WO1998023844A1 - Method and device for production of hydrocarbons - Google Patents
Method and device for production of hydrocarbons Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998023844A1 WO1998023844A1 PCT/US1997/022071 US9722071W WO9823844A1 WO 1998023844 A1 WO1998023844 A1 WO 1998023844A1 US 9722071 W US9722071 W US 9722071W WO 9823844 A1 WO9823844 A1 WO 9823844A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- production pipe
- individual
- flow
- gas
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 10
- 235000017276 Salvia Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 241001072909 Salvia Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 32
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 101100256922 Caenorhabditis elegans sid-3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/18—Pipes provided with plural fluid passages
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/34—Arrangements for separating materials produced by the well
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of and a device for
- hydrocarbons such as oil and the like.
- phase is the only source of energy for displacement of the liquid phase.
- This case is typical foi oil wells when the natural energy of the formation is composed of a pc tential energy of oil which is under pressure from rock,
- the oil forms a film extending along the pipe wall while a gas nuculeos contains liquid drops. Therefore only a small fraction of the gas phase
- liquid and gas phase have a tendency to separate from one another.
- oil- as flow is subdivided in a direction which is transverse to a direction of
- Figures 1 and 2 are views showing a transverse and a longitudinal
- Figures 5 and 6 are views showing a change in a kinematics of oil-gas
- Figures 7 and 8 are views illustrating another embodiment of the
- inventive method includes a production pipe identified with reference
- a plurality of elements 2 are provided to subdivide a transverse
- each of t 3 individual passages 3 is selected so as to provide a
- the oil phase obtains the movement quantity from the gas phase in -7- increasing value with the increase of intensity of the movement quantity
- a geometrical size of the individual passages 23 can change in direction of flow of the oil-gas flow, and also a number of passages 33 can also change in direction flow of the oil-gas
- the gas phase energy can be withdrawn from the formation energy, which is
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
During production of hydrocarbons, an oil-gas flow from a well bottom to a well-head is subdivided into a plurality of individual oil-gas flows which flow in a plurality of individual passages (2, 3) located side-by-side with one another.
Description
Description
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCTIOtf OF HYDROCARBONS
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a method of and a device for
production of hydrocarbons, such as oil and the like.
Background Art
It is known to produce oil by introducing into it gas so as to form an oil-
gas fluid which is lifted in a production pipe. The resulting flow is a flow of
two interacting phases, a gas phase and a liquid phase. Depending on a diameter of the production pipe, a gas factor or a gas quantity dissolved in
a mass unit of liquid, physical characteristics of gas and liquid, speed of the
gas phase relative to the liquid phase, an exchange of the motion quantity
between the phases and therefore a share of gas phase energy spent for
displacement of the liquid phase can substantially change during the process
of flowing of the two-phase medium. Due to the changes in the structure of
the two-phase flow during the process of flowing and redistribution of energy of the gas phase used for the displacement of the liquid phase and for the displacement of the gas phase itself, it is possible that a corresponding
energy share of the gas phase is insufficient for the displacement of the
liquid phase. This is characteristic for the case when the energy of the gas
phase is the only source of energy for displacement of the liquid phase. This case is typical foi oil wells when the natural energy of the formation is composed of a pc tential energy of oil which is under pressure from rock,
ground water, and potential energy of hydrocarbon gas dissolved in oil,
which are transfei red into the gas phase when the pressure in the fluid
becomes lower than the saturation pressure. Oil which is lifted in a well to
a certain height by the pressure of rock, ground water, gravitational energy,
can move further only due to the energy of gas dissolved in oil and
transferred to the liquid phase at a certain level in the well when the
hydrostatic pressure in the oil column becomes lower than the saturation
pressure. During movement of the fluid to a well-head with reducing
pressure the quantity of gas emerging from oil is increased and the structure
of the flow changes. An increase of the gas quantity transferred from the
dissolved condition into the gas phase and correspondingly of its speed
during movement to the well head leads to the situation that in a portion of
the well which adjoins the well head an annular mode of flow is formed, when
the oil forms a film extending along the pipe wall while a gas nuculeos contains liquid drops. Therefore only a small fraction of the gas phase
energy is used for displacement of the liquid to the well-head and practically the well yield is equal substantially zero. The evolution of the flow structure
-3- in the wall is such that during the movement of the fluid to the well-head the pressure and quantity of gas emerge from the liquid is reduced and the
speed of the gas phase relative to the liquid is increased. As a result the
liquid and gas phase have a tendency to separate from one another. During
this process a corre sponding fraction of the gas phase energy used for the
displacement of liqi. id to the well-head is reduced.
