WO1998033085A1 - Pantalla para la reproduccion de imagenes en tres dimensiones - Google Patents
Pantalla para la reproduccion de imagenes en tres dimensiones Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998033085A1 WO1998033085A1 PCT/ES1997/000010 ES9700010W WO9833085A1 WO 1998033085 A1 WO1998033085 A1 WO 1998033085A1 ES 9700010 W ES9700010 W ES 9700010W WO 9833085 A1 WO9833085 A1 WO 9833085A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- images
- reproduction
- screen
- projection
- image
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0093—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 with means for monitoring data relating to the user, e.g. head-tracking, eye-tracking
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/20—Image signal generators
- H04N13/204—Image signal generators using stereoscopic image cameras
- H04N13/239—Image signal generators using stereoscopic image cameras using two 2D image sensors having a relative position equal to or related to the interocular distance
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
- G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
- G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
- G02B30/27—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving lenticular arrays
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B35/00—Stereoscopic photography
- G03B35/18—Stereoscopic photography by simultaneous viewing
- G03B35/24—Stereoscopic photography by simultaneous viewing using apertured or refractive resolving means on screens or between screen and eye
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/20—Image signal generators
- H04N13/204—Image signal generators using stereoscopic image cameras
- H04N13/243—Image signal generators using stereoscopic image cameras using three or more 2D image sensors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/20—Image signal generators
- H04N13/275—Image signal generators from 3D object models, e.g. computer-generated stereoscopic image signals
- H04N13/279—Image signal generators from 3D object models, e.g. computer-generated stereoscopic image signals the virtual viewpoint locations being selected by the viewers or determined by tracking
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
- H04N13/305—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using lenticular lenses, e.g. arrangements of cylindrical lenses
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
- H04N13/32—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using arrays of controllable light sources; using moving apertures or moving light sources
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/349—Multi-view displays for displaying three or more geometrical viewpoints without viewer tracking
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/366—Image reproducers using viewer tracking
- H04N13/376—Image reproducers using viewer tracking for tracking left-right translational head movements, i.e. lateral movements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/366—Image reproducers using viewer tracking
- H04N13/38—Image reproducers using viewer tracking for tracking vertical translational head movements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/20—Image signal generators
- H04N13/204—Image signal generators using stereoscopic image cameras
- H04N13/246—Calibration of cameras
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/20—Image signal generators
- H04N13/286—Image signal generators having separate monoscopic and stereoscopic modes
- H04N13/289—Switching between monoscopic and stereoscopic modes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/20—Image signal generators
- H04N13/296—Synchronisation thereof; Control thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/324—Colour aspects
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/327—Calibration thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/332—Displays for viewing with the aid of special glasses or head-mounted displays [HMD]
- H04N13/334—Displays for viewing with the aid of special glasses or head-mounted displays [HMD] using spectral multiplexing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/332—Displays for viewing with the aid of special glasses or head-mounted displays [HMD]
- H04N13/337—Displays for viewing with the aid of special glasses or head-mounted displays [HMD] using polarisation multiplexing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/332—Displays for viewing with the aid of special glasses or head-mounted displays [HMD]
- H04N13/341—Displays for viewing with the aid of special glasses or head-mounted displays [HMD] using temporal multiplexing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/363—Image reproducers using image projection screens
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/30—Image reproducers
- H04N13/398—Synchronisation thereof; Control thereof
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an intelligent screen for the reproduction of images in three dimensions, and more specifically to a system capable of reproducing images in three dimensions, that is, stereoscopic, three-dimensional or integral, without glasses, or any other device. before the eyes of the observer.
- holographic systems Regardless of the systems developed since 1947 based on the formation of images through interference of coherent beams of light called holographic systems, the rest of the systems among which is described in the present invention will be classified into one of the following groups: stereoscopic, three-dimensional and integral.
- stereoscopic is used here to designate systems that use only two different images in reproduction, one for each eye.
