WO1997035354A1 - Aerial arrangement for attaching a planar aerial to the inside of a vehicle window - Google Patents

Aerial arrangement for attaching a planar aerial to the inside of a vehicle window Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1997035354A1
WO1997035354A1 PCT/DE1996/002403 DE9602403W WO9735354A1 WO 1997035354 A1 WO1997035354 A1 WO 1997035354A1 DE 9602403 W DE9602403 W DE 9602403W WO 9735354 A1 WO9735354 A1 WO 9735354A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
intermediate piece
arrangement according
antenna arrangement
aerial
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1996/002403
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Friedrich-Wilhelm Bode
Frank Koertje
Matthias Barkow
Georg Fischer
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority to KR10-1998-0706832A priority Critical patent/KR100446033B1/en
Priority to JP53301597A priority patent/JP3884772B2/en
Priority to EP96946192A priority patent/EP0888646B1/en
Priority to DE59604855T priority patent/DE59604855D1/en
Publication of WO1997035354A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997035354A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/1271—Supports; Mounting means for mounting on windscreens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/40—Radiating elements coated with or embedded in protective material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • H01Q19/062—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens for focusing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an antenna arrangement for attaching a planar antenna to the inside of a window of a motor vehicle for the purpose of wireless communication between a vehicle device and a transmitting and / or receiving device outside the vehicle, in particular at frequencies in the GHz range.
  • Such antenna arrangements are required, for example, in systems of traffic control technology for digital communication between a vehicle and an infrastructure along the route.
  • the infrastructure consists of fixed beacons along the road.
  • the vehicles have on-board units (OBUs) which are to be executable as mass products at the lowest possible cost.
  • OBUs on-board units
  • the vehicle device consists of a passive transponder that does not generate any undamped vibrations on the carrier frequency. The necessary transmission power is obtained from the beacon signal, the vehicle device only modulates the received signal.
  • the digital communication takes place through a transmission from the beacon to the vehicle device ("downlink") and a subsequent response communication from the vehicle device to the beacon ("uplink").
  • the vehicle body provides an unavoidable shield for electromagnetic waves
  • a window of the motor vehicle preferably the windshield.
  • the antenna element preferably the viewing pane, which is usually made of glass, that is to say a pane with a relatively high dielectric constant (in the region of 7)
  • the viewing pane which is usually made of glass, that is to say a pane with a relatively high dielectric constant (in the region of 7)
  • Carrier frequency of 5.8 GHz creates a distance of approx. 25 mm, which leads to minimal transmission loss.
  • the resulting directional characteristic is greatly narrowed to the side, so that a narrow main lobe is thus formed.
  • the alignment losses when driving the vehicle at an angle or when the windshield is extremely inclined can increase sharply.
  • the lens also changes the
  • Resonance frequency of the antenna A significant deterioration of the so-called cross-polarization decoupling can occur for circular-polarized antennas.
  • a vehicle device is provided with two antennas, one of which is used for reception and the other for re-transmission of the received signal.
  • the reflections occurring on the pane can result in a mutual coupling of the two antennas, which may even cause the active part of the vehicle device to oscillate.
  • the problem underlying the invention thus consists in improving the antenna arrangement with regard to the security of communication with a transmitting and / or receiving device outside the vehicle.
  • an antenna arrangement of the type mentioned at the outset is characterized in that between the antenna and the viewing window there is a dielectric intermediate piece with a dielectric constant between the dielectric constant of the viewing window and the air to influence the directional characteristic.
  • REPLACEMENT BLA ⁇ (RULE 26) characteristic of the antenna is used.
