WO1998046376A1 - Procede et systeme de localisation des fuites sur des structures de confinement souterraines, au moyen de gaz de depistage - Google Patents
Procede et systeme de localisation des fuites sur des structures de confinement souterraines, au moyen de gaz de depistage Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998046376A1 WO1998046376A1 PCT/US1998/007687 US9807687W WO9846376A1 WO 1998046376 A1 WO1998046376 A1 WO 1998046376A1 US 9807687 W US9807687 W US 9807687W WO 9846376 A1 WO9846376 A1 WO 9846376A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- barrier
- injecting
- accomplished
- tracer
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000002680 soil gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002922 simulated annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000269627 Amphiuma means Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010223 real-time analysis Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 21
- 229910018503 SF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 14
- WRQGPGZATPOHHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-oxohexanoate Chemical compound CCCCC(=O)C(=O)OCC WRQGPGZATPOHHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 9
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004868 gas analysis Methods 0.000 description 7
- SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur hexafluoride Chemical compound FS(F)(F)(F)(F)F SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229960000909 sulfur hexafluoride Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical compound ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000008280 chlorinated hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005036 potential barrier Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000321453 Paranthias colonus Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002894 chemical waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009474 immediate action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005511 kinetic theory Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000246 remedial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010200 validation analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B1/00—Dumping solid waste
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
- G01M3/20—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/30—Landfill technologies aiming to mitigate methane emissions
Definitions
- This invention relates to quantitative subsurface barrier assessment systems
- Injected grouts, waxes, polymers, slurries and freezing of soil moisture are barrier
- the present invention is a turn-key, autonomous monitoring system to provide
- the present invention has the following benefits:
- the present invention is applicable to the assessment of any impermeable
- the system uses inexpensive and non-hazardous gaseous
- system uses a field-proven soil gas analyzer, incorporated in a sampling system
- the invention is applicable to impermeable barrier installations above the
- Vapor point installation can be
- DOE Department of Energy
- the present invention uses gaseous tracer injection, in-field real-time
- the design has the following features:
- the system can also provide
- the barrier monitoring system of the present invention is predicated on the
- Figure 1 is a schematic view of the barrier test configuration
- Figure 2(a) is schematic view of the leak process model
- Figure 2(b) is a graph illustrating the tracer diffusion model
- Figure 3 is a graph illustrating the tracer concentration profile at various times
- Figure 4 is a graph illustrating tracer concentration model at 3 radial distances
- Figure 5 is a graph illustrating tracer concentration at 5 meters from source for
- Figure 6 is perspective schematic illustrating the sample configuration for
- FIGS 7(a)-(e) illustrate potential barrier installations and monitoring
- Figure 8 is a schematic view of the multipoint tracer gas monitoring system of
- Figure 9 is a schematic illustrating the barrier integrity monitoring system
- Figures 10(a)-(b) illustrate the end and side views of a test configuration.
- the tracer concentration inside the container is high, it will serve as an infinitely large
- the size of the container, and the wall of the container forms a flat no-flow boundary.
- Tracer transport is modeled, at least to the first order, as one-dimensional spherical diffusion from a source with the radius r 0 This is represented in Figure 2(b)
- D the diffusivity of the tracer in soil gas, which includes
- the modeled source is a constant concentration of 10 percent
- concentrations will be inversely proportional to radial distance from the source (r in
- the amplitude is directly proportional to the leak radius, or the square
- D is the uniform diffusivity of the medium
- the model may be more
- the inverse problem is cast in the form of a nonlinear global optimization
- the objective function to be minimized is taken as the sum of the squares
- SA Simulated Annealing
- the simplest stochastic method for global optimization is to repeatedly select
- the rule for determining the base point is responsible for the name Simulated
- T is proportional to the temperature.
- each parameter is
- n is the number of points for which E has been evaluated and V is a constant.
- E 0 The value for E 0 is based on the fractional measurement errors ei at the various
- V was set to 100.