- the three-dimensional term is used to designate the systems that employ in the reproduction, a number superior to two of images and that allow the observation with parallax within a wide horizontal angle of view without needing to bother the observers putting any artifice before the eyes .
- integral is used to designate systems that employ a large number of images in reproduction allowing observation with horizontal and vertical parallax within a wide viewing angle.
- the first solution was proposed by D'Almeida in 1858. Its solution was to place a rotating shutter in front of the observer, so that it interrupted the passage of light to one eye or another alternately, the glasses should be synchronized with the projector that successively projected the images of the left and right eye. Noise, mechanical complication and electrical risk caused this procedure to be abandoned.
- An updated version of this procedure is to place a liquid crystal in front of each eye that prevents the passage of light to one eye while allowing the other and in synchronism with that alternation the images are projected.
- the method was patented by Anderton in 1891 and did not become commercially practicable until 45 years later when E.H. Land invented the polaroid in the US
- the polaroid is a sheet of relatively cheap polarized plastic material.
- the procedure consists in projecting the image of one eye through a linearly polarized filter in a direction perpendicular to the filter used for the other eye.
- the images projected on a metallic screen that diffuses the light without depolarizing are observed by each viewer with a filter in each polarized eye in directions parallel to the filters of the projectors.
- the screen essentially consists of a series of opaque slats separated by a distance equal to its width and mounted in front of a diffusing surface. This device is called a trace.
- the images corresponding to the right and left eye are projected on the screen from projectors separated by a suitable distance and the trail cuts the images into vertical strips.
- the spectators must sit in a position such that the trail hides one image from one eye and allows the observation of the other.
- This system has several drawbacks, among which it is worth highlighting its low light output and that observers must keep their heads absolutely still.
- the maximum orthoscopic viewing angle is limited by the opening angle of the converging cylindrical components of the frame. In reproduction rooms with viewing angles greater than the previous one, these systems are not satisfactory.
- the amount of information handled by these three-dimensional systems depends on the number of images reproduced. Since the maximum viewing angle is limited, the maximum number of images depends on the minimum angle that each of them occupies. This number is limited by the optical quality of the component cylindrical elements of the frame and in practice it is insufficient for quality reproductions with remote observers.
- the angle of orthoscopic vision is not limited, being able to reach 180 °; nor the number of images that can be used. For these reasons the system is suitable for playback rooms with any angle and any viewing distance.
- the author of this invention describes in his PCT / ES96 / 00092, a device for reproducing three-dimensional images without the use of lenticular frames.
- the different images are reproduced by transparency sequentially and appear supported on a liquid crystal that is observed through a special illumination.
- European patent 0.576.106 Al of Eichenland describes a configuration device analogous to that of David Ezra.
- its lighting and targeting system can be used for a large number of observers. It also uses a very small number of two-dimensional images and this is possible because the focusing system manages to direct the corresponding image to the left eye, to all the left eyes of the observers and similarly for the image corresponding to the right eye.
- the size of the reproduced image is that of the electronic reproduction element itself.
- German patents 4,123,895 of D. Dieter and European patent 0.114.406 of Meacham, G.B. Kirby, describe another device for reproducing three-dimensional images without the use of lenticular frames that achieves three-dimensional reproduction for a large number of observers and a reduced number of images.
- the different images are projected sequentially on a conventional diffusing surface and are observed through a shutter panel preferably made of liquid crystal that is sufficiently separated from the observer so as not to cause discomfort.
- the invention of integral photography is due to M.G. Lippman in 1908.
- the device he devised consists of a sheet composed of a huge number of converging lenses. A different image is captured behind each of these lenses. The vision of these images through the same lenses reproduces the scene with both horizontal and vertical parallax in pseudoscopic form. A second capture of this pseudoscopic scene would allow the orthoscopic vision of the first scene. In this device it is advisable that the lenses and the film are part of the same set so that they are held rigidly together throughout the process and thus avoid difficult adjustments.