  • the intermediate piece With the intermediate piece inserted between the lens and the antenna, on the one hand, the reflection components which occur during the transition between the lens and antenna or lens and air on the one hand and air and antenna on the other hand are considerably reduced since the jumps in the dielectric numbers between the different layers be reduced.
  • the dielectric intermediate piece influences the directional characteristic of the antenna. It has been shown that the use of a disk-shaped intermediate piece makes it possible to almost completely remove the narrowing of the directional characteristic that occurs through the viewing window, so that communication with the antenna is possible as without the interposition of a viewing window.
  • the intermediate piece it is also possible to reduce the required distance of the antenna from the viewing pane, since the same electrical distance is achieved with a smaller mechanical distance due to the dielectric constant of the intermediate piece.
  • the electrically effective distance between the viewing window and the antenna is preferably set to a multiple of half the wavelength, in practice the minimum distance from half the wavelength will generally be aimed for.
  • the intermediate piece in several parts from different layers with the same dielectric constant on the order of magnitude.
  • a thin housing wall of the vehicle device can be inserted between the antenna and the viewing window, with a side
  • REPLACEMENT BLA ⁇ (RULE 26) before limitation is then brought about only by the remaining part of the intermediate piece.
  • the intermediate piece preferably consists of plastic with a dielectric constant between 3 and 5, preferably around 4.
  • the intermediate piece is expediently designed in the form of a disk, the shape of the intermediate piece preferably corresponding to the shape of the planar antenna. However, it is regularly advantageous if the expediently cylindrical disk-shaped intermediate piece is dimensioned such that its surface facing the antenna is somewhat larger than that of the antenna. The surface of the intermediate piece should not be larger than twice the surface of the antenna.
  • the antenna arrangement according to the invention can also be implemented in the case of several antennas of a vehicle device by assigning an intermediate piece to each antenna.
  • the antennas are expediently arranged on a common carrier plate.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic section through an antenna arrangement according to the invention
  • Antenna arrangement in the same way as a conventional arrangement and an antenna arrangement without a lens.
  • FIG. 1 shows a carrier plate 1 on which a planar antenna 2, for example as an essentially circular antenna element, is applied. Between the antenna 2
  • an intermediate piece 4 is used, which in the exemplary embodiment shown is designed as a circular-cylindrical plastic disk with a dielectric constant of approximately 4.
  • the thickness of the intermediate piece 4 is chosen so that the distance between the antenna 2 and the viewing window 3 corresponds electrically to half the wavelength. Due to the dielectric constant of approximately 4, the thickness for a carrier frequency of 5.8 GHz is thus approximately 12 mm.
  • the diameter of the intermediate piece 4 is somewhat larger than the diameter of the antenna 2.
  • the contact surface of the intermediate piece 4 facing the antenna 2 is not larger than twice the surface area of the antenna 2nd
  • FIG. 2 shows three directional characteristics A, B, C.
  • the directional characteristic A applies to the planar antenna 2 without the interposition of a viewing window 3. It can be seen that good reception and transmission results are also achieved for obliquely incident electromagnetic waves, since considerable attenuation only occurs at very acute angles of incidence on the surface of the planar antenna 2 occur.
  • the planar antenna 2 is located behind the viewing window 3, for example at a distance of half the wavelength, the directional characteristic according to curve B is evident.
  • This curve illustrates that considerable attenuation is achieved even with relatively small deviations from the perpendicular direction of incidence occur, so that windshields that are already relatively sloping or for other reasons slanting signals can lead to lasting disturbances in communication.
  • the dielectric intermediate piece 4 is inserted between the antenna 2 and the lens 3, the curve C results, which essentially corresponds to the curve A in terms of quality.
  • ERSATZBLAH (REGEL26) speaks.
  • the deterioration of the directional characteristic that occurs due to the presence of the viewing window 3 (transition from curve A to curve B) is thus compensated for by the use of the dielectric intermediate piece 4.

