WO1997025854A1 - System and means for heating an environment, especially a hothouse, by electricity with heat diffusion by radiation - Google Patents

System and means for heating an environment, especially a hothouse, by electricity with heat diffusion by radiation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997025854A1
WO1997025854A1 PCT/IT1996/000073 IT9600073W WO9725854A1 WO 1997025854 A1 WO1997025854 A1 WO 1997025854A1 IT 9600073 W IT9600073 W IT 9600073W WO 9725854 A1 WO9725854 A1 WO 9725854A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heating
hothouse
shaped
electrically
electrically insulating
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IT1996/000073
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Aldo Stabile
Original Assignee
Cadif S.R.L.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cadif S.R.L. filed Critical Cadif S.R.L.
Priority to AU53457/96A priority Critical patent/AU5345796A/en
Publication of WO1997025854A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997025854A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F24C7/00—Stoves or ranges heated by electric energy
    • F24C7/04—Stoves or ranges heated by electric energy with heat radiated directly from the heating element
    • F24C7/043—Stoves
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor

Definitions

  • Hothouses are generally known as being enclosed spaces, often in the form of a paviliion, used for growing vegetable species requiring special environmental conditions.
  • the walls and roofs are of glass for greatest exploitation of sunlight and heat rays to secure the best growing conditions for plants whether edible or decorative.
  • Hothouses differ from other enclosed spaces especially as regards the duration over time of their environmental features and the possibilities they offer of adapting physical and chemical parameters to the various stages of vegetation of the plants housed in them. Hothouses are distinguished by their different types of cultivation and multiplication. Structurally the width/length ratio varies from 0,25 to 0.5 while heating can be provided in various ways.
  • Conditions of the earth, temperature and humidity can be adjusted to suit different needs, seeking to compensate for any lack of radiation by the sun that there may be.
  • the form of heating and its adjustment must therefore be as flexible as possible, easy to regulate, reasonable in cost both the installation itself and running it, at the same time absolutely reliable; above all it must be able to replace or add to solar radiation by providing similar characteristics.
  • the present invention can give these results and also offer important advantages as regards installation and managing the hothouse as will be explained below.
  • Subject of the invention is an electric heating system whose heat is conveyed by radiation, comprising one or more heating segments each of which consists of a metal channel, shaped like a square U with a high ratio between width and thickness whose inner surface at least is lined with an electrically insulating layer, and of an oblong body of a constant external rectangular section substantially corresponding to the constant internal rectangular section of the U-shaped channel.
  • Said body consists of a shaped piece of electrically insulating foam material one of whose greater faces is stably associated to a band of electrically conducting material whose thickness is measured in microns.
  • Said oblong body is lodged inside the metal channel with the band of conducting material facing the bottom.
  • the material used for the U-shaped metal channel is preferably aluminium.
  • the oblong body formed of a piece of shaped foam material associated to an electrically conducting band, is of a type available on the market.
  • Said conducting band may be of copper or aluminium.
  • the foam material may be of plastic, preferably polypropylene, or of rubber,
  • the electrically insulating layer in the U-shaped metal channel may be made by anodization or by application of suitable paints. Heating segments are preferably modular.
  • lines of electric heating will be formed, the heat from which is diffused by radiation.
  • Said lines of electric heating are suspended by cords, wires or other means from the roof or at any rate at a certain height above ground inside the hothouse and can be series or parallel connected to the source of electricity.
  • the lines of electric heating installed in the hothouse are connected by wiring to an electronic control unit which receives data sent in by sensors of temperature, light, humidity and other phenomena placed at strategic points among the plants in the hothouse.
  • said control unit turns one or other of said lines on or off and electrically connects them so as to assure the best level of heat in the various parts of the hothouse.
  • Approximate dimensions of a preferred type of heating segment are: thickness 1-2 cm, width 5-10 cm, length 3-6 m; temperature values are between 30° and 80°C and electric power is from 10 to 50 W/linear m.
  • the invention offers evident advantages. At any time and also in any area of the hothouse the best possible values of temperature can be ensured for the desired effects.
  • Heating by electricity with heat diffused by radiation makes possible timely and easy regulation and execution of programs put into the control unit, but most of all provides a type of heating very similar to that created by the rays of the sun.
  • the heating lines of extremely simple construction and of practically negligible weight operating at a low temperature can be placed as desired in strategic points of the hothouse, the installation being of a highly flexible and versatile kind.
  • the aluminium channel carrying the heat generator protects it from environmental moisture and reflects the heat.
  • Fig.1 Perspective of modular segment for electric heating, as invented.
  • Fig.2 Roll of plastic foam associated to a sheet of copper on normal sale.
  • Fig.3 Component of segment in Fig.1 made from the roll in Fig.2.
  • Fig.4 Line of electric heating made from segments in Fig.1 with means of attachment for suspension.
  • Fig.5 Hothouse with double-pitch roof showing heating lines as in Fig. 4.
  • the modular segment 20 (Fig.1) for electric heating is formed of a square
  • U-shaped channel 21 of aluminium whose base 22 exhibits a high ratio between width and thickness.
  • the internal surface at least of said channel is electrically insulated by means of an anodized layer 23.
  • an oblong body 30 of a rectangular section (Fig.3) is fitted, said body consisting of a shaped piece 31 of thermally insulating foam material one face of which is stably associated to a band of copper
  • Said oblong body 30 is obtained by making transversal cuts 43 in rolls 40 (Fig.2) of a two-dimensional body 41 of plastic foam, available on the market, to one of whose faces the sheet of copper 42 is stably associated.
  • the external dimensions of the oblong body 30 correspond to the internal dimensions of the channel 21.
  • the ends of the copper sheet 32 in said oblong body 30 have connectors
  • the segment 20 therefore produces diffused heat which, through the bottom of the channel 21 , radiates outward to the environment.
  • the heating line 50 (Fig.4) is formed of a series of aligned segments 20 made into a firm structure, electrically connected in series one to another by electric bridges 60 between adjacent connectors 35, 36 of two contiguous segments. At the joints between segments and also in intermediate positions, are rectangular rings 61 carrying base parts 62 for suspension.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a hothouse with a double-pitch roof 71 , 72 on pillars 73 and longitudinal beams 74 joined by horizontal tie rods 75. Walls and roofing are of glass.
  • the six longitudinal lines of heating 50-55 are hung transversally by their cords 62 to the above horizontal tie rods.
  • the terminal electric connectors of said lines are joined by conductors 56-59 to the electric cables 80 leading to the control unit 81.
  • this control unit also receives data from sensors on temperature, light, moisture and any other phenomena , placed at strategic points among the plants. According to this data and to a previously established plan, the unit regulates transmission of electricity to the lines of heating 50-55, connected in series or parallel as the case may be, turning one line or another on or off to ensure that the environment and the various areas for protected or forced growth receive the necessary radiated heat in accordance with extemal and internal climatic conditions and with the effects it is desired to achieve.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Greenhouses (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Abstract