- This system suffers from the logical inconveniences derived from the fact that the lenses used are very small and consequently the size of the images captured by each one of them as well. It is also necessary to control the aperture of each lens so that it does not flood the field of acquisition or reproduction of neighboring lenses. For all the above the designs have been complex and virtually impossible to market even for static images.
- the device described in this invention solves these drawbacks.
- This invention takes advantage of the ability of integral devices to send a different image to each eye but unlike traditional integral devices the image sent to all left eyes of all eyes. observers can be the same and in the same way the image sent to all the right eyes, thus achieving that the amount of information that is necessary to capture, process and then provide in the reproduction is very small.
- the integral reproduction device designed in this way will consist of a panel of conventional projection lenses and two lenticular frames perpendicular to each other, or a panel of rectangular lenses adjacent to each other whose projection is performed without the need for a lenticular type optical support .
- an electronic image reproduction element is located behind each projection objective and the image is projected in front of the objective grid. That is, the image that is observed is formed by projection on a double lenticular frame or in the air.
- the image is formed by projection and therefore cannot be observed directly on the electronic image player as in the devices mentioned in the background designed by Ezra and Eicheland.
- the device object of this invention is constituted by the same elements as those described above in the aforementioned patents and patent application of the same author but differs from these in the way of reproducing the two-dimensional images on the electronic reproduction element. In the previous devices a different image is reproduced behind each projection lens. In the device object of this invention, only the information corresponding to very few images is reproduced, two if the system is stereoscopic and one or several tens if the system is designed as three-dimensional or integral to allow observers to move their heads without needing Know the position of it at all times.
- each two-dimensional image occupies the entire electronic reproduction element.
- all images are reproduced simultaneously in each electronic reproduction element for which each image occupies a number of different places than those occupied by the other images.
- reproduction devices must fulfill is that of sending a different image to each eye of each observer.
- the observation angle is the angle under which the optical centers of the observer's eyes are seen furthest from said focusing plane from the geometric center of this plane.
- the angle of reproduction is the angle at which the optical centers of two contiguous projection lenses are seen from the geometric center of the anterior focusing plane. It can be demonstrated mathematically without difficulty that when the observation angle is greater than the reproduction angle, the projection objective panel is capable of directing a different image to each eye of any observer regardless of the size of the entrance pupil of each projection objective that it can have a width equal to the distance between optical centers of two contiguous projection lenses.
- the design conditions allow the focusing plane to be placed anywhere, either in front of or behind the projector lens panel.
- the observation angle is determined by the distance to this plane from the farthest observer and by the distance between your eyes.
- the maximum size of the electronic reproduction element behind each projector lens will be limited by this distance between the optical centers of the adjacent projection lenses.
- This size of the electronic reproduction element should be sufficient to contain at least a number of horizontal and vertical pixels equal to the number of possible eyes in both directions.
- the size of the electronic reproduction element should be increased, for which the distance between the focusing plane and the projection objective panel must be increased.
- the device will be able to direct a different image to any of the eyes of each observer.
- each projection lens will form an image on the plane occupied by the electronic reproduction element for each light source. That is, as many images from this single source as objectives will be formed.
- the electronic reproduction element illuminates a sector that occupies the same space as in the previous process occupied the image of the point light source and if an observer locates the optical center of one from your eyes in the place that formerly occupied the geometric center of the light source you will see the entire illuminated target panel.
- each electronic reproduction element instead of the simple uniformly illuminated space above, its illumination and color are modulated with the information that would correspond to the piece of image that that eye should observe, in the place occupied by the corresponding rectangular objective, the observer will see by that eye a single image reproduced on the entire objective panel.
- the device object of this invention has the advantage that:.
- the size of the reproduced image is independent of the size of the electronic playback element
- the number of different two-dimensional images to reproduce is not limited by the performance of the reproductive element
- the electronic element can reproduce the images by diffusion or by transparency, being able to use any type of electronic reproduction device, either reproduce by transparency or diffusion.
