WO1998028018A1 - Adhesive for application of functional articles to the skin and comfortable removal of such articles - Google Patents
Adhesive for application of functional articles to the skin and comfortable removal of such articles Download PDFInfo
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- WO1998028018A1 WO1998028018A1 PCT/US1997/023471 US9723471W WO9828018A1 WO 1998028018 A1 WO1998028018 A1 WO 1998028018A1 US 9723471 W US9723471 W US 9723471W WO 9828018 A1 WO9828018 A1 WO 9828018A1
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- skin
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- adhesive
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
- A61L15/58—Adhesives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/45—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the shape
- A61F13/47—Sanitary towels, incontinence pads or napkins
- A61F13/475—Sanitary towels, incontinence pads or napkins characterised by edge leakage prevention means
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/56—Supporting or fastening means
- A61F13/66—Garments, holders or supports not integral with absorbent pads
- A61F13/82—Garments, holders or supports not integral with absorbent pads with means for attaching to the body
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K8/0208—Tissues; Wipes; Patches
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K8/0212—Face masks
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
- A61L15/58—Adhesives
- A61L15/585—Mixtures of macromolecular compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L24/00—Surgical adhesives or cements; Adhesives for colostomy devices
- A61L24/04—Surgical adhesives or cements; Adhesives for colostomy devices containing macromolecular materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L53/00—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L53/00—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L53/02—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers of vinyl-aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L53/00—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L53/02—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers of vinyl-aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes
- C08L53/025—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers of vinyl-aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes modified
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J153/00—Adhesives based on block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J153/00—Adhesives based on block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J153/005—Modified block copolymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J153/00—Adhesives based on block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J153/02—Vinyl aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J153/00—Adhesives based on block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J153/02—Vinyl aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes
- C09J153/025—Vinyl aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes modified
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2666/00—Composition of polymers characterized by a further compound in the blend, being organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials, non-macromolecular organic substances, inorganic substances or characterized by their function in the composition
- C08L2666/02—Organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to topical adhesives for attachment to the skin.
- the present invention relates to such topical adhesives which can be employed for application of functional articles to the skin, particularly for the adhesion of functional articles or the improvement of the function of such articles.
- Functional articles in this context are cosmetic or pharmaceutical delivery articles which provide a substance to the skin such as skin treatment substances, creams, lotions, hormones, vitamins, deodorants, or drugs; alternatively cosmetic or pharmaceutical delivery articles can also provide a substance to emanate away from the skin such as insecticides, inhalation drugs, or perfumes; further the adhesive of the present invention can also be used in functional articles which are not attached to the skin but as a component in articles which require a high residence time on the skin such as decorative cosmetics (lipstick, eye colors, stage make-up) or cleaning article (hand cleaner, face mask, hygienic cleanser especially for pores).
- the topical adhesive provides secure attachment or increased residence time and is pleasing to the skin upon application, yet causes no discomfort and a low level of adhesive residues on the skin upon removal. This is achieved by selecting the chemical composition and rheological characteristics of the topical adhesives, in particular with reference to the relationship between the elastic modulus G' and the viscous modulus G" of the topical adhesive. Background of the invention
- the present invention relates to topical adhesives which are particularly useful to functional articles such as cosmetic or pharmaceutical delivery articles which provide a substance to the skin such as skin treatment substances, creams, lotions, hormones, vitamins, deodorants, or drugs; alternatively cosmetic or pharmaceutical delivery articles can also provide a substance to emanate away from the skin such as insecticides, inhalation drugs, or perfumes; further the adhesive of the present invention can also be used in functional articles which are not attached to the skin but as a component in articles which require a high residence time on the skin such as decorative cosmetics (lipstick, eye colors, stage make-up) or cleaning article (hand cleaner, face mask, hygienic cleanser especially for pores). Such articles are not used for absorption of body liquids. For example attachment of a vitamin plaster to the skin or of an inhalation drug releasing article to the breast can suitably be done by the adhesive of the present invention. Inclusion of the adhesive into decorative cosmetics allows to increase their resistance to wearing off while not creating a removal problem.
- Topical adhesives that are used for absorbent articles such as sanitary napkins and pantiliners have generally been disclosed in US statutory invention registration H1602 or WO 96/33683. Some more details of the adhesive have been disclosed in PCT application WO 95/16424.