Abstract

The invention relates to an aerial arrangement for attaching a planar aerial (2) to the inside of a vehicle window (3) for the purpose of radio communication between a vehicle unit and a transmitter and/or receiver outside the vehicle, in particular on frequencies in the GHz range. The directivity of the aerial (2) is affected, by inserting an intermediate dielectric member (4) with a dielectric constant between the dielectric constant of the window (3) and the dielectric constant of the air, to produce a more uniform and low level of attenuation over a larger radiation or reception angle. The distance between the pane and the aerial is also advantageously reduced.

Description

Antennenanordnung zur Anbringung einer planaren Antenne auf der Innenseite einer Sichtscheibe eines KraftfahrzeugsAntenna arrangement for attaching a planar antenna to the inside of a window of a motor vehicle
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Antennenanordnung zur Anbringung einer planaren Antenne auf der Innenseite einer Sichtscheibe eines Kraftfahrzeugs zum Zwecke der drahtlosen Kommunikation zwischen einem Fahrzeuggerät und einem Sende- und/oder Empfangsgerät außerhalb des Fahrzeugs, insbesondere auf Fre¬ quenzen im GHz-Bereich.The invention relates to an antenna arrangement for attaching a planar antenna to the inside of a window of a motor vehicle for the purpose of wireless communication between a vehicle device and a transmitting and / or receiving device outside the vehicle, in particular at frequencies in the GHz range.
Derartige Antennenanordnungen werden beispielsweise in Syste¬ men der Verkehrsleittechnik zur digitalen Kommunikation zwi¬ schen einem Fahrzeug und einer Infrastruktur entlang der Fahrstrecke benötigt. In diesem Fall besteht die Infrastruk¬ tur aus ortsfesten Baken entlang der Straße. Zur Kommunika- tion mit diesen Baken weisen die Fahrzeuge Fahrzeuggeräte auf (OBU - on board units), die als Massenprodukte mit möglichst geringen Kosten ausführbar sein sollen. Im einfachsten Fall besteht das Fahrzeuggerät aus einem passiven Transponder, der keinerlei ungedämpfte Schwingungen auf der Trägerfrequenz erzeugt. Die notwendige Sendeleistung wird aus dem Bakensi¬ gnal gewonnen, das Fahrzeuggerät nimmt nur eine Modulation des empfangenen Signals vor. Die digitale Kommunikation er¬ folgt durch eine Übertragung von der Bake zum Fahrzeuggerät ("Downlink") und einer anschließenden Antwortkommunikation vom Fahrzeuggerät zur Bake ("Uplink").Such antenna arrangements are required, for example, in systems of traffic control technology for digital communication between a vehicle and an infrastructure along the route. In this case the infrastructure consists of fixed beacons along the road. For communication with these beacons, the vehicles have on-board units (OBUs) which are to be executable as mass products at the lowest possible cost. In the simplest case, the vehicle device consists of a passive transponder that does not generate any undamped vibrations on the carrier frequency. The necessary transmission power is obtained from the beacon signal, the vehicle device only modulates the received signal. The digital communication takes place through a transmission from the beacon to the vehicle device ("downlink") and a subsequent response communication from the vehicle device to the beacon ("uplink").
Da die Fahrzeugkarosserie eine nicht vermeidbare Abschirmung für elektromagnetische Wellen bewirkt, ist es zweckmäßig, zu¬ mindest die Antenne des Fahrzeuggeräts an einer Sichtscheibe deε Kraftfahrzeugs, vorzugsweise der Windschutzscheibe, zu befestigen. Hieraus resultieren allerdings Probleme für die Funktion des Antennenelements . Durch das Vorhandensein der üblicherweise aus Glas bestehenden Sichtscheibe, also einer Scheibe mit einer relativ hohen Dielektrizitätskonstanten (im Bereich von 7), entstehen Reflektionen an der Grenzfläche zwischen Sichtscheibe und Antenne bzw. dem dazwischen liegen¬ den Luftspalt, durch die der Zwischenraum zwischen Antenne und Sichtscheibe wie ein Resonator wirkt. Es ist daher zweck¬ mäßig, den Abstand zwischen Sichtscheibe und Antenne auf die halbe Wellenlänge einzustellen. Bei einer vorgeschlagenenSince the vehicle body provides an unavoidable shield for electromagnetic waves, it is expedient to attach at least the antenna of the vehicle device to a window of the motor vehicle, preferably the windshield. However, this results in problems for the function of the antenna element. The presence of the viewing pane, which is usually made of glass, that is to say a pane with a relatively high dielectric constant (in the region of 7), results in reflections at the interface between the lens and the antenna or the air gap between them, through which the space between the antenna and lens acts like a resonator. It is therefore expedient to set the distance between the viewing window and the antenna to half the wavelength. With a proposed
