WO1998024929A1 - Detection of cannabis by dna - Google Patents
Detection of cannabis by dna Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998024929A1 WO1998024929A1 PCT/GB1997/003320 GB9703320W WO9824929A1 WO 1998024929 A1 WO1998024929 A1 WO 1998024929A1 GB 9703320 W GB9703320 W GB 9703320W WO 9824929 A1 WO9824929 A1 WO 9824929A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cannabis sativa
- sequence
- primer
- cannabis
- polynucleotide
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
- C12Q1/6888—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for detection or identification of organisms
- C12Q1/6895—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for detection or identification of organisms for plants, fungi or algae
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the use of a cannabis specific nucleotide sequence for the detection of cannabis material, in particular the use of a cannabis specific DNA sequence.
- Drug trafficking is a major problem worldwide and there is considerable investment by Customs and Excise and other law enforcement agencies to prevent the import and supply of controlled substances e.g. drugs.
- drugs When samples of drugs are found, either as small quantities or as bulk supplies, it is useful to link them to larger batches to assist in identifying the supply routes.
- Information on distribution and supply routes for such drugs can lead to their interception at comparatively few sites in the country of origin rather than at the numerous street outlets. This is considered to be more effective law enforcement.
- DNA profiling is to be applied to cannabis for its unambiguous identification and to give an indication of its geographical origin then a DNA profiling technique which examines areas of the cannabis genome displaying a degree of intra-species variation and a high degree of inter- species variation is preferable.
- RAPD Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA
- chloroplast DNA has been found to exist as a single circular molecule ranging in size from 83-292 kb (Bohnert et al . 82).
- the chloroplast contains many well characterised genes such as ribose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase (rjcL) which has allowed the study of cpDNA sequence polymorphisms and these are now widely used to investigate inter-species relationships (Clegg 93) . Due to the relatively low rate of evolutionary change cpDNA has been little used for intra-species variations but the use of Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) on cpDNA has indicated that intra-species variation does exist.
- RFLP Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism
- PCR polymerase chain reaction
- the present invention has identified polynucleotide sequences within the Cannabis sativa chloroplast genome which are cannabis specific. Such cannabis specific polynucleotide sequences may be used to identify cannabis material in samples and may be included in a definitive test for cannabis material.
- One aspect of the present invention provides isolated polynucleotide sequence (s) unique to Cannabis sativa plants.
- the sequence(s) may be RNA or DNA sequence(s).
- the sequence (s) may be found within the Cannabis sativa chloroplast genome, more particularly within the Cannabis sativa chloroplast genome situated between and within the tr.nL 5'exon and the trnF gene.
- any Cannabis sativa specific polynucleotide sequence (s) from the above identified region of the Cannabis sativa chloroplast genome may be used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies, hybridisation studies, or sequencing studies and may for example be derived from Cannabis sativa specific or fragments of the sequences shown in Figure 1.
- PCR polymerase chain reaction
- the invention still further provides nucleotide sequence (s) which is/are similar to the above disclosed DNA sequences.
- similar is meant a sequence which is capable of hybridising to a sequence which is complementary to the inventive nucleotide sequence.
- the present invention also provides anti-sense or complementary nucleotide sequence (s) which is/are capable of hybridising to the inventive nucleotide sequence. It will be appreciated that such anti-sense or complementary nucleotide sequence(s) need not be identical in sequence to a complementary sequence of the inventive sequence, but that the anti-sense or complementary sequence (s) must be capable of hybridising to the inventive sequence.
- the polynucleotide must be capable of hybridising to Cannabis sativa nucleic acid and capable of initiating chain extension from the 3' end of the polynucleotide, but not able to correctly initiate chain extension from non Cannabis sativa sequences.
- test polynucleotide sequence is to be used in hybridisation studies, to test for the presence of Cannabis sativa nucleic acid in a sample, the test polynucleotide should preferably remain hybridised to a sample polynucleotide under stringent conditions, with either the test or sample polynucleotide preferably being supported.
- the test polynucleotide sequence is at least 50 bases in length, and may be labelled by suitable random priming techniques known in the art.
- the test polynucleotide sequence is at least 200 bases in length and may even be several kilobases in length.
