WO1997024377A1 - Initiateurs fonctionnalises, pour polymerisation anionique - Google Patents

Initiateurs fonctionnalises, pour polymerisation anionique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997024377A1
WO1997024377A1 PCT/US1996/007625 US9607625W WO9724377A1 WO 1997024377 A1 WO1997024377 A1 WO 1997024377A1 US 9607625 W US9607625 W US 9607625W WO 9724377 A1 WO9724377 A1 WO 9724377A1
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polymer
propylhahde
group
groups
ethoxy
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PCT/US1996/007625
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English (en)
Inventor
James A. Schwindeman
Eric J. Granger
John F. Engel
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Fmc Corporation
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Priority to AU58037/96A priority Critical patent/AU5803796A/en
Publication of WO1997024377A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997024377A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F297/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer
    • C08F297/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the anionic type
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F1/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F1/02—Lithium compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
    • C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
    • C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
    • C08F4/46—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides selected from alkali metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L71/00—Compositions of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L71/02—Polyalkylene oxides

Definitions

  • This invention concerns novel anionic initiators for use in polymerizing olefinic-containing monomers, a process for making the anionic initiators, a process for the polymerization of olefinic-containing monomers using the anionic initiators of this invention and polymers produced by this polymerization process.
  • Useful polymeric products are obtained by polymerizing olefinic- containing monomers in the presence of an organo-alkali metal initiator and subsequently reacting the resulting polymer, containing an active alkali metal end group or groups, with a reagent which will couple the polymer molecules or replace the alkali metal with more stable reactive end groups.
  • Monofunctional silyl ether initiators containing alkali metal end groups useful in effecting such polymerization reactions are disclosed in Great Britain published patent application 2,241 ,239, published August 28, 1991. These monofunctional silyl ether initiators were demonstrated to be useful in producing polydienes having desirable characteristics such as a molecular weight of typically 1 ,000 to 10,000, 1 -4 content of typically 90%, etc.
  • the present invention provides a process for the preparation of novel, hydrocarbon solutions of monofunctional ether initiators of the following general structure:
  • M is defined as an alkali metal, preferably lithium
  • Z is a branched or straight chain hydrocarbon tether group which contains 3-25 carbon atoms, optionally containing aryl or substituted aryl groups
  • R 1 R ⁇ and R 3 are independently defined as H, alkyl, substituted alkyl groups containing lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, and lower dialkylamino groups, aryl or substituted aryl groups containing lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, and lower dialkylamino groups, and their employment as initiators in the anionic polymerization of olefin containing monomers in an inert, hydrocarbon solvent, optionally containing a Lewis Base.
  • the process reacts selected protected omega-protected- 1-haloalkyls whose alkyl groups contain 3 to 25 carbon atoms, which are reacted with lithium metal in a liquid alkane, cycloalkane or aryl solvent, at a temperature between about 35° C and about 130° C.
  • the initiator precursor omega-protected 1-haloalkyls (halides) are prepared from the corresponding haloalcohol by the standard literature methods.
  • 3-(1 ,1-dimethylethoxy)-1-chloropropane is synthesized by the reaction of 3-chloro-1 -propanol with 2-methylpropene according to the method of A. Alexakis, M. Gardette, and S. Colin, Tetrahedron Letters, 29, 1988, 2951.
  • triphenylmethoxy-l-chloropropane are prepared by the reaction of the haloalcohol with triphenylmethylchioride, according to the method of S. K. Chaudhary and O. Hernandez, Tetrahedron Letters, 1979, 95.
  • the compound 4-(methoxy)-1-chlorobutane, and the higher analogues are synthesized by the ring opening reaction of tetrahydrofuran with thionyl chloride and methanol, according to the procedure of T. Ferrari and P. Vogel, SYNLETT, 1991 , 233.
