be a paraffinic, naphthenic or asphalt base oil or consist of a mixture thereof.
Dans une forme de réalisation, l'huile de viscosité propre à la lubrification est préparée à partir d'une huile minérale brute par des procédés de séparation physique, tels que la distillation, le désasphaltage et le déparaffinage, ou elle peut être préparée par une conversion chimique, telle qu'un hydrotraitement catalytique ou non catalytique de fractions d'huiles minérales, ou par une association de procédés de séparation chimiques et d'une conversion chimique ; ou bien elle peut consister en une huile hydrocarbonée synthétique de base. De préférence, l'huile de viscosité propre à la lubrification a une viscosité cinématique de 5 à 220 cSt à 40°C.In one embodiment, the oil of lubricating viscosity is prepared from a crude mineral oil by methods physical separation, such as distillation, deasphalting and dewaxing, or it can be prepared by chemical conversion, such as catalytic or non-catalytic hydrotreatment of mineral oil fractions, or by a combination of chemical separation processes and a chemical conversion; or it may consist of a basic synthetic hydrocarbon oil. Preferably, the oil of viscosity suitable for lubrication has a kinematic viscosity of 5 to 220 cSt at 40 ° C.
Autres additifs D'autres additifs qui sont bien connus dans la pratique peuvent être présents dans le fluide hydraulique à filtrabilité accrue de la présente invention. Ces additifs peuvent comprendre, par exemple, des antioxydants, des agents améliorant l'indice de viscosité, des détergents, des additifs antirouille, des désémulsionnants, des inhibiteurs de moussage, des inhibiteurs de corrosion, des agents abaissant le point d'écoulement et d'autres agents antiusure. Des exemples de ces additifs sont présentés ci-dessous :Other Additives Other additives which are well known in the art may be present in the increased filterability hydraulic fluid of the present invention. These additives may include, for example, antioxidants, viscosity index improvers, detergents, rust inhibitors, demulsifiers, foam inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, pour point lowering agents and d other antiwear agents. Examples of these additives are shown below:
Antioxydants : comprennent des alkylphénols à encombrement stérique tels que le 2,6-di-tertio-butylphénol, le 2,6-di-tertio-butyl-p-crésol et le 2,6-di-tertio-butyl-4-(2-octyl-3-propanoïque)-phénol ; des N.N-di(alkylphényl) aminés ; et des phénylène-diamines alkylées.Antioxidants: include sterically hindered alkylphenols such as 2,6-di-tertio-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tertio-butyl-p-cresol and 2,6-di-tertio-butyl-4- ( 2-octyl-3-propanoic) -phenol; N.N-di (alkylphenyl) amines; and alkylated phenylene diamines.
Agents améliorant l'indice de viscosité : comprennent des alkylméthacrylates polymériques et des copolymères oléfiniques, tels qu'un copolymère éthylène-propylène ou un copolymère styrène-butadiène.Viscosity index improvers: include polymeric alkylmethacrylates and olefinic copolymers, such as an ethylene-propylene copolymer or a styrene-butadiene copolymer.
Détergents : comprennent des alkylsalicylates de calcium, des alkylphénates de calcium et des alkarylsulfonates de calcium.Detergents: include calcium alkylsalicylates, calcium alkylphenates and calcium alkarylsulfonates.
Additifs anti-rouille : comprennent des agents alcénylsucciniques (à chaînes courtes), leurs esters partiels et leurs dérivés azotés ; et des alkarylsulfonates synthétiques, tels que des dinonyinaphtalènesulfonates métalliques. Désémulsionnants : comprennent des phénols alkoxylés et des résines phénol-formaldéhyde ainsi que des alkylarylsulfonates synthétiques, tels que des dinonyinaphtalènesulfonates métalliques.Anti-rust additives: include alkenyl succinic agents (short chains), their partial esters and their nitrogen derivatives; and synthetic alkarylsulfonates, such as metallic dinonyinaphthalenesulfonates. Demulsifiers: include alkoxylated phenols and phenol-formaldehyde resins as well as synthetic alkylarylsulfonates, such as metallic dinonyinaphthalenesulfonates.