- either a denatured sample or test sequence is preferably first bound to a support and hybridization is effected for a specified period of time generally at a temperature of between 50 and 70 °C in double strength SSC (2xNaCl 17.5g/l and sodium citrate (SC) at
- Cannabis sativa specific polynucleotide sequence (s) of the present invention may be utilised in so-called gene-chip technology in order to provide a gene- chip, which may be used in Cannabis sativa nucleic acid detection.
- Cannabis sativa specific oligonucleotides may be designed to specifically hybridise to Cannabis sativa DNA. They may be synthesised, by known techniques and used as primers in PCR or sequencing reactions or as probes in hybridisations designed to detect the presence of Cannabis sativa material in a sample.
- the oligonucleotides may be labelled by suitable labels known in the art, such as, radioactive labels, chemiluminescent labels or fluorescent labels and the like.
- suitable labels known in the art, such as, radioactive labels, chemiluminescent labels or fluorescent labels and the like.
- the present invention also provides Cannabis sativa specific oligonucleotide probes and primers.
- oligonucleotide is not meant to indicate any particular length of sequence and encompasses nucleotides of between 10b to lkb in length, more preferably 12b-500b in length and most preferably 15b to 100b.
- 10 oligonucleotides according to the present invention which are suitable for use in hybridisation, sequencing and/or PCR studies are:
- Tm melting temperatures
- oligonucleotides are derived from the Cannabis sativa sequences shown in Figure 1 and may be manufactured according to known techniques.
- Figure 2 shows in detail where Primers I to X above would anneal or hybridise to a consensus of the Cannabis sativa sequences shown in Figure 1.
- Experimental evidence supporting the specificity of Primers I and II and their use in identifying Cannabis sativa material is described in detail later herein.
- the primers are shown in one 5 '-3' orientation, but that the complementary sequence of each primer may also be used where appropriate.
- primer IV (5'-TTGGCTGCGTTAATCCGGATTTCT-3'
- the complementary primer to primer IV i.e. 5'-AGAAATCCGGATTAACGCAGCCAA-3 '
- primer IV 5'-AGAAATCCGGATTAACGCAGCCAA-3 '
- oligonucleotides show identical homology to any previously sequenced plant nucleic acid, as determined by DNA database analysis, at the date of filing. Additionally, the above oligonucleotides show less than 60% identity with previously sequenced chloroplast nucleic acid from other plant species (i.e. not Cannabis sativa) .
- Oligonucleotides which are generally greater than 30 bases in length should preferably remain hybridised to a sample polynucleotide under the stringent conditions mentioned above. Oligonucleotides which are generally less than 30 bases in length should also preferably remain hybridised to a sample polynucleotide but under different conditions of high stringency.
- the melting temperature of an oligonucleotide less than 30 bases may be calculated according to the formula of; 2°C for every A or T, plus 4°C for every G or C, minus 5°C. Hybridisation may take place at or around the calculated melting temperature for any particular oligonucleotide, in 6 x SSC and 1% SDS.
- Non specifically hybridised oligonucleotides may then be removed by stringent washing, for example in 3 x SSC and 0.1% SDS at the same temperature. Only substantially identically matched sequences remain hybridised i.e. said oligonucleotide and corresponding Cannabis sativa nucleic acid.
- the melting temperature may be calculated in the same manner as described above.
- the oligonucleotide may then be allowed to anneal or hybridise at a temperature around the oligonucleotide's calculated melting temperature.
- the annealing temperature should be around the lower of the calculated melting temperatures for the two priming oligonucleotides. It is to be appreciated that the conditions and melting temperature calculations are provided by way of example only and are not intended to be limiting.
- Oligonucleotides corresponding to intra-species variable portions of the above identified region could be used for intra-species identification using PCR.
- the present invention also encompasses cannabis detection kits including at least one oligonucleotide which is Cannabis sativa specific, as well as any necessary reaction reagents, washing reagents, detection reagents, signal producing agents and the like for use in the test formats outlined above.
- Cannabis sativa specific polynucleotide in the detection of Cannabis sativa in a sample.
- Cannabis sativa specific polynucleotide in a PCR for the detection of Cannabis sativa in a sample.
- Figure 1 shows the DNA sequence and alignment of a portion of the chloroplast genome of four Cannabis sativa stocks
- Figure 2 shows a consensus sequence of the sequences shown in Figure 1 and identified primer binding sites
- Figure 3 shows a sequence alignment.
