WO1998032970A1 - Method for preventing filters from blocking - Google Patents
Method for preventing filters from blocking Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998032970A1 WO1998032970A1 PCT/FI1998/000067 FI9800067W WO9832970A1 WO 1998032970 A1 WO1998032970 A1 WO 1998032970A1 FI 9800067 W FI9800067 W FI 9800067W WO 9832970 A1 WO9832970 A1 WO 9832970A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- compressor
- air
- radiation
- filter
- suction
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
- F04B39/16—Filtration; Moisture separation
Definitions
- the invention is related to a method for preventing the formation of ice and/or white frost that causes blocking of the air filter of a compressor when cold air is conducted through the filter to the compressor.
- radiation is used to prevent the formation of ice and/or white frost in the filter.
- the humidity contained by the air is crystallised into ice or white frost on the surface of the filter, blocking the filter, preventing air from flowing, and increasing the flow resistance of the filter.
- the blocking of suction filters as a result of freezing causes severe disturbances to the operation of the compressors.
- the blocking of suction filters causes excess build-up of heat which causes disturbances in operation.
- the compressor is provided with an air filter on the suction face thereof.
- a centrifugal compressor has a certain operating coefficient, a pressure ratio, and a pumping limit, characteristic to each compressor, and the compressor should function within the limits of these factors.
- the pressure ratio is the absolute pressure of the pressure face divided by the absolute pressure of the suction face. If the suction filter is blocked or frozen or white frost is formed on it, the suction head decreases relatively quickly and the pressure ratio increases according to the following formula:
- the pressure on the pressure face (abs) the pressure ratio.
- the suction head (abs) the pressure ratio.
- the pressure ratio increases so that the pumping limit is exceeded, the capability of the compressor to increase pressure deteriorates quickly and the compressed air on the pressure face of the compressor is discharged backwards through the compressor.
- the pressure in the suction pipe increases, the pressure ratio decreases, and a quick air flow to the right direction takes place.
- a situation is created where the air current through the compressor is converted into a reciprocal current which very quickly changes directions.
- the compressor has now gone into a pumping state. In the pumping state, great changes in the amount of air and the power required take place in the compressor. They are hazardous, not only to the compressor itself, but also to other devices, to the extent where these devices can be broken and disturbances can be caused to the actual process.
- the minimum temperature of the suction air conducted to the filter should be +2 - +5 °C before the filter and, in practice, the suction air should be kept at about +5 °C for safety reasons.
- filters are prevented from freezing by preheating the filtered air to the temperature of +2 - +5 °C, for example, by using steam heaters or hot water heaters; by conducting air which is preheated in an industrial hall from the hall to the filter; by conducting air which is heated in the compressor from the pressure face of the compressor to the suction filter; or by preheating the air in a separate heater.
- ammonia salts cause, not only blocking of the suction filter and, as a consequence, increased pressure loss and, furthermore, energy losses, but also an increased need to clean the process devices.
- the factoiy must be stopped for the time of washing, whereby the mnning degree decreases.
- Patent publication US 5 134 266 describes a method for de-icing solid surfaces, such as aeroplanes, rockets, etc. by conducting air heated by radiation to the frozen surfaces.
- Patent publication JP 8193435 in turn discloses an infrared heat radiator which can be used for de-icing and for preventing the formation of ice on building sites, streets, railroads, etc.
- the wavelength emitted by the invention in question is 3 to 25 micrometer.
- patent publication US 5 417 389 describes a device which generates infrared radiation and a method which can be used to de-ice the surfaces of aeroplanes.
- the invention is related to a method for preventing the formation of ice and/or white frost in an air filter of a compressor and, possibly, on other surfaces when cold air is conducted through the said filter to the compressor with the intention of increasing the capacity of the compressor; in the method, radiation is exerted on the air to be filtered and/or on the surface of the filter to prevent the formation of ice and/or white frost; the radiation does not essentially increase the temperature of the air which is conducted to the compressor.
