WO1998017867A1 - Couplable and decouplable fence - Google Patents

Couplable and decouplable fence Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998017867A1
WO1998017867A1 PCT/ES1997/000255 ES9700255W WO9817867A1 WO 1998017867 A1 WO1998017867 A1 WO 1998017867A1 ES 9700255 W ES9700255 W ES 9700255W WO 9817867 A1 WO9817867 A1 WO 9817867A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fence
leg
fences
coupling
legs
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES1997/000255
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Ignasi Cabrisses Fernandez
Original Assignee
Decoplastic, S.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Decoplastic, S.A. filed Critical Decoplastic, S.A.
Priority to AU47085/97A priority Critical patent/AU4708597A/en
Publication of WO1998017867A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998017867A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F13/00—Arrangements for obstructing or restricting traffic, e.g. gates, barricades ; Preventing passage of vehicles of selected category or dimensions
    • E01F13/02—Arrangements for obstructing or restricting traffic, e.g. gates, barricades ; Preventing passage of vehicles of selected category or dimensions free-standing; portable, e.g. for guarding open manholes ; Portable signs or signals specially adapted for fitting to portable barriers
    • E01F13/022—Pedestrian barriers; Barriers for channelling or controlling crowds
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F13/00—Arrangements for obstructing or restricting traffic, e.g. gates, barricades ; Preventing passage of vehicles of selected category or dimensions
    • E01F13/02—Arrangements for obstructing or restricting traffic, e.g. gates, barricades ; Preventing passage of vehicles of selected category or dimensions free-standing; portable, e.g. for guarding open manholes ; Portable signs or signals specially adapted for fitting to portable barriers
    • E01F13/028—Flexible barrier members, e.g. cords; Means for rendering same conspicuous; Adapted supports, e.g. with storage reel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fence that can be coupled and decoupled with identical or similar ones, consisting of one or more molded parts of a plastic material, which finds its main application in the signaling of works and enclosure enclosures, among others jobs.
  • fences comprising two lateral legs, provided with support feet to the ground and provided with coupling means normally arranged in the lateral uprights above the legs, thanks to which consecutive fences can be joined in order to that a group of fences continually delimit an enclosure or boundary, for example, forming a stiffened structure thanks to the multiple couplings of a plurality of fences.
  • the metal fences have the disadvantage that the coupling is difficult, due to the rigidity of the material, and that they do not allow a stable coupling, a circumstance that makes it necessary to resort to additional means, outside the structure of the fence, that collaborate in the ligature of the fences, constituted for example by cables or ropes, which is dangerous for the physical integrity of people.
  • a circuit of bulbs or lamps is used in series, which are fixed to the fences and wired outdoors.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to solve the explained drawbacks of the current fences.
  • the object of the present invention is a fence that can be coupled with identical or similar ones, of novel concept and design, which has improved stability and lighting means and is easily coupled and decoupled with other fences.
  • the fence object of the present invention is characterized in that it is constituted by an upper beam, provided with at least one point of illumination, of electric and / or cataphotometric type; by a lower crossbar; by lateral legs provided with complementary coupling means; and by at least one central body, disposed between both lower and upper stringers, said pieces being inseparably joined together, for example by heat welding.
  • the fence of the present invention is also characterized in that said central body is hollow and is provided with a housing, the interior of which is accessible by means of a registration cover, to contain means of power supply and protection of the lighting points.
  • the complementary means of coupling the legs are constituted, on one of the legs, by a substantially vertical cylindrical bar, and on the other leg, by an elastic coupling jaw, provided with a complementary groove of the bar, all this in such a way that the coupling of a fence with another identical or similar contiguous one is carried out by introducing the bar of the first pressure fence into the groove of the jaw of the adjacent fence, the bar being and the jaw adapted to carry out small adjustments of the relative vertical position of two consecutive fences, in order to correct height differences between them, and to make angular displacements of a vertical axis of one fence with respect to the other, to adjust their relative angular positions.
  • the fence is provided, in at least one of the legs, with a hole, below which the leg is hollow inside, said hole being adapted for the introduction into the leg of a material heavy filling, such as sand, cement or water, to give more weight to the base of the fence and thus increase the stability of the latter.
  • a material heavy filling such as sand, cement or water
  • the fence comprises one or several vertical reinforcing bars that join the upper beam with the lower beam.
  • At least one first leg is topped at its bottom with two feet that diverge from a certain height of said first leg in a downward direction, the second leg preferably being provided with a widening in its lower part, in order to increase its support surface on the ground, the separation between both feet of the first leg being such that it determines a gap adapted so that, by coupling two fences at an essentially right angle, the widening of the second leg of the first fence can penetrate tightly inside the aforementioned hollow of the second fence.
  • the fence comprises a manual switch and / or a brightness sensor, for the automatic ignition of the lighting points by lowering the ambient luminance level below a predetermined value, and / or a receiver for a remote control for the remote ignition of said lighting points, preferably arranged inside the housing of the central body.
  • the fence comprises electrical coupling means with the other adjacent fences.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a fence according to the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is an exploded elevational view showing the exploded view of the constituent elements of the fence of Fig. 1
  • Figs. 3, 4 and 5 show the three views in opposite side, front and side elevation, respectively, of the fence of Fig. 1
  • Fig. 6 is a front elevation view of a second embodiment of the fence according to the invention
  • Fig. 7 is a front elevation view of a third embodiment of the fence according to the invention
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a fence according to the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is an exploded elevational view showing the exploded view of the constituent elements of the fence of Fig. 1
  • Figs. 3, 4 and 5 show the three views in opposite side, front and side elevation, respectively, of the fence of Fig. 1
  • Fig. 6 is a front elevation view of a second embodiment of the fence according to the invention
  • Fig. 7 is a front elevation view of a third embodiment of the
  • FIG. 8 is an elevation view showing the longitudinal coupling of two consecutive fences according to the invention
  • Fig. 9 is a perspective view, partially sectioned, showing the filling with a heavy material of one of the legs of a fence according to the invention
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the rotating coupling of two consecutive fences
  • Fig. 11 is a perspective view of part of a fence according to the invention, showing a lighting point and the housing of the feeding means inside the central body.