- sanitary articles having a topical adhesive which is applied on the wearer facing side of a sanitary napkin along the entire periphery are disclosed.
- the problem underlying this document is primarily the safe attachment to the skin but mentions also the problems of detachment of such articles after use without causing undue pain to a wearer.
- WO 95/16424 includes a detailed analysis of the criteria for the topical adhesive in respect to rheological criteria.
- rheological criteria taught include epilatory, i.e. hair removal, compositions which are commercially available such as STREP MIELE (TM) sold in Italy by Laboratori Vaj S.p.A.
- the adhesives for topical attachment mentioned in WO 95/16424 include also today's pressure sensitive adhesives which are used to attach sanitary napkins to undergarments. Further, this document only identifies static rheological characteristics but is silent as to the dynamic rheological behaviour of a topical adhesive.
- WO 96/13238 a frequency dependent topical adhesive model is disclosed. However, all measurements disclosed, e.g. on page 9, were made at temperatures between -60°C and +120°C and at actual frequencies of 0.1 to 100 rad/s. In order to obtain the necessary data at application temperature (about 20°C, typical bath room, i.e. storage temperature) the Williams-Landel-Ferry (hereinafter WLF) equation was used.
- WLF Williams-Landel-Ferry
- This WLF equation is empirical and only valid within certain limits e.g. it cannot be used to extrapolate to temperatures below the glass transition temperature of a polymeric adhesive also the WLF cannot be used on the basis of values obtained below the glass transition temperature. Details about the WLF equation and its applicability can be found in "Principles of Polymer processing" by Z. Tadmor and C.G. Gogos, published by John Wiley & Sons or in "Viscoelastic Properties of Polymers" by J.D. Ferry also published by John Wiley & Son. Since this is already missing from WO 96/13238 the applicability of the disclosed data cannot be assessed.
- European Patent Application EP-638 303 discloses the use of a topical adhesive on side cuffs of sanitary napkins in order to keep the cuffs in an upright position.
- Swiss publication CH-643730 discloses the use of a very long sanitary napkin having chamfered outer edges with a topical adhesive at the four corners of the outer edges in order to provide a topical adhesive area well outside the region of pubic hair growth. Both applications are silent as to the adhesive composition.
- the adhesive for topical attachment does not cause a cold or otherwise unacceptable temperature sensation upon application despite a temperature difference of the adhesive in respect to the skin temperature.
- topical adhesives In addition to the above objectives of the present invention it is also desirable for topical adhesives to provide additional benefits such as physical protection. Further, topical adhesives which do not affect the natural skin condition, e.g. by being breathable or water vapour transmitting are preferred.
- the present invention is useful to attach functional articles to the skin or improve the function of such articles when worn on the skin.
- Functional articles are cosmetic or pharmaceutical delivery articles which provide a substance to the skin such as skin treatment substances, creams, lotions, hormones, vitamins, deodorants, or drugs; alternatively cosmetic or pharmaceutical delivery articles can also provide a substance to emanate away from the skin such as insecticides, inhalation drugs, or perfumes; further the adhesive of the present invention can also be used in functional articles which are not attached to the skin but as a component in articles which require a high residence time on the skin such as decorative cosmetics (lipstick, eye colors, stage make-up) or cleaning article (hand cleaner, face mask, hygienic cleanser especially for pores).
- Such articles are non-absorbent for bodily liquids.
- the article typically has a wearer facing surface and an outside surface.
- the topical adhesive allows secure attachment of an article to the skin of the wearer and supports the functionality of the articles.
- the term "functional" in this context means that the article after being placed on the skin fulfills an additional function which is supported or improved by the topical adhesives according to the present invention.
- the viscous behaviour of the adhesive can be interpreted to represent an indication of the ability of the adhesive to quickly attach and securely adhere.
- the elastic behaviour can be interpreted as an indication of the "hardness" behaviour of the adhesive. Its value is also critical for good initial attachment. Their combination is believed to be an indicator of the required force upon removal.
- the relation between elastic and viscous modulus is considered to be an indication on which fraction of the removal energy will be dissipated within the adhesive and which fraction is available to trigger the actual removal.
