WO1998021601A1 - Pulse radar process with evaluation of the receiving signal - Google Patents
Pulse radar process with evaluation of the receiving signal Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998021601A1 WO1998021601A1 PCT/EP1997/005976 EP9705976W WO9821601A1 WO 1998021601 A1 WO1998021601 A1 WO 1998021601A1 EP 9705976 W EP9705976 W EP 9705976W WO 9821601 A1 WO9821601 A1 WO 9821601A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pulse
- radar
- distance
- frequency
- evaluation
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S13/08—Systems for measuring distance only
- G01S13/10—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse modulated waves
- G01S13/26—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse modulated waves wherein the transmitted pulses use a frequency- or phase-modulated carrier wave
- G01S13/28—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse modulated waves wherein the transmitted pulses use a frequency- or phase-modulated carrier wave with time compression of received pulses
- G01S13/282—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse modulated waves wherein the transmitted pulses use a frequency- or phase-modulated carrier wave with time compression of received pulses using a frequency modulated carrier wave
Definitions
- Pulse radar method with evaluation of the received signals
- the invention relates to a pulse radar method with the features specified in the preamble of claim 1.
- Such a method is known from DE 4433790 A1.
- transmission pulses of different transmission frequencies are emitted sequentially and the associated reception signals are converted into a uniform intermediate frequency.
- a plurality of samples corresponding to a plurality of target range sections with a first range resolution are obtained from the converted received signals.
- a group of samples of a uniform distance section at different transmission frequencies is subjected to a frequency-time transformation.
- the minimum distance of the known method is determined by the length of a radar pulse and cannot be less than half the length of this pulse. This is due to the mode of operation of the transceiver, in which the receiving operation immediately follows the transmitting operation and a receiving operation is not possible during the transmitting operation. If one assumes a radar pulse with a duration of 35 * 10 "9 s, this results in a radar pulse length of 10.5 meters and thus a minimum distance of the target of 5.25 meters. In the close range, ie at a distance smaller than that a target cannot be detected using the method.
- the invention is based on the object of creating a method of the type mentioned at the outset in which targets can also be detected in the close range and for which the outlay required for this is kept small
- the basic consideration of the invention consists in the use of frequency modulation, which corresponds to a rasterization of the transmission pulse.
- the current transmission frequency is directly linked to the point in time at which this part of the transmission pulse is transmitted. Accordingly, the point in time at which the relevant frequency arrives in the receiver , in conjunction with the knowledge of their transmission time, calculates the transit time of the partial pulse and thus deduces the distance of the target. This also and especially applies when the target is within close range.
- each received partial pulse contains the relevant transmission frequency at the respective time of transmission as information and thus practically as an identifier, the extent does not matter r, in which the transmission pulse is received Every received partial pulse, however small, bears this identifier and makes it possible to determine the distance of the target as described
- the frequency modulation of the radar pulse cannot only be used to detect targets within the close range. It is also possible to use the method at a distance in an advantageous manner. If, as stated in claim 3, a combined coarse-fine range determination is carried out, the target range can be determined with a high resolution given by the frequency modulation of the radar pulse. The rough distance measurement used as a basis for this can be carried out, for example, with a grid that is determined by the radar pulse length.
- Fig. 2 shows the superimposition of this pulse with the radar pulse reflected by an object at a small object distance
- Fig. 3 shows this overlay with greater object distance.
- FIG. 1 shows as solid lines a laser pulse as is required for the invention.
- the laser pulse is frequency modulated.
- a dashed line shows a laser pulse with a fixed frequency known from the prior art during the transmission process.
- t burst denotes the transmission time of the laser pulse.
- Fig. 2 shows as a dotted line the frequency-modulated laser pulse and as a dashed line the portion of the laser pulse reflected on an object that cannot be received during the transmission of the transmission signal and as a solid line the portion that is still received immediately after the end of the transmission can.
- the difference between the maximum and minimum frequency in the received signal is proportional to the signal transit time and thus to the distance between the transmitter and the object.
- the frequency content of the received signal is preferably determined by a correlation method.
- 3 shows the frequency-modulated laser pulse as a dotted line and the portion of the laser pulse reflected on an object that is received in a first time gate as a dashed line.
- the solid line shows the portion that is received in a second, immediately following, time gate.