When the well is in the annular mode, its efficiency coefficient
or in other words a ratio of the gas phase energy actually used for the liquid
displacement to all energy of the gas phase which can be used for the liquid
displacement, reduces substantially to zero. Even when the well operates in a fountain mode, the efficiency coefficient can not be high since the structure of the- flow near the well-head is such that the gas phase occupies
the main fraction of the space for the fluid flow and the quantity of the
entrained liquid is relatively low. The low efficiency coefficient leads to an
accelerated declassification of the formation and as a result to a conversion
of the well to a mechanized expansive production method.
Disclosure of the Invention
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a
method of and a device for production of hydrocarbons which avoids the
-4- disadvantages of the prior art.
More particularly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a
method of and a device for production of hydrocarbons, in which the
efficiency of use of the gas phase energy for displacement of oil in gas-oil flows is substantially increased.
In keeping with these objects and with others which will become
apparent hereinafter, one feature of the present invention resides, briefly
stated, in a method of producing hydrocarbons, in accordance with which an
oil- as flow is subdivided in a direction which is transverse to a direction of
movement of the oil-gas flow, into a plurality of individual flows which flow
simultaneously and sid 3 by side in the direction of movement.
It is another feature of the present invention to provide a device for
production of hydrocarbons which has means for confining an oil-gas flow;
and means for subdividing the oil-gas flow in a transverse direction into a
plurality of individual oil-gas flows which flow simultaneously side by side in
direction of movement of the oil-gas flow.
When the method is performed and the device is designed in
-5- accordance with the present invention, the efficiency of the gas phase for
displacemen of the oil phase is substantially increased, the operation and
maintenance of valves is simplified, the cost of production of the formation
hydrocarbon ; is reduced and the efficiency is increased, and accelerated
declassificati >n of the formation is prevented.
Brief Descrip:ion of the Drawings
Figures 1 and 2 are views showing a transverse and a longitudinal
cross-sectior of a device for production of hydrocarbons in accordance with
the present i lvention;
Figur? s 3 and 4 are views showing a transverse and a longitudinal
cross-section of the inventive device in accordance with another embodiment
of the presert invention;
Figures 5 and 6 are views showing a change in a kinematics of oil-gas
flow in a device in accordance with the prior art and in a device in
accordance with the present invention;
Figures 7 and 8 are views illustrating another embodiment of the
present invention; and
-6- Figures 9 and 10 are views showing a transverse and a longitudinal cross-section of the device in accordance with a still further embodiment.
Best Mode of Carrying out the Invention
In accordance with one embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2, an
inventive device for production of hydrocarbons in accordance with an
inventive method includes a production pipe identified with reference
numeral 1. A plurality of elements 2 are provided to subdivide a transverse
cross-section of the production pipe 1 into a plurality of individual passages 3. In the embodiment of Figures 1-2 the elements 2 which subdivide the
cross-section of the production pipe into a plurality of passages 3 are formed
as concentric wails, so that the passages 3 are concentric passages.
Therefore a plurality of individual oil-gas flows flow through the individual
concentric passages 3 in the movement direction of the oil-gas flow. The
size of each of t 3 individual passages 3 is selected so as to provide a
desired structure of the oil-gas individual flow, to obtain a maximum
efficiency of use of the gas phase energy as a source of energy for
displacement of the oil phase.
The oil phase obtains the movement quantity from the gas phase in
-7- increasing value with the increase of intensity of the movement quantity
exchanged between the phases, or the increase of resistance to movement
of the gas phase relative to the oil phase. With the same cross-section of the
production pipe, this can be obtained by increase by the axial speed in the
individual passage V in the radial direction R and the increase of sheer
stresses tor = "v wherein μ is a dynamic viscosity of the oil, with the increase
of an inner surface area of the passage.
In accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention shown in Figures 3 and 4, an interior of the production pipe 11 is subdivided
by a plurality of walls 12 into a plurality of individual passages 3 extending
side-by-side one another with so that simultaneously individual oil-gas flows
flow inside the passages 13. Also, an individual oil-gas flow outside the
individual passages 13 in a space 14.
As shown in Figures 7 and 8 in accordance with a further embodiment
of the present invention, shown in Figure 7 a geometrical size of the individual passages 23 can change in direction of flow of the oil-gas flow, and also a number of passages 33 can also change in direction flow of the oil-gas
flow. The construction shown in Figures 7 and 8 is also selected so as to
-8- provide a maximum use of the gas phase energy for displacement of the oil phase.
In the embodiment shown in Figures 9 and 10 of the production pipe
41 is subdivided by a star-like insert into a plurality of the individual segment-
shared passages 43 extending side-by-side with one another.
When the quantity of the formation energy per mass unit of oil is
insufficient to lift oil to the desired height, an addition source of energy can
be utilized as shown in Figure 7. Here a part of the formation energy is
accumulated by the compressed gas which is under the pressure of
saturation in the vessel and a part of the pipe volume. Therefore a part of
the gas phase energy can be withdrawn from the formation energy, which is
converted into free state during the declassification and is accommodated at
the saturation pressure in the pipe and the vessel.
While the invention has been illustrated and described as embodied
in method of and device for production of hydrocarbons, it is not intended to be limited to the details shown, since various modifications and structural changes may be made without departing in any way from the spirit of the present invention.
What is claimed as new and desired to be protected by Letters Patent orth in the appended claims.
Claims
1. A method of production of hydrocarbons, comprising the
steps of introducing into an oil well a production pipe having an inlet to be
located substantially in a region of a well bottom and an outlet to be located
substantially in a region of a well head, so that an oil-gas mixture flow flows
from the inlet to the outlet of the production pipe; and increasing in the
production pipe a resistance to movement of a gas phase relative to an oil
phase of the oil-gas mixture by subdividing at least a portion of the
production pipe into a plurality of passages each having a cross-section
which is a fraction of a cross-section of the production pipe and extending in
a direction from the inlet to the outlet of the production pipe so as to
subdivide said oil-gas mixture flow into a plurality of individual oil-gas mixture
flows which have a fraction of a cross-section of said oil-gas mixture and flow
simultaneously in a direction from the inlet to the outlet of the production
pipe.
2. A method as defined in claim 1 , wherein said subdividing
includes forming a plurality of individual passages which extend
concentrically with one another in a direction from the inlet to the outlet of the
production pipe, so that the individual oil-gas flows simultaneously flow
through the individual concentric passages.
3. A method as defined in claim 1 , wherein said subdividing
includes forming a plurality of passages which extend substantially parallel and side by side with one another in a direction from the inlet to the outlet of
the production pipe, so that the individual oil-gas flows flow simultaneously through the side-by-side passages.
4. A method as defined in claim 1 , wherein said subdividing
inc udes forming a plurality of individual passages through which the ind vidual oil-gas flows flow simultaneously in a direction from the inlet to the
ou let of the production pipe; and changing a geometry of the individual
pa ;sages in direction of movement of the individual oil-gas flows. -12-
5. A method as defined in claim 1 , wherein said subdividing
includes forming a plurality of passages located side by side with one
another through which the individual oil-gas flows flow simultaneously in a
direction from the inlet to the outlet of the production pipe so that a number
of passεges in a direction of flow of the oil-gas mixture changes at different
heights of the production pipe.
6. A device for production of hydrocarbons, comprising a
production pipe to be introduced into an oil well and having an inlet to be
located in a region of a well bottom and an outlet to be located in a region of
a valve head, so that an oil-gas mixture flow flows from the inlet to the outlet
of the production pipe; and means for increasing in said production pipe a
resistance to movement of a gas phase relative to an oil phase of the oil-gas
mixture, said increasing means include means for subdividing at least a portion of said production pipe into a plurality of passages having a reduced
cross-section which is a fraction of a cross-section of said production pipe and extending from said inlet to said outlet of said production pipe, so as to -13- subdivide said oil-gas mixt jre flow into a plurality of individual oil-gas mixture flows which have a fraction of a cross-section of said oil-gas mixture and flow
through said passages of said reduced cross-section simultaneously in a
direction from said inlet to said production pipe.