  • the fence 1, 1 'attachable and detachable with others is constituted by an upper crossbar 4, a lower crossbar 5, one or several central bodies 6 and two lateral legs 2 and 3.
  • numerical reference 1 designates a generic fence according to the invention, while with reference 1 'another fence according to the invention is designated, arranged adjacent to fence 1 and which may or may not be identical thereto.
  • All the constituent elements of the fence 1, that is the lateral legs 2 and 3, the upper crossbar 4, the lower crossbar 5 and the central body or bodies 6, are made of a plastic material, preferably by means of a type blowing process. known, said parts being 2 to 6, therefore hollow.
  • parts 2 to 6 are mutually assembled, preferably by a welding process, being irreversibly sympathetic to each other constituting fence 1.
  • the upper beam 4 joins the upper ends of the side legs 2 and 3 and is provided with at least one lighting point 10 of an electric and / or catadioptric type, which in the case of Figs. 1 to 4 are three.
  • Fig. 7 another example is shown in which the fence 1 comprises two central bodies 6.
  • Each central body 6 is disposed between both upper beams 4 and lower 5, and preferably is provided with a housing 7.
  • the housing 7 is adapted to contain inside a battery 11 for the power supply of the lighting points 10 , when these are of an electrical nature, as well as a protection box 23 of the electrical circuit.
  • a manual switch 24 or, alternatively, a brightness sensor, not shown in the drawings, can also be arranged in the housing 7 for automatic switching on of the lighting points 10 by lowering the ambient luminance level below a predetermined value, or a receiver for a remote control, which is also not shown in the drawings, for the remote ignition of said lighting points 10.
  • a registration cover 22 fixed to the central body 6 allows access to the different elements 11, 23, 24 arranged inside the housing 7, for replacement and / or maintenance.
  • the body 6 is adapted for the inclusion in it of a written signaling signal, advertising or for other purposes, either on the cover 22 or on one of its faces devoid of said cover 22.
  • the fence 1 comprises coupling means 8,9, for coupling with another adjacent fence 1 ', arranged on the legs 2 and 3, constituted in the leg 2 by a substantially vertical cylindrical bar 12, arranged essentially at half height of said leg 2.
  • the coupling means 9 are constituted by an elastic coupling jaw 13, provided with a complementary groove 14 of the vertical cylindrical bar 12 and arranged at a height essentially equal to the height of the latter.
  • said vertical cylindrical bar 12 may be embedded in the stile of leg 2, so that does not stand out from the latter.
  • the coupling of two consecutive fences 1, 1 ' is carried out by pressing the bar 12 of the leg 2 of the first fence 1 into the groove 14' of the elastic jaw 13 ' of leg 3 'of the second fence 1'. Since the bar 12 is rigid and the jaw 13 'is elastic, it can easily penetrate into the latter and slide there axially and angularly. Indeed, the bar 12 and the jaw 13 'are adapted to make small adjustments to the relative vertical position of their two respective fences, 1, 1', consecutive, which allows to correct height differences between them, due for example to irregularities of the terrain, as shown in Fig. 8.
  • the bar 12 and the jaw 13 constitute a hinge-like joint of the fence 1 with the fence 1'.
  • the coupling means 8, 9 are adapted to be able to make turns of vertical axis b of a fence 1 with respect to another adjacent fence 1 ', as can be seen in Fig. 10.
  • the angle of a fence 1 with with respect to another fence 1 ' can be between one hundred eighty and forty-five degrees.
  • legs 2 and 3 comprise two holes 15, through which a heavy and cheap material can be introduced, in order to give more weight to the base of fence 1 and thus increase its stability.
  • a heavy and cheap material can be introduced, in order to give more weight to the base of fence 1 and thus increase its stability.
  • Such materials can be water, cement, sand or other similar material in terms of weight and cost, thanks to which the fence 1 can be very light for transport, without the filling material, increasing its weight with the introduction of it when It must be placed.
  • legs 2 and 3 must be hollow internally at the level of said hole 15 and below it.
  • the holes 15 are plugged with an appropriate plug 21 of the conventional type.
  • leg 3 is inferiorly finished with two feet 18 that diverge from a certain height of said leg in a downward direction, while leg 2 is provided with a widening 19 in its lower part, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3
  • Figs. 1 and 5 it can also be seen that between both feet 18 of leg 3 a gap 25 is defined, adapted so that, when two fences 1, 1 'are connected at an essentially right angle, the widening 19 of leg 2 of the first fence 1 can penetrate tightly into said hollow 25 of the second fence 1 '.
  • a plurality of fences 1, 1 ' according to the present invention allows the configuration of the required contours, constituting a structure of great stability, easy to assemble, disassemble and transport.
  • Figs. 6 and 7 show two fences 1 whose total lengths are gradually increasing.
  • the fence 1 preferably comprises one or several vertical reinforcing bars 17, of the same material as the fence 1, which join the upper beam 4 with the lower beam 5 (Figs. 6 and 7).
  • the fence 1 may comprise electrical coupling means with the other adjacent fences. In this way, it is possible to cascade a plurality of fences 1, 1 ', only some of which have power supply means, the rest of the fences being fed - without their own power supply means - through the aforementioned electrical coupling means. Alternatively, the coupling of a plurality of fences 1, 1 'is possible, each of which incorporates its own power supply means.
  • fence 1 may be provided with acoustic means, for acoustic signaling and warning of works or other circumstances in relation to the object of fence 1, which is also within the scope of the inventive concept.

Abstract

The fence is comprised of an upper longitudinal beam (4) provided with lighting points (10), a lower longitudinal beam (5), side legs (2, 3) provided with complementary coupling means (8, 9) comprised, in one of the legs (2), of a substantially vertical cylindrical bar (12) and, in the other leg (3), of an elastic coupling clamp (13) provided with a groove (14) complementary of the bar (12), and at least one central hollow body (6) provided with a housing (7), the inside of which being accessible through a manhole cover (22) in order to receive power supply means (11) and protection means (23) for the lighting points (10). The parts (2-6) are joined inseparably to each other. The coupling of the fences is achieved by pressure-fitting of the bar (12) into a first fence (1) in the group (14') of the clamp (13') of a contiguous fence (1'). Small adjustments (a) of the vertical position of two consecutive fences (1, 1') can be made, as well as angular displacement (b)of the vertical axes of one fence (1) with respet to the other fence (1').