- An SA algorithm needs a stopping rule, which tends to be
- the present algorithm stops a search when E(p_) ⁇ E 0 or after a
- sample configuration illustrated in Figure 6 included a vertical barrier 100 ft deep
- analyzer could measure the tracer gas to within ⁇ 5 percent accuracy for values
- the source concentration of the tracer used in calculations was 70,000
- the code allows for a range of values to be input for all of the pertinent
- the monitors closest to the leak will detect the tracer earliest and will
- Figure 6 shows the coordinate system used to generate the input file and lists the
- Table 1 shows several examples of the input parameters for the analytic
- the code was also able to determine the time the leak began to accuracies of less than ⁇ 2 days. As expected, as more unknowns were
- Tracer gas (“Inject”) would be injected into the soil gas contained within
- the barrier at a prescribed concentration, to diffuse uniformly into the contained
- Vapor and injection point emplacement may be accomplished by a direct
- the barrier is shallow (i.e., 10 to 20 ft deep), a manually
- the tracer gas monitoring system must be capable of sampling multiple soil
- model 1302 photoacoustic gas analyzer is well-suited for unattended operation in
- tracer gas chlorinated hydrocarbon, and C0 2 movement in the unsaturated zone.
- This system can automatically monitored up to 64 vapor sampling lines for several reasons.
- the system is schematically
- the Bruel & Kjasr photoacoustic analyzer is well suited to SF 6 and C0 2
- the scanning system is well-developed and its software tested in long
- tracer gas is dictated by the tracer's ability to delineate leaks in
- Sulfur hexafluoride is a non-toxic conservative tracer gas commonly used in building ventilation testing as well as hydrologic measurements.
- Atmospheric background concentrations are on the order of I to 2 parts per trillion.
- SF 6 is very close to that of trichlorethylene in air.
- C0 2 An attractive feature of C0 2 is that, because of its lower molecular weight, its
- thermodynamic state of the soil gas (temperature and pressure).
- the diffusion constant is proportional to the
- a more variable influence is that of tortuosity, or the effective increase in the
- soil porosity represents the dry state and soil gas saturation is that fraction of
- the soil should be measured in the site media prior to application of the above
- test configuration is depicted in Figure 10. It consists
- S Sampling tubing
- an effective diffusion test is performed by injecting a
- a monitoring installation is designed for a specific barrier application. The first
- step is to design the vapor point installation to optimize vapor point spacing with
- the second step is the installation of the vapor sampling points and
- This task is completed with a background survey to verify the
- the monitoring system is then operated for a one week period to verify
- a test installation is depicted in Figure 10.
- a geomembrane is installed, with
- the integrated monitoring and data analysis system developed is connected to the
- Testing requires, approximately, a week total duration, including two days of
- gas analysis system will collect and store all of the data required for these tests.
- This system records ambient temperature, barometric pressure, soil gas pressure at
- the software module which determines the leak characteristics
- the code outputs the leak sizes, locations, and uncertainties in these determinations.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU71259/98A AU7125998A (en) | 1997-04-15 | 1998-04-15 | Method and system to locate leaks in subsurface containment structures using tracer gases |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US4359597P | 1997-04-15 | 1997-04-15 | |
US60/043,595 | 1997-04-15 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998046376A1 true WO1998046376A1 (fr) | 1998-10-22 |
Family
ID=21927965
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1998/007687 WO1998046376A1 (fr) | 1997-04-15 | 1998-04-15 | Procede et systeme de localisation des fuites sur des structures de confinement souterraines, au moyen de gaz de depistage |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU7125998A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1998046376A1 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2004027369A2 (fr) * | 2002-09-19 | 2004-04-01 | National Research Council Of Canada | Procede et appareil pour detecter et localiser des fuites de gaz |
NL1028074C2 (nl) * | 2005-01-20 | 2006-07-21 | Franciscus Marie De Groot | Opsporen van lekkages. |
GB2500319A (en) * | 2012-03-16 | 2013-09-18 | Prestige Air Technology Ltd | A method of testing the integrity of a barrier |