- the device described here in addition to what was said in the previous paragraph, can be used for any number of observers.
- the device described here in addition to what has been said above, offers the advantage of being much simpler in its geometric configuration.
- the process by which the information of each image is directed to the places located in the electronic reproduction elements in correspondence with the situation of the eyes of the observers is carried out by a computer.
- the previous computer must know the coordinates that place each of the observer's eyes in space.
- This initial data entry could be done manually, however, optionally in the device object of this invention, two cameras located at the top of the rectangular lens panel can be used. One on the left and one on the right.
- a single light source is placed at a time, in the place that an observer's eye will occupy.
- the cameras will be able to determine the x and y coordinates, and by means of the parallax between the images of the two cameras the z coordinate.
- a simple calculation will determine the x 'e y' coordinates, corresponding in each of the electronic reproduction elements of each projection target and each light source.
- the computer will be able to send the information of the left eye to the places already determined (x 'e y') in each electronic reproduction element and corresponding to all possible left eyes of all the observers, similarly it will proceed for the corresponding image to the right eye
- Different environmental parameters such as vibrations, temperature and atmospheric pressure can alter the geometry of the projection lens panel to produce a mismatch of sufficient magnitude so that the light rays do not go to the places previously introduced in the computer as occupied by the eyes of the observers.
- four cameras may optionally be placed in the space occupied by the observers. These cameras direct their field of vision towards the panel of projection lenses.
- the system consisting of a panel of projection lenses and an electronic image player will send as a control signal the signal corresponding to a uniformly illuminated image to each of these cameras as if they were the eyes of an observer.
- the projection lens panel always remains perfectly adjusted whatever the environmental and usage conditions.
- the device object of this invention solves this mismatch of two different ways. In the first place and since in the device object of this invention the different two-dimensional images are reproduced each of them in a different place from the electronic reproduction element, it does not need high refresh rate performance.
- the first solution is to make a three-dimensional or integral system.
- These systems allow the observer to move within an angle of vision. Assuming that the observer can only move in a space, for example in a movie theater limited by the width of his chair, the viewing angle can be covered with about ten different two-dimensional images for a three-dimensional system and with approximately double For an integral system.
- the entire space can be covered from the left end to the right end within which each observer can move freely in his armchair.
- a three-dimensional or integral reproduction system analogous to that described in the German Dieter patent is achieved in terms of the number of images required in reproduction but with the advantage over that of not requiring high refresh rates or installation in the room projection of a shutter panel for each observer.
- the three-dimensional and integral systems described in this invention offer the possibility of reproducing a different parallax for each observation distance, thus avoiding the deformation in depth or third dimension mentioned in the foregoing. tes.
- the second solution is to keep the computer informed in real time of the location of the observer's head.
- the computer once informed that an observer has moved his head changes depending on this movement in each electronic player element of each projector lens, the place where the left and right images corresponding to said observer are reproduced.
- the size of the reproduced image, in the device described in this invention since it is a conventional projection, does not depend on the size of the electronic reproduction element and therefore can be any.
- the device object of this invention is capable of reproducing images in three dimensions for any number of observers and whatever their location without requiring the use of any device before their eyes and has a panel of projection lenses whose distance between centers Optics of two contiguous horizontal objectives is determined by the horizontal reproduction angle necessary to provide a different image to each eye of each observer and the distance between two vertical projection lenses is determined by the vertical reproduction angle, this panel being able to perform with objectives conventional in which case the projection is performed on a double lenticular frame, or with objectives whose entrance pupil is shaped rectangular, the vertical and horizontal sides of the adjacent rectangles being in contact with each other and without gaps between them, in which case the projection is carried out directly in the air without any material support, characterized in that behind each objective an electronic element of reproduction, governed by sufficient computer means to send the signal with the information of the different images simultaneously to all the places specially located in this electronic element, such that the projection objectives, arranged to focus all the images in the same plane, send the light beams, with the information of each image, to the points where it is possible to place
- two cameras can be placed in the upper left and right vertices of the objective panel and whose field of vision covers all the space occupied by observers and
- FIGS 1, 2 and 3 show integral reproduction devices claimed in other previous patents of the same author.