Inhibiteurs de moussage : comprennent des polymères de méthacrylate d'alkyle et des polymères de diméthylsilicone.Foaming inhibitors: include polymers of alkyl methacrylate and polymers of dimethylsilicone.
Inhibiteurs de corrosion : comprennent des 2,5-dimercapto-1 ,3,4- thiadiazoles et leurs dérivés, des mercaptobenzothiazoles, des alkyltriazoles et de benzotriazoles.Corrosion inhibitors: include 2,5-dimercapto-1, 3,4-thiadiazoles and their derivatives, mercaptobenzothiazoles, alkyltriazoles and benzotriazoles.
Agents abaissant le point d'écoulement (APE) : comprennent des polyméthacrylates.Pour Point Lowering Agents (APEs): include polymethacrylates.
Agents anti-usure : alkyldithiophosphates de zinc (préférés), phosphates et phosphites d'aryle, esters sulfurés et composés phosphosulfurés, dithiocarbamates métalliques ou sans cendres.Antiwear agents: zinc alkyldithiophosphates (preferred), aryl phosphates and phosphites, sulphide esters and phosphosulphide compounds, metallic or ashless dithiocarbamates.
Le fluide hydraulique à filtrabilité accrue de la présente invention peut être produit en mélangeant l'huile de viscosité propre à la lubrification et l'agent améliorant la filtrabilité conjointement avec les autres additifs décrits ci- dessus pouvant être présents dans l'huile de viscosité propre à la lubrification. Les constituants de ce mélange peuvent interagir au cours de l'opération de mélange en modifiant l'agent améliorant la filtrabilité et/ou les autres additifs. Les diverses conditions préférentielles indiquées ci-dessus s'appliquent tant aux fluides lubrifiants qu'au procédé pour la production d'un fluide hydraulique qu'aux utilisations selon la présente invention.The hydraulic fluidity with increased filterability of the present invention can be produced by mixing the oil of clean viscosity with the lubrication and the agent improving the filterability together with the other additives described above which may be present in the oil of clean viscosity lubrication. The constituents of this mixture can interact during the mixing operation by modifying the filterability improving agent and / or the other additives. The various preferential conditions indicated above apply both to lubricating fluids and to the process for the production of a hydraulic fluid as well as to the uses according to the present invention.
La présente invention est illustrée plus en détail par les exemples suivants qui sont proposés à titre d'illustration de la présente invention. Ils ne sont pas destinés à la limiter.The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples which are offered by way of illustration of the present invention. They are not intended to limit it.
EXEMPLESEXAMPLES
EXEMPLE COMPARATIF : Une formulation d'additifs de base contenant des quantités fonctionnelles de dithiophosphate de zinc, d'un dithiocarbamate sans cendre, d'un détergent renfermant du calcium, d'un antioxydant phénolique, d'additifs anti-rouille, de désémulsionnants, d'un inhibiteur de moussage à base d'un polymère de silicone, ont été mélangés de telle sorte que la formulation d'additifs de base (XOIE 303J) représente 0,80 % en poids de la formulation d'huile finie. La formulation d'huile finie avait une viscosité cinématique à 40°C égale à environ 46 cSt.COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE: A formulation of basic additives containing functional amounts of zinc dithiophosphate, of a dithiocarbamate without ash, calcium-containing detergent, phenolic antioxidant, anti-rust additives, demulsifiers, foam inhibitor based on silicone polymer, were mixed so that the formulation of basic additives (XOIE 303J) represents 0.80% by weight of the finished oil formulation. The finished oil formulation had a kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C equal to about 46 cSt.
EXEMPLE COMPARATIF A : La formulation d'additif de base a été mélangée dans une huile de base raffinée avec un solvant "A", avec addition d'un additif APE (de type PMA) à une dose de 0,2 % en poids.COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE A: The base additive formulation was mixed in a refined base oil with a solvent "A", with the addition of an APE additive (of PMA type) at a dose of 0.2% by weight.