Citations (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4189938A (en) * | 1978-12-13 | 1980-02-26 | Heath Consultants, Incorporated | Double tracer gas process for locating conduit leaks |
US4690689A (en) * | 1983-03-02 | 1987-09-01 | Columbia Gas System Service Corp. | Gas tracer composition and method |
US4725551A (en) * | 1983-11-29 | 1988-02-16 | Tracer Research Corporation | Rapid leak detection system |
US4748847A (en) * | 1987-05-26 | 1988-06-07 | Sheahan James P | Non-electrical leak detection method |
US5048324A (en) * | 1989-07-11 | 1991-09-17 | Tracer Research Corporation | Aboveground tank leak detection system and method |
US5076728A (en) * | 1990-04-25 | 1991-12-31 | Tracer Research Corporation | Landfill liner leak detection system and method |
US5163315A (en) * | 1990-07-10 | 1992-11-17 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Leak detecting method for vessels |
US5269172A (en) * | 1991-12-16 | 1993-12-14 | The Dow Chemical Company | Processes and apparatus for the prevention, detection and/or repair of leaks or avenues for leaks from above-ground storage tanks |
US5377307A (en) * | 1992-10-07 | 1994-12-27 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | System and method of global optimization using artificial neural networks |
US5447055A (en) * | 1993-02-09 | 1995-09-05 | Tracer Research Corporation | Automated leak detection apparatus and method |
US5502268A (en) * | 1990-10-22 | 1996-03-26 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of The Environment | Method for sealing of a mass of waste |
US5591115A (en) * | 1994-01-12 | 1997-01-07 | K & M Engineering & Consulting Corp. | Barrier for blocking movement of contaminants within an aggregate particulate substrate |
US5635712A (en) * | 1995-05-04 | 1997-06-03 | Halliburton Company | Method for monitoring the hydraulic fracturing of a subterranean formation |
-
1998
- 1998-04-15 AU AU71259/98A patent/AU7125998A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-04-15 WO PCT/US1998/007687 patent/WO1998046376A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4189938A (en) * | 1978-12-13 | 1980-02-26 | Heath Consultants, Incorporated | Double tracer gas process for locating conduit leaks |
US4690689A (en) * | 1983-03-02 | 1987-09-01 | Columbia Gas System Service Corp. | Gas tracer composition and method |
US4725551A (en) * | 1983-11-29 | 1988-02-16 | Tracer Research Corporation | Rapid leak detection system |
US4748847A (en) * | 1987-05-26 | 1988-06-07 | Sheahan James P | Non-electrical leak detection method |
US5048324A (en) * | 1989-07-11 | 1991-09-17 | Tracer Research Corporation | Aboveground tank leak detection system and method |
US5076728A (en) * | 1990-04-25 | 1991-12-31 | Tracer Research Corporation | Landfill liner leak detection system and method |
US5163315A (en) * | 1990-07-10 | 1992-11-17 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Leak detecting method for vessels |
US5502268A (en) * | 1990-10-22 | 1996-03-26 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of The Environment | Method for sealing of a mass of waste |
US5269172A (en) * | 1991-12-16 | 1993-12-14 | The Dow Chemical Company | Processes and apparatus for the prevention, detection and/or repair of leaks or avenues for leaks from above-ground storage tanks |
US5377307A (en) * | 1992-10-07 | 1994-12-27 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | System and method of global optimization using artificial neural networks |
US5447055A (en) * | 1993-02-09 | 1995-09-05 | Tracer Research Corporation | Automated leak detection apparatus and method |
US5591115A (en) * | 1994-01-12 | 1997-01-07 | K & M Engineering & Consulting Corp. | Barrier for blocking movement of contaminants within an aggregate particulate substrate |
US5635712A (en) * | 1995-05-04 | 1997-06-03 | Halliburton Company | Method for monitoring the hydraulic fracturing of a subterranean formation |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2004027369A2 (fr) * | 2002-09-19 | 2004-04-01 | National Research Council Of Canada | Procede et appareil pour detecter et localiser des fuites de gaz |
WO2004027369A3 (fr) * | 2002-09-19 | 2004-11-18 | Ca Nat Research Council | Procede et appareil pour detecter et localiser des fuites de gaz |
US7430897B2 (en) | 2002-09-19 | 2008-10-07 | National Research Council Of Canada | Method and apparatus for detecting and locating gas leaks |
NL1028074C2 (nl) * | 2005-01-20 | 2006-07-21 | Franciscus Marie De Groot | Opsporen van lekkages. |
GB2500319A (en) * | 2012-03-16 | 2013-09-18 | Prestige Air Technology Ltd | A method of testing the integrity of a barrier |
GB2500319B (en) * | 2012-03-16 | 2018-03-28 | Prestige Air Tech Limited | Method of testing the integrity of a barrier |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU7125998A (en) | 1998-11-11 |
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