WO1997047210A1 - Traitement au rayonnement infrarouge de produits agricoles contamines - Google Patents

Traitement au rayonnement infrarouge de produits agricoles contamines Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997047210A1
WO1997047210A1 PCT/US1997/010166 US9710166W WO9747210A1 WO 1997047210 A1 WO1997047210 A1 WO 1997047210A1 US 9710166 W US9710166 W US 9710166W WO 9747210 A1 WO9747210 A1 WO 9747210A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wheat
infrared radiation
teliospores
tilletia
infestation
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1997/010166
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English (en)
Other versions
WO1997047210A9 (fr
Inventor
Mats Olof Ingemanson
Original Assignee
Mitech Scientific Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mitech Scientific Corporation filed Critical Mitech Scientific Corporation
Priority to AU37916/97A priority Critical patent/AU3791697A/en
Publication of WO1997047210A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997047210A1/fr
Publication of WO1997047210A9 publication Critical patent/WO1997047210A9/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
    • A23B7/005—Preserving by heating
    • A23B7/01—Preserving by heating by irradiation or electric treatment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
    • A23B7/005—Preserving by heating
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B9/00—Preservation of edible seeds, e.g. cereals
    • A23B9/02—Preserving by heating
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B9/00—Preservation of edible seeds, e.g. cereals
    • A23B9/02—Preserving by heating
    • A23B9/04—Preserving by heating by irradiation or electric treatment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to elimination of fungi, bacteria and viruses of grains and other agricultural products with radiation, especially infrared radiation
  • Loss of grains and agricultural products such as beans, wheat, corn, fruit and nuts due to fungi, bacteria and viruses has been a persistent problem in the agricultural industry. Losses due to fungi, bacteria, viruses and the like is millions of dollars. Losses of wheat crops due to Tilletia Indica Teliospores(Karnal bunt) Tilletia Controvsa Kuhn ⁇ TCK) and Tilletia Canes Teliospores(Common bunt) is especially severe.
  • Tilletia Indica Tehospores Karnal bunt
  • Tilletia Controvsa Kuhn Tilletia Caries
  • Common bunt fungi, bacteria and viruses related to wheat, beans, corn, fruit, nuts and other agriculture products
  • these methods may be poisonous, corrosive or damaging to agricultural products and. the environment.
  • agricultural products are treated to eliminate infestation by exposing said products to infrared radiation generated by a ceramic heating element for a time sufficient to kill said infestation.
  • These products include, for example, wheat, beans, corn, fruit and nuts.
  • the infrared radiation generated in accordance with the invention is particularly suited for treating wheat to kill infestations such as Tilletia Indica Teliospores, Tilletia Controvsa Kuhn, and Tilletia Caries Teliospores.
  • Infrared radiation at an intensity of about 8.5-34 kW/m 2 can be employed to eliminate these infestations by exposing the wheat to radiation at these intensities for about 5 to about 300 seconds.
  • the wheat may be moistened with an aqueous solution having a temperature of 40-80 °C. prior to exposure to the infrared radiation.
  • Ceramic heating elements suitable for use in the invention include those which employ a ceramic tube as shown in US Pat. 5,472,720.
  • the ceramic tube has thereon a ceramic material as also shown in US Pat. 5,472,720.
  • the ceramic tube can be any of quartz and mullite, preferably quartz.
  • the ceramic material may be any composition within the range identified as formulation A in US Pat. 5,472,720.
  • the teachings of US Pat. No. 5,472,720 are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
  • a ceramic reflector having a composition within the scope of formulation B of US Pat. 5,472,720 is positioned above the ceramic heating element.
  • the apparatus is energized to cause the ceramic heating elements to generate infrared radiation at an intensity of 5-34KW/m 2 .
  • the ceramic heating element employs a quartz tube having thereon a layer of ceramic material, hereinafter referred to as composition LI, that has the following weight percent composition:
  • composition Rl wt. % amounts:
  • the heating elements are energized to heat the chamber of the apparatus to a desired temperature prior to placing the wheat into the chamber for exposure to infrared radiation generated by the heating elements.
  • Tables 1 and 1A The results of treatment of the wheat are shown in Tables 1 and 1A.
  • Ceramic heating element of US Pat. 5,472,720 formed of a quartz tube and an outer layer of ceramic material of Ll and a ceramic reflector having the composition Rl.
  • Ceramic heating element of US Pat. 5,472,720 formed of a quartz tube and an outer layer of ceramic material of Ll, and ceramic reflector having the composition Rl.
  • agricultural products are placed into an apparatus such as that shown in Fig. 1 of US Pat. 5,472,720, and which employs the ceramic heating elements described above.
  • the apparatus is as described in US Pat. 5,472,720 except that an aluminum reflector is substituted for the aforementioned ceramic reflector.
  • the apparatus is energized to cause the ceramic heating elements to generate infrared radiation at an intensity of about 5-34 KW/m 2 .