- the sequence of Cannabis clone 22 is shown on the bottom line. Where there is a dot (no sequence) there is no homologous sequence. Homologous sequences are where the same sequence in the Cannabis clone is directly underneath an identical base in one or more of the above sequences. When a plant species is shown more than once the additional sequences are the DNA sequences between trnL and trnF genes found elsewhere in the genome;
- Figure 4 shows the amplification with Cannabis sativa specific primers on C. sativa .
- the PCR products were electrophoresed on a 2% agarose gel, stained with ethidium bromide, and visualised under u.v.
- Lane A was the 100 bp ladder, lane B amplification products with primers b and c, lane C amplification products with I and II, and lane D amplification products with b, c, I, and II.
- Figure 5 shows the amplification with Cannabis sativa specific primers on C. sativa .
- Lane A shows a 100 bp ladder
- lane B shows the amplification product using universal primers a and d
- lane C shows the amplification product using primers I and II
- lane D shows the amplification products with primers a, d, I and II.
- 11a Figure 6 shows the amplification products with universal primers and C. sativa primers from numerous botanic specimens. The PCR products were electrophoresed on a 2% agarose gel, stained with ethidium bromide and visualised under u.v.
- Lane A shows the PCR product using primers b,c, I and II from arabadopsis; Lane B, of bean using b,c,I and II; Lane C, of bean using b and c; lane D, of beansprout using b,c,I and II; lane E, of cabbage using b,c,I and II; lane F, of corn using b,c,I and II; lane G of corn using b and c; lane H, of green pepper using b,c,I and II; lane I lOObp ladder; lane J, of rice using b,c,I and II; lane K, of grass using b,c,I and II; lane L, of grass using b and c; lane M of kidney bean using b,c,I and II; lane N, of poppy using b,c,I and II; lane 0, of tobacco using b,c,I and II; lane P, of tomato using b,c,I and II and lane Q
- One leaf from each of four Cannabis sativa plants was obtained.
- One leaf was from a plant of Indian origin and the other three leaves were from plants of South African origin.
- Each leaf was dried and 500mg of plant material was removed.
- the leaf material was ground in a mortar and pestle with the addition of liquid nitrogen.
- the powdered lib leaf material was transferred to a 1.5ml Eppendorf tube to which 400 ⁇ l of lysis buffer (50mM Tris-HCl, 20mM EDTA, 1% SDS, NaOH to pH 8.0) was added. To this lO ⁇ l of lOO g/ml proteinase K was added and the solution incubated at 56°C for 30 minutes.
- lysis buffer 50mM Tris-HCl, 20mM EDTA, 1% SDS, NaOH to pH 8.0
- Primer a is situated within the trnL 5'exon, primer b (and primer of which is the complement of primer b) within the trnL 3 ' exon and primer c within the trnF gene.
- PCR amplifications were performed in a total volume of 50 ⁇ l.
- Each reaction contained: 20ng of Cannabis sativa DNA, 200 ⁇ M of each deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate (dNTPs) , PCR buffer (lO M Tris HC1 pH8.3 , 50mM KCl, 1.2mM MgCl 2 ) , 2 units Taq polymerase (Dynazyme, FMC) , and lOOpM of each primer.
- the reaction solution was overlaid with two drops of mineral oil.
- Amplification proceeded for 35 cycles at 94 °C for 1 minute, 54 °C for 1 minute and 72 °C for 1 minute followed by 72 °C for 7 minutes, using a hybaid thermacycler instrument.
- the PCR products were electrophoresed on a 3% agarose gel and detected by staining with ethidium bromide and photographed with Polaroid 667 film.
- the four cannabis sativa plants all produced the same size fragment of approximately 800 bp when visualised.
- PCR products from the amplification with primers a and c from Cannabis sativa leaf extracts were cloned into the plasmid vector pCRII as part of the TA Cloning kit (Invitrogen) .
- pCRII TA Cloning kit
- 20ng of the PCR product were ligated into 50ng of the TA vector (pCRII) .
- the ligations were otherwise as according to the 14 manufacturers instruction.
- the transformations were performed using the commercially supplied E . coli cells of the TA cloning kit. White colonies were picked from each transformation and mini-prepped using the Sigma Plasmid Pure Kit.
