WO1997039199A1 - Ameliorations apportees a des blocs de construction et ameliorations connexes - Google Patents

Ameliorations apportees a des blocs de construction et ameliorations connexes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997039199A1
WO1997039199A1 PCT/GB1997/000987 GB9700987W WO9739199A1 WO 1997039199 A1 WO1997039199 A1 WO 1997039199A1 GB 9700987 W GB9700987 W GB 9700987W WO 9739199 A1 WO9739199 A1 WO 9739199A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
block
blocks
recess
nib
building
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1997/000987
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Michael David Clark
Lynda Susan Clark
Original Assignee
Michael David Clark
Lynda Susan Clark
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Michael David Clark, Lynda Susan Clark filed Critical Michael David Clark
Priority to AU25147/97A priority Critical patent/AU2514797A/en
Priority to EP97916525A priority patent/EP0892875B1/fr
Priority to DE69700916T priority patent/DE69700916D1/de
Publication of WO1997039199A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997039199A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/28—Walls having cavities between, but not in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts kept in distance by means of spacers, all parts being solid
    • E04B2/30—Walls having cavities between, but not in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts kept in distance by means of spacers, all parts being solid using elements having specially designed means for stabilising the position; Spacers for cavity walls
    • E04B2/32—Walls having cavities between, but not in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts kept in distance by means of spacers, all parts being solid using elements having specially designed means for stabilising the position; Spacers for cavity walls by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/28—Walls having cavities between, but not in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts kept in distance by means of spacers, all parts being solid
    • E04B2/36—Walls having cavities between, but not in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts kept in distance by means of spacers, all parts being solid using elements having a general shape differing from that of a parallelepiped
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0232—Undercut connections, e.g. using undercut tongues and grooves
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
    • E04B2002/0265—Building elements for making arcuate walls