7. A device as defined in claim 6, wherein said individual
passages extend concentrically with one another.
8. A device as defined in claim 6, wherein said individual
passages extend substantially parallel to one another.
9. A device as defined in claim 6, wherein said individual passages have a geometry which changes in a direction of flow of the oil- gas.
10. A device as defined in claim 6, wherein a number of the
individual passages changes in a direction of flow of the individual oil-gas flows.
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU74110/98A AU7411098A (en) | 1996-11-25 | 1997-11-12 | Method and device for production of hydrocarbons |
| EP97949726A EP1009908A4 (en) | 1996-11-25 | 1997-11-12 | Method and device for production of hydrocarbons |
| EA199900401A EA001565B1 (en) | 1996-11-25 | 1997-11-12 | Method and device for production of hydrocarbons |
| CA002272923A CA2272923A1 (en) | 1996-11-25 | 1997-11-12 | Method and device for production of hydrocarbons |
| NO992288A NO992288D0 (en) | 1996-11-25 | 1999-05-11 | Process and apparatus for producing hydrocarbons |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/755,642 US5730220A (en) | 1996-11-25 | 1996-11-25 | Method of and device for production of hydrocarbons |
| US08/755,642 | 1996-11-25 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1998023844A1 true WO1998023844A1 (en) | 1998-06-04 |
Family
ID=25039982
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US1997/022071 WO1998023844A1 (en) | 1996-11-25 | 1997-11-12 | Method and device for production of hydrocarbons |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US5730220A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1009908A4 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1238823A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU7411098A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2272923A1 (en) |
| EA (1) | EA001565B1 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO992288D0 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1998023844A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5950651A (en) * | 1997-11-10 | 1999-09-14 | Technology Commercialization Corp. | Method and device for transporting a multi-phase flow |
| US5904209A (en) * | 1998-10-26 | 1999-05-18 | Technology Commercialization Corp. | Method and device for removal of production inhibiting liquid from a gas well |
| GB2391600B (en) * | 2001-04-27 | 2005-09-21 | Fiberspar Corp | Buoyancy control systems for tubes |
| US7331397B1 (en) | 2004-11-12 | 2008-02-19 | Jet Lifting Systems, Ltd | Gas drive fluid lifting system |
| US8839822B2 (en) * | 2006-03-22 | 2014-09-23 | National Oilwell Varco, L.P. | Dual containment systems, methods and kits |
| CA2619808C (en) * | 2007-02-02 | 2015-04-14 | Fiberspar Corporation | Multi-cell spoolable pipe |
| CA2641492C (en) * | 2007-10-23 | 2016-07-05 | Fiberspar Corporation | Heated pipe and methods of transporting viscous fluid |
| CA2690926C (en) | 2009-01-23 | 2018-03-06 | Fiberspar Corporation | Downhole fluid separation |
| WO2011075538A1 (en) | 2009-12-15 | 2011-06-23 | Fiberspar Corporation | System and methods for removing fluids from a subterranean well |
| US8955599B2 (en) | 2009-12-15 | 2015-02-17 | Fiberspar Corporation | System and methods for removing fluids from a subterranean well |
| WO2014026190A1 (en) | 2012-08-10 | 2014-02-13 | National Oilwell Varco, L.P. | Composite coiled tubing connectors |
| US10100613B2 (en) * | 2013-02-22 | 2018-10-16 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Subwater heat exchanger |
| GB2512122B (en) * | 2013-03-21 | 2015-12-30 | Statoil Petroleum As | Increasing hydrocarbon recovery from reservoirs |
| US10465452B2 (en) | 2014-07-31 | 2019-11-05 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Wellbore operations using a multi-tube system |