- the presence of a PCR insert was confirmed by restriction digest analysis with the enzyme Eco RI.
- the Cannabis sativa DNA sequences were aligned by the computer programme SeqEdTM (Applied Biosystems, Warrington, UK) . Alignment of the Cannabis sativa sequences obtained from the four Cannabis sativa plants was performed by PILEUP (Smithies et al. 1981 and Feng & Doolittle 1987). The sequences were then compared to the EMBL database using the programme FastA (Lipman & Pearson 85) .
- FIG. 1 A comparison of the four cannabis sequences (denoted 7, 20, 22, 24) is illustrated in Figure 1. There is a homology of 99.8% between the two least homologous sequences (7 and 24) illustrating that there exists little intraspecies sequence diversity. However, differences between the four sequences can be observed. Such differences may be exploited when designing an intra 15 species Cannabis sativa test. Oligonucleotides which are specific to one plant may be designed which may be used in tests for identifying Cannabis sativa plants from a particular geographical location.
- Figure 2 shows the sequenced Cannabis sativa DNA to have significant differences, throughout the 818 bases, when compared to the most closely related correponding DNA sequences from other plant species.
- DNA sequences suitable for use as primers in amplification reactions were designed 16 by selecting DNA sequences of between 20 and 25 bases in length and comparing the sequence to the DNA Database using the FastA method of the GCG Wisconsin sequencing package (Higgins & Sharp 1989, and Lip an & Pearson 1985) . Those DNA sequences with a high degree of homology to known nucleic acid sequences were discarded. Only sequences which showed a low degree of homology to known nucleic acid sequences were analysed further.
- primers I to X Ten possible primers (I to X) were identified and the sequences are described hereinbefore. Two of the 10 primers (primers I and II) have been used in PCR amplification studies. FastA analysis revealed a maximum homology with other plant species of 54% for primer I and 50% for primer II and most importantly no homology at the 3' end of each primer.
- PCR Amplification with Universal Primers b, c, and Cannabis Sativa Specific Primers I and II PCR amplifications were performed in a total volume of 50 ⁇ l. Each reaction contained: 20ng of plant DNA, 200 ⁇ M of each deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate (dNTPs) , PARR Excellence PCR buffer (Cambio Limited, Cambridge, UK) , 2 units AmpliTaq Gold polymerase (PE Applied Biosystems, Warrington UK) , and lOOpM of each relevant primer used. Amplification proceeded for 35 cycles of 94 °C for 30 seconds, 60°C for 30 seconds and 72 °C for 30 seconds followed by 72 °C for 7 minutes using a Perkin Elmer 2400 thermalcycler. The PCR products were electrophoresed on a 2% agarose gel and the gels were stained with ethidium 17 bromide and photographed with Polaroid 667 film.
- dNTPs deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate
- Cannabis sativa specific primers (I and II) were used in a PCR amplification using DNA extracts from
- Cannabis sativa and PCR products of the expected sizes were detected (see lane C of Figure 3) . This is considerably smaller than that produced using primers a and c (818 bp) , the sequence of which is shown in Figure 1.
- the Cannabis sativa specific primers (I and II) were used in conjunction with the universal chloroplast primers b and c. This duplex test when conducted using Cannabis sativa should produce two PCR products, a PCR product of previously known size for b and c (361 bp) and a further product using primers I and II (199 bp) . A product of the size amplified using primers b and c was produced but the second main product (265 bp) was determined to be an intermediate product produced from primers b and II (see lane D of Figure 4) . This intermediate product is produced due to the preference of primer b to bind rather than primer I under the annealing conditions performed in the
- DNA extracted from other plants should produce a product consistent with that produced with the primers b and c but no other product, as primers I and II should only 18 produce an amplification product if the I and II priming sites are present, i.e. that the material to be amplified is Cannabis sativa material.
- a further universal primer d was used.
- Primer d is in fact the complement of primer b.
- a control reaction using universal chloroplast primers a and d gives a product of size 471 bp, which is easily discernible from the 199bp product obtained using cannabis specific primers I and II. See figure 5 which shows the amplification using primers a and d producing the 471 bp fragment; an amplification using cannabis specific primers producing the 199 bp fragment; and an amplification reaction with both the universal and the cannabis specific primers producing the 471 bp and 199 bp fragment sizes.