Trägerfrequenz von 5,8 GHz entsteht somit ein Abstand von ca. 25 mm, der zu einer minimalen Transmissionsdämpfung führt. Es hat sich jedoch herausgestellt, daß die dabei entstehende Richtcharakteriεtik zur Seite hin stark eingeengt wird, daß somit also eine schmale Hauptkeule entsteht. Dadurch können die Ausrichtverluεte bei Schrägfahrten des Kraftfahrzeuges oder bei extremen Neigungen der Windschutzscheibe stark an¬ steigen.Carrier frequency of 5.8 GHz creates a distance of approx. 25 mm, which leads to minimal transmission loss. However, it has been found that the resulting directional characteristic is greatly narrowed to the side, so that a narrow main lobe is thus formed. As a result, the alignment losses when driving the vehicle at an angle or when the windshield is extremely inclined can increase sharply.
Die Sichtscheibe führt darüber hinaus zu einer Änderung derThe lens also changes the
Resonanzfrequenz der Antenne. Für zirkularpolarisierte Anten¬ nen kann eine signifikante Verschlechterung der sogenannten Kreuzpolarisationsentkopplung auftreten.Resonance frequency of the antenna. A significant deterioration of the so-called cross-polarization decoupling can occur for circular-polarized antennas.
Bekannt ist ferner, daß ein Fahrzeuggerät mit zwei Antennen versehen ist, von denen die eine zum Empfang und die andere zum Wiederaussenden des empfangenen Signals dient. Durch die an der Scheibe entstehenden Reflexionen kann eine gegensei¬ tige Verkopplung der beiden Antennen entstehen, wodurch ggfs. sogar ein Oszillieren des aktiven Teils des Fahrzeuggeräts auftreten kann.It is also known that a vehicle device is provided with two antennas, one of which is used for reception and the other for re-transmission of the received signal. The reflections occurring on the pane can result in a mutual coupling of the two antennas, which may even cause the active part of the vehicle device to oscillate.
Die der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Problemstellung besteht somit darin, die Antennenanordnung hinsichtlich der Sicher- heit der Kommunikation mit einem Sende- und/oder Empfangsge¬ rät außerhalb des Fahrzeugs zu verbessern.The problem underlying the invention thus consists in improving the antenna arrangement with regard to the security of communication with a transmitting and / or receiving device outside the vehicle.
Ausgehend von dieεer Problemstellung iεt erfindungsgemäß eine Antennenanordnung der eingangs erwähnten Art dadurch gekenn- zeichnet, daß zwischen der Antenne und der Sichtscheibe ein dielektrisches Zwischenstück mit einer zwischen der Dielek- trizitätskonεtante der Sichtscheibe und der von Luft liegen¬ den Dielektrizitätskonstante zur Beeinflussung der Richtcha-Based on this problem, according to the invention an antenna arrangement of the type mentioned at the outset is characterized in that between the antenna and the viewing window there is a dielectric intermediate piece with a dielectric constant between the dielectric constant of the viewing window and the air to influence the directional characteristic.
ERSATZBLAπ(REGEL26) rakteristik der Antenne eingesetzt ist.REPLACEMENT BLAπ (RULE 26) characteristic of the antenna is used.
Mit dem zwischen Sichtscheibe und Antenne eingesetzten Zwi¬ schenstück werden einerseits die auftretenden Reflexions- anteile beim Übergang zwischen Sichtscheibe und Antenne bzw. Sichtscheibe und Luft einerseits und Luft und Antenne ande¬ rerseits erheblich verringert, da die Sprünge der Dielektri- zitätszahlen zwischen den verschiedenen Schichten verringert werden. Darüber hinaus sorgt daε dielektrische Zwischenstück aufgrund seiner seitlichen Begrenzung für eine Beeinflussung der Richtcharakteristik der Antenne. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß es durch den Einsatz eines scheibenförmigen Zwischenstücks möglich ist, die durch die Sichtscheibe eintretende Verschma- lerung der Richtcharakteristik nahezu vollständig wieder auf- zuheben, so daß die Kommunikation mit der Antenne wie ohne Zwischenschaltung einer Sichtscheibe möglich ist. Durch den Einsatz des Zwischenstücks ist es ferner möglich, den erfor¬ derlichen Abstand der Antenne von der Sichtscheibe zu verrin¬ gern, da der gleiche elektrische Abstand wegen der Dielektri- zitätεkonstanten des Zwischenstücks bei einem gefingeren me¬ chanischen Abstand erreicht wird.With the intermediate piece inserted between the lens and the antenna, on the one hand, the reflection components which occur during the transition between the lens and antenna or lens and air on the one hand and