Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D71/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans or pop bottles; Bales of material
  • B65D71/06—Packaging elements holding or encircling completely or almost completely the bundle of articles, e.g. wrappers
  • B65D71/12—Packaging elements holding or encircling completely or almost completely the bundle of articles, e.g. wrappers the packaging elements, e.g. wrappers being formed by folding a single blank
  • B65D71/14—Packaging elements holding or encircling completely or almost completely the bundle of articles, e.g. wrappers the packaging elements, e.g. wrappers being formed by folding a single blank having a tubular shape, e.g. tubular wrappers without end walls
  • B65D71/28—Packaging elements holding or encircling completely or almost completely the bundle of articles, e.g. wrappers the packaging elements, e.g. wrappers being formed by folding a single blank having a tubular shape, e.g. tubular wrappers without end walls characterised by the handles
  • B65D71/30—Packaging elements holding or encircling completely or almost completely the bundle of articles, e.g. wrappers the packaging elements, e.g. wrappers being formed by folding a single blank having a tubular shape, e.g. tubular wrappers without end walls characterised by the handles unitary, i.e. integral with the tubular packaging elements
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D2571/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
  • B65D2571/00123—Bundling wrappers or trays
  • B65D2571/00129—Wrapper locking means
  • B65D2571/00135—Wrapper locking means integral with the wrapper
  • B65D2571/00154—Wrapper locking means integral with the wrapper interlocked
  • B65D2571/00185—Wrapper locking means integral with the wrapper interlocked by tabs cut within one end and facing away from the other end when blank is unfolded, and co-operting with openings at the other end
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D2571/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
  • B65D2571/00123—Bundling wrappers or trays
  • B65D2571/00246—Locating elements for the contents
  • B65D2571/00253—Locating elements for the contents integral with the wrapper
  • B65D2571/00259—Locating elements for the contents integral with the wrapper inwardly folded tabs, i.e. elements substantially narrower than the corresponding package dimension
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D2571/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
  • B65D2571/00123—Bundling wrappers or trays
  • B65D2571/00246—Locating elements for the contents
  • B65D2571/00253—Locating elements for the contents integral with the wrapper
  • B65D2571/00277—Slits or openings formed along a fold line
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D2571/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
  • B65D2571/00123—Bundling wrappers or trays
  • B65D2571/00246—Locating elements for the contents
  • B65D2571/0032—Locating elements for the contents inserted the wrapper
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D2571/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
  • B65D2571/00123—Bundling wrappers or trays
  • B65D2571/00432—Handles or suspending means
  • B65D2571/00518—Handles or suspending means with reinforcements
  • B65D2571/0053—Handles or suspending means with reinforcements attached
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D2571/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
  • B65D2571/00123—Bundling wrappers or trays
  • B65D2571/00648—Elements used to form the wrapper
  • B65D2571/00654—Blanks
  • B65D2571/0066—Blanks formed from one single sheet
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D2571/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
  • B65D2571/00123—Bundling wrappers or trays
  • B65D2571/00709—Shape of the formed wrapper, i.e. shape of each formed element if the wrapper is made from more than one element
  • B65D2571/00722—Shape of the formed wrapper, i.e. shape of each formed element if the wrapper is made from more than one element tubular with end walls, e.g. walls not extending on the whole end surface
  • B65D2571/00728—Shape of the formed wrapper, i.e. shape of each formed element if the wrapper is made from more than one element tubular with end walls, e.g. walls not extending on the whole end surface the end walls being closed by gluing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D2571/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
  • B65D2571/00123—Bundling wrappers or trays
  • B65D2571/00709—Shape of the formed wrapper, i.e. shape of each formed element if the wrapper is made from more than one element
  • B65D2571/00722—Shape of the formed wrapper, i.e. shape of each formed element if the wrapper is made from more than one element tubular with end walls, e.g. walls not extending on the whole end surface
  • B65D2571/00765—Shape of the formed wrapper, i.e. shape of each formed element if the wrapper is made from more than one element tubular with end walls, e.g. walls not extending on the whole end surface the end walls being retained in closed position by their own rigidity
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D2571/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
  • B65D2571/00123—Bundling wrappers or trays
  • B65D2571/00833—Other details of wrappers
  • B65D2571/0087—Special features for machine processing, e.g. gripper apertures