Description

D E S C R I P C I Ó N VALLA ACOPLABLE DE PLASΗCO CON ILUMINACIÓN INCORPORADA D E S C R I P C I O N PLASΗCO COUPLABLE FENCE WITH INCORPORATED LIGHTING
Sector técnico de la invención. -Technical sector of the invention. -
La presente invención se refiere a una valla aco- plable y desacoplable con otras idénticas o similares, constituida por una o varias piezas moldeadas de un material plástico, que encuentra su principal aplicación en la señalización de obras y en el cercado de recintos, entre otros empleos .The present invention relates to a fence that can be coupled and decoupled with identical or similar ones, consisting of one or more molded parts of a plastic material, which finds its main application in the signaling of works and enclosure enclosures, among others jobs.
Estado de la técnica. -State of the art -
En el campo de la señalización vertical es conocido emplear vallas acoplables para la balización, la señalización, la prohibición de accesos o el cierre de recintos, entre otras aplicaciones.In the field of vertical signage it is known to use attachable fences for beaconing, signaling, access prohibition or enclosure closure, among other applications.
En particular, son conocidas vallas que comprenden dos patas laterales, dotadas de pies de apoyo al suelo y provistas de unos medios de acoplamiento dispuestos normalmente en los montantes laterales por encima de las patas, gracias a los cuales se pueden unir vallas consecutivas con objeto de que un grupo de vallas delimiten continuamente un cerramiento o límite, por ejemplo, formando una estructura rigidizada merced a los múltiples acoplamientos de una pluralidad de vallas. Las vallas metálicas presentan el inconveniente de que el acoplamiento es dificultoso, por la rigidez del material, y de que no permiten un acoplamiento estable, circunstancia que obliga a recurrir a medios adicionales, ajenos a la estructura de la valla, que colaboren en la ligadura de las vallas, constituidos por ejemplo por cables o cuerdas, lo cual es peligroso para la integridad física de las personas.In particular, there are known fences comprising two lateral legs, provided with support feet to the ground and provided with coupling means normally arranged in the lateral uprights above the legs, thanks to which consecutive fences can be joined in order to that a group of fences continually delimit an enclosure or boundary, for example, forming a stiffened structure thanks to the multiple couplings of a plurality of fences. The metal fences have the disadvantage that the coupling is difficult, due to the rigidity of the material, and that they do not allow a stable coupling, a circumstance that makes it necessary to resort to additional means, outside the structure of the fence, that collaborate in the ligature of the fences, constituted for example by cables or ropes, which is dangerous for the physical integrity of people.
Para solucionar este inconveniente, actualmente se emplean y son conocidas vallas fabricadas con plástico, material que permite un acoplamiento más fácil de vallas contiguas, por tratarse de un material más flexible.To solve this problem, currently they use and are known fences made of plastic, material that allows an easier coupling of adjacent fences, because it is a more flexible material.
Normalmente, para la iluminación del balizado for- mado por estas vallas se recurre a un circuito de bombillas o lámparas en serie, que se fijan a las vallas y que se cablean a la intemperie.Normally, for the lighting of the beacon formed by these fences, a circuit of bulbs or lamps is used in series, which are fixed to the fences and wired outdoors.
Sin embargo, las vallas así iluminadas presentan inconvenientes importantes. Efectivamente, esta iluminación es precaria, puesto que está constantemente sometida a la intemperie y a la posibilidad de cortocircuitos no protegidos, con el consiguiente riesgo para los transeúntes. Además, presentan claros problemas de toma exterior de corriente.However, the fences thus illuminated present significant disadvantages. Indeed, this lighting is precarious, since it is constantly subjected to the weather and the possibility of unprotected short circuits, with the consequent risk to passersby. In addition, they present clear problems of external power outlet.
Explicación de la invención. -Explanation of the invention. -
La finalidad de la presente invención es solucionar los inconvenientes explicados de que adolecen las vallas actuales .The purpose of the present invention is to solve the explained drawbacks of the current fences.
A tal efecto, el objeto de la presente invención es una valla acoplable con otras idénticas o similares, de novedoso concepto y diseño, que presenta una estabilidad y unos medios de iluminación mejorados y que es de fácil acoplamiento y desacoplamiento con otras vallas. En esencia, la valla objeto de la presente invención se caracteriza porque está constituida por un larguero superior, provisto de por lo menos un punto de iluminación, de tipo eléctrico y/o cata- dióptrico; por un larguero inferior; por unas patas laterales dotadas de medios complementarios de acoplamiento; y por al menos un cuerpo central, dispuesto entre ambos largueros inferior y superior, estando dichas piezas unidas inseparablemente entre sí, por ejemplo por termosoldadura .For this purpose, the object of the present invention is a fence that can be coupled with identical or similar ones, of novel concept and design, which has improved stability and lighting means and is easily coupled and decoupled with other fences. In essence, the fence object of the present invention is characterized in that it is constituted by an upper beam, provided with at least one point of illumination, of electric and / or cataphotometric type; by a lower crossbar; by lateral legs provided with complementary coupling means; and by at least one central body, disposed between both lower and upper stringers, said pieces being inseparably joined together, for example by heat welding.