Definitions

  • An object of the present invention is to provide a voided building block with a uniform transverse section which can be produced by conventional extrusion and pressing processes and which allows like blocks to interlock without requiring a bonding agent.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a building block that can be used to construct structures of variable alignment wherein internal voids can be filled with granular material as construction proceeds.
  • Such structures include free standing walls, retaining walls and facings to reinforced soil embankments and have blocks disposed in substantially horizontal courses with vertical joints between units in adjacent courses offset one to the other and blocks disposed in substantially vertical columns with horizontal joints between units in adjacent columns offset one to the other.
  • Interlockable precast concrete blocks and bricks of uniform transverse section are known in a variety of shapes to suit particular building purposes.
  • Such blocks are in general provided with a projection and corresponding recess in opposed bearing surfaces.
  • Blocks and bricks wherein the width of the projection is constant or decreases outwardly from the adjacent bearing surface link together by placing one block on top of a like block so that the nib of the one fits into the recess of the other.
  • the joint thus formed can resist lateral displacement only.
  • Blocks and bricks wherein the width of the projection increases outwardly from the adjacent bearing surface link together by axially projecting the nib of one block into the recess of a like block.
  • Such joints are sometimes referred to as dovetail joints and resist both lateral and vertical displacement.
  • interlocking building blocks with a uniform transverse section are known from German Patent DE 29 21 489, United States Patent 4,490,075, and UK Patent 827,508 and each has corresponding projections and grooves in opposed bearing surfaces wherein like blocks interlock by placing one block on top of another.
  • Such blocks can readily be removed from any structure constructed therefrom unless a bonding agent is introduced within the joints.
  • Building bricks are also known from UK Patent 540,561 wherein a solid brick is provided with a centrally located dovetailed projection in its upper bearing surface and a corresponding dovetailed groove in its lower bearing surface which bearing surfaces are slightly inclined downwardly to the outermost surfaces thereof for drainage purposes only.
  • Bricks and blocks are also known from UK Patent 635,159 wherein a brick or block of trapezoidal transverse section is provided with a dovetailed projection and recess respectively within opposed beanng surfaces and wherein the projection is substantially smaller than the recess thus requiring mortar to achieve a strong joint
  • the dovetailed projections and the grooves and recesses hitherto referred to each has side surfaces acutely angled to the adjacent bearing surface
  • Like bricks or like blocks interlock when the projection of one is located within the recess of another and stability of any structure constructed therefrom is largely dependent on the strength of the interlocking joints
  • the acute angled dovetail joints are more difficult to form, are more prone to accident damage and are relatively weaker than joints wherein the side surfaces are normal or near normal to the adjacent bearing surface
  • an axially extending building block of chevron shaped uniform transverse section comprising two vertical end surfaces, two vertical side surfaces, a hollow core, an inverted V-shaped upper surface and a correspondingly angled, inverted
  • the building block is characterised in that the vertical side surfaces are of unequal height equally disposed about the pnncipal horizontal axis and the apexes of the correspondingly angled upper and lower inverted V-shaped surfaces are equally offset from the principal vertical axis towards the higher and lower side surfaces respectively such that on engagement of the nib of one block within the recess of a similarly oriented and like block a wall structure is formed with stepped side surfaces and on engagement of the nib of one block within the recess of a like block rotated 180 degrees about its principal vertical axis a wall structure is formed with aligned side surfaces
  • the building block is characte ⁇ sed in that at least one end surface is provided with two aligned truncated wedge shaped channels which outwardly increase in depth from the core of the block and are normal to and open into opposed side surfaces
  • Figure 2 is an end elevation of four blocks of shape as in Fig 1 linked together to conform to a straight alignment
  • Figures 3 and 4 show in perspective, views of a block of shape as in Fig 1 viewed in up ⁇ ght and inverted orientation respectively,
  • Figures 6 and 7 are plan views of four blocks of shape as in Fig 5 linked together to conform to a straight and to a radial alignment respectively,
  • Figures 8 and 9 show perspective views of a block of shape as in Fig 5 viewed with the block on opposed ends and rotated through 180 degrees one to the other about the principal vertical axis of the block,
  • Figures 11 and 12 are plan views of four blocks of shape as in Fig 10 built to conform to a stepped and to a vertical alignment respectively,
  • Figure 13 is a perspective view of a block of shape as in Fig 10 viewed with the block on end
  • Figure 14 is a part sectional view through a revetment constructed from blocks of shape as in Fig 5 and wherein an earth embankment is supported by a facing of blocks tied back into the earth
  • F ⁇ gure15 is a perspective view of a wall structure constructed from blocks of shape as in
  • Figure 16 is a perspective view of a wall structure constructed from blocks of shape as in Fig 5 wherein the blocks are disposed in substantially horizontal courses with vertical joints between blocks in each course offset from the vertical joints between blocks in adjacent courses, and
  • Figure 17 is a perspective view of a wall structure constructed from blocks of shape as in Fig 5 wherein the blocks are disposed in substantially vertical columns with horizontal joints between blocks in each column offset from the horizontal joints between blocks in adjacent columns
  • the block 20 is of uniform transverse section and has opposed parallel end faces 21 and 22 and parallel side surfaces 23 and 24
  • the said side surfaces are of rectangular form and are normal to the end faces.
  • the inverted V-shaped upper surface 25 is provided with a nib 26 centrally located about the apex 29 of the upper surface and which nib has side faces 27 each projecting substantially normal to the said upper surface.
  • the inverted V-shaped lower surface 31 is provided with a recess 32 of complimentary shape to the nib 26 This recess is centrally located about the apex 30 of the lower surface and is further extended into the block thus to provide a ⁇ internal void 33
  • the block has a principal vertical axis 28 which is parallel to and equidistant from the side surfaces 23 and 24 and has a principal horizontal axis 35 which is normal to and bisects the said side surfaces
  • a reference line 36 (shown dashed) passes through the points of intersection 37 and 38 of the upper surface 25 with the side surfaces 23 and 24 respectively
  • a reference line 39 (shown dashed) passes through the points of intersection 40 and 41 of the lower surface 31 with the side surfaces 23 and 24 respectively
  • the reference lines 36 and 39 are parallel as shown in Fig 1 or converge and intersect at a point 34 on the principal horizontal axis 35 as shown in Fig 5 and Fig 10
  • Blocks according to any aspect of the invention can be extruded or moulded using concrete, clay or any such extrudable or mouldable material and can be used in any o ⁇ entation suitable for the purpose in hand