- t rec is equal to a time gate and t burst .
- the existence of a received signal in the time gate represents runtime information that can be converted into a distance taking into account the propagation speed of the radar pulse.
- the incoming laser pulse now represents a rough range of information that can be more finely resolved by evaluating the frequency content of the laser partial pulse received in the time gate.
- the difference between the maximum and minimum frequency in the received signal is proportional to the time delay calculated from the beginning of the time gate and can be converted into a distance. Since the reception time gates are equal in time to the transmission duration t burst , the reflected laser pulse, ie the reception signal, typically occurs in two successive time gates, which enables a combined evaluation.
- the frequency contents of the received signals are preferably in turn determined by a correlation method.
Abstract
This invention concerns a pulse radar process with evaluation of the receiving signal in which even the transmitting frequency is modulated within a radar pulse. Evaluation of an impulse reflected from a target for a distance which is less than half the length of the radar pulse is done based on the partial pulse received after the transmission process.
Description
Puls-Radarverfahren mit Auswertung der EmpfangssignalePulse radar method with evaluation of the received signals
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Puls-Radarverfahren mit den im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmalen.The invention relates to a pulse radar method with the features specified in the preamble of claim 1.
Ein derartiges Verfahren ist aus der DE 4433790 A1 bekannt. Dabei werden zeitsequentiell Sendepulse unterschiedlicher Sendefrequenzen abgestrahlt und die zugehörigen Empfangssignale in eine einheitliche Zwischenfrequenz umgesetzt. Aus den umgesetzten Empfangssignalen werden mehrere Abtastwerte entsprechend mehreren Zielentfernungsabschnitten mit einer ersten Entfemungsauflösung gewonnen. Eine Gruppe von Abtastwerten eines einheitlichen Entfernungsabschnitts zu verschiedenen Sendefrequenzen wird einer Frequenz- Zeit-Transformation unterworfen.Such a method is known from DE 4433790 A1. In this case, transmission pulses of different transmission frequencies are emitted sequentially and the associated reception signals are converted into a uniform intermediate frequency. A plurality of samples corresponding to a plurality of target range sections with a first range resolution are obtained from the converted received signals. A group of samples of a uniform distance section at different transmission frequencies is subjected to a frequency-time transformation.
Die Mindestentfernung des bekannten Verfahrens ist durch die Länge eines Radarpuises bestimmt und kann nicht kleiner als die halbe Länge dieses Pulses sein. Dies ist bedingt durch die Arbeitsweise der Sende- Empfangseinrichtung, bei dem sich der Empfangsbetrieb unmittelbar an den Sendebetrieb anschließt und während des Sendebetriebs ein Empfangsbetrieb nicht möglich ist. Geht man von einem Radarpuls mit einer Dauer von 35*10"9 s aus, so ergibt sich damit eine Radarpulslänge von 10,5 Meter und damit eine Mindestentfernung des Ziels von 5,25 Meter. Im Nahbereich, d. h. bei einer Entfernung kleiner als der zuletzt angegebene Wert ist ein Ziel mit dem Verfahren nicht detektierbar.
