WO1998016001A1 - Procede et appareil destines a reguler le debit d'un liquide - Google Patents

Procede et appareil destines a reguler le debit d'un liquide Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998016001A1
WO1998016001A1 PCT/AU1997/000669 AU9700669W WO9816001A1 WO 1998016001 A1 WO1998016001 A1 WO 1998016001A1 AU 9700669 W AU9700669 W AU 9700669W WO 9816001 A1 WO9816001 A1 WO 9816001A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
magnetic field
magnets
passageway
apparatus defined
rotor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU1997/000669
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Owen William Davies
Philip James Owen
Robert Lachlan Mcintosh
Peter J. Ellis
Original Assignee
The Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AUPO2749A external-priority patent/AUPO274996A0/en
Priority claimed from AUPO5180A external-priority patent/AUPO518097A0/en
Application filed by The Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited filed Critical The Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited
Priority to AU44454/97A priority Critical patent/AU4445497A/en
Publication of WO1998016001A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998016001A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K44/00—Machines in which the dynamo-electric interaction between a plasma or flow of conductive liquid or of fluid-borne conductive or magnetic particles and a coil system or magnetic field converts energy of mass flow into electrical energy or vice versa
    • H02K44/02—Electrodynamic pumps
    • H02K44/06—Induction pumps

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for controlling the flow of an electrically conductive liquid in a passageway that is based on applying an electromagnetic force to the conductive liquid.
  • the present invention relates particularly, although by no means exclusively, to a method and an apparatus for electromagnetically pumping liquid metals and alloys in a passageway.
  • the present invention relates to electromagnetically braking liquid metals and alloys in a passageway.
  • passageway is understood to mean any suitable pipe, duct, channel or the like for conveying conductive liquids.
  • electrostatic force is understood herein to mean the force generated in a conductive liquid by the interaction of an electric current in the conductive liquid and a magnetic field.
  • Electromagnetic force is described by the vector equation:
  • f is the electromagnetic force per unit volume exerted on an element of the conductive liquid
  • J is the current density at the point where the element is located
  • B is the magnetic field strength at the point.
  • the electromagnetic force f will be in a direction perpendicular to both the magnetic field and the direction of current flow and will be non-zero as long as there is a component of the magnetic field that is perpendicular to the current .
  • the current may be generated by an external voltage or, alternatively, induced in the conductive liquid as a result of a variation in the magnetic field with time.
  • Induction pumps and conduction pumps are examples of known electromagnetic pumps.
  • Induction pumps operate by generating a travelling magnetic field along a straight section of a pipe or channel containing a conductive liquid and thereby inducing electric currents in the conductive liquid.
  • the currents interact with the magnetic field in accordance with the above equation to generate a net force to move the conductive liquid along the length of the pipe or channel.
  • Conduction pumps operate by providing a static magnetic field at right angles to the axis of a pipe or channel containing a conductive liquid and by applying an electric current from an external source to the conductive liquid via electrodes embedded in the pipe or channel.
  • the conductive liquid forming the current path at any instance is subject to a force in a direction along the length of the pipe or channel in accordance with the above equation.
  • the pressure or static head which can be generated by an induction pump is related to the magnetic flux density at right angles to the flowing liquid, and to the component of electric current at right angles to the flux.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for electromagnetically pumping conductive liquids which alleviates the problem described in the preceding paragraph.
  • an apparatus for controlling the flow of a conductive liquid through a passageway which apparatus comprises:
  • the relative movement of the magnetic field and the conductive liquid generates an electric current in the conductive liquid, and the magnetic field and the electric current interact in accordance with the equation set out above to generate an electromagnetic force to move the conductive liquid along the passageway in the flow direction.
  • the above apparatus is an effective means of electromagnetically generating a high static head with conductive liquids and of controlling the pressure and hence the flow rate.