- Duplex PCR amplification on a range of plant DNA samples with the primers b, c, I, and II were performed and the resulting products were separated on an agarose gel.
- the plants were chosen for the amplification reactions either by the close homology as shown in Figure 3 or due to their close taxonomic association. The results of these amplifications are shown in Figure 6. Reactions with only a single set of primers were also performed when the fragment size produced in the duplex reaction could not be unambiguously assigned to one set of primers. 19 Amplification from all the plants produced PCR products that were consistent with the amplification using the b and c primers only. No other PCR product was detectable, indicating that the I and II primers were not priming on any part of their genome.
- a cotton wool swab wass taken from the index finer and thumb immediately before the addition of any cannabis. The volunteer was then asked to was their hands again. The volunteer was then asked to handle C. sativa vegetative material between the index finger and thumb. The time period of handling was measured in seconds and was such that no vegetative material could be visualized on the hands. The index finger and thumb were then swabbed with a cotton wool bud which had previously been soaked in sterile water.
- the cotton wool bud was then removed to a sterile 1.5ml tube containing 1 ml of extraction buffer (50mM Tris- HCl, pH ⁇ .l, 20mM EDTA, pH8.0, 0.2% Bovine serum albumin, 1% polyvinylpyrrolidone, 0.1% 2-mercatoethanol) .
- extraction buffer 50mM Tris- HCl, pH ⁇ .l, 20mM EDTA, pH8.0, 0.2% Bovine serum albumin, 1% polyvinylpyrrolidone, 0.1% 2-mercatoethanol
- the base of 20 the tube was then placed inside another sterile 1.5ml tube and centrifuged for 10 minutes until the fluid had been remove from the cotton wool.
- Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) was added to the solution to a final concentration of 2%.
- the sample was incubated at 65°C for 15 minutes after which it was placed on ice.
- the negative controls wee treated in exactly the same manner .
- Amplifications by the polymerase chain reaction were preformed as previously described (see Example 1) . Amplifications contained the universal primers a and d and the Cannabis specific primers I and II. The products produced by the PCR were separate on agarose gels and visualized as previously described. The negative controls produced one discernible product.
- PCT samples originating from the hand swabs taken from volunteers who had handled C. sativa produced PCR products of sizes corresponding to those anticipated with a and d and I and II amplify C. sativa DNA (see for Example Figure 7) . 21 The same experiment was repeated for 5 further individuals who all gave the same results, ie one discernible product for the negative control and two products from the test, after the individuals had handled cannabis material.
- Cannabis sativa specific primer may be used to identify whether or not an unknown sample contains Cannabis sativa nucleic acid and consequently comprises Cannabis material.
- any single primer or suitable combination of primers from priners I to X or complementary primers thereof may be used to identify cannabis material.
- Amplification using primers I and II of a product of approximately 199 bases in length indicates that Cannabis sativa nucleic acid is present in a test sample.
- Universal primers such as, primers b and c or a and d may be used as an optional positive control to ensure that nucleic acid has been correctly extracted from the sample and that the PCR conditions are suitable for amplification to occur. 22 References
Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP97947161A EP0941367A1 (en) | 1996-12-03 | 1997-12-03 | Detection of cannabis by dna |
CA002274320A CA2274320A1 (en) | 1996-12-03 | 1997-12-03 | Detection of cannabis by dna |
AU52310/98A AU5231098A (en) | 1996-12-03 | 1997-12-03 | Detection of cannabis by dna |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GBGB9625086.5A GB9625086D0 (en) | 1996-12-03 | 1996-12-03 | Cannabis detection |
GB9625086.5 | 1996-12-03 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998024929A1 true WO1998024929A1 (en) | 1998-06-11 |
Family
ID=10803842
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB1997/003320 WO1998024929A1 (en) | 1996-12-03 | 1997-12-03 | Detection of cannabis by dna |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0941367A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU5231098A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2274320A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB9625086D0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998024929A1 (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10239585A1 (en) * | 2002-08-28 | 2004-04-08 | Biotecon Diagnostics Gmbh | New nucleic acid molecules, useful for detecting plant material, e.g. genetically modified material in food, are designed to amplify the chloroplast tRNA-Leu gene |