System for electrically heating an environment, especially a hothouse (70) by lines (50) of heating comprising one or more aligned modular segments (20) joined for structural and electrical continuity (61), each formed of a shaped piece (31) of insulating foam material one of whose larger faces is associated to an electrically conducting band (32), thickness of which is expressed in microns, laid inside a metal channel (21) in the form of a squared U, with the band facing towards the anodized bottom, the ends of said band being connected, by means of connectors (35, 36) to a source of electricity that is transformed into diffused heat to warm the environment by radiation.

Description

System and means for heating an environment, especially a hothouse, by electricity with heat diffusion by radiation Hothouses are generally known as being enclosed spaces, often in the form of a paviliion, used for growing vegetable species requiring special environmental conditions.
The walls and roofs are of glass for greatest exploitation of sunlight and heat rays to secure the best growing conditions for plants whether edible or decorative.
Hothouses differ from other enclosed spaces especially as regards the duration over time of their environmental features and the possibilities they offer of adapting physical and chemical parameters to the various stages of vegetation of the plants housed in them. Hothouses are distinguished by their different types of cultivation and multiplication. Structurally the width/length ratio varies from 0,25 to 0.5 while heating can be provided in various ways.
In the case of electric heating installed power can vary from 5 even to
1000W/m2 according to the effects desired, Conditions of the earth, temperature and humidity can be adjusted to suit different needs, seeking to compensate for any lack of radiation by the sun that there may be.
In modern hothouses computers facilitate timely and automatic adaption of conditions to provide those best for the plants by regulating the most important factors of temperature and humidity
Today heating is done by steam, hot water or heated air. This is susbstantially conveyed by convection from below and is chosen because electric heating becomes extremely costly in view of the exceptional volume of air to be warmed.
The form of heating and its adjustment must therefore be as flexible as possible, easy to regulate, reasonable in cost both the installation itself and running it, at the same time absolutely reliable; above all it must be able to replace or add to solar radiation by providing similar characteristics.
The present invention can give these results and also offer important advantages as regards installation and managing the hothouse as will be explained below.
Subject of the invention is an electric heating system whose heat is conveyed by radiation, comprising one or more heating segments each of which consists of a metal channel, shaped like a square U with a high ratio between width and thickness whose inner surface at least is lined with an electrically insulating layer, and of an oblong body of a constant external rectangular section substantially corresponding to the constant internal rectangular section of the U-shaped channel.
Said body consists of a shaped piece of electrically insulating foam material one of whose greater faces is stably associated to a band of electrically conducting material whose thickness is measured in microns.
Said oblong body is lodged inside the metal channel with the band of conducting material facing the bottom.
By connecting the ends of said band, provided with electric connectors, to a source of electricity, electric current passes through and is transformed into diffused heat that is then conveyed by radiation to the surrounding environment.
The material used for the U-shaped metal channel is preferably aluminium. The oblong body formed of a piece of shaped foam material associated to an electrically conducting band, is of a type available on the market.
Said conducting band may be of copper or aluminium. The foam material may be of plastic, preferably polypropylene, or of rubber,
The electrically insulating layer in the U-shaped metal channel may be made by anodization or by application of suitable paints. Heating segments are preferably modular.
By axially joining a number of said segments to give structural and electrical continuity, lines of electric heating will be formed, the heat from which is diffused by radiation. Said lines of electric heating are suspended by cords, wires or other means from the roof or at any rate at a certain height above ground inside the hothouse and can be series or parallel connected to the source of electricity.
The lines of electric heating installed in the hothouse are connected by wiring to an electronic control unit which receives data sent in by sensors of temperature, light, humidity and other phenomena placed at strategic points among the plants in the hothouse.