- the relation between the elastic and viscous modulus also gives an indication of the internal cohesiveness of the adhesive, which is in turn related to the possible presence of adhesive residues on the skin after removal of the topical adhesive composition.
- the topical adhesive has an elastic modulus at a temperature of 37°C (100° Fahrenheit) abbreviated G' 37 and a viscous modulus at a temperature of 37°C (100° Fahrenheit) of G" 37 .
- the difference ⁇ (G' 37 - G" 37 ) between the elastic modulus G' 37 at a frequency of 1 rad/sec and the viscous modulus G" 37 at a frequency of 1 rad/sec is also defined for the topical adhesive. This difference gives an indication of the behaviour of the topical adhesive with respect to the level of adhesive residues left on the skin after removal of the topical adhesive.
- the adhesive further has a dynamic elastic behaviour defined as ⁇ G' 37 which is the difference of G' 37 at a frequency of 100 rad/sec and G' 37 at a frequency of 1 rad/sec and a dynamic viscous behaviour ⁇ G" 37 which is the difference of G"the 37 at a frequency of 100 rad/sec and G" 37 at a frequency of 1 rad/sec.
- the topical adhesive according to the present invention satisfies the following conditions:
- G' 37 (1 rad/sec) is in the range 1500 Pa to 20000 Pa, preferably 1500 Pa to 15000 Pa, most preferably 3000 Pa to 10000 Pa.
- G" 37 (1 rad/sec) is in the range 100 Pa to 15000 Pa, preferably 100 Pa to 10000 Pa, most preferably 300 Pa to 5000 Pa.
- G' 37 (1 rad/sec) - G" 37 (1 rad/sec) is not less than 0.5, preferably in the range
- ⁇ G' 37 is not greater than 10000 Pa, preferably less than 5000 Pa, most preferably less than 2000 Pa, or both. • the difference ⁇ (G' 37 - G" 37 ) (1 rad/sec) is greater than or equal to 1250 Pa, preferably greater than or equal to 2500 Pa, more preferably greater than or equal to 3500 Pa.
- the value of the ratio G' 37 /G" 37 at least for the frequency range from above 1 rad/s up to 100 rad/s should preferably be 3.3 or above, more preferably 5 or above, most preferably 10 or above, while not exceeding about 30, preferably 20, anywhere in the frequency interval.
- Tg Glass Transition Temperature
- Tg should preferably be less than -15°C, more preferably less than - 20°C and most preferably less than -25°C.
- the rheological behaviour and acceptance of a topical adhesive can also be related to the specific heat capacity.
- the specific heat capacity of the topical adhesive is less than 4 J/g/K, more preferably less than 3 J/g/K and most preferably less than 2 J/g/K.
- the rheological behaviour and acceptance of a topical adhesive can also be related to the specific heat conductivity of the adhesive.
- the specific heat conductivity is as low as possible, preferably between 1 and 0.1 W/m/K, most preferably between 0.6 and 0.1 W/m/K .
- Adhesive compositions which satisfy the above criteria can be used as topical adhesives for functional articles or as components in the formulation of functional articles provided they also satisfy the common requirements of being safe for use on human or animal skin during use and generally after disposal of the article.
- compositions where the composition comprises from 45%, preferably from 51 %, to 99.5 % of a plasticising compound or composition which is liquid at 20°C, from 0.5 to 20 %, preferably 5 % to 15 %, of a polymeric compound or composition which is soluble or swellable in the plasticising compound or composition and with a tackifying resin in an amount in the range from 0% to 50% by weight of the composition, preferably from 0 % to 600 % by weight of the polymeric compound.
- the plasticising compound or composition is preferably selected from the group consisting of water, alcohols (preferably glycerol), glycols, polyglycols, liquid polybutenes, oil or combinations thereof.
- the polymeric compound or composition is preferably selected from the group consisting of block-copolymer-thermoplastic-elastomers, styrene-block- copolymers and hydrogenated styrene-block-copolymers, polyacrylics, polyvinyl alcohol, natural gum or gelatines, polyethyleneoxide, polyvinylpyrrolidon (PVP), polyvinylethers, cellulose derivatives, or combinations thereof.
- PVP polyvinylpyrrolidon
- the topical adhesive according to the present invention is applied directly to the skin.