  • the ceramic heating elements include a quartz tube having a layer of ceramic material of composition Ll thereon.
  • the heating elements are energized to raise the temperature of the chamber to a desired temperature prior to subjecting the sample to infrared radiation at intensities of 8.5 KW/m 2 to 34 KW/m 2 for various time periods.
  • Table 2 The results are shown in Table 2.
  • Ceramic heating element of US Pat. 5,472,720 formed of a quartz tube and an outer layer of ceramic material of Ll. An aluminum reflector is used.
  • Ceramic heating element of US Pat. 5,472,720 formed of a quartz tube and an outer layer of ceramic material of Ll, and an aluminum reflector.
  • the wheat can be subjected to shattering without radiation by shaking the wheat by hand at a frequency of 4 cycles/sec for 2 minutes. Visual examination of the wheat by microscope shows a 100% reduction in the population of live Tilletia Indica Teliospores.
  • Shattering without radiation can be employed to sterilize agricultural products such as wheat which are only topically infected with, for example, Tilletia Indica Teliospores(Karnal bunt).
  • an agricultural product such as wheat that only is topically infected with Tilletia Indica
  • Teliospores(Karnal bunt) is sterilized by shattering through shaking, vibration or other abrupt movements.
  • Wheat infected with Tilletia Indica Teliospores(Karnal bunt) after having been subjected to shattering in accordance with the invention, is free of Tilletia Indica Teliospores and shows improved germination rates.
  • shattering is used, and as shown in Examples
  • Example 22 the procedure of Example 21 is repeated except that shattering is continued for 2 minutes.
  • Example 23 the procedure of Example 21 is repeated except that shattering is continued for 3 minutes.
  • the results, as depicted in Table 3, show that none of the original amount of Tilletia Indica Teliospores on the wheat survived after 2 minutes of shattering.
  • the treated wheat however, germinated 100% after 5 days and is fit for human consumption and is suitable for use as plant seeds.
  • the results also show that 100% of the Tilletia Indica Teliospores were destroyed after three minutes of shattering. However, 100% of the wheat germinated after 5 days.
  • the wheat is edible for human consumption and is also useful as plant seeds.
  • the frequency of shaking is 4 cycles per second. Frequencies of less than about 2 cycles per second up to ultrasound frequencies, however, also may be employed for shattering. Preferably, the frequency is about 4 cycles per second.
  • Frequency of shaking is 4 cycles per sec.
  • This risk, in wheat is influenced by factors such as the temperature of the wheat reached during processing and/or storage, the concentration of wheat dust in the air, and the heat generated by growth of fungus which can cause spontaneous combustion.
  • Treatment of grains such as wheat in accordance with the invention advantageously avoids heating the wheat to its combustion temperature.
  • the invention eliminates Karnal bunt in about 10 seconds whereas a heat level sufficient for wheat combustion is not reached until at least 30 seconds. This provides a safety window of 20 seconds (or 200%).
  • the process of the invention advantageously prevents spontaneous combustion by killing fungus present in the wheat before storage.
  • wheat moistened with a solution of surfactant and water is employed.
  • the solution preferably is a solution of Tween 20 surfactant and water produced by adding about 5-50 drops of Tween 20, preferably about 15 drops of Tween 20 to about 100 mL of water.
  • Tween 20 commercially available from Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, WI, is the preferred surfactant.
  • Other surfactants similar to Tween 20 may be used.
  • Wheat infected with Tilletia Indica Teliospores is immersed for about 10-60 seconds in the solution of surfactant and water having a temperature range of 40-80 °C, preferably 80 °C.
  • the wheat then is treated with infrared radiation at an intensity of about 5-34 KW/m 2 for about 10-300 seconds using the ceramic -heating elements as described above, preferably at an intensity of 34 KW/m 2 for 10 seconds.
  • an aluminum reflector is substituted for the ceramic reflector employed in the apparatus of US Pat. 5,472,720.
  • Wheat is placed on a wire mesh screen, such as screen 210 of US Pat. 5,472,720, for treatment with infrared radiation.
  • the infrared radiation is generated by the ceramic heating elements.
  • the ceramic heating elements employ a quartz tube that is covered with a layer of ceramic material of the composition Ll.
  • an aluminum reflector is provided below the screen.
  • the screen having the wheat thereon can be positioned in a wide range of distances between the upper and lower aluminum reflectors to achieve a desired intensity of exposure of the wheat to the infrared radiation onto all surfaces of the wheat seeds.
  • the wire mesh screen having the wheat thereon is about 2-3 inches from the lower aluminum reflector and about 2-3 inches from the upper aluminum reflector.
  • the upper and lower aluminum reflectors have a concave shape, wherein the concave surfaces of the reflectors face the wheat present on the screen.
  • the upper aluminum reflector has an ellipsoidal shape
  • the lower aluminum reflector has a parabolic shape.
  • samples of uninfected wheat are prepared by moistening the wheat with a solution of Tween 20 surfactant in water.
  • the solution is prepared by adding 15 drops of Tween 20 to