Definitions

• the invention relates to an article carrier of the wraparound type adapted to accommodate a plurality of articles, such as bottles and to a blank for forming the carrier.
• a wraparound carrier often comprises a handle means struck from a top panel by which the carrier can be lifted and carried. More often than not, bottles are arranged in rows.
• the present invention provides a handle arrangement which cooperates with handle openings and which provides a reinforcement structure within the handle arrangement to support the articles.
• the reinforcement structure can be held in place by the articles.
• the present invention has a number of advantages over the prior art because reinforcement is provided by a separate blank. This enables carton locking to be achieved at the base allowing such a carton to be erected on standard equipment. Further, as the reinforcement panel is a separate piece, it can be formed of different material, for example, different calliper or uncoated board, thus providing a cost saving.
• said oppositely disposed side walls may taper outwardly towards said base to conform to the shape of said articles.
• the handle openings may each include a foldable tab extending from an upper edge of each of said openings and wherein said tabs are juxtaposed to said reinforcement panel.
• the reinforcement panel includes a pair of side edges, each of the side edges may be disposed adjacent an interior surface of one of the carton side walls. More preferably, there further comprises a pair of side reinforcing panels connected to the reinforcement panel along each side edge thereof, one of the side reinforcing panels being disposed in contact with the interior surface of one of the carton side walls.
• an end closure panel connected to the top panel, which end closure panel is adapted to abut an end portion of the reinforcement panel and/or the side reinforcement panels.
• Another aspect of the present invention provides a method of forming a wraparound carton comprising the steps of grouping a single row of articles, placing a neck portion of said article through said aperture of the reinforcement panel to keep said articles in alignment, folding side panel of said reinforcement beam upwards and outwards, introducing said wraparound carrier to said articles and said reinforcement panel, and forming the carton around said articles.
• a further aspect of the invention provides a blank for forming a wraparound carton which may comprise a top panel, a pair of base panels and a pair of side panels interconnecting said top panel and respective ones of said base panels, wherein a pair of oppositely disposed end closure flaps are hingably connected to said top panel and wherein a handle aperture is struck from each of said side panels.
• a blank for forming a reinforcement beam structure which may comprise a reinforcement panel and a pair of side panels hingably connected to said opposite sides of said reinforcement panel, wherein said reinforcement panel comprises an aperture adapted to receive a neck portion of an article.
• FIGURE 1 is a plan view of an unfolded single blank paperboard from which a wraparound carton according to the invention is formed;
• FIGURE 2 is plan view of an unfolded blank paperboard from which a beam structure according to the invention is formed;
• FIGURE 3 is a perspective view of the construction of the beam structure.
• FIGURE 4 is a perspective view of the erected carton formed from the blanks shown in Figures 1 and 2 viewed from above and one end.
• a carton carrier is formed from a two part blank 10, 80 of paperboard or other suitable foldable sheet material.
• the carrier C is adapted to accommodate three bottles B arranged in a single row.
• this blank 10 includes a first base panel 12, first side panel 14, top panel 16, a second side panel 18, intermediate panel 20 and second base panel 22 hingably connected one to the next along fold lines 24, 26, 28, 30 and 32 respectively.
• Base panel 12 can comprise three spaced triangular apertures 34 positioned intermediate the opposing side edges of base panel 12 being laterally aligned.
• the apertures 34 are used to receive retaining posts to hold the erected carton and articles securely in a crate.
• Three further apertures 36 are struck from base panel 12 extending away from fold line 24 being spaced therefrom.
• the apertures 36 can be used by folding machinery to assist in carton construction: for example, to be used by tightening equipment to tighten the carton prior to securing the base panels.
• a handle aperture 38 is struck from an upper portion of side panel 14.
• the aperture 38 is substantially trapezoidal in shape.
• a tab 40 is struck from the upper edge of aperture 38.
• Tab 40 in this embodiment is curved in shape with two wider portions disposed either side of a narrower central portion in order to conform to the shape of the articles.
• a handle aperture 42 and tab 43 are struck from an upper portion of side panel 18 corresponding in shape and position to aperture 38 and tab 40 of side panel 14.
• an end closure flap 44 is optionally provided, which flap 44 is hingably connected to a side edge of top panel 16 along fold line 46.