In accordance with an installed program, said control unit turns one or other of said lines on or off and electrically connects them so as to assure the best level of heat in the various parts of the hothouse. Approximate dimensions of a preferred type of heating segment are: thickness 1-2 cm, width 5-10 cm, length 3-6 m; temperature values are between 30° and 80°C and electric power is from 10 to 50 W/linear m. The invention offers evident advantages. At any time and also in any area of the hothouse the best possible values of temperature can be ensured for the desired effects.
Heating by electricity with heat diffused by radiation makes possible timely and easy regulation and execution of programs put into the control unit, but most of all provides a type of heating very similar to that created by the rays of the sun. The heating lines, of extremely simple construction and of practically negligible weight operating at a low temperature can be placed as desired in strategic points of the hothouse, the installation being of a highly flexible and versatile kind. The aluminium channel carrying the heat generator protects it from environmental moisture and reflects the heat.
All the above is provided at very low cost both as regards the installation, some parts of which can be purchased on the market, and as regards its operation, while maintenance costs are almost non-existent.
Characteristics and purposes of the invention will be made stilll clearer by the following example of its execution illustrated by diagrammatically drawn figures.
Fig.1 Perspective of modular segment for electric heating, as invented. Fig.2 Roll of plastic foam associated to a sheet of copper on normal sale.
Fig.3 Component of segment in Fig.1 made from the roll in Fig.2.
Fig.4 Line of electric heating made from segments in Fig.1 with means of attachment for suspension.
Fig.5 Hothouse with double-pitch roof showing heating lines as in Fig. 4. The modular segment 20 (Fig.1) for electric heating is formed of a square
U-shaped channel 21 of aluminium whose base 22 exhibits a high ratio between width and thickness.
The internal surface at least of said channel is electrically insulated by means of an anodized layer 23. Inside the channel an oblong body 30 of a rectangular section (Fig.3) is fitted, said body consisting of a shaped piece 31 of thermally insulating foam material one face of which is stably associated to a band of copper
32.
Said oblong body 30 is obtained by making transversal cuts 43 in rolls 40 (Fig.2) of a two-dimensional body 41 of plastic foam, available on the market, to one of whose faces the sheet of copper 42 is stably associated.
The external dimensions of the oblong body 30 correspond to the internal dimensions of the channel 21. The ends of the copper sheet 32 in said oblong body 30 have connectors
35, 36 for electrical connection through electric wiring 37, 38. Connecting said wires to a source 39 of electric energy, said energy is transformed by Joule effect, into thermal energy thereby slightly raising the temperature of the copper band 32.
The segment 20 therefore produces diffused heat which, through the bottom of the channel 21 , radiates outward to the environment. The heating line 50 (Fig.4) is formed of a series of aligned segments 20 made into a firm structure, electrically connected in series one to another by electric bridges 60 between adjacent connectors 35, 36 of two contiguous segments. At the joints between segments and also in intermediate positions, are rectangular rings 61 carrying base parts 62 for suspension.
On connecting the wires 37, 38 of the end connectors 35, 36 on the line 50 to the source of electric current, environmental heating is created by radiation of the thermal energy so produced. Fig. 5 illustrates a hothouse with a double-pitch roof 71 , 72 on pillars 73 and longitudinal beams 74 joined by horizontal tie rods 75. Walls and roofing are of glass.
The six longitudinal lines of heating 50-55 are hung transversally by their cords 62 to the above horizontal tie rods. The terminal electric connectors of said lines are joined by conductors 56-59 to the electric cables 80 leading to the control unit 81.
By means of electric wiring not shown this control unit also receives data from sensors on temperature, light, moisture and any other phenomena , placed at strategic points among the plants. According to this data and to a previously established plan, the unit regulates transmission of electricity to the lines of heating 50-55, connected in series or parallel as the case may be, turning one line or another on or off to ensure that the environment and the various areas for protected or forced growth receive the necessary radiated heat in accordance with extemal and internal climatic conditions and with the effects it is desired to achieve.
Since the present invention has been described and explained as an example only, not limited to this, and to show its essential characteristics, it is hereby stated that numerous variations may be made to it according to industrial, commercial and other requirements and that other systems and means may be included without thereby causing changes in its sphere of operation.
It must therefore be understood that the application to patent comprises any equivalent use of the concepts and any equivalent product executed and/or in operation according to any one or more of the characteristics expressed in the following claims.