  • Monofunctional ether initiators (I) are prepared in accord with the process of this invention and such compounds can include, but are not limited to, 3-(1 ,1-dimethylethoxy)-1 -propyllithium, 5-(1 ,1-dimethylethoxy)-l- pentyllithium, 3-(1 ,1-dimethylethoxy)-2,2-dimethyl-1 -propyllithium, 4-(1 ,1- dimethylethoxy)-1-butyllithium, 6-(1 ,1 -dimethylethoxy)-1-hexyllithium, 8- (1 ,1-dimethylethoxy)-1-octyllithium, 4-(ethoxy)-1-butyllithium, 4-(1- propyloxy)-1 -butyllithium, 4-(1 -methylethoxy)-1 -butyllithium, 3- (triphenylmethoxy)-2,2-dimethyl-1 -propyllithium, 4-(
  • Lithium metal used in preparing the monofunctional ether initiators (I) is used as a dispersion whose particle size usually does not exceed about 300 microns. Preferably the particle size is between 10 and 300 microns although coarser particle size lithium can be used.
  • the lithium metal can contain 0.2 to 0.8 and preferably 0.3 to 0.5 weight percent sodium. The lithium metal is used in amounts of 90% of theoretical to a 40% excess above the theoretical amount necessary to produce the monofunctional ether initiators (I).
  • the preferred reaction temperatures vary from compound to compound, with each compound tending to have its own preferred reaction conditions.
  • the preferred reacton temperature/condition is the reflux temperature of the solvent.
  • the preferred reaction temperature is in the range of 35 to 80° C.
  • Solvents useful in practicing this invention include but are not limited to inert liquid alkanes, cycloalkanes and aryl solvents such as alkanes and cycloalkanes containing five to 10 carbon atoms such as pentane, hexane cyclohexane.methylcyclohexane, heptane, methylcycloheptane, octane, decane and so forth and aryl solvents containing six to ten carbon atoms such as toluene, ethylbenzene, p- xylene, m-xylene, o-xylene, n-propylbenzene, isopropylbenzene, n- butylbenzene.and the like.
  • Advantages of using the compounds containing the protecting groups of this invention comprising the process of producing a lithium initiator and subsequently in using the said initiator to produce polymers containing the said protecting groups as compared to using substituted silyl protecting groups are as follows: 1) cheaper and more readily available raw materials are used in the preparation of initiators, e.g. inexpensive olefins such as isobutylene or isoamylene are reacted with omega halo-alcohol as compared to the use of the more expensive alkyl chlorosilanes, such as tert-butvldimethylchlorosilane or diphenylmethylchlorosilane.
  • the protecting groups of this invention can be removed in as many ways and as simply as any of the substituted silyl protecting groups.
  • a tert-butyl protecting group on a hydroxy terminated polymer can be removed with a) anhydrous triflic acid b) HBr in acetic acid c) HCl in dioxane d) acetic anhydride in ethyl ether ( FeCI3 catalyst ) e) TiCI4 in CH2CI2 ( T.W.
  • the by-product of the deprotection reaction of the tert-butyl protected hydroxypolymer is isobutylene, which is innocuous and does not require removal from the polymer, although it can be removed easily at temperatures above 100 degrees C during deprotection ( see US 4,886, 446).
  • the by-product of the deprotection of an alkylsilyl protected hydroxy polymer is an alkylsiloxane which is a contaminant that may require removal from the polymer.
  • Anionic polymerizations employing the herein described monofunctional ether initiators of this invention are conducted in an inert solvent, preferably a non-polar solvent, optionally containing an ethereal modifier, using an olefinic monomer which is an alkene or a 1 ,3-diene at a temperature of about -30° C to about +100° C.
  • the polymerization reaction proceeds from initiation to propagation and finally termination so that the polymer is mono-functional or dysfunctional terminated.
  • the polymers have molecular weight ranges of about 1000 to 10,000. Typically 5 to 50 milli-moles of initiator is used per mole of monomer.
  • the present invention also provides a process for the anionic polymerization of anionically pollymerizable monomers comprising the steps of: a) initiating polymerization of a conjugated diene hydrocarbon monomer or an alkenylsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon monomer in a hydrocarbon or mixed hydrocarbon-polar solvent medium at a temperature of 10 °C to 70° C with an initiator having the formula:
  • M-Z-OC(R 1 R R 3 ) (II) wherein M is an alkali metal, preferably lithium, Z is a branched or straight chain hydrocarbon tether or connecting group which contains 3-25 carbon atoms, optionally containing aryl or substituted aryl groups; and R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl groups containing lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, and lower dialkylamino groups, aryl or substituted aryl groups containing lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, and lower dialkylamino groups to produce an intermediate polymer of formula Li-(Q)m-Z-OC(R 1 R 2 R 3 ) wherein Q is a unit of polymerized conjugated diene or alkenylsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon and Z, R 1 R 2 and R 3 have the meanings ascribed above, m is the number of units ot the polymerized conjugated diene or alkeny
  • the olefinic monomer to be anionically polymerized by the monofunctional ether initiator is preferably a conjugated diene or an alkenylaromatic hydrocarbon.