  • the apparatus can be used bi-directionally and, in addition to pumping a conductive liquid, can be used to apply a braking force to the liquid.
  • the magnetic field generating means may comprise any suitable means such as permanent magnets or electromagnets .
  • the magnetic field generating means comprise a plurality of permanent magnets.
  • the rotation means be adapted to rotate the magnetic field so that at least a component of the magnetic field moves in the flow direction.
  • the rotation means be adapted to rotate the magnetic field so that at least a component of the magnetic field moves in the opposite direction to the flow direction.
  • the rotation means may comprise one or more rotors arranged to support the permanent magnets and to rotate about the axis .
  • the magnets be mounted to each rotor with adjacent poles of the magnets being of opposite polarity.
  • the magnetic flux density varies sinusoidally around the circumference of each rotor.
  • the magnets be arranged in a circular array on each rotor.
  • the magnets be disk shaped.
  • the magnetic field generating means comprise a backing member for the magnets formed from a high permeability material, such as mild steel, to improve the magnetic field path.
  • the rotation means comprises two rotors, with each rotor carrying a plurality of the magnets, and the rotors being spaced apart so that there is a gap G between the magnets of one rotor and the magnets of the other rotor, and the magnets being arranged so that each magnet of one rotor faces a respective one of the magnets of the other rotor, with the facing poles of the magnets being of opposite polarity.
  • the ratio of the diameter of the magnets and the gap G between the rotors be at least
  • the ratio of the diameter of the magnets and the gap G between the rotors be at least 1.5:1. With such an arrangement it is preferred that the pump section of the passageway extend through the gap.
  • the rotation means comprises, a drive shaft that supports both rotors and extends through the gap between the rotors, and a motor means to rotate the drive shaft about its longitudinal axis .
  • the rotation means comprises, a separate drive shaft for each rotor, and a motor means to rotate the drive shafts.
  • the passageway may be of any suitable shape and be formed from any suitable material.
  • the shape be selected to maximise the length of the pump section of the passageway that is subject, in use, to the rotating magnetic field transverse to the required flow direction.
  • the pump section of the passageway be U-shaped.
  • a method of controlling the flow of a conductive liquid through a passageway which method comprises:
  • the method comprises rotating the magnetic field so that a least a component of the magnetic field moves in the flow direction to pump the liquid in the flow direction.
  • the method comprises rotating the magnetic field so that at least a component of the magnetic field moves in the opposite direction to the flow direction.
  • Figure 1 is a side elevation of one embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-section along the line 2-2 in Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 3 is a vertical cross-section through a lower portion of the U-shaped section of the pipe which forms part of the apparatus shown in the Figures which illustrates the flow of current induced in conductive liquid in the pipe in use of the apparatus as a pump;
  • Figure 4 is top plan view of another embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention.
  • a conductive liquid such as molten zinc or copper
  • a pipe 3 in the direction of the arrows marked X in Figure 2. It is noted that the present invention is not limited to this application and could be used to brake the flow of the liquid through the pipe 3.
  • the apparatus comprises 2 circular arrays of permanent magnets 5 formed from Neodymium/Boron/Iron or any other suitable material supported by rotors 7a, 7b which, in use, are rotated about a central horizontal axis 9.
  • the magnets 5 are disk shaped and have a diameter that is as large as possible given the size of the rotors 7a, 7b and are arranged with a spacing that is as small as possible between adjacent magnets.
  • the rotors 7a, 7b are spaced- apart so that the opposed faces of the magnets 5 are separated by a gap G.
  • the magnets 5 on the rotors 7a, 7b are arranged in pairs with each magnet 5 on rotor 7a facing a magnet 5 of opposite polarity on rotor 7b.
  • the magnets 5 are arranged on each rotor 7a, 7b with adjacent magnets 5 having opposite polarities. As a consequence, the magnetic flux density varies approximately sinusoidally around the circular arrays .
  • a U-shaped section 11 of the pipe 3 is arranged to extend into the gap G so that, in use, a conductive liquid in the U-shaped section 11 is subject to the magnetic fields produced by the pairs of magnets 5 on the rotors 7a, 7b.
  • annular ring of mild steel, or other suitable high permeability material is provided as a backing member for the magnets 5 on each rotor 7a, 7b.