También se caracteriza la valla de la presente invención porque el citado cuerpo central es hueco y está provisto de un alojamiento, cuyo interior es accesible mediante una tapa de registro, para contener unos medios de alimentación eléctrica y de protección de los puntos de iluminación. Según otra característica de la valla de la presente invención, los medios complementarios de acoplamiento de las patas están constituidos, en una de las patas, por una barra cilindrica sustancialmente vertical, y en la otra pata, por una mordaza de acoplamiento elástico, dotada de una acanaladura complementaria de la barra, todo ello de manera que el acoplamiento de una valla con otra contigua idéntica o similar se lleva a cabo introduciendo la barra de la primera valla a presión en la acanaladura de la mordaza de la valla contigua, estando la barra y la mordaza adaptadas para llevar a cabo pequeños ajustes de la posición vertical relativa de dos vallas consecutivas, con el fin de corregir desniveles de altura entre ellas, y para realizar desplazamientos angulares de eje vertical de una valla con respecto a la otra, para ajustar sus posiciones angulares relativas.The fence of the present invention is also characterized in that said central body is hollow and is provided with a housing, the interior of which is accessible by means of a registration cover, to contain means of power supply and protection of the lighting points. According to another characteristic of the fence of the present invention, the complementary means of coupling the legs are constituted, on one of the legs, by a substantially vertical cylindrical bar, and on the other leg, by an elastic coupling jaw, provided with a complementary groove of the bar, all this in such a way that the coupling of a fence with another identical or similar contiguous one is carried out by introducing the bar of the first pressure fence into the groove of the jaw of the adjacent fence, the bar being and the jaw adapted to carry out small adjustments of the relative vertical position of two consecutive fences, in order to correct height differences between them, and to make angular displacements of a vertical axis of one fence with respect to the other, to adjust their relative angular positions.
De acuerdo con otra característica de la invención, la valla está dotada, en por lo menos una de las patas, de un orificio, por debajo del cual la pata es hueca interiormente, estando adaptado dicho orificio para la introducción en la pata de un material de relleno pesado, tal como por ejemplo arena, cemento o agua, para dar más peso a la base de la valla y aumentar así la estabilidad de esta última.According to another feature of the invention, the fence is provided, in at least one of the legs, with a hole, below which the leg is hollow inside, said hole being adapted for the introduction into the leg of a material heavy filling, such as sand, cement or water, to give more weight to the base of the fence and thus increase the stability of the latter.
Según una forma de realización de la presente invención, la valla comprende una o varías barras verticales de refuerzo que unen el larguero superior con el larguero inferior.According to an embodiment of the present invention, the fence comprises one or several vertical reinforcing bars that join the upper beam with the lower beam.
De acuerdo con otra forma de realización de la invención, por lo menos una primera pata está rematada en su parte inferior con dos pies que divergen desde una determina- da altura de dicha primera pata en sentido descendente, estando la segunda pata preferiblemente dotada de un ensanchamiento en su parte inferior, a fin de aumentar su superficie de apoyo en el suelo, siendo la separación entre ambos pies de la primera pata tal que determina un hueco adaptado para que, al acoplar dos vallas a un ángulo esencialmente recto, el ensanchamiento de la segunda pata de la primera valla pueda penetrar ajustadamente en el interior del citado hueco de la segunda valla.According to another embodiment of the invention, at least one first leg is topped at its bottom with two feet that diverge from a certain height of said first leg in a downward direction, the second leg preferably being provided with a widening in its lower part, in order to increase its support surface on the ground, the separation between both feet of the first leg being such that it determines a gap adapted so that, by coupling two fences at an essentially right angle, the widening of the second leg of the first fence can penetrate tightly inside the aforementioned hollow of the second fence.
Según otra forma de realización de la presente invención, la valla comprende un interruptor manual y/o un sensor de luminosidad, para el encendido automático de los puntos de iluminación al bajar el nivel de luminancia ambiental por debajo de un valor predeterminado, y/o un receptor para un mando a distancia para el encendido remoto de dichos puntos de iluminación, dispuestos preferiblemente en el interior del alojamiento del cuerpo central.According to another embodiment of the present invention, the fence comprises a manual switch and / or a brightness sensor, for the automatic ignition of the lighting points by lowering the ambient luminance level below a predetermined value, and / or a receiver for a remote control for the remote ignition of said lighting points, preferably arranged inside the housing of the central body.
Según otra forma de realización de la presente invención, la valla comprende unos medios de acoplamiento eléctrico con las otras vallas contiguas.According to another embodiment of the present invention, the fence comprises electrical coupling means with the other adjacent fences.
Breve descripción de los dibujos. - Para mejor comprensión de cuanto se expone en la presente descripción, ésta se acompaña de unos dibujos, dados meramente a modo de ejemplo no limitativo, en los cuales: la Fig. 1 es una vista en perspectiva de una valla según la presente invención; la Fig. 2 es una vista en alzado, en explosión, que muestra el despiece de los elementos constitutivos de la valla de la Fig. 1; las Figs . 3, 4 y 5 muestran las tres vistas en alzado lateral, frontal y lateral opuesta, respectivamente, de la valla de la Fig. 1 ; la Fig. 6 es una vista en alzado frontal de una segunda forma de realización de la valla según la invención; la Fig. 7 es una vista en alzado frontal de una tercera forma de realización de la valla según la invención; la Fig. 8 es una vista en alzado que muestra el acoplamiento longitudinal de dos vallas consecutivas según la invención; la Fig. 9 es una vista en perspectiva, parcialmente seccionada, que muestra el relleno con un material pesado de una de las patas de una valla según la invención; la Fig. 10 es una vista esquemática del acoplamiento giratorio de dos vallas consecutivas; y la Fig. 11 es una vista en perspectiva de parte de una valla según la invención, que muestra un punto de ilumi- nación y el alojamiento de los medios de alimentación en el interior del cuerpo central .Brief description of the drawings. - For a better understanding of what is stated in the present description, this is accompanied by drawings, given merely by way of non-limiting example, in which: Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a fence according to the present invention; Fig. 2 is an exploded elevational view showing the exploded view of the constituent elements of the fence of Fig. 1; Figs. 3, 4 and 5 show the three views in opposite side, front and side elevation, respectively, of the fence of Fig. 1; Fig. 6 is a front elevation view of a second embodiment of the fence according to the invention; Fig. 7 is a front elevation view of a third embodiment of the fence according to the invention; Fig. 8 is an elevation view showing the longitudinal coupling of two consecutive fences according to the invention; Fig. 9 is a perspective view, partially sectioned, showing the filling with a heavy material of one of the legs of a fence according to the invention; Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the rotating coupling of two consecutive fences; and Fig. 11 is a perspective view of part of a fence according to the invention, showing a lighting point and the housing of the feeding means inside the central body.