US20100138164A1 (en) * | 2003-11-07 | 2010-06-03 | Src, Inc. | Physical geolocation system |
WO2016112179A1 (en) * | 2015-01-09 | 2016-07-14 | Courtagen Life Sciences, Inc. | Methods and kits for detecting fungus and bacteria in cannabis |
US9546362B2 (en) | 2011-07-13 | 2017-01-17 | National Research Council Of Canada | Genes and proteins for alkanoyl-CoA synthesis |
WO2017096408A1 (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2017-06-08 | Knaebel David | Dna-based method for forensic identification of controlled substances using plant dna markers |
US10364416B2 (en) | 2014-06-27 | 2019-07-30 | National Research Council Of Canada | Cannabichromenic acid synthase from cannabis sativa |
WO2020032222A1 (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2020-02-13 | 警察庁科学警察研究所長が代表する日本国 | Primer mixture, kit and method for detecting cannabis dna |
US11421224B2 (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2022-08-23 | Pathogendx, Inc. | Microarray based multiplex pathogen analysis and uses thereof |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106119394A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2016-11-16 | 刘明涛 | The nucleotide sequence authentication method of a kind of generation latitude lettuce tongue and the application of nucleotide sequence |
-
1996
- 1996-12-03 GB GBGB9625086.5A patent/GB9625086D0/en active Pending
-
1997
- 1997-12-03 CA CA002274320A patent/CA2274320A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-12-03 WO PCT/GB1997/003320 patent/WO1998024929A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-12-03 AU AU52310/98A patent/AU5231098A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-12-03 EP EP97947161A patent/EP0941367A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
---|
FAETI V ET AL: "Genetic diversity of Cannabis sativa germplasm based on RAPD markers", PLANT BREEDING, vol. 115, no. 5, 1996, pages 367 - 70, XP002062892 * |
GILLAN R ET AL: "Comparison of Cannabis sativa by Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and HPLC of cannabinoids: a preliminary study", SCIENCE AND JUSTICE, vol. 35, no. 3, 1995, pages 169 - 77, XP002062891 * |
LINACRE A ET AL: "Detection and identification of cannabis by DNA", FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL, vol. 91, 1998, pages 71 - 76, XP002062894 * |
SAKAMOTO K ET AL: "A male associated DNA sequence in a dioecious plant, Cannabis sativa L.", PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY, vol. 36, no. 8, 1995, pages 1549 - 54, XP002062893 * |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10239585A1 (en) * | 2002-08-28 | 2004-04-08 | Biotecon Diagnostics Gmbh | New nucleic acid molecules, useful for detecting plant material, e.g. genetically modified material in food, are designed to amplify the chloroplast tRNA-Leu gene |
US20100138164A1 (en) * | 2003-11-07 | 2010-06-03 | Src, Inc. | Physical geolocation system |
US8852892B2 (en) * | 2003-11-07 | 2014-10-07 | Syracuse University | Physical geolocation system |
US9546362B2 (en) | 2011-07-13 | 2017-01-17 | National Research Council Of Canada | Genes and proteins for alkanoyl-CoA synthesis |
US10364416B2 (en) | 2014-06-27 | 2019-07-30 | National Research Council Of Canada | Cannabichromenic acid synthase from cannabis sativa |
US10724009B2 (en) | 2014-06-27 | 2020-07-28 | National Research Council Of Canada (Nrc) | Cannabichromenic acid synthase from Cannabis sativa |
WO2016112179A1 (en) * | 2015-01-09 | 2016-07-14 | Courtagen Life Sciences, Inc. | Methods and kits for detecting fungus and bacteria in cannabis |
WO2017096408A1 (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2017-06-08 | Knaebel David | Dna-based method for forensic identification of controlled substances using plant dna markers |
US11421224B2 (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2022-08-23 | Pathogendx, Inc. | Microarray based multiplex pathogen analysis and uses thereof |
US11512307B2 (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2022-11-29 | PathogenDX Inc | Microarray based multiplex pathogen analysis and uses thereof |
WO2020032222A1 (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2020-02-13 | 警察庁科学警察研究所長が代表する日本国 | Primer mixture, kit and method for detecting cannabis dna |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0941367A1 (en) | 1999-09-15 |
AU5231098A (en) | 1998-06-29 |
GB9625086D0 (en) | 1997-01-22 |
CA2274320A1 (en) | 1998-06-11 |
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