- FIG 4 the image formation of a light source in a system as described in figures 1 and 2 is shown.
- Figure 8 a second generalization of Figure 7 is shown. Several light sources are used.
- Figure 10 shows the cameras used to inform the computer in real time of the mismatches produced in the objective panel.
- Figures 1, 2 and 3 are not the subject of this invention and serve as an introduction to show the operation of the reproduction devices integral based on angular differentiation of images.
- Figures 1 and 2 show the device operating with lenticular frames and Figure 3 without lenticular frames.
- Figure 1 shows the three set of essential and necessary elements to show the operation of the system.
- a series of n x m Pij projectors grouped in m rows and n columns with their corresponding Oij objectives.
- the optical centers of the horizontal objectives are equidistant from each other, similarly the optical centers of the vertical objectives. These objectives are found at the vertices of a rectangular grid.
- Each projector is powered by an F.A. via a manually operated Eij switch. A different image is placed on each projector that can be photographed or electronically supported.
- each projector has been equipped with a liquid crystal Fij fed each of them from a single computer, COMP.
- the signal with the information content of each image is called Sij.
- optical system composed of two parallel lenticular frames is shown. Although in this figure these frames have been drawn convergent, they can be both divergent or one convergent and another divergent.
- the first lenticular plot 2.2.1. of vertical cylindrical elements has a horizontal aperture determined by an angle of the same value as the angle under which the inner edges of the pupils of two adjacent horizontal targets are seen, being determined by two lines that pass through the geometric center of the plot and each of them by the inner edge of the pupils of two contiguous projection targets simulated in a horizontal line;
- the second lenticular plot 2.2.2. of horizontal cylindrical elements has a vertical opening determined by the angle under which the inner edges of the pupils of two adjacent vertical targets are seen, this being determined by two lines that pass through the geometric center of the frame and each of them by the inner edge of the pupils of two adjacent projection targets located in a vertical line.
- This transparent surface is the place where all the projected images are focused through each of the Pij projectors. In this figure two different points of observation are also represented 1.4.1. and 1.4.2.
- Figure 2 shows the projection through the Pij projector of the Fij image. For this, only the Eij switch must be activated.
- the image formed in Fij by the Sikh signal from the computer is projected and focused on the transparent surface 1.3.1. From the observation point 1.4.1. only the rectangle named in Figure Iij 1 will be seen from that image. Analogously from point 1.4.2. the rectangle Iij2 will be seen.
- the optical effect is the same as that which would produce the projection from an objective whose optical projection system or its entrance pupil had the shape of a rectangle whose width was equal to the distance between two optical centers of two contiguous horizontal projection objectives and of height equal to the distance between the optical centers of two adjacent vertical lenses and at the same time the lenticular frames were suppressed.
- the relationship between the width and height of the rectangles Iijl and Iij2, is the same as the ratio between the distance between the optical centers of two contiguous horizontal projection lenses and the distance between the optical centers of two contiguous vertical projection objectives.
- Both rectangles Iijl and Iij2, of the projected image correspond to two pieces, also rectangular, of the Fij image on the electronic reproduction support.
- Figure 3 shows an integral reproduction system without the use of lenticular frames. It details the three set of essential and necessary elements to explain the operation of an integral reproduction system.
- the optical centers of the rectangular lenses are equidistant from each other, similarly the optical centers of the vertical lenses. These optical centers are located at the vertices of a rectangular grid.
- each projector lens there is a different image that can be supported on a photographic film or on an electronic support.
- behind each projector lens there is an electronic element that generates Fij diffusion images, each powered by a single COMP computer.
- This transparent surface is the place where the images generated in the electronic reproduction element are focused through the rectangular objectives.