• a pair of gusset panels 48, 50 are hingably connected to the opposed lateral edges of end closure flap 44 along extensions of fold lines 26 and 28 respectively.
• Gusset panel 48 is hingably connected to side panel 14 along fold line 52.
• Fold line 52 is in an angular relationship with fold line 26 and extends from the intersection of fold line 46 and fold line 26 to the intersection of the free edges of side panel 14 and gusset panel 48.
• gusset panel 50 is hingably connected to side panel 18 along fold line 54.
• Fold line 54 is in an angular relationship with fold line 28 and extends from the intersection of fold line 46 and fold line 26 to the intersection of the free edges of side panel 18 and gusset panel 50.
• a second end closure flap 56 is struck from the opposing side edge of top panel 16 along fold line 58.
• a pair of gusset panels 60, 62 are hingably connected to end closure flap 56 along extensions of opposing fold lines 26, 28.
• Gusset panel 60 is hingably connected to side panel 14 along fold line 64.
• Fold line 64 is in an angular relationship with fold line 26 and extends from the intersection of fold line 58 and fold line 26 to the intersection of the free edges of side panel 14 and gusset panel 60.
• gusset panel 62 is hingably connected to side panel 18 along fold line 66. Fold line 64 is in an angular relationship with fold line 26 and extends from the intersection of fold line 58 and fold line 28 to the intersection of the free edges of side panel 18 and gusset panel 62.
• bottle engaging and retention means 68 is provided at intermediate panel 20 and base panel 22, comprising a series of flaps struck from and hingably connected to intermediate panel 20 and base panel 22.
• the retention means 68 is disclosed in European patent EP 0 171 229 B and is not, therefore, described in any greater detail.
• the patentee of the aforementioned patent is also the applicant of the present application.
• Base panel 22 comprises three apertures 70 extending from each of respective retention means 68 and can be used by folding machinery to assist in carton construction.
• Base panel 12 and base panel 22 also comprise locking tabs 72 and retaining tabs 74 to enable base panels 12 and 22 to be interengaged as is well known.
• the second part of the blank (or beam blank) 80 illustrated in Figure 2 comprises a first side (or side reinforcing) panel 82, reinforcement panel 84, and second side (or side reinforcing) panel 86 hingably connected one to the next along fold lines 88 and 90 respectively.
• Reinforcement panel 84 corresponds substantially to the width W of the upper portions of side panels 14 and 18.
• Three apertures 92 are struck from reinforcement panel 84 being positioned in a spaced relationship between opposing free edges of reinforcement panel 84.
• first side panel 82 includes three notches 94 being spaced along the free lateral edge of first side panel 82 and positioned to be in alignment with respective ones of apertures 92.
• second side panel 86 can include three notches 96 which are shaped and positioned to correspond with the notch 94 of the first side panel 82.
• the notches may be used to support the bottle caps as shown in Figure 3, and advantageously, reduce the carton thickness required at the cap level.
• corner portions of side panel 82 and 86 are cut away to form intermediate edges 98, 100 between respective end edges and side edges.
• the blanks 10, 80 require a series of sequential folding and, optionally, gluing operations which can be performed in a straight line machine so that the carton is not required to be rotated or inverted to complete its construction.
• the folding process is not limited to that described below and can be altered according to the particular manufacturing requirements.
• bottles are grouped together in a single row of three bottles and the "beam" blank 80 is introduced to the group from above.
• the beam blank 80 is introduced to the bottles by relative vertical movement between the bottles B and the beam blank 80 during forward feed movement, well known in the art by which the bottles B enter their respective apertures 92 on the reinforcement panel 84 until the edges of each aperture 92 are in abutment with a neck portion of each of the respective bottles B.
• a box beam structure 83 is then formed as illustrated in Figure 3.
• First side panel 82 and second side panel 86 are folded about fold lines 88 and 90 respectively into a substantially perpendicular or tapered relationship with reinforcement panel 84 as illustrated in Figure 3.
• side panels 82 and 86 are formed to have a height y selected so that when folded into their upright position, the upper edges 102,104 of side panels 82 and 86 are disposed coplanar with the upper surface of the bottle caps.
• the carton blank is introduced to the bottles B and box beam structure 110.
• the blank is introduced from above.
• the side panels 82, 86 of the beam structure are placed in a face to face relationship with upper portions of the side panels 14, 18 of the carton blank, such that the reinforcement panel 84 substantially aligned with the upper edges of hand apertures 38, 42 with the upper edges of side panels 82 and 86 being in abutment with fold lines 26 and 28 respectively.