Claims

Claims
1. System for heating an environment, especially a greenhouse (70), by electricity, heat being diffused by radiation.1 , characterized in that it comprises one or more heating segments (20) 5 each consisting of a squared U-shaped metal channel (21) having a high ratio between width and thickness, whose internal surface at least is lined with an electrically insulating layer (23) and of an oblong body (30) having a constant external rectangular section substantially corresponding to the constant internal rectangular section of the U-shaped channel, said body o consisting of a piece of shaped electrically insulating foam stably associated on one of its greater faces to a band (32) of electrically conducting material of a thickness expressed in microns, laid inside the metal channel with the conducting material facing the bottom (22), the ends of said band being provided with electric connectors (35, 36) for 5 connection to a source (39) of electric current so that when current passes along, it is transformed into diffused heat conveyed by radiation to the surrounding environment.
2. System as in claim 1 , characterized in that the metal U-shaped channel (21) is of aluminium. 0
3. System as in claim 1 characterized in that the conducting band (32), associated to the shaped piece (31) of electrically insulating foam material, is of copper.
4. System as in claim 1 , characterized in that the conducting band (32), associated to the shaped 5 piece (31) of electrically insulating foam material, is of aluminium.
5. System as in claim 1 , characterized in that the shaped piece (31) of electrically insulating foam material is of plastic.
6. System as in claim 1 , 0 characterized in that the shaped piece (31) of electrically insulating foam material is of polypropylene.
7. System as in claim 1 , characterized in that the shaped piece (31) of electrically insulating foam material is of rubber.
8. System as in claim 1 ,
5 characterized in that the oblong body (30) formed of a shaped piece (31) of foam material associated to an electrically conducting band (32), is of a type available on the market.
9. System as in claim 1 , characterized in that the electrically insulating layer (23) in the U-shaped I0 metal channel is formed by anodization.
10. System as in claim 1 , characterized in that the heating segments (20) are modular.
11. System as in claim 1 , characterized in that the heating segments (20) are joined together i 5 axially for structural and electrical continuity (61 ) thus forming electrically heated lines (50-55) from which diffused heat reaches the environment by radiation.
12. System as in claim 11 , characterized in that the electrically heated lines (50-55) are hung by 20 cords (62) or other means (75) from the roof or are at any rate raised to a certain height above the floor inside the hothouse (70).
13. System as in claim 11 , characterized in that the electrically heated lines (50-55) installed in the hothouse (70) are connected in series or in parallel to the source (80) of 25 electricity.
14. System as in claim 11 , characterized in that the electrically heated lines (50-55) installed in the hothouse (70) are connected by electric wiring (56-59) to an electronic control unit (81 ) which receives data from sensors of temperature, liight,
30 humidity and other phenomena, placed at strategic points among the plants in the hothouse (70) said control unit (81), according to the operating program put into it, switching one or other of the lines (50-55) on or off so connecting them electrically as to ensure the most suitable levels of heat in the various parts of the hothouse.
35 15. System as in claim 1 , characterized in that dimensions of the heating segments (20), in a preferred type, are approximately as follows: thickness 1 -2 cm, width 5- 10 cm, length 3 m. 5 16. System as in claim 1 , characterized in that temperatures in the heating segments (20), in a preferred type, are approximately from 30° to 80°C.
17. System as in claim 1 , characterized in that electric power in the heating segments (20), in a l o preferred type, is 10 - 50 W/linear m.
18. Segments (30) for heeting by electricity to give execution to the electric heating system as described and explained in claims 1 -17.
PCT/IT1996/000073 1996-01-19 1996-04-15 System and means for heating an environment, especially a hothouse, by electricity with heat diffusion by radiation WO1997025854A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU53457/96A AU5345796A (en) 1996-01-19 1996-04-15 System and means for heating an environment, especially a hothouse, by electricity with heat diffusion by radiation