  • the conjugated diene or alkenylaromatic compound will be chosen from the group of unsaturated organic compounds that can be polymerized anionically (i.e., in a reaction initiated by an organo- alkali metal).
  • Suitable alkenylaromatics include the optionally-substituted styrenes and vinylnaphthalenes.
  • Alkenylsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbons useful in practicing this invention include but are not limited to styrene, alpha-methylstyrene, vinyltoluene, 1 - vinylnapthalene, 3-methylstyrene, 4-methylstyrene, 1 ,1 -diphenylethylene and the like.
  • Suitable 1 ,3-dienes will preferably contain from 4 to 12, especially from 4 to 8, carbon atoms per molecule.
  • Examples of these compounds include, but are not limited to, the following : 1 ,3-butadiene, isoprene; 2,3-dimethyl-1 ,3-butadiene, 1 ,3-pentadiene, 2-methyl-3-ethyl- 1 ,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-3-ethyl-1 ,3-pentadiene, 1 ,3-hexadiene, 2-methyl- 1 ,3-hexadiene, 1 ,3-heptadiene, 3-methyl-1 ,3-heptadiene, 1 ,3-octadiene, 3-butyl-1 ,3-octadiene, 3,4-dimethyl-1 ,3-hexadiene; 3-n-propyl-1 ,3- pentadiene, 4,5-diethyl-1 ,3-octadiene, 2,4-diethyl-1 ,3-butadiene, 2,3-di-n- propy
  • the alkyl groups contain from 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
  • the above monomers 1 ,3-butadiene, isoprene, 2,3-dimethyl-1 ,3-butadiene and 1 ,3-pentadiene are preferred with 1 ,3-butadiene being particularly preferred.
  • the dienes may be polymerised alone, or in admixture with each other or with alkenylaromatic compounds *o form random copolymers, or by charging the dienes to the reaction mixture sequentially, either with each other or with alkenylaromatic compounds, to form block copolymers.
  • a protected functional living polymer of this invention can be generated by polymerizing 1 ,3-butadiene with an initiator of formula I above, wherein M is lithium, Z is a trimethylene tether or connecting group, and R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are methyl groups.
  • a living polymer is produced having the formula
  • HOCH2CH2-(B)m-(CH2)3-0-C(CH3)3 which may optionally be hydrogenated to the corresponding asymmetric polymer.
  • other asymmetrically difunctional polymers may be produced by reacting the living polymer (III) above with, for example, carbon dioxide to produce, a polymer with one protected hydroxyl and one carboxyl group, or the living polymer III may be reacted with 1 ,5 diazabicyclo-(3.1.0) hexane as described in US 4,753,991 to produce a polymer with one protected hydroxyl and one amino group.
  • asymmetrically substituted monofunctional polymers may be produced having epoxy or isocyanate groups at one end for example by reacting the lithium salt of IV above (before hydrolysis), with epichlorohydrin or, by reacting IV itself with an equivalent of a diisocyanate, such as methylene 4,4-diphenyl diisocyante (2/1 NCO/OH).
  • a diisocyanate such as methylene 4,4-diphenyl diisocyante (2/1 NCO/OH.
  • the protective group of the hydrogenated polymer is removed as well, allowing the exposed hydroxyl grouping in the base polymer molecule to simultaneously participate in the block copolymer reaction.
  • hydrogenated IV polymers may be reacted with bisphenol A and phosgene in the presence of appropriate catalysts with simultaneous deprotection to yield a polycarbonate alternating block copolymer.
  • the resulting products are useful as molding resins, for example, to prepare interior components for automobiles.
  • a segmented polyamide-hydrogenated IV block copolymer also useful as a molding composition to prepare exterior automotive components can be prepared by reacting hydrogenated IV polymer with caprolactam and adipic acid in the presence of a suitable catalyst.