| NL1044081B1 (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2023-01-10 | Ir Msc Mark Gilbert Sisouw De Zilwa | Method and devices for unloading flow conduits and improving multi-phase flow capacity. |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1354027A (en) * | 1919-08-30 | 1920-09-28 | Erd V Crowell | Gas-energy-control head for oil-wells |
| US5246070A (en) * | 1990-02-07 | 1993-09-21 | Preussag Aktiengesellschaft | Piping for the completion of a groundwater monitoring site |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2054859A (en) * | 1934-08-27 | 1936-09-22 | Roy E Kitching | Drill stem |
| US4619323A (en) * | 1981-06-03 | 1986-10-28 | Exxon Production Research Co. | Method for conducting workover operations |
| US4382470A (en) * | 1981-07-13 | 1983-05-10 | Naffziger Larry C | Method and well casing |
| US4528919A (en) | 1982-12-30 | 1985-07-16 | Union Oil Company Of California | Multi-phase fluid flow divider |
| US4527956A (en) | 1984-04-30 | 1985-07-09 | Iosif Baumberg | Pipe for elevating liquid, and device provided therewith |
| US4700783A (en) * | 1985-06-20 | 1987-10-20 | Baron Paul C | Method and apparatus for recovering liquids from a well bore |
| US5227054A (en) | 1990-05-10 | 1993-07-13 | Imre Gyulavari | Filling body biological units and cooling towers |
| US5105889A (en) * | 1990-11-29 | 1992-04-21 | Misikov Taimuraz K | Method of production of formation fluid and device for effecting thereof |
| GB9127535D0 (en) * | 1991-12-31 | 1992-02-19 | Stirling Design Int | The control of"u"tubing in the flow of cement in oil well casings |
| US5707214A (en) | 1994-07-01 | 1998-01-13 | Fluid Flow Engineering Company | Nozzle-venturi gas lift flow control device and method for improving production rate, lift efficiency, and stability of gas lift wells |
| NO953217L (en) | 1995-08-16 | 1997-02-17 | Aker Eng As | Method and arrangement of pipe bundles |
| US5806598A (en) | 1996-08-06 | 1998-09-15 | Amani; Mohammad | Apparatus and method for removing fluids from underground wells |
| US5785124A (en) | 1996-07-12 | 1998-07-28 | Production On Accelerators, Inc. | Method for accelerating production |
| US5752570A (en) | 1996-11-04 | 1998-05-19 | Petroenergy Llc | Method and device for production of hydrocarbons |
| US5871048A (en) | 1997-03-26 | 1999-02-16 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Determining an optimum gas injection rate for a gas-lift well |
-
1996
- 1996-11-25 US US08/755,642 patent/US5730220A/en not_active Ceased
-
1997
- 1997-11-12 CN CN97180053.7A patent/CN1238823A/en active Pending
- 1997-11-12 EA EA199900401A patent/EA001565B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-11-12 CA CA002272923A patent/CA2272923A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-11-12 WO PCT/US1997/022071 patent/WO1998023844A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-11-12 EP EP97949726A patent/EP1009908A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-11-12 AU AU74110/98A patent/AU7411098A/en not_active Abandoned
-
1999
- 1999-05-07 US US09/307,218 patent/USRE37109E1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-05-11 NO NO992288A patent/NO992288D0/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1354027A (en) * | 1919-08-30 | 1920-09-28 | Erd V Crowell | Gas-energy-control head for oil-wells |
| US5246070A (en) * | 1990-02-07 | 1993-09-21 | Preussag Aktiengesellschaft | Piping for the completion of a groundwater monitoring site |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of EP1009908A4 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1238823A (en) | 1999-12-15 |
| EA199900401A1 (en) | 2000-06-26 |
| NO992288L (en) | 1999-05-11 |
| NO992288D0 (en) | 1999-05-11 |
| AU7411098A (en) | 1998-06-22 |
| US5730220A (en) | 1998-03-24 |
| CA2272923A1 (en) | 1998-06-04 |
| USRE37109E1 (en) | 2001-03-27 |
| EP1009908A1 (en) | 2000-06-21 |
| EA001565B1 (en) | 2001-04-23 |
| EP1009908A4 (en) | 2002-01-09 |
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