  • the ceramic heating element includes a heating element having a quartz tube having thereon a layer of a ceramic material having the composition Ll which is within formulation A shown in US Pat. 5,472,720.
  • Samples of Tilletia Indica teliospores (Karnal bunt) inside infected wheat seeds are moistened with a solution of Tween 20 surfactant in water by exposing the wheat to a solution of the surfactant and water for 30 seconds and for five minutes. The solution is formed by adding 15 drops of Tween 20 surfactant to 100 mL of water.
  • the wheat seeds then are positioned on a wire mesh screen using the apparatus shown in Figs. 1-5 of US Pat. 5,472,720.
  • the ceramic heating element as shown in US Pat. 5,472,720, includes a quartz tube having thereon a layer of a ceramic material of composition Ll within formulation A of US Pat. 5,472,720.
  • the upper and lower reflectors are aluminum Electricity is passed through the ceramic heating element having the above mentioned layer of ceramic material thereon to cause the temperature of the heating chamber of the apparatus of Fig. 1 to reach a desired temperature
  • Samples of the moistened wheat then are inserted into the heating chamber and exposed to infrared radiation generated by the ceramic heating element for various time periods.
  • the results, shown in Table 5, are generated by using radiation at an intensity of 34 KW/m 2 .
  • the temperature of the heating chamber is 300 °C prior to irradiation.
  • Tilletia Indica teliospores are removed from the irradiated wheat and placed into a petri dish with sterile agar The pet ⁇ dish is placed in an incubator at a constant temperature of 18 °C The pet ⁇ dish then is examined for growth of Tilletia Indica teliospores after 6 weeks Similarly, and to evaluate seed germination, the irradiated wheat seeds are placed into a pet ⁇ dish with two paper filters soaked with 10 mL distilled water The dish is incubated at
  • Samples of wheat treated in accordance with the invention are also evaluated by the well known Mixograph procedure. In this procedure, 9 grams of ground wheat and 6 mL of distilled water are employed. The Mixograph spring setting was 8.
  • the resulting mixogram pattern for the control samples is similar to the mixogram patterns for the samples treated with 5-second and 10-second exposures of infrared radiation in accordance with the invention at an intensity of 34 KW/m 2 .
  • the mixogram patterns showed much stronger gluten characteristics than the samples treated to 5-second and 10-second exposures of infrared radiation in accordance with the invention at an intensity of 34 KW/m 2 .
  • the invention has been described above as particularly suitable for eliminating Kamal bunt, TCK and common bunt in free form and contained inside son of wheat, while the wheat quality (based on germinabihty) was preserved
  • the invention may be readily employed to treat agricultural products and contaminated food including wheat, rye, soybeans barley, oats, rice, sorghum, cottonseed, com, pop com, com based cereals, com products, com starch, fruits, nuts, tree nuts, milk, poultry, dairy cattle, hominy grits, other grits, multigrain cereal, cheese snacks, chocolate products, to eliminate pathogens such as Halo Blight, Ergot, Myotoxins such as Aflatoxins, Aspergillusflavus, Ochratoxins such as Ochratoxin A,
  • the invention may also be readily employed to treat agricultural products and contaminated food including raw meats(all types), ready-to-eat meats, undercooked and raw hamburger, dry-cured salami, fermented raw-meat sausages, meat products and gravy, other meats, raw and cooked poultry, pasta, sauces, food mixtures, soups, casseroles, eggs, milk, raw milk, dairy products, pasteurized fluid milk, cheeses, cheese products, ice cream, fish, raw and smoked fish, shrimp, oysters, shellfish, raw shellfish, frog legs, yeast.
  • the invention may also be readily employed to treat grains and agricultural products including wheat, rye, soybeans, barley, oats, rice, sorghum, cottonseed and com to eliminate insects, insect larvae's and insect pests such as Ephestia cautella, Ephestia elutella, Ephestia kuehniella, Oryzaephilhs sumamensis, Plodia mterpunctella, Rhyzopertha dominica, Sitophilus oryzae.
  • insects insect larvae's and insect pests
  • Ephestia cautella Ephestia elutella
  • Ephestia kuehniella Ephestia kuehniella
  • Oryzaephilhs sumamensis Plodia mterpunctella
  • Rhyzopertha dominica Sitophilus oryzae.
  • T ⁇ bohum confusum Tribolium castaneum, T ⁇ bolium madens, T ⁇ bolium variable, Sitophilus grananus, Sitophilus zeamais, Oryzaephilus su ⁇ namensis, Oryzaephilus mercator, Lasioderma semcome, Trogoderma granarium, Trogoderma glabrum, Trogoderma contributingum, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Cryptolestes pusillus, Acarus siro I Attagenus piceus
  • Tween 20 can be used as a surfactant when used in water to provide a solution for moistening of , for example, wheat prior to irradiation
  • Other useful surfactants include fatty acid surfactants such as poly(oly-l ,2-ethaned ⁇ yl) derivatives, Sorbitan, Monododecanote, Sorbimacrogol Laurate 300, polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan, and Liposorb L-
  • the invention advantageously can be eastly applied to all types of surfaces including vertical surfaces It is neither poisonous, corrosive nor damaging to the environment, and does not have hazardous toxic or environmental side effects
  • the invention advantageously enables sterilization of wheat by irradiating Karnal bunt, TCK and common bunt while preserving the wheat quality