  • a segmented polyester-hydrogenated IV block copolymer can be produced by reaction of hydrogenated IV polymer with dimethyl terephthalate and a suitable acidic catalyst. Again, the products are useful as molding compounds for exterior automotive components.
  • Isocyanate-terminated prepolymers can be produced from hydrogenated IV polymers by reaction with suitable diisocyanates (2/1 NCO/OH) as above which can be further reacted with diols and additional diisocyanates to form segmented polyurethanes useful for water based, low VOC coatings. Or segmented polyurethane prepolymers may be mixed with tackifying resins and used as a moisture-curable sealant, caulk or coating.
  • An acrylate-terminated prepolymer curable by free-radical processes can be prepared from the hydrogenated IV polymer by reaction with a diisocyanate (2NCO/OH) followed by further reaction with hydroxyethyl acrylate in the presence of a basic reagent.
  • the protected monohydroxy terminated polymer (IV) may be reacted with functional comonomers, wihout simultaneously removing the protective group, to produce novel copolymers. These copolymers may be deprotected and then further reacted with the same or different comonomers to form yet other novel copolymers.
  • the hydroxyterminated polymer of formula (IV) may be hydrogenated, and then reacted with ethylene oxide in the presence of potassium tert-butoxide to produce a poly(ethleneoxide)-hydrogenated polybutadiene copolymer with one protected hydroxyl group on the polybutadiene segment. This hydroxyl can then be deprotected and a poly(ethyleneoxide) polymer having different chain lengths grown onto both ends of the polybutadiene segment.
  • the living polymer III may be reacted with an alkenylarylhalosilane such as styrenyldimethylchlorosilane to yield the corresponding omega-styrenylterminated macromonomer according to directions in US5,278,244 which may be further polymerized by a variety of techniques to yield "comb" polymers which, on deprotection and hydrogenation yield branched polymers with hydroxyfunctionality on the branch-ends.
  • Such multi-functionality can be utilized to graft a water- soluble polymer such as polyethylene oxide onto a hydrophobic polyolefinic core to produce hydrogels.
  • Li(B)x(S)y(CH2)3-OC(CH3)3 where B is polymerized butadiene, S is polymerized styrene and x and y can vary from 10 to 1000 or more is reacted with divinylbenzene (DVB) to produce a multi-armed star polymer, according to US4,409,357 which on hydrogenation and deprotection would yield a star with hydroxy-functional branches which may be further reacted with ethylene oxide and potassium alkoxide as described above to produce hydrogels.
  • B polymerized butadiene
  • S polymerized styrene
  • x and y can vary from 10 to 1000 or more is reacted with divinylbenzene (DVB) to produce a multi-armed star polymer, according to US4,409,357 which on hydrogenation and deprotection would yield a star with hydroxy-functional branches which may be further reacted with ethylene oxide and potassium alkoxide as described above to produce hydrogels.
  • the hydrogenated hydroxyterminated branches of the star polymer may be further reacted with acryloyl chloride or methacryloyl chloride, and the resultant acrylate or methacrylate-terminated polymer further polymerized with monomers selected from the group of alkyl acrylates, alkyl methacrylates, and dialkylacrylainides to produce hydrogels.
  • Star polymers are useful as viscosity index improver for motor oils.
  • the resultant lithium dispersion was dried in a stream of argon, weighed (4.07 grams, 0.586 mole, 2.80 equivalents), and transferred to the reaction flask with 150 ml of cyclohexane.
  • the reaction mixture was stirred at 450 RPMs, and heated to 70° C with a heating mantle. The heat source was removed.
  • 1- Chloro-3-(1 ,1-dimethylethoxy)-propane, 31.52 grams, (0.209 mole, 1.00 equivalent, lot 8864) was added dropwise via the addition funnel. An exotherm was detected after 5.5% of the halide feed had been added.
  • a dry ice/hexane cooling bath was applied as needed to maintain the reaction temperature between 60-65° C.
  • the total halide feed time was fifty-two minutes.
  • the cooling bath was removed at the end of the halide feed.
  • the reaction temperature fell off rapidly to room temperature.
  • the reaction mixture was stirred for one hour at 450 RPMs, and two and one half hours at 300 RPMs.