- the method according to the invention makes it possible to conduct cold air through the filter to the compressor without preheating it and without causing formation of ice and/or white frost in the filter. It is advantageous to use cold air in the compressor because it makes it possible to increase the capacity of the compressor. According to the invention, an increase in the capacity of the compressor is achieved, which is directly proportional to the decrease in the temperature of the air conducted to the compressor.
- the temperature of the air conducted to the compressor is 0 °C or less than 0 °C.
- radiation of a wavelength within 800 nm to 300 mm can be used.
- the radiation can be, for example, infrared radiation or microwave radiation. According to the invention, it is also possible to use various combinations of radiators, such as combinations of infrared radiators and microwave radiators.
- radiation infrared and/or microwave radiation in particular, is exerted on the suction air before the filter, and/or on the surface of the filter.
- the impact of the radiation exerted on the suction air is particularly focused on the humidity, the water molecules or other polarizable compounds in the air.
- the radiation has no effect on the gas molecules in the air.
- the radiation is used to increase the amount of thermal energy of the water particles in the air, so that they are not very close to the state of crystallisation into ice and are able to reach the compressor without freezing.
- radiation does not essentially increase the temperature of the air, and the amount of operating energy needed by the method is minor.
- the increase in temperature is preferably about 1 to 2 °C.
- the humidity of air and other factors can have an effect on the increase of temperature; therefore, the increase in the temperature can deviate from the above-mentioned, advantageous range.
- the radiators are located so that the radiation smoothly meets the air flowing to the compressor and that the retention time is sufficient. In the disposition of microwave radiators in particular, it should be seen to that there are no unsuitable materials in the radiation field and that unwanted electromagnetic radiation is prevented.
- Fig. 1 shows schematically a system that uses the method according to the invention
- Fig. 2 shows the capacity of the compressor as a function of temperature.
- the method according to the invention has been applied in the nitric acid plant of Kemira Agio Oy at Siilinjai'vi (Fig. 1).
- compressor 1 sucks about 50 000 m of air per one hour through suction filter 2 and compresses it into process 3 to a pressure of about 4 bar.
- the size of the inflow opening of suction filter 2 in this process is about 3 m x 2.5 m, i.e., about 7.5 m 2 .
- infrared radiators 4 are installed in the suction duct before the suction filter; the radiators are directed downstream with respect to the air current and locate at a distance of about 1 meter from the filter.
- the electric power taken by each radiator is 2 kW, totalling 8 kW.
- Fig. 2 shows practical measurement results of the capacity growth of the compressor in the nitric acid plant in question, when air of less than 0 °C is conducted to the compressor.
- Fig. 2 shows that if the suction temperature of the compressor is about +5 °C, which is the practice according to prior art, the capacity of the compressor is about 51 000 Nm 3 /h.
- This invention was used to conduct air of -20 °C to the compressor, and the capacity of the compressor corresponding to this temperature is about 58 500 Nm 3 /h, i.e., the growth of capacity in these conditions is 7 500 Nm h, i.e., 14.7%.
- the infrared radiators can thus be replaced by microwave radiators, or microwave radiators can be used in addition to infrared radiators.
- microwave radiators can be installed in the suction duct before the infrared radiators, mainly radiating microwaves.
- These microwave radiators can be installed so that they radiate in the upstream direction with respect to the air current.
- the electric power used by each microwave radiator can be, for example, 1 kW, totalling 4 kW.
- the technology according to the invention can be used to accomplish various benefits as compared with prior, known technology.
- the air flowing to the compressor needs not to be heated, which saves heating energy. This method only needs the working energy of the radiators.
- the capacity of the compressor increases, first, because when the air cools off, its density increases and a larger amount of heavier air can be fitted into the suction space of the compressor. Second, the capacity of the centrifugal compressor increases because the centrifugal force of cold and, thus, heavy air is higher than the centrifugal force of warm and, thus, lighter air.