EXEMPLE 1 : Une quantité de 0,05 % en poids d'un ester phosphorique du commerce "P1" (Rhodafac PA35 de Rhône Poulenc) a été ajoutée à l'huile finie de l'exemple comparatif A.EXAMPLE 1 An amount of 0.05% by weight of a commercial phosphoric ester "P1" (Rhodafac PA35 from Rhône Poulenc) was added to the finished oil of Comparative Example A.
EXEMPLE 2 : Une quantité de 0,05 % en poids d'un ester phosphorique du commerce "P2" (CRODAFOS N3A de Croda) a été ajoutée à l'huile finie de l'exemple comparatif A.EXAMPLE 2 An amount of 0.05% by weight of a commercial phosphoric ester "P2" (CRODAFOS N3A from Croda) was added to the finished oil of Comparative Example A.
EXEMPLE 3 : Une quantité de 0,05 % en poids d'un ester phosphorique du commerce "P3" (CRODAFOS N5A de Croda) a été ajoutée à l'huile finie de l'exemple comparatif A.EXAMPLE 3 An amount of 0.05% by weight of a commercial phosphoric ester "P3" (CRODAFOS N5A from Croda) was added to the finished oil of Comparative Example A.
EXEMPLE 4 : Une quantité de 0,03 % en poids d'un amide gras du commerce "OL" (CRODAMIDE O de Croda ou Armeed O de Akzo) a été ajoutée à l'huile finie de l'exemple comparatif A. EXEMPLE COMPARATIF B : La formulation d'additifs de base a été mélangée dans une huile de base raffinée avec un solvant "B", avec addition d'un additif APE (de type PMA) à une dose de 0,2 % en poids.EXAMPLE 4 An amount of 0.03% by weight of a commercial fatty amide "OL" (CRODAMIDE O from Croda or Armeed O from Akzo) was added to the finished oil of Comparative Example A. COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE B: The formulation of base additives was mixed in a refined base oil with a solvent "B", with the addition of an APE additive (of PMA type) at a dose of 0.2% by weight.
EXEMPLE 5 : Une quantité de 0,05 % en poids d'un ester phosphorique du commerce "P1" (Rhodafac P PA35 de Rhône Poulenc a été ajoutée à l'huile finie de l'exemple comparatif B.EXAMPLE 5 An amount of 0.05% by weight of a commercial phosphoric ester "P1" (Rhodafac P PA35 from Rhône Poulenc was added to the finished oil of Comparative Example B.
EXEMPLE 6 : Une quantité de 0,05 % en poids d'un ester phosphorique du commerce "P2" (CRODAFOS N3A de Croda) a été ajoutée à l'huile finie de l'exemple comparatif B.EXAMPLE 6 An amount of 0.05% by weight of a commercial phosphoric ester "P2" (CRODAFOS N3A from Croda) was added to the finished oil of Comparative Example B.
EXEMPLE 7 : Une quantité de 0,05 % en poids d'un ester phosphorique du commerce "P3" (CRODAFOS N5A de Croda) a été ajoutée à l'huile finie de l'exemple comparatif B.EXAMPLE 7 An amount of 0.05% by weight of a commercial phosphoric ester "P3" (CRODAFOS N5A from Croda) was added to the finished oil of Comparative Example B.
EXEMPLE 8 : Une quantité de 0,03 % en poids d'un amide gras du commerce "OL" (CRODAMIDE O de Croda ou Armeed O de Akzo) a été ajoutée à l'huile finie de l'exemple comparatif B.EXAMPLE 8 An amount of 0.03% by weight of a commercial fatty amide "OL" (CRODAMIDE O from Croda or Armeed O from Akzo) was added to the finished oil of Comparative Example B.
EXEMPLE COMPARATIF C : La formulation d'additifs de base a été mélangée dans une huile de base raffinée avec un solvant "C", avec addition d'un additif APE (de type PMA) à une dose de 0,2 % en poids et addition d'un additif AIV (de type PMA) à une dose de 4,65 % en poids.COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE C: The formulation of base additives was mixed in a refined base oil with a solvent "C", with the addition of an APE additive (of PMA type) at a dose of 0.2% by weight and addition of an AIV additive (PMA type) at a dose of 4.65% by weight.