  • Blocks can be provided with either one or both side faces having an exposed aggregate finish achieved by moulding or extruding two or more units together with like sides j oined and thereafter cleaving the multiple unit Side surfaces can also be provided with ribbed or other decorative features
  • Figures 1 , 2, 3 and 4 refer to one form of the invention wherein the block 20 has a uniform transverse section symmetrical about the principal vertical axis 28 which passes through the apex 29 of the upper surface 25 and through the apex 30 of the lower surface 31
  • the sides 23 and 24 are of equal height and are equally disposed about the principal horizontal axis 35
  • Blocks link together by locating the nib 26 of one block 20 within the recess 30 of an adjacent block 20 of like orientation or rotated through 180 degrees about the principal vertical axis 28 resulting in a structure as per Fig 2 wherein the sides of adjacent blocks are aligned
  • Figures 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 refer to a form of the block 20 which has an asymmetrical uniform transverse section and wherein the sides 23 and 24 are of unequal height equally disposed about the pnncipal horizontal axis 35
  • the apex 29 of the upper surface 25 is offset from the pnncipal vertical axis 28 towards the lower side 23 and the apex 30 of the lower surface 31 is equally offset towards the higher side 24
  • a structure is formed as in Fig 7 wherein the sides of adjacent blocks follow a curved alignment
  • a structure is formed as in Fig 6 wherein the sides of adjacent blocks are aligned
  • Figures 10, 11 , 12 and 13 refer to a form of the block which has an asymmet ⁇ cal uniform transverse section wherein the sides 23 and 24 are of unequal height equally disposed about the pnncipal horizontal axis 35
  • the apex 29 of the upper surface is offset from the principal vertical axis 28 towards the higher side 24 and the apex 30 of the lower surface 31 is equally offset towards the lower side 23
  • a structure is formed as in Fig 1 1 wherein the sides of adjacent blocks follow a stepped alignment
  • a structure is formed as in Fig 12 wherein the sides of adjacent blocks are aligned
  • the block apex angle is defined as the angle formed between the outwardly sloping elements of the inverted V-shaped upper surface 25 and is equal to the angle formed between the outwardly sloping elements of the inverted V-shaped lower surface 31
  • the blocks link together by aligning the nib 26 of one block with the recess 32 of the other and then moving one block in a downward vertical direction so that the said nib 26 and recess 32 engage
  • the mechanical joint thus formed prevents lateral displacement of one block relative to the other
  • the throat width of the nib is preferably slightly less than that of the recess
  • the block angle is typically between 90 and 140 degrees and together with the height of the sides 27 to the nib 26 determines the difference in width between the throat and the head of the dovetail joint
  • the shape of the upper surface(s) of the nib 26 is preferably domed but may be varied to suit manufacturing or design preferences
  • the block is provided with a hollow core 33 which may extend as little as 3mm inwardly from the head of the dovetail recess 32 thus to ensure clearance to the nib of a linked block but preferably should occupy at least 15% of the block volume so that a useful saving in block weight may be achieved
  • the hollow core preferably should have a width not greater than the head width of the recess 32 and should extend inwardly to the pnncipal horizontal axis 35 at least
  • the void which is formed when two like blocks are linked together may be filled with bound or loose aggregate dunng construction of a structure thus to provide additional mass for the structure and to provide anchorage for slotted earth reinforcement straps
  • the relative heights of the sides of a block and the width of the block determine the angle by which one block is rotated relative to the other when two like blocks similarly oriented are linked together
  • similarly oriented blocks of width 250mm with sides of heights 165mm and 209mm will be rotated by 10 degrees one to the other when linked together and 36 such blocks will thus form a cyhnd ⁇ cal shaped structure with an external radius of 1 2m
  • soil reinforcement fabric or mesh layers may be sandwiched between honzontal courses of blocks or tied to straps anchored between ends of blocks forming vertical columns of blocks
  • a part structure constructed using blocks as in Fig 8 and Fig 9 has straps 43 of polymer or other suitably strong and durable material anchored within the structure by locating a strap with a locally thickened end within the channel 42 formed in one end of the block and drawing it into the wedge shaped recess which results when two like blocks are axially aligned and abut each other
  • a column type structure the ends of lengths of fabric or mesh of uniform width may be anchored within vertical block joints one or more column widths apart thus providing pockets behind the wall face which can be filled with free draining granular material as construction of the wall proceeds to give the wall structure increased stability
  • coursed wall construction blocks can be used with the recess 32 upward or downward facing and with blocks in courses abutting or spaced apart by an amount preferably not greater than three quarters of a normal block length.
  • Special recess closure blocks 44 can be provided so that a horizontal base can be formed more readily for a coursed wall structure such as shown in Fig.16 or to form a square end to a column type structure such as shown in Fig. 17.
  • Special blocks 45 can also be provided so that a horizontal cope can be formed to a coursed wall structure such as shown in Fig.16 or to form a square end to a column type structure such as shown in Fig.17. Blocks can be provided in different lengths as required for the purpose in hand.
  • Blocks of half normal block length can be used to provide a break in bond between adjacent courses or columns in a wall structure as shown in Figs.16 and 17 respectively.
  • Construction blocks according to the invention are extremely versatile and can be used in any application by unskilled labour.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Retaining Walls (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)
  • Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un bloc de construction (20) qui a une section transversale uniforme en forme de chevron et un centre creux (33). Un tenon en queue d'aronde (26) et une cavité (32) complémentaire sont placés de manière centrale autour des sommets (29 et 30, respectivement) de la surface supérieure (25) et de la surface inférieure (31), qui sont en forme de V inversé. La cavité (32) donne dans le centre creux (33). Par glissement du tenon (26) d'un bloc dans la cavité (32) d'un bloc similaire, des structure de parois stables peuvent être formées sans recours à un mortier. On peut accroître la masse de telles structures en remplissant les vides intérieurs formés entre des blocs contigus avec un matériau granulé à mesure que la construction progresse. Les blocs dont les côtés (23 et 24) sont de même hauteur forment des structures planes. Les blocs dont les côtés ont des hauteurs différentes forment des structures planes lorsque des blocs contigus sont disposés à 180 degrés les uns par rapport aux autres, et ils forment des structures incurvées ou à gradins lorsque tous les blocs sont disposés de même manière.
PCT/GB1997/000987 1996-04-12 1997-04-10 Ameliorations apportees a des blocs de construction et ameliorations connexes WO1997039199A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU25147/97A AU2514797A (en) 1996-04-12 1997-04-10 Improvements in and relating to building blocks
EP97916525A EP0892875B1 (fr) 1996-04-12 1997-04-10 Ameliorations apportees a des blocs de construction et ameliorations connexes
DE69700916T DE69700916D1 (de) 1996-04-12 1997-04-10 Verbesserter baublock