Descripción detallada de los dibujos. - En los dibujos puede apreciarse que la valla 1, 1' acoplable y desacoplable con otras está constituida por un larguero superior 4, un larguero inferior 5, uno o varios cuerpos centrales 6 y dos patas laterales 2 y 3.Detailed description of the drawings. - In the drawings it can be seen that the fence 1, 1 'attachable and detachable with others is constituted by an upper crossbar 4, a lower crossbar 5, one or several central bodies 6 and two lateral legs 2 and 3.
En la presente descripción, la referencia numérica 1 designa una valla genérica según la invención, mientras que con la referencia 1' se designa otra valla según la invención, dispuesta adyacente a la valla 1 y que puede ser idéntica o no a la misma.In the present description, numerical reference 1 designates a generic fence according to the invention, while with reference 1 'another fence according to the invention is designated, arranged adjacent to fence 1 and which may or may not be identical thereto.
Todos los elementos constitutivos de la valla 1, esto es las patas laterales 2 y 3, el larguero superior 4, el larguero inferior 5 y el o los cuerpos centrales 6, están fabricados de un material plástico, preferiblemente mediante un procedimiento de soplado de tipo conocido, siendo dichas partes 2 a 6, por consiguiente huecas.All the constituent elements of the fence 1, that is the lateral legs 2 and 3, the upper crossbar 4, the lower crossbar 5 and the central body or bodies 6, are made of a plastic material, preferably by means of a type blowing process. known, said parts being 2 to 6, therefore hollow.
Una vez fabricadas individualmente, las partes 2 a 6 se ensamblan mutuamente, preferiblemente por un proceso de termosoldadura, quedando irreversiblemente solidarizadas entre sí constituyendo la valla 1.Once manufactured individually, parts 2 to 6 are mutually assembled, preferably by a welding process, being irreversibly sympathetic to each other constituting fence 1.
El larguero superior 4 une los extremos superiores de las patas laterales 2 y 3 y está provisto de por lo menos un punto de iluminación 10 de tipo eléctrico y/o catadióptri- co, que en el caso de las Figs . 1 a 4 son tres.The upper beam 4 joins the upper ends of the side legs 2 and 3 and is provided with at least one lighting point 10 of an electric and / or catadioptric type, which in the case of Figs. 1 to 4 are three.
En las Figs. 1 a 6 y en la Fig. 8 se muestran vallasIn Figs. 1 to 6 and fences are shown in Fig. 8
1, 1' provistas de un único cuerpo central 6, mientras que en la Fig. 7 se muestra otro ejemplo en que la valla 1 comprende dos cuerpos centrales 6. Cada cuerpo central 6 está dispuesto entre ambos largueros superior 4 e inferior 5, y, preferiblemente, está provisto de un alojamiento 7. Según se muestra en la Fig. 11, el alojamiento 7 está adaptado para contener en su interior una batería 11 para la alimentación eléctrica de los puntos de iluminación 10, cuando éstos sean de naturaleza eléctrica, así como una caja de protección 23 del circuito eléctrico.1, 1 'provided with a single central body 6, while in Fig. 7 another example is shown in which the fence 1 comprises two central bodies 6. Each central body 6 is disposed between both upper beams 4 and lower 5, and preferably is provided with a housing 7. As shown in Fig. 11, the housing 7 is adapted to contain inside a battery 11 for the power supply of the lighting points 10 , when these are of an electrical nature, as well as a protection box 23 of the electrical circuit.
Según un modo de realización de la valla 1 de la presente invención, en el alojamiento 7 se puede disponer también un interruptor manual 24 ó, alternativamente, un sensor de luminosidad, no mostrado en los dibujos, para el encendido automático de los puntos de iluminación 10 al bajar el nivel de luminancia ambiental por debajo de un valor predeterminado, o un receptor para un mando a distancia, que tampoco se muestra en los dibujos, para el encendido remoto de dichos puntos de iluminación 10.According to an embodiment of the fence 1 of the present invention, a manual switch 24 or, alternatively, a brightness sensor, not shown in the drawings, can also be arranged in the housing 7 for automatic switching on of the lighting points 10 by lowering the ambient luminance level below a predetermined value, or a receiver for a remote control, which is also not shown in the drawings, for the remote ignition of said lighting points 10.
Una tapa de registro 22 fijada al cuerpo central 6 permite acceder a los diferentes elementos 11, 23, 24 dispuestos en el interior del alojamiento 7, para su substitución y/o mantenimiento. El cuerpo 6 está adaptado para la inclusión en él de un mensaje escrito de señalización, publicitario o con otros fines, bien sobre la tapa 22 o bien sobre una de sus caras desprovista de dicha tapa 22.A registration cover 22 fixed to the central body 6 allows access to the different elements 11, 23, 24 arranged inside the housing 7, for replacement and / or maintenance. The body 6 is adapted for the inclusion in it of a written signaling signal, advertising or for other purposes, either on the cover 22 or on one of its faces devoid of said cover 22.
La valla 1 comprende unos medios de acoplamiento 8,9, para su acoplamiento con otra valla contigua 1', dispuestos en las patas 2 y 3, constituidos en la pata 2 por una barra cilindrica 12 sustancialmente vertical, dispuesta esencialmente a media altura de dicha pata 2. En la otra pata 3, los medios de acoplamiento 9 están constituidos por una mordaza de acoplamiento elástico 13, dotada de una acanaladura 14 complementaria de la barra cilindrica vertical 12 y dispuesta a una altura esencialmente igual a la altura de esta última.The fence 1 comprises coupling means 8,9, for coupling with another adjacent fence 1 ', arranged on the legs 2 and 3, constituted in the leg 2 by a substantially vertical cylindrical bar 12, arranged essentially at half height of said leg 2. On the other leg 3, the coupling means 9 are constituted by an elastic coupling jaw 13, provided with a complementary groove 14 of the vertical cylindrical bar 12 and arranged at a height essentially equal to the height of the latter.
Alternativamente a la representación que se hace de ella en las Figs. 1 a 8, dicha barra cilindrica vertical 12 puede estar embebida en el montante de la pata 2, de manera que no sobresalga de esta última.Alternatively to the representation made of it in Figs. 1 to 8, said vertical cylindrical bar 12 may be embedded in the stile of leg 2, so that does not stand out from the latter.