air and antenna on the other hand are considerably reduced since the jumps in the dielectric numbers between the different layers be reduced. In addition, due to its lateral limitation, the dielectric intermediate piece influences the directional characteristic of the antenna. It has been shown that the use of a disk-shaped intermediate piece makes it possible to almost completely remove the narrowing of the directional characteristic that occurs through the viewing window, so that communication with the antenna is possible as without the interposition of a viewing window. By using the intermediate piece, it is also possible to reduce the required distance of the antenna from the viewing pane, since the same electrical distance is achieved with a smaller mechanical distance due to the dielectric constant of the intermediate piece.
Vorzugsweise wird der elektrisch wirksame Abstand zwischen Sicht-scheibe und Antenne auf ein Vielfacheε der halben Wel- lenlänge eingestellt, wobei in der Praxis im allgemeinen der minimale Abstand von der halben Wellenlänge angestrebt werden wird.The electrically effective distance between the viewing window and the antenna is preferably set to a multiple of half the wavelength, in practice the minimum distance from half the wavelength will generally be aimed for.
Dabei ist es ohne weiteres denkbar, zwischen dem Zwischen- εtück und der Scheibe und/oder der Antenne auch einen Luft¬ spalt vorzusehen, wenn dies aus konstruktiven Gründen sinn¬ voll erscheint.It is readily conceivable to also provide an air gap between the intermediate piece and the disk and / or the antenna if this appears reasonable for constructional reasons.
Es ist auch denkbar, das Zwischenstück mehrteilig aus ver- schiedenen Lagen mit größenordnungsmäßig gleichen Dielektri¬ zitätskonstanten auszubilden. Auf diese Weise kann beiεpiels- weise eine dünne Gehäusewand des Fahrzeuggerätε zwischen An¬ tenne und Sichtscheibe eingesetzt werden, wobei eine seitli-It is also conceivable to form the intermediate piece in several parts from different layers with the same dielectric constant on the order of magnitude. In this way, for example, a thin housing wall of the vehicle device can be inserted between the antenna and the viewing window, with a side
ERSATZBLAπ(REGEL26) ehe Begrenzung dann nur durch den verbleibenden Teil des Zwi¬ schenstücks bewirkt wird.REPLACEMENT BLAπ (RULE 26) before limitation is then brought about only by the remaining part of the intermediate piece.
Vorzugsweise besteht das Zwischenstück aus Kunststoff mit einer Dielektrizitätskonstanten zwischen 3 und 5, vorzugswei¬ se um 4.The intermediate piece preferably consists of plastic with a dielectric constant between 3 and 5, preferably around 4.
Das Zwischenstück wird zweckmäßigerweise in Form einer Schei¬ be ausgebildet sein, wobei die Form des Zwischenεtücks vor- zugsweise der Form der planaren Antenne entspricht. Dabei ist es jedoch regelmäßig vorteilhaft, wenn das zweckmäßigerweise zylinderscheibenförmige Zwischenstück so dimensioniert ist, daß seine zur Antenne zeigende Oberfläche etwas größer als die der Antenne ist. Dabei sollte die Oberfläche des Zwi- schenstücks nicht größer als doppelt so groß wie die Oberflä¬ che der Antenne sein.The intermediate piece is expediently designed in the form of a disk, the shape of the intermediate piece preferably corresponding to the shape of the planar antenna. However, it is regularly advantageous if the expediently cylindrical disk-shaped intermediate piece is dimensioned such that its surface facing the antenna is somewhat larger than that of the antenna. The surface of the intermediate piece should not be larger than twice the surface of the antenna.
Die erfindungsgemäße Antennenanσrdnung läßt sich auch bei mehreren Antennen eines Fahrzeuggeräts realisieren, indem jeder Antenne ein Zwischenstück zugeordnet ist. Dabei sind die Antennen zweckmäßigerweise auf einer gemeinsam Träger¬ platte angeordnet.The antenna arrangement according to the invention can also be implemented in the case of several antennas of a vehicle device by assigning an intermediate piece to each antenna. The antennas are expediently arranged on a common carrier plate.
Die Erfindung soll im folgenden anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert werden. Es zeigen:The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. Show it:
Figur 1 - einen schematischen Schnitt durch eine erfin¬ dungsgemäße Antennenanordnung1 shows a schematic section through an antenna arrangement according to the invention
Figur 2 - der Richtcharakteris4- ;k der erfindungsgemäßenFigure 2 - the directional characteristic 4 - ; k of the invention