  • the rotors 7a, 7b are mounted on a drive shaft 15 which extends through the gap G.
  • a 3 phase motor 19 is coupled to one end of the drive shaft 15 and the motor 19 is operable to rotate the drive shaft 15 to thereby move the magnets 5 about the axis 9 in the direction of the arrow Y in Figure 2.
  • the effect of the rotating magnetic fields between the pairs of magnets 5 is to induce circulating electric currents in the conductive liquid at that time in the U-shaped section 11 of the pipe 3.
  • the magnetic fields and the electric currents interact to produce an electromagnetic force which acts on the conductive liquid to pump the conductive liquid through the section 11 of the pipe in the direction of the arrows X in Figure 2.
  • the flow of the induced currents is illustrated in Figure 3, and it is the radial components of the currents that contribute to the pumping effect .
  • the electromagnetically produced force is proportional to the magnetic flux density and to the magnitude of the induced current. Since the magnitude of the current is proportional to the flux density also, this means that the force is proportional to the square of the flux.
  • the force is also a function of the spatial rate of change of flux in the direction of motion. Important structural factors that have an effect on the magnetic flux density include the size of the gap G between the magnets 5 and the ratio of the magnet face versus gap size. The applicant found that good results were achieved in laboratory experiments with a
  • U-shaped section 11 positioned in gaps G of between 15 and 30 mm.
  • an important feature of the pump is that the pressure or static head of the conductive liquid be proportional to the rate of rotation of the magnets 5.
  • the embodiment shown in Figure 3 is conceptually similar to that shown in Figures 1 and 2, and the main difference is that the rotors 7a, 7b are mounted to separate aligned drive shafts 15a, 15b, and the drive shafts 15a, 15b are separately coupled via gear drives 21 to a motor 19.
  • the advantage of this arrangement is that the U-shaped section 11 of the pipe 3 is the only component that occupies the gap G between the magnets 5.
  • Indalloy (Bi 49%, Pb 18%, Sn 12%, In 21%) , an alloy with a melting point of 57°C, 1.25xl0 6 ⁇ '1 !- * . ""1 conductivity and 9100 kg/m 3 density, through the pump.
  • the rotors 7a, 7b were 210 mm in diameter and there were 8 magnets 5 on each rotor 7a, 7b.
  • the rotors 7a, 7b were located on a keyed shaft 15 such that the spacing between the pole faces could be easily adjusted.
  • Two U-shaped pipe sections 11 were tested, one from a non-conductive high strength glass-epoxy resin and the second from stainless steel .
  • the pump was arranged so that molten Indalloy contained in a small tank was fed vertically downwards into the pump.
  • a pipe (not shown) of 4 m length was connected vertically at the pump outlet.
  • the pumping head was measured through the displacement of a float inserted into - li ⁇
  • Table 1 shows the measured pump pressure at 3 magnet gaps G.
  • the pump was operated to a speed of 2000 RPM and the torque and power required were easily supplied by a conventional 5.5 kW 3-phase 4-pole motor.
  • An increase of between 2-16% in static head was measured when the non- conductive U-tube was replaced with a stainless steel tube of the same design.
  • the laboratory experiments also found that the ratio of the diameter of the magnets 5 and the gap G between the rotors 7a, 7b should be at least 1:1 for optimum performance. Specifically, the applicant found that performance dropped off quickly at ratios less than 1:1.
  • the embodiments comprise permanent magnets 5 arranged in a circular array on the rotors 7a, 7b, it can be readily appreciated that the present invention is not so limited and extends to the use of electromagnets and permanent magnets arranged in any suitable array.
  • the present invention is not so limited and extends to any suitable shape of section of pipe 3.
  • the present invention extends to the use of rotating magnetic fields in relation to straight and 90° curve sections of pipes.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Dynamo-Electric Clutches, Dynamo-Electric Brakes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil destiné à réguler le débit d'un liquide conducteur passant dans un passage (3). L'appareil comprend un dispositif servant à générer un champ magnétique transversal à une direction voulue de débit du liquide conducteur passant dans le passage. Ledit appareil comprend également un dispositif qui fait tourner le champ magnétique autour d'un axe de façon à déplacer ledit champ magnétique sur la longueur d'une section du passage (3), ledit champ magnétique étant transversal à la direction de débit voulue.
PCT/AU1997/000669 1996-10-04 1997-10-06 Procede et appareil destines a reguler le debit d'un liquide WO1998016001A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU44454/97A AU4445497A (en) 1996-10-04 1997-10-06 Method and apparatus for controlling the flow of a liquid