Der Erfindung hegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, bei dem Ziele auch im Nahbereich detektierbar sind und für das der hierzu erforderliche Aufwand klein gehalten istThe minimum distance of the known method is determined by the length of a radar pulse and cannot be less than half the length of this pulse. This is due to the mode of operation of the transceiver, in which the receiving operation immediately follows the transmitting operation and a receiving operation is not possible during the transmitting operation. If one assumes a radar pulse with a duration of 35 * 10 "9 s, this results in a radar pulse length of 10.5 meters and thus a minimum distance of the target of 5.25 meters. In the close range, ie at a distance smaller than that a target cannot be detected using the method. The invention is based on the object of creating a method of the type mentioned at the outset in which targets can also be detected in the close range and for which the outlay required for this is kept small
Die Erfindung lost diese Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1The invention achieves this object through the features of patent claim 1
Die Grunduberlegung der Erfindung besteht in der Verwendung der Frequenzmodulation, die einer Rasterung des Sendepulses entspricht Die momentane Sendefrequenz ist dabei unmittelbar verknüpft mit dem Zeitpunkt, zu dem dieser Teil des Sendepulses ausgesandt wird Entsprechend kann aus dem Zeitpunkt, zu dem die betreffende Frequenz im Empfanger eingeht, in Verbindung mit der Kenntnis ihres Sendezeitpunktes die Laufzeit des Teilimpulses berechnet und damit auf die Entfernung des Ziels geschlossen werden Dies gilt auch und gerade dann, wenn sich das Ziel innerhalb des Nahbereichs befindet Zwar ist bei derartigen Zielen nur ein Bruchteil des ausgesandten Radarpulses zu empfangen, mit der Besonderheit, daß dieser Bruchteil umso kleiner wird, je naher sich das Ziel von der Sende-Empfangseinnchtung entfernt befindet Da jeder empfangene Teilpuls die zum jeweiligen Sendezeitpunkt maßgebliche Sendefrequenz als Information und damit praktisch als Kennung enthalt, kommt es auf den Umfang nicht mehr an, in dem der Sendepuls empfangen wird Jeder noch so kleine empfangene Teilpuls tragt diese Kennung und ermöglicht es, die Entfernung des Ziels wie beschrieben zu bestimmenThe basic consideration of the invention consists in the use of frequency modulation, which corresponds to a rasterization of the transmission pulse. The current transmission frequency is directly linked to the point in time at which this part of the transmission pulse is transmitted. Accordingly, the point in time at which the relevant frequency arrives in the receiver , in conjunction with the knowledge of their transmission time, calculates the transit time of the partial pulse and thus deduces the distance of the target. This also and especially applies when the target is within close range. Only a fraction of the transmitted radar pulse can be received with such targets , with the peculiarity that the smaller the fraction, the closer the destination is to the transmitting-receiving device, since each received partial pulse contains the relevant transmission frequency at the respective time of transmission as information and thus practically as an identifier, the extent does not matter r, in which the transmission pulse is received Every received partial pulse, however small, bears this identifier and makes it possible to determine the distance of the target as described
Das Auflösungsvermögen ist umso großer, je großer der Frequenzhub ist Andererseits bedeutet jede Erhöhung des Frequenzhubs eine deutliche Vergrößerung des hierzu erforderlichen apparativen Aufwands Für eine wirklichkeitsnahe Entfernungsbestimmung hat es sich als ausreichend erwiesen, einen Frequenzhub des Radarpulses von gleich 100 GHz/s zu wählen Hierfür können handelsübliche Bauteile verwendet werden Dadurch ergibt sich auch von der Kostenseite her eine deutliche Entlastung
Die Freqenzmodulation des Radarpulses kann nicht nur dazu verwendet werden, innerhalb des Nahbereichs Ziele zu entdecken. Es ist auch möglich, das Verfahren im Fernbereich mit Vorteil einzusetzen. Wird, wie im Patentanspruch 3 angegeben, eine kombinierte Grob-Fein-Entfernungsbestimmung vorgenommen, so kann die Zielentfernung mit hoher, durch die Frequenzmodulation des Radarpulses gegebenen Auflösung bestimmt werden. Die hierzu als Basis verwendete Grob- Entfemungsmessung kann beispielsweise mit einem Raster vorgenommen werden, das durch die Radarpulslänge bestimmt ist.The higher the frequency deviation, the greater the resolution commercially available components are used. This also results in a significant relief from the cost side The frequency modulation of the radar pulse cannot only be used to detect targets within the close range. It is also possible to use the method at a distance in an advantageous manner. If, as stated in claim 3, a combined coarse-fine range determination is carried out, the target range can be determined with a high resolution given by the frequency modulation of the radar pulse. The rough distance measurement used as a basis for this can be carried out, for example, with a grid that is determined by the radar pulse length.
Anhand der Zeichnung ist die Erffindung weiter erläutert. Es zeigtThe invention is further explained on the basis of the drawing. It shows
Fig. 1 einen im Rahmen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ausgesandten Radarpuls1 shows a radar pulse emitted as part of the method according to the invention
Fig. 2 die Überlagerung dieses Pulses mit dem von einem Objekt reflektierten Radarpuls bei kleiner Objektentfernung undFig. 2 shows the superimposition of this pulse with the radar pulse reflected by an object at a small object distance and
Fig. 3 diese Überlagerung bei größerer Objektentfernung.Fig. 3 shows this overlay with greater object distance.