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Storage Of Fruits Or Vegetables (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne le traitement au rayonnement infrarouge de produits agricoles tels que le blé, en particulier du blé contaminé par les téliospores de T. Indica, afin de tuer ces dernières. On traite les produits agricoles au rayonnement infrarouge d'une intensité qui varie entre 5 et 34 kW/m2; ledit rayonnement est généré sur des périodes variables par des éléments chauffants céramiques.
PCT/US1997/010166 1996-06-11 1997-06-10 Traitement au rayonnement infrarouge de produits agricoles contamines WO1997047210A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU37916/97A AU3791697A (en) 1996-06-11 1997-06-10 Infrared radiation treatment of infected agricultural products

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US1959996P 1996-06-11 1996-06-11
US60/019,599 1996-06-11
US2013996P 1996-06-20 1996-06-20
US60/020,139 1996-06-20
US08/871,475 1997-06-09

Publications (2)

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WO1997047210A1 true WO1997047210A1 (fr) 1997-12-18
WO1997047210A9 WO1997047210A9 (fr) 1998-03-19

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WO (1) WO1997047210A1 (fr)

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5472720A (en) * 1992-06-17 1995-12-05 Mitec Scientific Corporation Treatment of materials with infrared radiation

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5472720A (en) * 1992-06-17 1995-12-05 Mitec Scientific Corporation Treatment of materials with infrared radiation

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AU3791697A (en) 1998-01-07

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