EXEMPLE 9 : Une quantité de 0,05 % en poids d'un ester phosphorique du commerce "P1" (Rhodafac PA 35 de Rhône Poulenc) a été ajoutée à l'huile finie de l'exemple comparatif C. EXEMPLE 10 : Une quantité de 0,05 % en poids d'un ester phosphorique du commerce "P2" (CRODAFOS N3A de Croda) a été ajoutée à l'huile finie de l'exemple comparatif C.EXAMPLE 9 An amount of 0.05% by weight of a commercial phosphoric ester "P1" (Rhodafac PA 35 from Rhône Poulenc) was added to the finished oil of Comparative Example C. EXAMPLE 10 An amount of 0.05% by weight of a commercial phosphoric ester "P2" (CRODAFOS N3A from Croda) was added to the finished oil of Comparative Example C.
EXEMPLE 11 : Une quantité de 0,05 % en poids d'un ester phosphorique du commerce "P3" (CRODAFOS N5A de Croda) a été ajoutée à l'huile finie de l'exemple comparatif C.EXAMPLE 11 An amount of 0.05% by weight of a commercial phosphoric ester "P3" (CRODAFOS N5A from Croda) was added to the finished oil of Comparative Example C.
EXEMPLE 12 : Une quantité de 0,03 % en poids d'un amide gras du commerce "OL" (CRODAMIDE O de Croda ou Armeed O de Akzo) a été ajoutée à l'huile finie de l'exemple comparatif C.EXAMPLE 12 An amount of 0.03% by weight of a commercial fatty amide "OL" (CRODAMIDE O from Croda or Armeed O from Akzo) was added to the finished oil of Comparative Example C.
EXEMPLE COMPARATIF D : La formulation d'additifs de base a été mélangée à une "spécialité de formulation de base" contenant une certaine quantité d'additif AIV (de type PMA).COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE D: The formulation of base additives was mixed with a "specialty of base formulation" containing a certain quantity of AIV additive (of PMA type).
EXEMLPE 13 : Une quantité de 0,05 % en poids d'un ester phosphorique du commerce "P1" (Rhodafac PA 35 de Rhône Poulenc) a été ajoutée à l'huile finie de l'exemple comparatif D.EXAMPLE 13 An amount of 0.05% by weight of a commercial phosphoric ester "P1" (Rhodafac PA 35 from Rhône Poulenc) was added to the finished oil of Comparative Example D.
EXEMPLE 14 : Une quantité de 0,05 % en poids d'un ester phosphorique du commerce "P2" (CRODAFOS N3A de Croda) a été ajoutée à l'huile finie de l'exemple comparatif D.EXAMPLE 14 An amount of 0.05% by weight of a commercial phosphoric ester "P2" (CRODAFOS N3A from Croda) was added to the finished oil of Comparative Example D.
EXEMPLE 15 : Une quantité de 0,05 % en poids d'un ester phosphorique du commerce "P3" (CRODAFOS N5A de Croda) a été ajoutée à l'huile finie de l'exemple comparatif D. EXEMPLE 16 : Une quantité de 0,03 % en poids d'un amide gras du commerce "OL" (CRODAMIDE O de Croda ou Armeed O de Akzo) a été ajoutée à l'huile finie de l'exemple comparatif D.EXAMPLE 15 An amount of 0.05% by weight of a commercial phosphoric ester "P3" (CRODAFOS N5A from Croda) was added to the finished oil of Comparative Example D. EXAMPLE 16 An amount of 0.03% by weight of a commercial fatty amide "OL" (CRODAMIDE O from Croda or Armeed O from Akzo) was added to the finished oil of Comparative Example D.
Les exemples précités ont été évalués dans les essais de filtrabilité AFNOR NFE 48690 (A, B, C, D) et AFNOR NFE 48691 (A, B). Le tableau 1 suivant résume les résultats d'essai.The above examples were evaluated in the AFNOR NFE 48690 (A, B, C, D) and AFNOR NFE 48691 filterability tests. Table 1 below summarizes the test results.