  • the reaction mixture was transferred with argon pressure to a dry sintered glass pressure filter.
  • the product solution was pressure filtered with 3 psi (20.68 x 10 3 Pa) argon.
  • the lithium chloride muds were reslurried with fresh cyclohexane (2 X 50 ml.).
  • Total Base 3.85 wt. %.
  • the total yield was 47.6 %.
  • the resultant lithium dispersion was dried in a stream of argon, weighed (4.40 grams, 0.634 mole, 2.80 equivalents), and transferred to the reaction flask with 200 ml of cyclohexane.
  • the reaction mixture was stirred at 450 RPMs, and heated to 65° C with a heating mantle. The heat source was removed.
  • 1- Chloro-3-(1 , 1 -dimethylethoxy)-2,2-dimethyl-propane, 40.42 grams, (0.226 mole, 1.00 equivalent, lot 8913) was added dropwise via the addition funnel. An exotherm was detected after 12.8% of the halide feed had been added.
  • a dry ice/hexane cooling bath was applied as needed to maintain the reaction temperature between 60-65° C.
  • the total halide feed time was one hour.
  • the cooling bath was removed at the end of the halide feed.
  • the reaction temperature fell off rapidly to room temperature.
  • the reaction mixture was stirred for eighty minutes at 450 RPMs.
  • the reaction mixture was then transferred with argon pressure to a dry sintered glass pressure filter.
  • the product solution was pressure filtered with 3 psi (20.68 x 10 3 Pa) argon.
  • the lithium chloride muds were reslurried with fresh cyclohexane (2 X 40 ml.).
  • a one liter, three-necked, Morton flask was fitted with a mechanical stirrer, a 125 ml pressure-equalizing addition funnel, and a Claisen adapter equipped with a thermocouple, a dry ice condenser, and an argon inlet.
  • This apparatus was dried in an oven overnight at 125° C, assembled hot, and allowed to cool to room temperature in a stream of argon.
  • Lithium metal dispersion, lot 8899, 0.43% sodium, was washed free of mineral oil with hexane (2 X 100 ml), and pentane (1 X 100 ml).
  • the resultant lithium dispersion was dried in a stream of argon, weighed (6.35 grams, 0.915 mole, 3.67 equivalents), and transferred to the reaction flask with 180 ml of cyclohexane.
  • the reaction mixture was stirred at 450 RPMs, and heated to 65° C with a heating mantle. The heat source was removed.
  • 1- Chloro-3-(1 ,1-dimethylpropyloxy)-propane, 41.00 grams, (0.249 mole, 1.00 equivalent, lot 9118, 9134) was added dropwise via the addition funnel. An exotherm was detected after 13% of the feed had been added.
  • a dry ice/hexane cooling bath was applied as needed to maintain the reaction temperature between 60-65° C.
  • the total halide feed time was sixty-five minutes.
  • the cooling bath was removed at the end of the halide feed.
  • the reaction temperature fell off gradually to room temperature.
  • the reaction mixture was stirred for one hour at 450 RPMs, and one hour at 300 RPMs.
  • the reaction mixture was transferred with argon pressure to a dry sintered glass pressure filter.
  • the product solution was pressure filtered with 3 psi (20.68 x 10 3 Pa) argon.
  • the lithium chloride muds were reslurried with fresh cyclohexane (2 X 50 ml.).
  • Total Base 6.32 wt. %.
  • Active C-Li 5.01 wt.
  • a one liter, three-necked, Morton flask was fitted with a mechanical stirrer, a 125 ml pressure-equalizing addition funnel, and a Claisen adapter equipped with a thermocouple, a dry ice condenser, and an argon inlet.
  • This apparatus was dried in an oven overnight at 125° C, assembled hot, and allowed to cool to room temperature in a stream of argon.
  • Lithium metal dispersion, lot 8899, 0.43% sodium, was washed free of mineral oil with hexane (2 X 100 ml), and pentane (1 X 100 ml).
  • the resultant lithium dispersion was dried in a stream of argon, weighed (3.33 grams, 0.480 mole, 2.86 equivalents), and transferred to the reaction flask with 150 ml of cyclohexane.
  • the reaction mixture was stirred at 450 RPMs, and heated to 65° C with a heating mantle. The heat source was removed.