Antennenanordnung im ?rgleich zu einer her¬ kömmlichen Anordnung -nd einer Antennenanord¬ nung ohne Sichtscheibe.Antenna arrangement in the same way as a conventional arrangement and an antenna arrangement without a lens.
Figur 1 läßt eine Trägerplatte 1 erkennen, auf die eine pla- nare Antenne 2, beispielsweise als im wesentlichen kreisför¬ miges Antennenelement aufgebracht ist. Zwischen der Antenne 2FIG. 1 shows a carrier plate 1 on which a planar antenna 2, for example as an essentially circular antenna element, is applied. Between the antenna 2
ERSATZBLAπ(REGEL26) und einer Sichtscheibe 3 eines Kraftfahrzeugs ist ein Zwi¬ schenstück 4 eingesetzt, das im dargestellten Ausführungsbei¬ εpiel als kreiεzylindrische Kunststoffscheibe mit einer Di¬ elektrizitätskonstanten von etwa 4 ausgeführt ist. Die Dicke des Zwischenstücks 4 ist so gewählt, daß der Abstand zwischen Antenne 2 und Sichtscheibe 3 elektrisch der halben Wellenlän¬ ge entspricht. Aufgrund der Dielektrizitätskonstanten von etwa 4 beträgt die Dicke für eine Trägerfrequenz von 5,8 GHz somit etwa 12 mm.REPLACEMENT BLAπ (RULE 26) and a lens 3 of a motor vehicle, an intermediate piece 4 is used, which in the exemplary embodiment shown is designed as a circular-cylindrical plastic disk with a dielectric constant of approximately 4. The thickness of the intermediate piece 4 is chosen so that the distance between the antenna 2 and the viewing window 3 corresponds electrically to half the wavelength. Due to the dielectric constant of approximately 4, the thickness for a carrier frequency of 5.8 GHz is thus approximately 12 mm.
Wie Figur 1 erkennen läßt, ist der Durchmesser des Zwischen¬ stücks 4 etwas größer als der Durchmesser der Antenne 2. Da¬ bei iεt die zur Antenne 2 zeigende Anlagefläche des Zwischen¬ stücks 4 jedoch nicht größer als doppelt so groß wie die Oberfläche der Antenne 2.As can be seen in FIG. 1, the diameter of the intermediate piece 4 is somewhat larger than the diameter of the antenna 2. However, the contact surface of the intermediate piece 4 facing the antenna 2 is not larger than twice the surface area of the antenna 2nd
Figur 2 zeigt drei Richtcharakteristiken A, B, C.FIG. 2 shows three directional characteristics A, B, C.
Die Richtcharakteristik A gilt für die planare Antenne 2 ohne Zwischenschaltung einer Sichtscheibe 3. Eε ist erkennbar, daß auch für εchräg einfallende elektromagnetische Wellen ein gutes Empfangs- und Sendeergebniε erzielt wird, da eine er¬ hebliche Dämpfung erst bei sehr spitzen Einfallswinkeln auf die Oberfläche der planaren Antenne 2 auftreten.The directional characteristic A applies to the planar antenna 2 without the interposition of a viewing window 3. It can be seen that good reception and transmission results are also achieved for obliquely incident electromagnetic waves, since considerable attenuation only occurs at very acute angles of incidence on the surface of the planar antenna 2 occur.
Ist hingegen die planare Antenne 2 hinter der Sichtscheibe 3, beispielεweiεe in einem Abεtand von der halben Wellenlänge angebracht, ergibt εich die Richtcharakteriεtik gemäß der Kurve B. Dieεe Kurve verdeutlicht, daß schon bei relativ ge- ringen Abweichungen von der εenkrechten Einfallsrichtung er¬ hebliche Dämpfungen auftreten, so daß bereits relativ schräg stehende Windschutzscheiben oder aus anderen Gründen schräg einfallende Signale zu nachhaltigen Störungen der Kommunika¬ tion führen können.If, on the other hand, the planar antenna 2 is located behind the viewing window 3, for example at a distance of half the wavelength, the directional characteristic according to curve B is evident. This curve illustrates that considerable attenuation is achieved even with relatively small deviations from the perpendicular direction of incidence occur, so that windshields that are already relatively sloping or for other reasons slanting signals can lead to lasting disturbances in communication.
Ist hingegen zwischen der Antenne 2 und der Sichtscheibe 3 das dielektrische Zwischenεtück 4 eingeεetzt, ergibt sich die Kurve C, die qualitativ im wesentlichen der Kurve A ent-If, on the other hand, the dielectric intermediate piece 4 is inserted between the antenna 2 and the lens 3, the curve C results, which essentially corresponds to the curve A in terms of quality.
ERSATZBLAH(REGEL26) spricht. Die durch das Vorhandensein der Sichtscheibe 3 ein¬ tretende Verschlechterung der Richtcharakteristik (Übergang von Kurve A auf Kurve B) wird somit durch das Einsetzten des dielektrischen Zwischenεtücks 4 kompensiert.ERSATZBLAH (REGEL26) speaks. The deterioration of the directional characteristic that occurs due to the presence of the viewing window 3 (transition from curve A to curve B) is thus compensated for by the use of the dielectric intermediate piece 4.
ERSATZBLAπ(REGEL26) REPLACEMENT BLAπ (RULE 26)