TABLEAU 1TABLE 1
Essais de filtrabilité sur les formulations HM et HV dans de l'huile de qualité ISO VG 46 (Indice de filtrabilité IF et IFE)Filterability tests on HM and HV formulations in ISO VG 46 quality oil (IF and IFE filterability index)
Figure imgf000018_0001
Figure imgf000018_0001

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Fluide lubrifiant comprenant :1. Lubricating fluid comprising:
1) une quantité dominante d'une huile de viscosité propre à la lubrification ; et1) a dominant quantity of an oil of viscosity suitable for lubrication; and
2) de 0,03 % à 0,06% d'un agent améliorant la filtrabilité ou d'un de leurs mélanges, répondant à la formule suivante :2) from 0.03% to 0.06% of a filterability improving agent or of a mixture thereof, corresponding to the following formula:
R-Z dans laquelle Z représente un groupe polaire contenant un ou plusieurs substituants choisis dans le groupe consistant en a) esters phosphoriques ; b) amides ; c) éthers ; d) amino-alcools ; e) aminés éthoxylees ; f) leurs mélanges, et R représente une chaîne lipophile ayant 14 à 24 atomes de carbone.R-Z wherein Z represents a polar group containing one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of a) phosphoric esters; b) amides; c) ethers; d) amino alcohols; e) ethoxylated amines; f) mixtures thereof, and R represents a lipophilic chain having 14 to 24 carbon atoms.
2. Fluide lubrifiant suivant la revendication 1 , dans lequel R comprend 17 à 19 atomes de carbone. 2. Lubricating fluid according to claim 1, wherein R comprises 17 to 19 carbon atoms.
3. Fluide lubrifiant suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel Z est choisi dans le groupe consistant en a) esters phosphoriques ; b) polyéthers ; c) aminés éthoxylees ; d) leurs mélanges.3. A lubricating fluid according to claim 1 or 2, wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of a) phosphoric esters; b) polyethers; c) ethoxylated amines; d) mixtures thereof.
4. Fluide lubrifiant suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel l'agent améliorant la filtrabilité est un ester phosphorique répondant à la formule suivante : O - X / O = P - O - X4. Lubricating fluid according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in which the agent improving the filterability is a phosphoric ester corresponding to the following formula: O - X / O = P - O - X
\ O - X\ O - X
dans laquelle X représente H ou R et au moins un des symboles X représente R, et R représente une chaîne hydrocarbyle saturée ou insaturée qui peut comprendre des groupes éther, ladite chaîne hydrocarbyle ayant 14 à 24 atomes de carbone et de préférence 17 à 19 atomes de carbone.wherein X represents H or R and at least one of the symbols X represents R, and R represents a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl chain which can comprise ether groups, said hydrocarbyl chain having 14 to 24 carbon atoms and preferably 17 to 19 atoms of carbon.
5. Fluide lubrifiant suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel l'agent améliorant la filtrabilité est un composé répondant à la formule R-0-(CH2-CH20)xH, dans laquelle X représente un nombre entier de 3 à 12, de préférence égal à 9, et R représente une chaîne hydrocarbyle ayant 14 à 24 atomes de carbone, R représentant de préférence un groupe C11H23 ou5. Lubricating fluid according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in which the agent improving the filterability is a compound corresponding to the formula R-0- (CH 2 -CH 2 0) x H, in which X represents a integer from 3 to 12, preferably equal to 9, and R represents a hydrocarbyl chain having 14 to 24 carbon atoms, R preferably representing a group C 11 H 23 or
6. Fluide lubrifiant suivant la revendication 3, dans lequel l'aminé éthoxylée comprend au moins deux groupes éthoxy.6. Lubricating fluid according to claim 3, wherein the ethoxylated amine comprises at least two ethoxy groups.