- the adhesive can be used as a carrier of a function (dispensing of a compound) and for attachment while in other application improvement of the attachment and resistance to rubbing off is desirable.
- the adhesive according to the present invention is used in the context of functional articles such as cosmetic or pharmaceutical delivery articles which provide a substance to the skin such as skin treatment, substances, creams, lotions, hormones, vitamins, deodorants, or drugs; alternatively cosmetic or pharmaceutical delivery articles can also provide a substance to emanate away from the skin such as insecticides, inhalation drugs, or perfumes; further the adhesive of the present invention can also be used in functional articles which are not attached to the skin but as a component in articles which require a high residence time on the skin such as decorative cosmetics (lipstick, eye colors, stage make-up) or cleaning article (hand cleaner, face mask, hygienic cleanser especially for pores).
- the word "skin" according to the present invention does relate to the outer surface of the derma of humans or animals.
- the topical adhesive can be provided in a layer having a preferred pattern and a thickness or caliper that is preferably constant.
- the layer can be preferably continuous or alternatively discontinuous, e.g. in form of dots, spirals, or stripes.
- the topical adhesive is a compound to the composition of the article.
- topical adhesives are used like pressure sensitive adhesives on human skin hair and mucous tissues, it is understood that the topical adhesive compositions could only with difficulty be considered typical pressure sensitive adhesives (referred to as PSA hereinafter) on the basis of the most characteristic rheological behaviours identifying such materials.
- materials useful as topical adhesives according to the present invention have rheological characteristics which are measured at a reference temperature of 37°C (as usual body temperature of humans) and in a range of frequencies. It has been found that upon application of an article such as a vitamin plaster with a topical adhesive the adhesive contact is formed at a low frequency, while debonding happens at the speed of removing the article. This speed is expressed as a frequency of 100 rad/s while the low frequency of forming the adhesive bond has been found to be on the order of 1 rad/s. Therefore, the frequency range for use according to the present invention is between 1 and 100 rad/s.
- the adhesive bonding characteristics are selected most appropriately at human body temperature. Since the topical adhesive according to the present invention is used directly on skin and the person skilled in the art is directed to select the adhesive composition to have a small specific heat capacity (e.g. preferably less than 4 J/g/K) the actual temperature of the topical adhesive will reach 37°C very quickly or even be warmed up by a human prior to application.
- a small specific heat capacity e.g. preferably less than 4 J/g/K
- the absolute values of the -elastic modulus should not be too high, otherwise the adhesive is too hard and it is not able to intimately join or mold to the surface to which it is expected to adhere. It is also important to have a low absolute value of G" in order to have good cohesion which is particularly valuable when using articles which are frequently removed and adhered again or replaced while the material remains soft and capable of gently adhering to skin.
- the ratio of G' 37 (1 rad/sec) over G" J7 (1 rad/sec) is important to ensure that these two values are balanced upon adhesion to the skin.
- the absolute changes of G' 37 need to be limited within the range of frequencies considered.
- a value for the ratio of ⁇ G' 37 i.e. G' 37 (100 rad/sec) - G' (1 rad/sec)) over G' 37 (1 rad/sec) has to be kept small in order to maintain the secure attachment of the topical adhesive without causing discomfort over time or at removal/ delamination. This can also be expressed in absolute terms by keeping the ⁇ G' 37 below certain values.
- a good removal also implies that the topical adhesive does not leave residual remains on the skin or on the hairs.
- the difference ⁇ (G' 37 - G" 37 ) between the elastic modulus G' 37 (1 rad/sec) and the viscous modulus G" 37 (1 rad/sec) of the topical adhesive of the present invention is relevant to the scope of providing a reduced level of adhesive residues on the wearer's skin after removal of the topical adhesive.
- Such a difference gives in fact an indication on the behaviour- of the topical adhesive of the present invention as far as the level of adhesive residues on the skin after removal of the topical adhesive from the wearer's skin is concerned.
- the difference between the elastic modulus G' and the viscous modulus G" is a direct measure of the internal cohesiveness of the topical adhesive. Therefore increasing the difference ⁇ (G' 37 - G" 37 ), provided the other rheological conditions are satisfied, increases the internal cohesiveness of the topical adhesive, and decreases the possibility that residues of adhesive remain on the skin upon removal of the topical adhesive.