El acoplamiento de dos vallas consecutivas 1, 1', mostrado en particular en la Fig.8, se lleva a cabo introduciendo a presión la barra 12 de la pata 2 de la primera valla 1 en la acanaladura 14' de la mordaza elástica 13' de la pata 3' de la segunda valla 1' . Dado que la barra 12 es rígida y la mordaza 13' es elástica, aquélla puede penetrar fácilmente en el interior de esta última y deslizarse allí axial y angularmente . Efectivamente, la barra 12 y la mordaza 13' están adaptadas para realizar pequeños ajustes a de la posición vertical relativa de sus dos vallas respectivas, 1, 1', consecutivas, lo que permite corregir desniveles de altura entre ellas, debidas por ejemplo a irregularidades del terreno, tal como se muestra en la Fig. 8.The coupling of two consecutive fences 1, 1 ', shown in particular in Fig. 8, is carried out by pressing the bar 12 of the leg 2 of the first fence 1 into the groove 14' of the elastic jaw 13 ' of leg 3 'of the second fence 1'. Since the bar 12 is rigid and the jaw 13 'is elastic, it can easily penetrate into the latter and slide there axially and angularly. Indeed, the bar 12 and the jaw 13 'are adapted to make small adjustments to the relative vertical position of their two respective fences, 1, 1', consecutive, which allows to correct height differences between them, due for example to irregularities of the terrain, as shown in Fig. 8.
La barra 12 y la mordaza 13' constituyen una articulación a modo de bisagra de la valla 1 con la valla 1' . Efectivamente, los medios de acoplamiento 8, 9 están adaptados para poder realizar giros de eje vertical b de una valla 1 con respecto a otra valla adyacente 1', tal como se puede apreciar en la Fig. 10. El ángulo de una valla 1 con respecto a otra valla 1' puede estar comprendido entre ciento ochenta y cuarenta y cinco grados.The bar 12 and the jaw 13 'constitute a hinge-like joint of the fence 1 with the fence 1'. Indeed, the coupling means 8, 9 are adapted to be able to make turns of vertical axis b of a fence 1 with respect to another adjacent fence 1 ', as can be seen in Fig. 10. The angle of a fence 1 with with respect to another fence 1 'can be between one hundred eighty and forty-five degrees.
En la Fig. 1 se puede apreciar que las patas 2 y 3 comprenden sendos orificios 15, por los que se puede introducir un material pesado y barato, con objeto de dar más peso a la base de la valla 1 y aumentar así su estabilidad. Tales materiales pueden ser agua, cemento, arena u otro material similar en cuanto a peso y coste, merced a lo cual la valla 1 puede ser muy liviana para su transporte, sin el material de relleno, aumentando su peso con la introducción de éste cuando deba ser emplazada. Obviamente, las patas 2 y 3 deben ser huecas interiormente a nivel del citado orificio 15 y por debajo del mismo. Preferiblemente los orificios 15 se tapan con un tapón 21 apropiado de tipo convencional. Con objeto de aumentar la superficie de apoyo de la valla 1 en el suelo 20, y por lo tanto su estabilidad, la pata 3 está acabada inferiormente con dos pies 18 que divergen desde una determinada altura de dicha pata en sentido descendente, al tiempo que la pata 2 está dotada de un ensanchamiento 19 en su parte inferior, según se muestra en las Figs . 1 y 3.In Fig. 1 it can be seen that legs 2 and 3 comprise two holes 15, through which a heavy and cheap material can be introduced, in order to give more weight to the base of fence 1 and thus increase its stability. Such materials can be water, cement, sand or other similar material in terms of weight and cost, thanks to which the fence 1 can be very light for transport, without the filling material, increasing its weight with the introduction of it when It must be placed. Obviously, legs 2 and 3 must be hollow internally at the level of said hole 15 and below it. Preferably the holes 15 are plugged with an appropriate plug 21 of the conventional type. In order to increase the support surface of the fence 1 on the floor 20, and therefore its stability, the leg 3 is inferiorly finished with two feet 18 that diverge from a certain height of said leg in a downward direction, while leg 2 is provided with a widening 19 in its lower part, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3
En las Figs. 1 y 5 también se puede apreciar que entre ambos pies 18 de la pata 3 queda definido un hueco 25, adaptado para que, al acoplar dos vallas 1, 1' en ángulo esencialmente recto, el ensanchamiento 19 de la pata 2 de la primera valla 1 pueda penetrar ajustadamente en el interior del citado hueco 25 de la segunda valla 1' .In Figs. 1 and 5 it can also be seen that between both feet 18 of leg 3 a gap 25 is defined, adapted so that, when two fences 1, 1 'are connected at an essentially right angle, the widening 19 of leg 2 of the first fence 1 can penetrate tightly into said hollow 25 of the second fence 1 '.
Gracias a todo ello, una pluralidad de vallas 1, 1' según la presente invención permite la configuración de los contornos requeridos, constituyendo una estructura de una gran estabilidad, fácil de montar, desmontar y transportar. Según la presente invención es posible la fabricación de una gama de vallas 1, que no difieran entre sí más que en la longitud, empleando las mismas patas 2 y 3 y los mismos cuerpos centrales 6, y utilizando largueros superiores 4 e inferiores 5 de longitud diferente. Debe entenderse que ello es muy favorable a efectos de la economía de fabricación, máxime cuando se necesita un único tipo de molde para la fabricación de las patas 2, 3 y los largueros 4, 5 por soplado, que según se ha dicho es el procedimiento preferido, siendo posible el empleo de un único molde de tipo extensible conocido.Thanks to all this, a plurality of fences 1, 1 'according to the present invention allows the configuration of the required contours, constituting a structure of great stability, easy to assemble, disassemble and transport. According to the present invention it is possible to manufacture a range of fences 1, which do not differ from each other more than in length, using the same legs 2 and 3 and the same central bodies 6, and using upper beams 4 and lower beams 5 in length different. It should be understood that this is very favorable for the purposes of the manufacturing economy, especially when a single type of mold is needed for the manufacture of legs 2, 3 and the stringers 4, 5 by blowing, which as said is the procedure preferred, the use of a single mold of known extensible type being possible.