  • 1- Chloro-3-(1 ,1 -dimethylpropyloxy)-2,2-dimethyl-propane, 33.00 grams, (0.168 mole, 1.00 equivalent, lot 9152) was added dropwise via the addition funnel. An exotherm was detected after 22% of the halide feed had been added.
  • a dry ice/hexane cooling bath was applied as needed to maintain the reaction temperature between 60-65° C.
  • the total halide feed time was fifty-three minutes.
  • the cooling bath was removed at the end of the halide feed.
  • the reaction temperature fell off gradually to room temperature.
  • the reaction mixture was stirred for forty-five minutes at 450 RPMs, and seventy-five minutes at 300 RPMs.
  • the reaction mixture was transferred with argon pressure to a dry sintered glass pressure filter.
  • the product solution was pressure filtered with 3 psi (20.68 x 10*3 Pa) argon.
  • the lithium chloride muds were reslurried with fresh cyclohexane (2 X 50 ml.).
  • the resultant lithium dispersion was dried in a stream of argon, weighed (7.25 grams, 1.045 mole, 2.80 equivalents), and transferred to the reaction flask with 200 ml of cyclohexane.
  • the reaction mixture was stirred at 450 RPMs, and heated to 72.6° C with a heating mantle. The heat source was removed.
  • 1 -Chloro-4-methoxy-butane, 45.70 grams, (0.373 mole, 1.00 equivalent, lot 8663) was added dropwise via the addition funnel. An exotherm was detected after 7.8% of the feed had been added. Hexane/dry ice cooling was applied to maintain the reaction temperature at 60-65° C. The total halide feed time was sixty-five minutes.
  • the cooling bath was removed at the end of the halide feed.
  • the reaction temperature fell off rapidly to room temperature.
  • the reaction mixture was stirred for one hour at 450 RPMs.
  • the reaction mixture was then transferred with argon pressure to a dry sintered glass pressure filter.
  • the product solution was pressure filtered with ⁇ psi (20.68 x 10 3 Pa) argon.
  • the lithium chloride muds were reslurried with fresh cyclohexane (2 X 40 ml.).
  • Total Base 12.4 wt. %.
  • Lithium metal dispersion lot 8899, 0.43% sodium, was washed free of mineral oil with hexane (2 X 70 ml), and pentane (1 X 70 ml).
  • the resultant lithium dispersion was dried in a stream of argon, weighed (6.35 grams, 0.915 mole, 2.80 equivalents), and transferred to the reaction flask with 200 ml of cyclohexane.
  • the reaction mixture was stirred at 450 RPMs, and heated to 68° C with a heating mantle. The heat source was removed.
  • 1-Chloro-3-methoxy-butane 40.03 grams, (0.327 mole, 1.00 equivalent, lot 8914) was added dropwise via the addition funnel.
  • EXAMPLE 7 PREPARATION OF 4-(2-BUTOXY)-1 -BUTYLLITHIUM IN CYCLOHEXANE, LOT 8956
  • a 500 ml., three-necked, Morton flask was fitted with a mechanical stirrer, a 125 ml pressure-equalizing addition funnel, and a Claisen adapter equipped with a thermocouple, a dry ice condenser, and an argon inlet. This apparatus was dried in an oven overnight at 125° C, assembled hot, and allowed to cool to room temperature in a stream of argon.
  • Lithium metal dispersion lot 8899, 0.43% sodium, was washed free of mineral oil with hexane (2 X 100 ml), and pentane (1 X 100 ml). The resultant lithium dispersion was dried in a stream of argon, weighed (6.70 grams, 0.965 mole, 2.80 equivalents), and transferred to the reaction flask with 250 ml of cyclohexane. The reaction mixture was stirred at 450
  • the product solution was pressure filtered with 3 psi (20.68 x 10 3 Pa) argon.
  • the lithium chloride muds were reslurried with fresh cyclohexane (1 X 75 ml., 1 X 50 ml.).
  • Total Base 12.1 wt. %.
  • the resultant lithium dispersion was dried in a stream of argon, weighed (6.00 grams, 0.864 mole, 2.80 equivalents), and transferred to the reaction flask with 250 ml of cyclohexane.