- G' 37 (1 rad/sec) is in the range 1500 Pa to 20000 Pa, preferably 1500 Pa to 15000 Pa, most preferably 3000 Pa to 10000 Pa.
- G" 37 (1 rad/sec) is in the range 100 Pa to 15000 Pa, preferably 100 Pa to 10000 Pa, most preferably 300 Pa to 5000 Pa.
- G' 37 (1 rad/sec) - G" 37 (1 rad/sec) is not less than 0.5, preferably in the range 0.7 to 3, most preferably in the range 1 to 1.8.
- ⁇ G' 37 is not greater than 10000 Pa, preferably less than 5000 Pa, most preferably less than 2000 Pa, or both. • the difference ⁇ (G' 37 - G" 37 ) (1 rad/sec) is greater than or equal to 1250 Pa, preferably greater than or equal to 2500 Pa, more preferably greater than or equal to 3500 Pa.
- the value of the ratio G' 37 /G" 37 at least for the frequency range from above 1 rad/s up to 100 rad/s should preferably be 3.3 or above, more preferably 5 or above, most preferably 10 or above, while not exceeding about 30, preferably 20, anywhere in the frequency interval.
- Tg Glass Transition Temperature
- Tg should preferably be less than -15°C, more preferably less than - 20°C and most preferably less than -25°C.
- the rheological behaviour and acceptance of a topical adhesive can also be related to the specific heat capacity.
- the specific heat capacity of the topical adhesive is less than 4 J/g/K, more preferably less than 3 J/g/K and most preferably less than 2 J/g/K.
- the rheological behaviour and acceptance of a topical adhesive can also be related to the specific heat conductivity of the adhesive.
- the specific heat conductivity is as low as possible, more preferable between 1 and 0.1 W/m/K, most preferably between 0.6 and 0.1 W/m/K.
- compositions which satisfy the requirements of the above rheological and physical characteristics of a topical adhesive the following formulation criteria can be used in addition. It should be noted that the most of the compositions useful as topical adhesive have a substantially gel-like structure and are preferably gels. This derives from the fact that:
- the prevailing component is the plasticiser which is a material liquid at room temperature - a macromolecular or polymeric component is present in minor quantities vs. the plasticiser. It forms, in the preferred embodiments, a three dimensional network caused by physical or chemical links between the molecules. Particularly useful physical links are the ones present in systems containing Block Thermoplastic Elastomers.
- compositions typically comprise:
- macromolecular or polymeric substances can be natural and/or synthetic such as natural gums or derivatives such as natural gums and gelatins, their derivatives and alginates; polyacrilics; polyvinyl alcohol; polyethylene oxide; polyvinylpyrrolidon (PVP) or polyvinylethers, their copolymers and derivatives; cellulose derivatives; Block Copolymer Thermoplastic Elastomers and preferably Styrenic Block Copolymers and more preferably the hydrogenated grades Styrol/Ethylene-Butylene/Styrol (SEBS), Styrene/lsoprene/Styrene (SIS), and Styrol/Ethylene-Propylene/Styrol (SEPS).
- SEBS Styrol/Ethylene-Butylene/Styrol
- SIS Styrene/lsoprene/Styrene
- SEPS Styrol/Ethylene-Propylene/Styrol
- plasticising substance a plasticising substance or a mixture of plasticising substances, which are liquid at room temperature.
- the plasticiser can be water, various alcohols (like in particular glycerol), glycols and their ethers, polyglycols, liquid polybutenes, esters such phthalates, adipates, stearates, palmitates, sebacates, or myristates, natural or synthetic oils such as vegetable oils, mineral oils, or combinations thereof.
- composition from 0% to 50% by weight of the composition, preferably from 0 to 600 % by weight of the macromolecular polymeric substance of a tackifying resin whose main scope is to tailor the Tg especially in systems based on synthetic polymers.
- hydrophilic or hydrophobic liquid plasticisers may be for oily systems, e.g. the fatty acids of Cs to C22, their metallic salts and their polyoxo-derivatives; lanolin derivatives; silica; bentonite, montmorillonite and their derivatives; polyamides, waxes or mixtures thereof.