- the reproduction angle r formed by two lines has also been represented, which both pass through the geometric center of the focusing plane 1.3.1. each of them passes through the midpoints of the R1R3 and R2R4 segments, which determine the left and right edges of the projection Rij lens.
- This figure also shows two different points of observation 1.4.1. and 1.4.2. corresponding to the right and left eyes of an observer located at a distance dO of the plane 1.3.1. of targeting
- the angle of observation corresponding to said observer has been called O in said figure and is the angle formed by two lines that pass both through the geometric center of the focusing plane and each of them through the optical center of each of the eyes of the observer.
- the design condition as explained above is that the observation angle O must be greater than or equal to that of reproduction r, a necessary and sufficient condition for every observer to see a different image with each eye. This condition is met for all observers if it is fulfilled for the observer with the lowest observation angle that will be the furthest from the focus plane.
- the device object of this invention can be constituted by a series of conventional projection objectives and a double lenticular frame as shown in figures 1 and 2, or by a series of objectives whose entrance pupil is rectangular in shape with the vertical and horizontal sides being of the contiguous objectives in contact with each other and without a gap between them as shown in figure 3. Only for simplicity has this figure 3 been chosen as the basis for the explanation of the rest of the operation but it should be understood that it could also be done with figures 1 or 2.
- the device object of this invention also coincides with those described in Figures 1, 2 and 3 in which an element capable of generating images electronically is placed behind each projection objective regardless of whether, by transparency and uniform illumination, or by diffusion such as CRT, plasma, projectors on translucent or opaque diffuser screen, etc.
- Figure 4 shows the formation of the Fijl image behind each of the projector objectives of a single point light source 1.4.1. that acts as the object of these converging optical systems.
- Each projection lens together with the double lenticular weave create an image of this object, the geometric center of this image is determined by the intersection of the line that joins the light spot 1.4.1. and the optical center of the projection lens with the plane occupied by the electronic image player element.
- Figure 5 shows the formation of the Fijl image behind each of the rectangular projector lenses of a single light source 1.4.1. which acts as the object of these converging optical systems.
- Each rectangular projection lens creates an image of this object, the geometric center of this image is determined by the intersection of the line that joins the light spot 1.4.1. and the optical center of the projection lens with the plane occupied by the electronic image player element.
- Figure 6 shows the inverse process to that shown in Figure 5.
- the Fijl sectors that now act as the object of the projection objectives occupy the same geometric positions on the electronic reproduction element Fij as in Figure 5 occupied the Fijl images .
- the system directs all the light rays emitted by the electronic reproduction element through the projection lenses to the focal point 1.4.1. which occupies the same place that formerly occupied the light source 1.4.1. in figure 5.
- Figure 7 is a first generalization of Figure 6. This figure shows the formation in the space of two luminous points 1.4.1. and 1.4.2. which may correspond to the left and right eyes of an observer. For this, an analogous process is followed for section 1.4.2. which was followed in figure 5 with the focal point 1.4.1.
- Figure 8 is a second generalization of Figure 6. This figure shows the formation in space of a set greater than two of luminous points, each pair being able to represent the mimicry of a pair of eyes belonging to a different observer . Operating in this reverse way the panel of rectangular lenses is capable of generating as many specific images as there are eyes, whatever their number. To perform this operation, the computer only needs to govern the simulation of each of the rectangular Fijk sectors.
- the computer modulates the light emission of said sectors with the color and luminosity corresponding to the luminosity and color that each Rij sector would have if the image corresponding to the left eye of the observer was formed on the projectors objective panel, All observers will see through their left eye precisely this single image.
- Figure 9 shows the DE1 and DE2 cameras located on the upper left and right edges of the rectangular lens panel that are used to supply the data to the computer with the viewer's eye simated.
- the field of vision of these cameras covers all the space occupied by the observers.
- each of these cameras forms an image for each of the possible situations of a point light source.