Fig. 1 zeigt als durchgezogene Linien einen Laserpuls, wie er für die Erfindung erforderlich ist. Der Laserpuls ist frequenzmoduliert. Als gestrichelte Linie ist ein aus dem Stand der Technik bekannter Laserpuls mit fester Frequenz während des Sendevorgangs dargestellt. tburst bezeichnet die Sendedauer des Laserpulses.1 shows as solid lines a laser pulse as is required for the invention. The laser pulse is frequency modulated. A dashed line shows a laser pulse with a fixed frequency known from the prior art during the transmission process. t burst denotes the transmission time of the laser pulse.
Fig. 2 zeigt als punktierte Linie den frequenzmodulierten Laserpuls und als gestrichelte Linie den Anteil des an einem Objekt reflektierten Laserpuls, der während der Ausstrahlung des Sendesignals nicht empfangen werden kann und als durchgezogene Linie den Anteil, der direkt nach Beendigung des Sendes doch noch empfangen werden kann. Die Differenz der maximalen zur minimalen Frequenz im empfangenen Signal ist proportional zur Signallaufzeit und damit zur Entfernung Sender - Objekt. Die Bestimmung der Frequenzinhalte des empfangenen Signais erfolgt vorzugsweise durch ein Korrelationsverfahren.
Fig. 3 zeigt als punktierte Linie den frequenzmodulierten Laserpuls und als strichlierte Linie den Anteil des an einem Objekt reflektierten Laserpuls, der in einem ersten Zeittor empfangen wird. Als durchgezogene Linie ist der Anteil dargestellt, der in einem zweiten, direkt folgenden, Zeittor empfangen wird. tempf ist gleich einem Zeittor und gleich tburst. Die Existenz eines Empfangssignals im Zeittor stellt eine Laufzeitinformation dar, die unter Berücksichtigung der Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit des Radarpulses in eine Entfernung umgerechnet werden kann. Der eingehende Laserpuls stellt nun eine grobe Entfernungsinformation dar, die durch Auswertung des Frequenzinhalts des im Zeittor empfangenen Laser-Teilpuls feiner aufgelöst werden kann. Die Differenz der maximalen zur minimalen Frequenz im empfangenen Signal ist proportional zum Zeitverzug, gerechnet von Beginn des Zeittores an und kann in eine Entfernung umgerechnet werden. Da die Empfangszeittore zeitlich gleich zur Sendedauer tburst sind, tritt der reflektierte Laserpuls, d. h. das Empfangssignal typischerweise in zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Zeittoren auf, was eine kombinierte Auswertung ermöglicht. Die Bestimmung der Frequenzinhalte der empfangenen Signale erfolgt vorzugsweise wiederum durch ein Korrelationsverfahren.
Fig. 2 shows as a dotted line the frequency-modulated laser pulse and as a dashed line the portion of the laser pulse reflected on an object that cannot be received during the transmission of the transmission signal and as a solid line the portion that is still received immediately after the end of the transmission can. The difference between the maximum and minimum frequency in the received signal is proportional to the signal transit time and thus to the distance between the transmitter and the object. The frequency content of the received signal is preferably determined by a correlation method. 3 shows the frequency-modulated laser pulse as a dotted line and the portion of the laser pulse reflected on an object that is received in a first time gate as a dashed line. The solid line shows the portion that is received in a second, immediately following, time gate. t rec is equal to a time gate and t burst . The existence of a received signal in the time gate represents runtime information that can be converted into a distance taking into account the propagation speed of the radar pulse. The incoming laser pulse now represents a rough range of information that can be more finely resolved by evaluating the frequency content of the laser partial pulse received in the time gate. The difference between the maximum and minimum frequency in the received signal is proportional to the time delay calculated from the beginning of the time gate and can be converted into a distance. Since the reception time gates are equal in time to the transmission duration t burst , the reflected laser pulse, ie the reception signal, typically occurs in two successive time gates, which enables a combined evaluation. The frequency contents of the received signals are preferably in turn determined by a correlation method.