- additives known in the art as preservatives, antioxidants, anti UV, pigments, mineral fillers, rheology modifiers etc. can also be comprised in quantities up to 10 % each.
- a crosslinking agent can be present preferably in quantities up to 5 % by weight.
- Chemical crosslinking can be formed also by mutual neutralisation of polymers having different functionalities as in the reaction between acid polyacryiics and polysaccharides.
- compositions for topical adhesives can be divided into three families according to the nature of the main component, i.e. usually the liquid plasticiser(s):
- Hydrophobic compositions in which the plasticiser is typically an oil or blend of oils of vegetable or mineral origin and the polymer is usually a synthetic polymer, preferably an elastomer, soluble or swellable in oil(s).
- Mixed phase compositions in which both hydrophobic and hydrophilic components, possibly in both plasticisers and polymers, form two or more separate phases. In such cases an emulsifier/surfactant is preferably present at a suitable level to form stable emulsions between the incompatible phases.
- the hydrophobic components are prevailing vs. the hydrophilic ones.
- Hydrophilic compositions in which typically the plasticiser is water/glycerol/glycols and the like and/or mixtures thereof and the polymeric phase is of synthetic (e.g. polyacryiics) or natural (e.g. natural gums) origin or mixtures thereof.
- compositions can be preferred.
- functional articles with a delivery function the compound to be delivered needs to come out of the topical adhesive composition at different speeds, e.g. perfumes can have a delivery profile which changes from high to lower values while drugs have to be delivered preferably at a constant rate to prevent overdosing.
- Cosmetics often are lipophilic and moisturizing such that a combination of watery and oily components can be more desirable.
- hydrophilic topical adhesives tend to be perceived as cold and wet which upon application to the skin of a human is not in line with typical expectation. Additional problems result from the fact that in particular topical adhesives comprising water as the plasticiser have a tendency to dry out unless they are sealed into an impermeable package.
- Functional articles in which the topical adhesive according to the present invention can be used can be made by any of the ways usual in the art.
- the functional article in this context defines whether the adhesive is provided to hold a substrate to the skin or whether the adhesive as part of a composition is directly provided to the skin.
- the topical adhesive is preferably protected prior to use. This protection can be provided by a release liner such as a treated paper, providing easy release for the selected topical adhesive or by a closed container in which the functional articles are stored.
- a release liner such as a treated paper
- the article also provides breathability by being at least water vapour permeable, preferably air permeable to prevent stuffiness. Breathability, if not supported by the topical adhesive as such, can be limited to the area of the article where no adhesive is applied.
- the Residue Test is utilized to evaluate the amount of adhesive residues that remain on the wearer's skin after removal of a sample provided with a layer of a topical adhesive and previously attached to the wearer's forearm skin.
- the test specifically evaluates the amount of the adhesive residues as the residual skin stickiness caused by the adhesive residues, in terms of the peak tensile force (N) necessary to detach a standard steel plate adhered to the skin after removal of the sample with the topical adhesive.
- test is performed on rectangular samples 50x20 mm made of a polyester film 23 ⁇ m thick, such as that sold by Effegidi S.p.A. of Colorno (Parma, Italy), provided on one side with a continuous layer of the selected topical adhesive having a constant thickness of 1.35 mm, applied with an Acumeter Model LH- ⁇ extruder. A release paper is applied to protect the adhesive layer.
- the samples are prepared individually and tested after one hour from preparation.
- a rectangular area about 10 mm longer and wider than the dimensions of the sample is selected on the inner part of the wearer's forearm skin, e.g. by drawing it on the skin with suitable means, said area being centered between the wrist and the elbow, with the long side of the area aligned with the length of the arm.
- the sample is then applied on the skin by an operator, being centered with respect to the previously defined selected area, and a pressure is exerted on it by positioning by hand the weight on the sample and leaving it there for 30 seconds, with the cardboard plate interposed between the weight and the sample in order to cover the whole surface of the sample.
- the sample After removal of the weight and of the cardboard plate the sample is worn by the wearer for one hour, and then the sample with the topical adhesive is removed from the wearer's forearm skin by the operator with a slow and smooth pull, without touching the skin where the sample was applied.
- the steel plate is connected to the upper movable clamp of the dynamometer so that its flat surface is positioned horizontally, perpendicular to the direction of movement of the clamp, and facing down.