Claims

AnsprücheExpectations
1. Antennenanordnung zur Anbringung einer planaren An¬ tenne (2) auf der Innenseite einer Sichtεcheibe (3) eines Kraftfahrzeugs zum Zwecke der drahtlosen Kommu- nikation zwischen einem Fahrzeuggerät und einem Sende- und/oder Empfangsgerät außerhalb des Fahrzeugs, insbe¬ sondere auf Frequenzen im GHz-Bereich, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, daß zwischen der Antenne (2) und der Sicht¬ scheibe (3) ein dielektrisches Zwischenstück (4) mit einer zwischen der Dielektrizitätskonstanten der Sicht¬ scheibe (3) und der von Luft liegenden Dielektrizitäts¬ konstanten zur Beeinflussung der Richtcharakteristik der Antenne (2) eingesetzt ist.1. Antenna arrangement for attaching a planar antenna (2) on the inside of a viewing window (3) of a motor vehicle for the purpose of wireless communication between a vehicle device and a transmitting and / or receiving device outside the vehicle, in particular on frequencies in the GHz range, characterized in that between the antenna (2) and the viewing disc (3) there is a dielectric intermediate piece (4) with one between the dielectric constant of the viewing disc (3) and that of air which is in the air constant to influence the directional characteristic of the antenna (2) is used.
2. Antennenanordnung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeich¬ net, daß der elektrisch wirksame Abεtand zwischen der Sichtschei-be (3) und der Antenne (2) auf etwa n«l/2 der Wellenlänge eingestellt ist, wobei n eine natürliche Zahl >. 0 ist.2. Antenna arrangement according to claim 1, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the electrically effective distance between the viewing plate (3) and the antenna (2) is set to approximately n «1/2 of the wavelength, where n is a natural number>. Is 0.
3. Antennenanordnung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, gekennzeichnet durch einen Luftspalt zwischen dem Zwischenstück (4) und der Sichtscheibe (3) und/oder der Antenne (2).3. Antenna arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by an air gap between the intermediate piece (4) and the viewing window (3) and / or the antenna (2).
4. Antennenanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, da¬ durch gekennzeichnet, daß das Zwischenstück (4) mehrtei¬ lig aus verschiedenen Lagen mit größenordnungsmäßig gleichen Dielektrizitätskonεtanten gebildet ist.4. Antenna arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by the fact that the intermediate piece (4) is formed in several parts from different layers with the same dielectric constants of the same order of magnitude.
5. Antennenanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, da¬ durch gekennzeichnet, daß daε Zwiεchenstück (4) aus Kun- εtεtoff mit einer Dielektrizitätskonstanten zwischen 3 und 5 besteht.5. Antenna arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 4, da¬ characterized in that daε intermediate piece (4) consists of plastic εtεtoff with a dielectric constant between 3 and 5.
6. Antennenanordnung nach Anεpruch 5, dadurch gekennzeich¬ net, daß die Dielektrizitätskonstante etwa 4 beträgt.6. Antenna arrangement according to claim 5, characterized in that the dielectric constant is approximately 4.
ERSATZBLAπ(REGEL26) 7. Λntennenanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 biε 6, da¬ durch gekennzeichnet, daß das Zwischenstück (4) in Form einer Scheibe ausgebildet ist.REPLACEMENT BLAπ (RULE 26) 7. antenna arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the intermediate piece (4) is in the form of a disk.
6. Antennenanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, da¬ durch gekennzeichnet, daß die Form des Zwischenstücks (4) der Form der planaren Antenne (2) entspricht.6. Antenna arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 7, da¬ characterized in that the shape of the intermediate piece (4) corresponds to the shape of the planar antenna (2).
9. Antennenanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 biε 8, da- durch gekennzeichnet, daß die zur Antenne (2) zeigende9. Antenna arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the antenna (2) pointing
Oberfläche des Zwischenstücks (4) etwas größer als die der Antenne (2) ist.Surface of the intermediate piece (4) is slightly larger than that of the antenna (2).
10. A.ntennenanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 biε S, ge- kennzeichnet durch wenigstens zwei an der Sichtscheibe10. Antenna arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized by at least two on the viewing window
(3) jeweilε über ein Zwischenstück (4) angeordnete An¬ tennen ( 2 ) .(3) antennas (2) each arranged via an intermediate piece (4).
11. Antennenanordnung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeich- net, daß die Antennen (2) auf einer gemeinsamen Träger¬ platte (1) angeordnet εind.11. Antenna arrangement according to claim 10, characterized in that the antennas (2) are arranged on a common carrier plate (1).
ERSATZBLAπ(REGEL26) REPLACEMENT BLAπ (RULE 26)
PCT/DE1996/002403 1996-03-19 1996-12-12 Aerial arrangement for attaching a planar aerial to the inside of a vehicle window WO1997035354A1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR10-1998-0706832A KR100446033B1 (en) 1996-03-19 1996-12-12 Antenna device for mounting flat antenna on the inside of car windscreen
JP53301597A JP3884772B2 (en) 1996-03-19 1996-12-12 Antenna device for mounting a flat antenna inside an automobile window
EP96946192A EP0888646B1 (en) 1996-03-19 1996-12-12 Aerial arrangement for attaching a planar aerial to the inside of a vehicle window
DE59604855T DE59604855D1 (en) 1996-03-19 1996-12-12 ANTENNA ARRANGEMENT FOR ATTACHING A PLANAR ANTENNA ON THE INSIDE OF A WINDOW WINDOW OF A MOTOR VEHICLE

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19610783A DE19610783A1 (en) 1996-03-19 1996-03-19 Antenna arrangement for attaching a planar antenna to the inside of a window of a motor vehicle
DE19610783.0 1996-03-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997035354A1 true WO1997035354A1 (en) 1997-09-25

Family

ID=7788754

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE1996/002403 WO1997035354A1 (en) 1996-03-19 1996-12-12 Aerial arrangement for attaching a planar aerial to the inside of a vehicle window