Claims
1. Puls-Radarverfahren bei dem ein von einer Sende-Empfangseinrichtung ausgesandter und von einem Objekt reflektierter Radarpuls ausgewertet wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß innerhalb eines Radarpulses die Sendefrequenz moduliert wird und daß für eine Entfernung, die kleiner als die halbe Länge des Radarpulses ist, der nach dem Ende des Sendevorgangs eingehende Teilimpuls ausgewertet wird.1. Pulse radar method in which a radar pulse emitted by a transceiver and reflected by an object is evaluated, characterized in that the transmission frequency is modulated within a radar pulse and that for a distance that is less than half the length of the radar pulse, the partial pulse arriving after the end of the transmission process is evaluated.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Frequenzhub des Radarpulses zu 100 GHz/s gewählt wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the frequency deviation of the radar pulse is chosen to be 100 GHz / s.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß für eine Ziel-Entfernung, die ein Mehrfaches der Radarpulslänge beträgt, über die Eingangszeit des reflektierten Pulses eine Grob-Entfernungsbestimmung und über den Modulationsgehalt des reflektierten Pulses eine Fein-3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that for a target distance which is a multiple of the radar pulse length, a rough range determination over the input time of the reflected pulse and a fine over the modulation content of the reflected pulse
Entfemungsbestimmung vorgenommen wird. Distance determination is made.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19646227.4 | 1996-11-08 | ||
| DE1996146227 DE19646227A1 (en) | 1996-11-08 | 1996-11-08 | Pulse radar method with evaluation of the received signals |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1998021601A1 true WO1998021601A1 (en) | 1998-05-22 |
Family
ID=7811111
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP1997/005976 WO1998021601A1 (en) | 1996-11-08 | 1997-10-29 | Pulse radar process with evaluation of the receiving signal |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE19646227A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1998021601A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2804395C1 (en) * | 2023-04-04 | 2023-09-28 | Федеральное государственное казенное военное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Военный учебно-научный центр Военно-воздушных сил "Военно-воздушная академия имени профессора Н.Е. Жуковского и Ю.А. Гагарина" (г. Воронеж) Министерства обороны Российской Федерации | Radar ranging method |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0257977A2 (en) * | 1986-08-20 | 1988-03-02 | The Marconi Company Limited | Radar receiver |
| US5309160A (en) * | 1993-01-04 | 1994-05-03 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Radar system and method having variable tracking range |
| US5351053A (en) * | 1993-07-30 | 1994-09-27 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Ultra wideband radar signal processor for electronically scanned arrays |
| JPH0735852A (en) * | 1993-06-25 | 1995-02-07 | Japan Radio Co Ltd | Forward precaution radar for vehicle |
| EP0715184A1 (en) * | 1994-12-01 | 1996-06-05 | Aerospatiale Societe Nationale Industrielle | Method and apparatus for determining the speed of a movable body by means of a radar or sonar using pulse compression |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2059508A1 (en) * | 1970-12-03 | 1972-06-08 | Krupp Gmbh | Method for backscattering for the correlation of a received signal |
| FR2600778B1 (en) * | 1986-06-27 | 1988-09-02 | Trt Telecom Radio Electr | RADAR DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE DISTANCE FROM A SURFACE |
-
1996
- 1996-11-08 DE DE1996146227 patent/DE19646227A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1997
- 1997-10-29 WO PCT/EP1997/005976 patent/WO1998021601A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0257977A2 (en) * | 1986-08-20 | 1988-03-02 | The Marconi Company Limited | Radar receiver |
| US5309160A (en) * | 1993-01-04 | 1994-05-03 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Radar system and method having variable tracking range |
| JPH0735852A (en) * | 1993-06-25 | 1995-02-07 | Japan Radio Co Ltd | Forward precaution radar for vehicle |
| US5351053A (en) * | 1993-07-30 | 1994-09-27 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Ultra wideband radar signal processor for electronically scanned arrays |
| EP0715184A1 (en) * | 1994-12-01 | 1996-06-05 | Aerospatiale Societe Nationale Industrielle | Method and apparatus for determining the speed of a movable body by means of a radar or sonar using pulse compression |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 95, no. 5 30 June 1995 (1995-06-30) * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2804395C1 (en) * | 2023-04-04 | 2023-09-28 | Федеральное государственное казенное военное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Военный учебно-научный центр Военно-воздушных сил "Военно-воздушная академия имени профессора Н.Е. Жуковского и Ю.А. Гагарина" (г. Воронеж) Министерства обороны Российской Федерации | Radar ranging method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE19646227A1 (en) | 1998-05-14 |
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