- the wearer positions his arm horizontally on a suitable support under the moving clamp of the dynamometer, with the selected area of the skin where the sample had been applied positioned directly under the steel plate.
- the wearer's forearm and the steel plate on the clamp are mutually positioned and oriented in such a way that the steel plate is centered with respect to the selected area on the forearm, with the longer dimensions of the steel plate and of the selected area being parallel, and with the surface of the steel plate and of the forearm skin in the selected area about parallel to each other.
- the Instron is operated to move the clamp with the steel plate towards the selected area until full contact between the flat surface of the steel plate and the skin is achieved and to apply a compression force of 9.8 N for 30 seconds, then the clamp is raised and the peak tensile force measured in Newton (N) necessary to detach the steel plate from the selected area is recorded as a measure of the residue amount.
- N Newton
- Sample A and Sample B are provided with a layer of topical adhesive according to Composition 1 and Composition 2, respectively, as described hereinbelow.
- An oil based composition useful on sanitary napkins according to the present invention was prepared using 9.9 % by weight of Kraton G-1651 , a Styrene/Ethylene-Butylene/Styrene block copolymer containing 33% by weight styrene and available from Shell Co., and 59.3 % by weight of Kaydol, a paraffinic mineral oil available from Witco Co.
- composition contained 301 parts of tackifying resin per 100 parts of Kraton polymer.
- the tackifying resin was Escorez 5300, a hydrogenated resin available from Exxon Co.
- Magnesium Stearate available from Carlo Erba S.p.A., was used a co-gelifying agent for oil at a level of 0.7 % by weight.
- Irganox 1010 an antioxidant available from Ciba-Geigy, was added at a level of 0.3 % by weight.
- the composition showed the following rheological properties at 37°C.
- the topical adhesive is an oil based composition containing 10% by weight of Kraton G-1651 , a Styrene/Ethylene-Butylene/Styrene block copolymer available from Shell Co., 49 % by weight of Kaydol, a paraffinic mineral oil available from Witco Co., 40% by weight of Escorez 5300, a hydrogenated tackifying resin available from Exxon Co., 0.7% by weight of Magnesium Stearate, a co-gelifying agent for oil available from Carlo Erba S.p.A., and 0.3% by weight of Irganox 1010, an antioxidant available from Ciba-Geigy.
- the composition has the following rheological properties at 37°C.
- topical adhesive compositions according to the present invention have been judged as comfortable for initial application and for removal form sensitive, hairy skin without causing pain.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU58014/98A AU5801498A (en) | 1996-12-23 | 1997-12-22 | Adhesive for application of functional articles to the skin and comfortable rem oval of such articles |
EP97954168A EP0948368A1 (en) | 1996-12-23 | 1997-12-22 | Adhesive for application of functional articles to the skin and comfortable removal of such articles |
CA002275990A CA2275990A1 (en) | 1996-12-23 | 1997-12-22 | Adhesive for application of functional articles to the skin and comfortable removal of such articles |
JP52896398A JP2001507962A (en) | 1996-12-23 | 1997-12-22 | Adhesive for application of functional articles to the skin and comfortable release of such articles |
US09/331,660 US6365645B1 (en) | 1996-12-23 | 1997-12-22 | Adhesive for application of functional articles to the skin and comfortable removal |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP96120738.8 | 1996-12-23 | ||
EP96120738A EP0850619A1 (en) | 1996-12-23 | 1996-12-23 | Disposable absorbent article for topical adhesive attachment to the skin of a wearer |
EP97110730.5 | 1997-07-01 | ||
EP97110730A EP0853934A1 (en) | 1996-12-23 | 1997-07-01 | Disposable absorbent article for secure topical adhesive attachment to the skin of a wearer and comfortable removal |
EP97120337.7 | 1997-11-20 | ||
EP97120337A EP0850649A1 (en) | 1996-12-23 | 1997-11-20 | Adhesive for application of functional articles to the skin and comfortable removal of such articles |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998028018A1 true WO1998028018A1 (en) | 1998-07-02 |
Family
ID=54774301
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1997/023457 WO1998028015A1 (en) | 1996-12-23 | 1997-12-22 | Lipophilic adhesive for secure topical attachment to the skin and comfortable removal |