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0888646B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3884772B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100446033B1 (en)
DE (2) DE19610783A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2144806T3 (en)
WO (1) WO1997035354A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005033475A (en) * 2003-07-11 2005-02-03 Tokai Rika Co Ltd Antenna assembly
JP2017129419A (en) * 2016-01-19 2017-07-27 日本電産エレシス株式会社 vehicle
JP2017129418A (en) 2016-01-19 2017-07-27 日本電産エレシス株式会社 vehicle
JP2017161431A (en) 2016-03-11 2017-09-14 日本電産エレシス株式会社 vehicle
JP6904338B2 (en) * 2016-04-27 2021-07-14 Ａｇｃ株式会社 Window members and vehicle window glass
KR102381621B1 (en) 2017-05-18 2022-04-01 삼성전자 주식회사 Glass structure including lens and receiver including lens
EA202090403A1 (en) * 2017-08-02 2020-04-29 ЭйДжиСи Инк. ANTENNA BLOCK FOR GLASS, GLASS SHEET WITH ANTENNA AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING ANTENNA BLOCK FOR GLASS
BR112020018429A2 (en) * 2018-03-16 2020-12-29 AGC Inc. ANTENNA UNIT, WINDOW GLASS FIXED TO THE ANTENNA UNIT AND CORRESPONDENCE BODY
DE112018007136B4 (en) 2018-03-23 2022-06-09 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation RADAR DEVICE
WO2023140261A1 (en) * 2022-01-18 2023-07-27 株式会社クラレ Antenna system, and manufacturing method and design method for same

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3834075A1 (en) * 1987-10-07 1989-04-20 Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd Window antenna
GB2290417A (en) * 1994-06-14 1995-12-20 Pilkington Plc Antenna assembly

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3834075A1 (en) * 1987-10-07 1989-04-20 Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd Window antenna
GB2290417A (en) * 1994-06-14 1995-12-20 Pilkington Plc Antenna assembly

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
WEN-SHYANG CHEN ET AL: "SUPERSTRATE LOADING EFFECTS ON THE CIRCULAR POLARIZATION AND CROSSPOLARIZATION CHARACTERISTICS OF A RECTANGULAR MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 42, no. 2, 1 February 1994 (1994-02-01), pages 260 - 264, XP000435752 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0888646B1 (en) 2000-03-29
EP0888646A1 (en) 1999-01-07
KR100446033B1 (en) 2004-11-03
JP2000506705A (en) 2000-05-30
ES2144806T3 (en) 2000-06-16
DE59604855D1 (en) 2000-05-04
JP3884772B2 (en) 2007-02-21
KR20000064540A (en) 2000-11-06
DE19610783A1 (en) 1997-09-25

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE19503892C1 (en) Car glass pane provided with an electrical conductive layer
DE69933085T2 (en) Radio communication device and a slot loop antenna
DE19602657A1 (en) Mobile telephone aerial for securing to vehicle glass surface
DE10030489B4 (en) Capacitive grounding system for VHF and UHF antennas
DE19740254A1 (en) Radio antenna arrangement e.g. for GSM
DE102017200689A1 (en) vehicle
WO1997035354A1 (en) Aerial arrangement for attaching a planar aerial to the inside of a vehicle window
DE60315406T2 (en) Cavity slot antenna
DE60315787T2 (en) Vehicle-mounted antenna
WO2004095634A2 (en) Fixture for mobile radio equipment in a vehicle
WO1996031918A1 (en) Window-mounted antenna array with a high heat-transmission attenuation factor
DE4237818C2 (en) Window antenna for motor vehicles
DE102017208781A1 (en) Broadband antenna in the crashpad for vehicles
EP0679318B1 (en) Uhf-waveband radio-antenna assembly for vehicles
DE102010019904A1 (en) Arrangement for wireless connection of wireless device i.e. mobile phone, to high-frequency line, has electrically conductive layer deposited on surface for receiving radio waves from coupling antenna, and strip line applied on surface
DE4027186A1 (en) TRANSMISSION SYSTEM FOR RAIL VEHICLES
DE4025766A1 (en) Electronically controllable vehicle antenna - uses plate separated by dielectric material with permeability controlled by dc voltage
US6211832B1 (en) Windowpane antenna apparatus for vehicles
EP1151536B1 (en) Method and arrangement for regulating the power of a transmit amplifier
CH676903A5 (en) Information transmission system for train - uses coded microwave signals fed between successive train sections
EP1109245A2 (en) Antenna for the transmission and reception of electromagnetic signals
DE10257370B3 (en) Reflection-optimized antenna cladding for radio antenna operated in microwave frequency range using multi-layer dielectric cross-sectional structure
EP0079001A1 (en) Receiving circuit for HF signals
EP1121769B1 (en) Antenna array for a radio station which can be operated in a plurality of frequency ranges, and a radio station
DE4332476A1 (en) Method and device for transmitting data signals

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): JP KR

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE

DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 1996946192

Country of ref document: EP

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 1019980706832

Country of ref document: KR

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 1996946192

Country of ref document: EP

WWG Wipo information: grant in national office

Ref document number: 1996946192

Country of ref document: EP

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 1019980706832

Country of ref document: KR

WWG Wipo information: grant in national office

Ref document number: 1019980706832

Country of ref document: KR