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9607611.2 1996-04-12
GBGB9607611.2A GB9607611D0 (en) 1996-04-12 1996-04-12 Improvements in and relating to building blocks

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997039199A1 true WO1997039199A1 (fr) 1997-10-23

Family

ID=10791964

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1997/000987 WO1997039199A1 (fr) 1996-04-12 1997-04-10 Ameliorations apportees a des blocs de construction et ameliorations connexes

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0892875B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE187520T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2514797A (fr)
CA (1) CA2250992A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69700916D1 (fr)
GB (1) GB9607611D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1997039199A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0935031A3 (fr) * 1998-02-06 2001-05-02 Gruppo Effe 2 SpA Bloc de construction
WO2007093867A1 (fr) * 2006-02-16 2007-08-23 Maja Giovanni Via Quadrio I- C Element de raccordement pour la construction de murs
WO2013182832A1 (fr) * 2012-06-06 2013-12-12 Mardel David Charles Bloc à emboîtement

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE513780A (fr) *
GB540561A (en) * 1940-05-14 1941-10-22 Courtney Clarke Whitling Interlocking bricks
FR936739A (fr) * 1945-08-14 1948-07-28 Ouvrage de maçonnerie comprenant des éléments en terre cuite ou autres, capables d'être différement combinés pour former des murs droits, ou bien des arcs ou des voûtes
EP0181230A2 (fr) * 1984-11-08 1986-05-14 John Watson Crighton Blocs de construction
DE9404911U1 (de) * 1994-03-23 1994-07-28 Ehl-GmbH Baustoffwerk Kruft, 56642 Kruft Pfeilerförmige Betonelemente und Vorrichtung zu ihrer Herstellung

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE513780A (fr) *
GB540561A (en) * 1940-05-14 1941-10-22 Courtney Clarke Whitling Interlocking bricks
FR936739A (fr) * 1945-08-14 1948-07-28 Ouvrage de maçonnerie comprenant des éléments en terre cuite ou autres, capables d'être différement combinés pour former des murs droits, ou bien des arcs ou des voûtes
EP0181230A2 (fr) * 1984-11-08 1986-05-14 John Watson Crighton Blocs de construction
DE9404911U1 (de) * 1994-03-23 1994-07-28 Ehl-GmbH Baustoffwerk Kruft, 56642 Kruft Pfeilerförmige Betonelemente und Vorrichtung zu ihrer Herstellung

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0935031A3 (fr) * 1998-02-06 2001-05-02 Gruppo Effe 2 SpA Bloc de construction
WO2007093867A1 (fr) * 2006-02-16 2007-08-23 Maja Giovanni Via Quadrio I- C Element de raccordement pour la construction de murs
WO2013182832A1 (fr) * 2012-06-06 2013-12-12 Mardel David Charles Bloc à emboîtement

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE187520T1 (de) 1999-12-15
AU2514797A (en) 1997-11-07
CA2250992A1 (fr) 1997-10-23
EP0892875B1 (fr) 1999-12-08
EP0892875A1 (fr) 1999-01-27
GB9607611D0 (en) 1996-06-12
DE69700916D1 (de) 2000-01-13

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