En las Figs. 6 y 7 se muestran sendas vallas 1 cuyas longitudes totales son paulatinamente crecientes. Para reforzar la estructura de la valla 1 cuando la longitud de ésta es lo suficientemente grande como para ser susceptible de verse sometida a flexiones de valor elevado, la valla 1 preferiblemente comprende una o varias barras verticales 17 de refuerzo, del mismo material que la valla 1, que unen el larguero superior 4 con el larguero inferior 5 (Figs. 6 y 7) . La valla 1 puede comprender unos medios de acoplamiento eléctrico con las otras vallas contiguas. De este modo es posible el acoplamiento en cascada de una pluralidad de vallas 1, 1', solamente algunas de las cuales dispongan de medios de alimentación eléctrica, alimentándose el resto de vallas -desprovistas de medios de alimentación eléctrica propios- a través de los citados medios de acoplamiento eléctrico. Alternativamente, es posible el acoplamiento de una pluralidad de vallas 1, 1', cada una de las cuales incorpore sus propios medios de alimentación eléctrica.In Figs. 6 and 7 show two fences 1 whose total lengths are gradually increasing. In order to reinforce the structure of the fence 1 when the length of the fence is large enough to be subject to high-value bending, the fence 1 preferably comprises one or several vertical reinforcing bars 17, of the same material as the fence 1, which join the upper beam 4 with the lower beam 5 (Figs. 6 and 7). The fence 1 may comprise electrical coupling means with the other adjacent fences. In this way, it is possible to cascade a plurality of fences 1, 1 ', only some of which have power supply means, the rest of the fences being fed - without their own power supply means - through the aforementioned electrical coupling means. Alternatively, the coupling of a plurality of fences 1, 1 'is possible, each of which incorporates its own power supply means.
Descrita suficientemente la naturaleza de la invención, así como la manera de ponerla en práctica, se hace notar que todo cuanto no altere, cambie o modifique su principio fundamental puede quedar sometido a variaciones de detalle.Describing sufficiently the nature of the invention, as well as the way of putting it into practice, it is noted that everything that does not alter, change or modify its fundamental principle may be subject to variations in detail.
En este sentido debe entenderse que, aunque el procedimiento preferido de fabricación de las partes 2 a 6 constitutivas de la valla 1, sea un procedimiento de soplado, siendo las partes 2 a 6 consiguientemente huecas, es igual - mente posible cualquier otro procedimiento conocido de fabricación, pudiendo dichas partes 2 a 6 ser parcial o totalmente huecas, salvo en aquello explícitamente mencionado, quedando al amparo de la protección de la presente invención. Debe igualmente entenderse que el alcance de la protección de la presente invención comprende asimismo una valla 1 acoplable y desacoplable con otras 1', constituida por una única pieza de material plástico, fabricada por moldeo, en cuyo caso la valla 1, 1' resulta maciza.In this regard, it should be understood that, although the preferred method of manufacturing parts 2 to 6 constituting fence 1, is a blowing process, parts 2 to 6 being consequently hollow, any other known process of manufacturing, said parts 2 to 6 being able to be partially or totally hollow, except as explicitly mentioned, being protected by the present invention. It should also be understood that the scope of protection of the present invention also includes a fence 1 that can be coupled and detachable with other 1 ', consisting of a single piece of plastic material, manufactured by molding, in which case fence 1, 1' is solid .
Igualmente, la valla 1 puede estar provista de unos medios acústicos, para la señalización y aviso acústicos de obras u otras circunstancias en relación con el objeto de la valla 1, quedando ello también dentro del alcance del concepto inventivo.Likewise, fence 1 may be provided with acoustic means, for acoustic signaling and warning of works or other circumstances in relation to the object of fence 1, which is also within the scope of the inventive concept.
Lo esencial y por lo que se solicita patente de invención, por veinte años, es lo que queda resumido en las siguientes reivindicaciones. The essential and for which patent of invention is requested, for twenty years, is what is summarized in the following claims.

Claims

R E I V I N D I C A C I O N E S
1.- Valla (1, 1') acoplable y desacoplable con o- tras idénticas o similares, constituida por una o varias piezas moldeadas de un material plástico, caracterizada porque está constituida por un larguero superior (4) , provisto de por lo menos un punto de iluminación (10) , de tipo eléctrico y/o catadióptrico; por un larguero inferior (5) ; por unas patas laterales (2, 3) dotadas de medios complementarios de acoplamiento (8, 9); y por al menos un cuerpo central (6), dis- puesto entre ambos largueros inferior y superior, estando dichas piezas unidas inseparablemente entre sí, por ejemplo por termosoldadura .1.- Fence (1, 1 ') attachable and detachable with identical or similar o-, constituted by one or several molded parts of a plastic material, characterized in that it is constituted by an upper crossbar (4), provided with at least an illumination point (10), of electrical and / or catadioptric type; by a lower crossbar (5); by lateral legs (2, 3) provided with complementary coupling means (8, 9); and by at least one central body (6), disposed between both lower and upper stringers, said pieces being inseparably joined together, for example by heat welding.
2.- Valla (1, 1') según la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque el citado cuerpo central (6) es hueco y está provisto de un alojamiento (7) , cuyo interior es accesible mediante una tapa de registro (22) , para contener unos medios de alimentación eléctrica (11) y de protección (23) de los puntos de iluminación (10) .2. Fence (1, 1 ') according to claim 1, characterized in that said central body (6) is hollow and is provided with a housing (7), the interior of which is accessible by means of a registration cover (22), for contain power supply means (11) and protection (23) of the lighting points (10).