- the point light source When entering data into the computer, the point light source must be simulated in the place of one of the observer's eyes. With the situation of the image of this light source in each of the DE1 and DE2 cameras, the computer will know the parallax and therefore the situation in the observation space of said source. A very simple calculation will allow you to know the status of the image of said source in each of the liquid crystals components of the panel. In the same way, the rest of the locations of all the eyes of all the observers will proceed. Once this operation is completed, the computer will have stored the coordinates in each electronic reproduction element of all possible eye locations of all observers. Yes the eyes of these observers remain motionless, the computer by controlling the images of the light-emitting sectors of each reproductive element will be able to make each eye of each observer see the image that corresponds to it.
- Figure 10 shows four CC1, CC2, CC3 and CC4 cameras located approximately at the four extreme edges of the observation space in front of the panel of projection rectangles.
- the field of vision of each of these cameras covers the surface occupied by the panel, of projection rectangles.
- the computer When entering data through cameras DE1 and DE2, the computer is also informed of the situation in the observation space of the optical centers of the objectives of said cameras. During playback, the computer will send a uniformly illuminated image to each of these cameras. For this purpose, it illuminates the four rectangles CC'l, CC'2, CC'3 and CC'4 uniformly on each Fij reproduction element.
- the rectangle panel is reproducing images these four cameras inform the computer in real time of the imbalances that occur in each rectangular projector component of the panel.
- the computer will modify the situation of the images corresponding to these cameras in each of the mismatched projectors objectives, returning the panel to the initial simulation. Knowing the modification executed in each image of each camera in the liquid crystal of the mismatched projector will modify in the same proportion the sublimation of the rest of the images corresponding to all eyes. In this way the rectangle panel remains always adjusted and the images sent always focus on the places occupied by the eyes.
- Figure 11 shows the use of the device object of this invention in three-dimensional reproduction.
- the device object of this invention has been used in stereoscopic reproduction systems, that is, with only two images.
- observers although they may be located anywhere previously informed to the computer in the "data entry" operation, must remain motionless in that location.
- the device object of this invention can also be used for three-dimensional reproduction with a viewing angle that may be limited by the space within which the observer can move freely.
- Figure 12 shows different panels of rectangles corresponding to three different observation distances dOl the furthest, d02 the intermediate and d03 the closest. In all three cases, the angle at which each image rectangle is seen from the geometric center of the focusing plane 1.3.1. is the same. With this design, deformation in the third dimension suffered by stereoscopic systems is avoided.
- the device must be designed with the new angle of observation that results from this new distance.
- Figure 13 shows a diagram of the operation of the device object of this invention functioning as integral reproduction systems.
- the field of view of each observer has been represented by a panel of squares vlv2, v3v4 vk-lvk, in which each inner square represents a different image.
- the images reproduced in the places determined by the square panels v'lv'2, v'3v'4 .... v'k-lv'k will appear on the electronic reproduction medium.
- Figure 14 shows different square panels corresponding to three different observation distances dOl the furthest, d02 the intermediate and d03 the closest. In all three cases the angle at which each square of image is seen from the geometric center of the focusing plane 1.3.1. is the same. With this design, deformation in the third dimension suffered by stereoscopic systems is avoided.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/ES1997/000010 WO1998033085A1 (es) | 1997-01-22 | 1997-01-22 | Pantalla para la reproduccion de imagenes en tres dimensiones |
EP97903386A EP1008887A1 (en) | 1997-01-22 | 1997-01-22 | Display screen for three-dimensional images |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/ES1997/000010 WO1998033085A1 (es) | 1997-01-22 | 1997-01-22 | Pantalla para la reproduccion de imagenes en tres dimensiones |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998033085A1 true WO1998033085A1 (es) | 1998-07-30 |