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITMI96A000095 1996-01-19
IT96MI000095A IT1281697B1 (en) 1996-01-19 1996-01-19 SYSTEM AND MEANS FOR ELECTRIC ENVIRONMENTAL HEATING IN SPECIES OF GREENHOUSES WITH DIFFUSED HEAT TRANSMITTED BY RADIATION

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997025854A1 true WO1997025854A1 (en) 1997-07-24

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IT (1) IT1281697B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1997025854A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2770935A1 (en) * 1997-11-12 1999-05-14 Peugeot ELECTRICAL CONNECTION BETWEEN RTM COMPOSITE PANELS

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2930044A1 (en) * 1979-07-24 1981-03-12 Thermoval Fußbodenheizungen Entwicklungs- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Wien COMPONENT.
US4339074A (en) * 1978-10-11 1982-07-13 Nissmo Jim A Method and apparatus for controlling the temperature in greenhouses
AT382709B (en) * 1983-02-14 1987-04-10 Zortea Rembert RADIATION HEATING
WO1994014012A1 (en) * 1992-12-07 1994-06-23 Rudolf Kurz Gmbh & Co. Wall element with integral heating
DE4400410A1 (en) * 1994-01-04 1995-07-06 Frank Wieske Electric surface heating element with heat storage characteristic

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4339074A (en) * 1978-10-11 1982-07-13 Nissmo Jim A Method and apparatus for controlling the temperature in greenhouses
DE2930044A1 (en) * 1979-07-24 1981-03-12 Thermoval Fußbodenheizungen Entwicklungs- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Wien COMPONENT.
AT382709B (en) * 1983-02-14 1987-04-10 Zortea Rembert RADIATION HEATING
WO1994014012A1 (en) * 1992-12-07 1994-06-23 Rudolf Kurz Gmbh & Co. Wall element with integral heating
DE4400410A1 (en) * 1994-01-04 1995-07-06 Frank Wieske Electric surface heating element with heat storage characteristic

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2770935A1 (en) * 1997-11-12 1999-05-14 Peugeot ELECTRICAL CONNECTION BETWEEN RTM COMPOSITE PANELS
EP0917244A1 (en) * 1997-11-12 1999-05-19 Automobiles Peugeot Electrical connection of composite RTM panels

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU5345796A (en) 1997-08-11
IT1281697B1 (en) 1998-02-26
ITMI960095A0 (en) 1996-01-19
ITMI960095A1 (en) 1997-07-19

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