PCT/US1997/023471 WO1998028018A1 (en) | 1996-12-23 | 1997-12-22 | Adhesive for application of functional articles to the skin and comfortable removal of such articles |
PCT/US1997/023834 WO1998028022A1 (en) | 1996-12-23 | 1997-12-22 | Adhesive for application of functional articles to the skin and comfortable removal of such articles |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1997/023457 WO1998028015A1 (en) | 1996-12-23 | 1997-12-22 | Lipophilic adhesive for secure topical attachment to the skin and comfortable removal |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1997/023834 WO1998028022A1 (en) | 1996-12-23 | 1997-12-22 | Adhesive for application of functional articles to the skin and comfortable removal of such articles |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (3) | EP0948368A1 (en) |
JP (3) | JP2001507962A (en) |
KR (3) | KR20000069690A (en) |
CN (3) | CN1246067A (en) |
AU (3) | AU5385398A (en) |
CA (3) | CA2275772A1 (en) |
WO (3) | WO1998028015A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
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US6620143B1 (en) | 1994-10-28 | 2003-09-16 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Sanitary napkin article having body-facing adhesive |
US8389000B2 (en) | 2006-11-30 | 2013-03-05 | Nipro Patch Co., Ltd. | Adhesive skin patch and method for evaluation of adhesive skin patch |
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US8673282B2 (en) | 2006-05-03 | 2014-03-18 | L'oreal | Cosmetic compositions containing block copolymers, tackifiers and a selective solvent for soft blocks |
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- 1997-12-22 KR KR1019997005746A patent/KR20000069690A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-12-22 JP JP52896398A patent/JP2001507962A/en active Pending
- 1997-12-22 WO PCT/US1997/023457 patent/WO1998028015A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-12-22 EP EP97954168A patent/EP0948368A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-12-22 EP EP97952628A patent/EP0946213A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-12-22 CN CN97181849A patent/CN1246067A/en active Pending
- 1997-12-22 JP JP10528954A patent/JP2000505702A/en active Pending
- 1997-12-22 CN CN97181848A patent/CN1246066A/en active Pending
- 1997-12-22 AU AU53853/98A patent/AU5385398A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-12-22 JP JP52905998A patent/JP2001507591A/en active Pending
- 1997-12-22 CN CN97181792A patent/CN1246063A/en active Pending
- 1997-12-22 AU AU56195/98A patent/AU5619598A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-12-22 KR KR1019997005688A patent/KR20000069657A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-12-22 CA CA002275772A patent/CA2275772A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-12-22 EP EP97950989A patent/EP0948364A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-12-22 KR KR1019997005718A patent/KR20000069677A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-12-22 CA CA002275898A patent/CA2275898A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-12-22 AU AU58014/98A patent/AU5801498A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-12-22 WO PCT/US1997/023471 patent/WO1998028018A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-12-22 WO PCT/US1997/023834 patent/WO1998028022A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6620143B1 (en) | 1994-10-28 | 2003-09-16 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Sanitary napkin article having body-facing adhesive |
US8389000B2 (en) | 2006-11-30 | 2013-03-05 | Nipro Patch Co., Ltd. | Adhesive skin patch and method for evaluation of adhesive skin patch |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0946213A1 (en) | 1999-10-06 |
WO1998028015A1 (en) | 1998-07-02 |
CN1246067A (en) | 2000-03-01 |
JP2001507962A (en) | 2001-06-19 |
EP0948364A1 (en) | 1999-10-13 |
WO1998028022A1 (en) | 1998-07-02 |
KR20000069657A (en) | 2000-11-25 |
AU5385398A (en) | 1998-07-17 |
JP2001507591A (en) | 2001-06-12 |
CN1246063A (en) | 2000-03-01 |
JP2000505702A (en) | 2000-05-16 |
EP0948368A1 (en) | 1999-10-13 |
AU5619598A (en) | 1998-07-17 |
KR20000069677A (en) | 2000-11-25 |
AU5801498A (en) | 1998-07-17 |
CA2275898A1 (en) | 1998-07-02 |
CA2275990A1 (en) | 1998-07-02 |
CN1246066A (en) | 2000-03-01 |
CA2275772A1 (en) | 1998-07-02 |
KR20000069690A (en) | 2000-11-25 |
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