7. Fluide lubrifiant suivant la revendication 6, dans lequel l'agent améliorant la filtrabilité est un composé répondant à la formule suivante :7. Lubricating fluid according to claim 6, in which the agent improving the filterability is a compound corresponding to the following formula:
CH2CH2OH / CH2CH2CH2N / \CH 2 CH 2 OH / CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 N / \
R-N CH2CH2OHRN CH 2 CH 2 OH
\ CH2CH2OH\ CH 2 CH 2 OH
dans laquelle R représente une chaîne hydrocarbyle ayant 14 à 24 atomes de carbone, et R représente de préférence une chaîne aliphatique C18H35.wherein R represents a hydrocarbyl chain having 14 to 24 carbon atoms, and R preferably represents an aliphatic chain C 18 H 35 .
8. Fluide lubrifiant suivant la revendication 1 , dans lequel l'agent améliorant la filtrabilité est un amide gras non substitué répondant à la formule suivante : H2N-CO-R8. Lubricating fluid according to claim 1, in which the agent improving the filterability is an unsubstituted fatty amide corresponding to the following formula: H 2 N-CO-R
dans laquelle R représente une chaîne hydrocarbyle ayant 14 à 24 atomes de carbone et de préférence 17 à 19 atomes de carbone. in which R represents a hydrocarbyl chain having 14 to 24 carbon atoms and preferably 17 to 19 carbon atoms.
9. Fluide lubrifiant suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, ledit fluide lubrifiant consistant en une huile hydraulique.9. Lubricating fluid according to any one of claims 1 to 8, said lubricating fluid consisting of a hydraulic oil.
10. Additif pour un fluide lubrifiant, comprenant une quantité efficace d'un agent améliorant la filtrabilité suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8. 10. Additive for a lubricating fluid, comprising an effective amount of a filterability improving agent according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
11. Utilisation d'une quantité efficace d'un agent améliorant la filtrabilité suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8 comme additif destiné à améliorer la filtrabilité d'un fluide lubrifiant.11. Use of an effective amount of an agent improving the filterability according to any one of claims 1 to 8 as an additive intended to improve the filterability of a lubricating fluid.
12. Utilisation suivant la revendication 11 , dans laquelle le fluide lubrifiant est une huile hydraulique. 12. Use according to claim 11, wherein the lubricating fluid is a hydraulic oil.
13. Utilisation suivant la revendication 11 ou 12, dans laquelle la concentration de l'agent améliorant la filtrabilité dans ledit fluide est égale à de13. Use according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the concentration of the filterability improving agent in said fluid is equal to
0,03 % à 0,06% en poids.0.03% to 0.06% by weight.
14. Utilisation suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 11 à 13, ladite utilisation étant destinée à un système hydraulique contenant une pompe à piston ayant des surfaces d'usure contenant du cuivre ou un alliage de cuivre et, facultativement, une pompe à palettes ayant des surfaces d'usure contenant de l'acier.14. Use according to any one of claims 11 to 13, said use being intended for a hydraulic system containing a piston pump having wear surfaces containing copper or a copper alloy and, optionally, a vane pump having wear surfaces containing steel.
15. Procédé pour la production d'un fluide hydraulique à filtrabilité améliorée, qui comprend le mélange des constituants suivants : a) une quantité dominante d'une huile de viscosité propre à la lubrification ; et b) de 0,03 % à 0,06 % d'un agent améliorant la filtrabilité, répondant à la formule suivante15. A process for the production of a hydraulic fluid with improved filterability, which comprises mixing the following constituents: a) a dominant quantity of an oil of viscosity suitable for lubrication; and b) from 0.03% to 0.06% of a filterability improving agent, corresponding to the following formula
R-Z dans laquelle Z représente un groupe polaire contenant un ou plusieurs substituants choisis dans le groupe consistant en a) esters phosphoriques ; b) amides ; c) éthers ; d) amino-alcools ; e) aminés éthoxylees ; f) leurs mélanges, et R représente une chaîne lipophile ayant 14 à 24 atomes de carbone. RZ wherein Z represents a polar group containing one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of a) phosphoric esters; b) amides; c) ethers; d) amino alcohols; e) ethoxylated amines; f) mixtures thereof, and R represents a lipophilic chain having 14 to 24 carbon atoms.
PCT/FR1998/000659 1997-04-11 1998-04-01 Use of surfactants with low molecular weight as agents for improving the filterability in lubricants WO1998046708A1 (en)

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