• end closure flap 44 and gusset panels 48, 50 are folded about fold lines 46, 52 and 54 respectively such that end closure flap 44 forms a substantially perpendicular relationship with top panel 16.
• Gusset panels 48 and 50 are folded about fold lines 26 and 28 respectively to form a face to face relationship with respective ones of side panels 14 and 18.
• end closure flap 56 and gusset panels 60, 62 are folded about fold lines 58, 64 and 66 respectively such that end closure flap 44 forms a substantially perpendicular relationship with top panel 16.
• Gusset panels 60 and 62 are folded about fold lines 26 and 28 respectively to form a face to face relationship with respective ones of side panels 14 and 18.
• the angle between fold lines 52, 64 and 54, 66 and fold lines 26 and 28 respectively correspond substantially between the angle of intermediate edges 98, 100 and upper edges 102, 104 of side panels 82, 86, thereby preventing lateral movement of the box beam structure 110.
• glue may be applied to the face of gusset flaps 48, 50 and 60, 62 in contact with side panels 14, 18 to hold the end closure flaps 44, 56 in place.
• side panels 82 and 86 may be connected to the side panels 14 and 18 respectively by glue or other means known in the art. In the described embodiment, however, gluing is not necessary because the increasing width of the bottle neck portions prevent downward movement of the box beam structure 110, and the dimensions of various ones of the carton panels are selected to avoid the need for glue. Because side panels 82,86 are of height y, their upper edges 102,104 are disposed against the undersurface of top panel 16, thus preventing upward movement of the reinforcing structure in use.
• end closure flaps 44,56 may be formed with a height y whereby their respective lower edges 116,118 are disposed against the upper surface of reinforcing panel 84 for a similar effect. (End closure flaps 44,56 perform the additional aesthetic function of closing the ends of the tubular reinforcing structure from view.)
• the bottle retaining means 68 is formed and the base panels 12, 22 are folded out of alignment with side panel 14 and 18 respectively such that the bottom portion of the bottles B protrude through the apertures 112 formed by the retaining means and is held in position thereto by the tabs 1 14 of the retaining means, as shown in Figure 4.
• Base panels 12 and 22 are brought into an overlapping relationship and connected together by locking tabs 72, 74. It will be recognised that alternatively the base panels may be secured together by gluing.
• handle tabs 40, 43 of carton C are folded out of alignment with side panels 14 and 18 respectively and folded into a face to face relationship with reinforcement panel 84 to further secure the beam structure and carton as shown in
• FIG. 4 of the drawings and to enable a users hand to grip the handle structure H. It will readily be seen that the invention is not limited to the three-bottle carton as disclosed herein, but that cartons for various quantities of bottles (or other primary containers) may be made in accordance with the invention. In particular, it should be noted that the invention may also be used for cartons for packaging bottles in two rows. It is anticipated that the invention can be applied to a variety of carriers.
• the present invention and its preferred embodiments relate to an article carrier which is shaped to provide satisfactory strength to hold bottles securely but with a degree of flexibility so that load transferred to the handle is absorbed by the carrier.
• the shape of the blank minimises the amount of paperboard required and the carrier can be applied to an array of bottles by hand or automatic machinery.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Packages (AREA)
• Control And Other Processes For Unpacking Of Materials (AREA)
• Wrappers (AREA)
• Container Filling Or Packaging Operations (AREA)
• Supplying Of Containers To The Packaging Station (AREA)
• Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
• Input Circuits Of Receivers And Coupling Of Receivers And Audio Equipment (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Cartons (AREA)

Priority Applications (6)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=10809669

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (11)

Citations (2)

• 1997
  • 1997-03-21 GB GBGB9705939.8A patent/GB9705939D0/en active Pending
• 1998
  • 1998-03-13 DK DK98911657T patent/DK0971846T3/da active
  • 1998-03-13 AU AU65564/98A patent/AU6556498A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1998-03-13 DE DE69803835T patent/DE69803835T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1998-03-13 EP EP98911657A patent/EP0971846B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-03-13 PT PT98911657T patent/PT971846E/pt unknown
  • 1998-03-13 RO RO99-00768A patent/RO119874B1/ro unknown
  • 1998-03-13 WO PCT/US1998/005052 patent/WO1998042588A1/en active IP Right Grant
  • 1998-03-13 ES ES98911657T patent/ES2172876T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-03-13 AT AT98911657T patent/ATE213219T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1998-03-19 ZA ZA982354A patent/ZA982354B/xx unknown

Patent Citations (2)

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