- This technology allows a decrease in the energy consumption of the compressor as calculated per a cubic metre of pumped air. According to the equations of the compressor, the power requirement of the compressor is directly proportional to the absolute temperature.
- the power requirement decreases as calculated per a cubic metre of air that is produced, or as calculated per a product unit of the plant, because the energy needed by extra energy and the auxiliary instruments does not increase a great deal when the capacity of the compressor or of the plant increases, but remains almost the same.
- This technology can be used to conduct clean outer air to the compressor and thus avoid the disadvantages caused by impure air that is preheated in the factoiy hall.
- the purchase price of the equipment used according to the invention is low, it is easy to control by automation, the reliability of the equipment is good, there is no risk of freezing, it is easy to use, and it does not require much maintenance.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU57675/98A AU5767598A (en) | 1997-01-27 | 1998-01-26 | Method for preventing filters from blocking |
EP98901363A EP0956448A1 (en) | 1997-01-27 | 1998-01-26 | Method for preventing filters from blocking |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FI970329 | 1997-01-27 | ||
FI970329A FI103739B (en) | 1997-01-27 | 1997-01-27 | Procedure for preventing clogging of a filter |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998032970A1 true WO1998032970A1 (en) | 1998-07-30 |
Family
ID=8547840
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FI1998/000067 WO1998032970A1 (en) | 1997-01-27 | 1998-01-26 | Method for preventing filters from blocking |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0956448A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU5767598A (en) |
FI (1) | FI103739B (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998032970A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1030127A1 (en) * | 1999-02-19 | 2000-08-23 | Thomson-Csf | Anti-frost device for an air filter |
EP1123726B1 (en) * | 2000-02-11 | 2007-11-28 | L'AIR LIQUIDE, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Process and apparatus for the compression of atmospheric air, plant for distilling air and turbine for corresponding gases |
US8505273B2 (en) | 2009-11-03 | 2013-08-13 | General Electric Company | System for ice and/or frost prevention using guided wave energy |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3877245A (en) * | 1973-11-30 | 1975-04-15 | Rovac Corp | Air conditioner having tempering and moisture control means |
DE4029372A1 (en) * | 1990-09-15 | 1991-09-12 | Mahle Gmbh | Compressor plant using very cold air - with provision of filter combination to remove ice crystals |
-
1997
- 1997-01-27 FI FI970329A patent/FI103739B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1998
- 1998-01-26 AU AU57675/98A patent/AU5767598A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-01-26 WO PCT/FI1998/000067 patent/WO1998032970A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-01-26 EP EP98901363A patent/EP0956448A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3877245A (en) * | 1973-11-30 | 1975-04-15 | Rovac Corp | Air conditioner having tempering and moisture control means |
DE4029372A1 (en) * | 1990-09-15 | 1991-09-12 | Mahle Gmbh | Compressor plant using very cold air - with provision of filter combination to remove ice crystals |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Vol. 96, No. 11; & JP,A,08 193 435 (TOYO FOOSA SYST KK) 30 July 1996. * |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1030127A1 (en) * | 1999-02-19 | 2000-08-23 | Thomson-Csf | Anti-frost device for an air filter |
FR2790070A1 (en) * | 1999-02-19 | 2000-08-25 | Thomson Csf | ANTI-ICING DEVICE FOR AN AIR FILTER |
EP1123726B1 (en) * | 2000-02-11 | 2007-11-28 | L'AIR LIQUIDE, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Process and apparatus for the compression of atmospheric air, plant for distilling air and turbine for corresponding gases |
US8505273B2 (en) | 2009-11-03 | 2013-08-13 | General Electric Company | System for ice and/or frost prevention using guided wave energy |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FI970329A (en) | 1998-07-28 |
FI103739B1 (en) | 1999-08-31 |
AU5767598A (en) | 1998-08-18 |
FI970329A0 (en) | 1997-01-27 |
FI103739B (en) | 1999-08-31 |
EP0956448A1 (en) | 1999-11-17 |
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