3.- Valla (1, 1') según la reivindicación 1, carac- terizada porque los medios complementarios de acoplamiento3. - Fence (1, 1 ') according to claim 1, characterized in that the complementary coupling means
(8, 9) de las patas (2, 3) están constituidos, en una de las patas (2) , por una barra cilindrica sustancialmente vertical(8, 9) of the legs (2, 3) are constituted, on one of the legs (2), by a substantially vertical cylindrical bar
(12) , y en la otra pata (3) , por una mordaza de acoplamiento elástico (13) , dotada de una acanaladura (14) complementaria de la barra (12) , todo ello de manera que el acoplamiento de una valla (1) con otra contigua (1') idéntica o similar se lleva a cabo introduciendo la barra (12) de la primera valla(12), and on the other leg (3), by an elastic coupling jaw (13), provided with a complementary groove (14) of the bar (12), all so that the coupling of a fence (1) ) with another contiguous (1 ') identical or similar is carried out by introducing the bar (12) of the first fence
(1) a presión en la acanaladura (14') de la mordaza (13') de la valla contigua (1'), estando la barra (12) y la mordaza (13') adaptadas para llevar a cabo pequeños ajustes (a) de la posición vertical relativa de dos vallas consecutivas (1,(1) under pressure in the groove (14 ') of the jaw (13') of the adjacent fence (1 '), the bar (12) and the jaw (13') being adapted to make small adjustments (a ) of the relative vertical position of two consecutive fences (1,
1') , con el fin de corregir desniveles de altura entre ellas, y para realizar desplazamientos angulares (b) de eje vertical de una valla (1) con respecto a la otra (1'), para ajustar sus posiciones angulares relativas.1 '), in order to correct height differences between them, and to make angular displacements (b) of vertical axis of a fence (1) with respect to the other (1'), to adjust their relative angular positions.
4.- Valla (1, 1') según las reivindicaciones 1 y 3, caracterizada porque está dotada, en por lo menos una de las patas (2, 3) , de un orificio (15) por debajo del cual la pata es hueca interiormente, estando adaptado dicho orificio para la introducción en la pata de un material de relleno (16) pesado, tal como por ejemplo arena, cemento o agua, para dar más peso a la base de la valla y aumentar así la estabilidad de esta última.4.- Fence (1, 1 ') according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that it is provided, in at least one of the legs (2, 3), with a hole (15) below which the leg is hollow inside, said hole being adapted for the introduction into the leg of a filling material (16) heavy, such as sand, cement or water, to give more weight to the base of the fence and thus increase the stability of the latter.
5.- Valla (1, 1') según la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque comprende una o varias barras verticales (17) de refuerzo que unen el larguero superior (4) con el larguero inferior (5) .5. - Fence (1, 1 ') according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises one or several vertical reinforcing bars (17) that join the upper crossbar (4) with the lower crossbar (5).
6.- Valla (1, 1') según las reivindicaciones 1, 3 y 4, caracterizada porque por lo menos una primera pata (3) está rematada en su parte inferior con dos pies (18) que di- vergen desde una determinada altura de dicha pata en sentido descendente, estando la segunda pata (2) preferiblemente dotada de un ensanchamiento (19) en su parte inferior, a fin de aumentar su superficie de apoyo en el suelo (20) , siendo la separación entre ambos pies (18) de la primera pata tal que determina un hueco (25) adaptado para que, al acoplar dos vallas (1, 1') a un ángulo esencialmente recto, el ensanchamiento (19) de la segunda pata (2) de la primera valla (1) pueda penetrar ajustadamente en el interior del citado hueco (25) de la segunda valla (1') . 6. Fence (1, 1 ') according to claims 1, 3 and 4, characterized in that at least one first leg (3) is topped at its bottom with two feet (18) that diverge from a certain height of said leg in a downward direction, the second leg (2) being preferably provided with a widening (19) in its lower part, in order to increase its bearing surface on the ground (20), the separation between both feet (18) being ) of the first leg such that it determines a gap (25) adapted so that, when coupling two fences (1, 1 ') at an essentially right angle, the widening (19) of the second leg (2) of the first fence ( 1) can penetrate tightly inside the aforementioned recess (25) of the second fence (1 ').
7.- Valla (1, 1') según la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque comprende un interruptor manual (24) y/o un sensor de luminosidad, para el encendido automático de los puntos de iluminación (10) al bajar el nivel de luminancia ambiental por debajo de un valor predeterminado, y/o un receptor para un mando a distancia para el encendido remoto de dichos puntos de iluminación, dispuestos preferiblemente en el interior del alojamiento (7) del cuerpo central (6) .7. Fence (1, 1 ') according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a manual switch (24) and / or a brightness sensor, for the automatic switching on of the lighting points (10) when the luminance level is lowered ambient below a predetermined value, and / or a receiver for a remote control for the remote ignition of said lighting points, preferably arranged inside the housing (7) of the central body (6).
8.- Valla (1, 1') según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizada porque comprende unos medios de acoplamiento eléctrico con las otras vallas contiguas . 8. - Fence (1, 1 ') according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises means of electrical coupling with the other adjacent fences.
PCT/ES1997/000255 1996-10-24 1997-10-24 Couplable and decouplable fence WO1998017867A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU47085/97A AU4708597A (en) 1996-10-24 1997-10-24 Couplable and decouplable fence

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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ESP9602251 1996-10-24
ES009602251A ES2146500B1 (en) 1996-10-24 1996-10-24 COUPLABLE AND DISCOVERABLE Fence.

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WO2002072979A2 (en) * 2001-03-14 2002-09-19 Plastic Fences, S.A. Barrier for enclosures and signage
ITLE20110018A1 (en) * 2011-10-28 2013-04-29 Mauro Meret BRIGHT ROAD TRAIN
GB2527583A (en) * 2014-06-26 2015-12-30 Nickos Koulouris Uplighting/downlighting barrier system
WO2020065246A1 (en) * 2018-09-28 2020-04-02 Oxford Plastic Systems Limited Temporary barrier

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ES1055178Y (en) * 2003-07-17 2008-11-01 Congost Plastic S A FENCE ELEMENT FOR WORKS AND SIMILAR
ES1057928Y (en) * 2004-06-30 2005-05-16 Acefhat Aie MODULAR FENCE FOR CLOSURES AND SIGNALING.

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WO2020065246A1 (en) * 2018-09-28 2020-04-02 Oxford Plastic Systems Limited Temporary barrier
GB2577563B (en) * 2018-09-28 2022-07-20 Oxford Plastic Sys Ltd Temporary barrier

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Publication number Publication date
ES2146500A1 (en) 2000-08-01
AU4708597A (en) 1998-05-15
ES2146500B1 (en) 2001-03-01

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