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPO2749 1996-10-04
AUPO2749A AUPO274996A0 (en) 1996-10-04 1996-10-04 Method and apparatus for pumping a liquid
AUPO5180A AUPO518097A0 (en) 1997-02-19 1997-02-19 Method and apparatus for pumping a liquid
AUPO5180 1997-02-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998016001A1 true WO1998016001A1 (fr) 1998-04-16

Family

ID=25645284

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU1997/000669 WO1998016001A1 (fr) 1996-10-04 1997-10-06 Procede et appareil destines a reguler le debit d'un liquide

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO1998016001A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6812609B2 (en) * 1998-10-21 2004-11-02 Werner Anwander Electric machine having electric coils and permanent magnets
WO2005091326A2 (fr) * 2004-03-19 2005-09-29 Yxlon International Security Gmbh Dispositif d'emission de rayons x, anode a metal liquide pour source de rayons x, et procede pour faire fonctionner une pompe magnetohydrodynamique utilisee a cet effet
US10118221B2 (en) 2014-05-21 2018-11-06 Novelis Inc. Mixing eductor nozzle and flow control device

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0207526A2 (fr) * 1985-07-05 1987-01-07 Hitachi, Ltd. Méthode et appareil pour commander le débit de métal liquide
WO1993008633A1 (fr) * 1991-10-16 1993-04-29 Arch Development Corporation Pompe d'induction electromagnetique pour le pompage de metaux liquides et autres liquides conducteurs

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0207526A2 (fr) * 1985-07-05 1987-01-07 Hitachi, Ltd. Méthode et appareil pour commander le débit de métal liquide
WO1993008633A1 (fr) * 1991-10-16 1993-04-29 Arch Development Corporation Pompe d'induction electromagnetique pour le pompage de metaux liquides et autres liquides conducteurs

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DERWENT ABSTRACT, Accession No. 96-028969/03, Class X11; & RU,C,2 035 827 (SVERD ENG TEACHING INST), 20 May 1995. *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Vol. 13, No. 103, E-725, page 23; & JP,A,63 274 357 (SHINKO ELECTRIC CO LTD), 11 November 1988. *

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6812609B2 (en) * 1998-10-21 2004-11-02 Werner Anwander Electric machine having electric coils and permanent magnets
WO2005091326A2 (fr) * 2004-03-19 2005-09-29 Yxlon International Security Gmbh Dispositif d'emission de rayons x, anode a metal liquide pour source de rayons x, et procede pour faire fonctionner une pompe magnetohydrodynamique utilisee a cet effet
WO2005091326A3 (fr) * 2004-03-19 2006-01-12 Yxlon Int Security Gmbh Dispositif d'emission de rayons x, anode a metal liquide pour source de rayons x, et procede pour faire fonctionner une pompe magnetohydrodynamique utilisee a cet effet
US7412032B2 (en) 2004-03-19 2008-08-12 Ge Security Germany Gmbh X-ray emitter, liquid-metal anode for an x-ray source and method for operating a magnetohydrodynamic pump for the same
US10118221B2 (en) 2014-05-21 2018-11-06 Novelis Inc. Mixing eductor nozzle and flow control device
US10464127B2 (en) 2014-05-21 2019-11-05 Novelis Inc. Non-contacting molten metal flow control
US10835954B2 (en) 2014-05-21 2020-11-17 Novelis Inc. Mixing eductor nozzle and flow control device
US11383296B2 (en) 2014-05-21 2022-07-12 Novelis, Inc. Non-contacting molten metal flow control

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