Family
ID=8297778
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/ES1997/000010 WO1998033085A1 (es) | 1997-01-22 | 1997-01-22 | Pantalla para la reproduccion de imagenes en tres dimensiones |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1008887A1 (es) |
WO (1) | WO1998033085A1 (es) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001088598A3 (en) * | 2000-05-19 | 2002-08-22 | Tibor Balogh | Method and apparatus for displaying 3d images |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU2005332290B2 (en) * | 2004-05-26 | 2011-05-12 | Tibor Balogh | Method and apparatus for generating 3D images |
DE102006033548B4 (de) * | 2006-07-20 | 2009-07-09 | Seereal Technologies S.A. | Steuerbare Beleuchtungseinrichtung für ein autostereoskopisches Display |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0576106A1 (en) * | 1992-06-10 | 1993-12-29 | Dimension Technologies, Inc. | Autostereoscopic display |
EP0656555A1 (en) * | 1993-12-01 | 1995-06-07 | SHARP Corporation | Display for 3D images |
US5493427A (en) * | 1993-05-25 | 1996-02-20 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Three-dimensional display unit with a variable lens |
WO1996022660A1 (en) * | 1995-01-20 | 1996-07-25 | Reveo, Inc. | Intelligent method and system for producing and displaying stereoscopically-multiplexed images in virtual reality environments |
-
1997
- 1997-01-22 WO PCT/ES1997/000010 patent/WO1998033085A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-01-22 EP EP97903386A patent/EP1008887A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0576106A1 (en) * | 1992-06-10 | 1993-12-29 | Dimension Technologies, Inc. | Autostereoscopic display |
US5493427A (en) * | 1993-05-25 | 1996-02-20 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Three-dimensional display unit with a variable lens |
EP0656555A1 (en) * | 1993-12-01 | 1995-06-07 | SHARP Corporation | Display for 3D images |
WO1996022660A1 (en) * | 1995-01-20 | 1996-07-25 | Reveo, Inc. | Intelligent method and system for producing and displaying stereoscopically-multiplexed images in virtual reality environments |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001088598A3 (en) * | 2000-05-19 | 2002-08-22 | Tibor Balogh | Method and apparatus for displaying 3d images |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1008887A1 (en) | 2000-06-14 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US5430474A (en) | Autostereoscopic imaging system | |
TW571120B (en) | Three-dimensional display method and its device | |
US7180663B2 (en) | 3D motion picture theatre | |
ES2546929T3 (es) | Método de corrección de imágenes para compensar la distorsión de la imagen del punto de vista | |
US5614941A (en) | Multi-image autostereoscopic imaging system | |
US4799739A (en) | Real time autostereoscopic displays using holographic diffusers | |
US9148658B2 (en) | Light-based caustic surface calibration | |
US6055100A (en) | Doublet based large aperture free space imaging system | |
US2403733A (en) | Stereoscopic optical system | |
Yoshida et al. | Light-field generation by several screen types for glasses-free tabletop 3D display | |
TW200933195A (en) | Autostereoscopic display | |
US20030137730A1 (en) | Autostereoscopic display | |
WO2002075434A1 (es) | Sistema para la reproduccion de imagenes en tres dimensiones | |
CN110174773A (zh) | 一种基于集成成像的2d/3d兼容显示装置 | |
US20220082853A1 (en) | Display device | |
CN102262346A (zh) | 用以显示多重视角影像的显示装置 | |
US3820873A (en) | Screen for producing an enhanced impression of depth | |
WO2003048840A1 (es) | Doble barrera de paralaje activa para la vision de imagenes estereoscopicas | |
WO1997025819A1 (es) | Sistema estereoscopico electronico | |
WO2019017812A1 (ru) | Стереодисплей (варианты) | |
US20160057408A1 (en) | Vibrating Grid Based 3D Space Visualization Device | |
WO1998033085A1 (es) | Pantalla para la reproduccion de imagenes en tres dimensiones | |
US3792914A (en) | Apparatus for the production of a wide-angle image | |
JPS59210436A (ja) | 3次元投影装置 | |
US4509835A (en) | Three dimensional cinema and novel projector system therefore |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): US |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE |
|
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 09359180 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1997903386 Country of ref document: EP |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: CA |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1997903386 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Ref document number: 1997903386 Country of ref document: EP |