  • the reaction mixture was stirred at 450 RPMs, and heated to 80° C with a heating mantle. The heat source was removed.
  • 1- Chloro-4-(1-methylethoxy)-butane, 46.47 grams, (0.309 mole, 1.00 equivalent, lot 8960) was added dropwise via the addition funnel. An exotherm was detected after 22.9 % of the halide feed had been added.
  • a dry ice/hexane cooling bath was applied as needed to maintain the reaction temperature between 60-65° C.
  • the total halide feed time was forty-five minutes.
  • the cooling bath was removed at the end of the halide feed.
  • the reaction temperature fell off rapidly to room temperature.
  • the reaction mixture was stirred for ninety minutes at 450 RPMs, then for two hours at 300 RPMs.
  • the reaction mixture was then transferred with argon pressure to a dry sintered glass pressure filter.
  • the product solution was pressure filtered with 3 psi (20.68 x 10 3 Pa) argon.
  • the lithium chloride muds were reslurried with fresh cyclohexane (2 X 25 ml.).
  • Total Base 12.3 wt. %.
  • a one liter, three-necked, round-bottom flask was fitted with a mechanical stirrer, a septum and a Claisen adapter equipped with a thermocouple, dry ice condenser, and an argon inlet.
  • This apparatus was dried in an oven overnight at 125° C, assembled hot, and allowed to cool to room temperature in a stream of argon.
  • the flask was charged with cyclohexane, 310.70 grams, and isoprene, 40.00 grams (0.587 mole).
  • the reaction mixture was at 20.0° C.
  • 4-Methoxy-1 -butyllithium, 16.74 grams of 11.4 wt.% solution (0.020 mole, Lot 8915) was then added with a syringe.
  • a two liter, three-necked round bottom flask was fitted with a mechanical stirrer, a gas inlet tube, and a Claisen adapter equipped with a dry ice condenser, and a thermocouple. This apparatus was dried in an oven overnight at 125° C, assembled hot, and allowed to cool to room temperature in a stream of argon.
  • the flask was charged with 141.81 grams (1.50 moles, 1.00 equivalent) of 3-chloro-1 -propanol and 500 ml. of cyclohexane.
  • the resultant two-phase solution was stirred at 400 RPMs. Amberlyst 15 resin catalyst, 35 grams, was added, followed by an additional 250 ml. of cyclohexane.
  • a one liter, three-necked round bottom flask was fitted with a mechanical stirrer, a gas inlet tube, and a Claisen adapter equipped with a dry ice condenser, and a thermocouple. This apparatus was dried in an oven overnight at 125° C, assembled hot, and allowed to cool to room temperature in a stream of argon.
  • the flask was charged with 91.95 grams (0.75 moles, 1.00 equivalent) of 3-chloro-2,2-dimethyl-1 -propanol and 200 ml. of cyclohexane.
  • the resultant one-phase solution was stirred at 400 RPMs. Amberlyst 15 resin catalyst, 15 grams, was added, followed by an additional 50 ml.
  • GC assay 2.98 % cyclohexane, 16.79 % 3-chloro-2,2-dimethyl-1 - propanol, 78.06 % desired product, and 1.17 % unknowns.
  • reaction mixture was stirred at 20-25° C, and periodically monitored by gas chromatography (GC) for the disappearance of 3-chloro-1 -propanol. After forty-eight hours stirring, all the starting material had been consumed, and the reaction mixture was a single phase.
  • GC gas chromatography
  • the reaction mixture was diluted with pentane (100 ml.) and water (100 ml.) and transferred to a separatory funnel. The aqueous layer was discarded. The organic layer was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (2 X 50 ml.), water (1 X 50 ml.), and filter-dried over magnesium sulfate.
  • a 500 ml., three-necked round bottom flask was fitted with a reflux condenser, a thermocouple, a septum inlet, a magnetic stir bar, and an argon inlet.
  • the flask was charged with 3-chloro-2,2-dimethyl-1 -propanol, 122.60 grams (1.00 mole, 1.00 equivalents), pentane (50 ml.), and 2- methyl-2-butene, 70.66 grams (1.01 mole, 1.01 equivalents). This afforded a two phase solution.
  • the reaction mixture was maintained at 20-25° C with a water cooling bath.
  • a one liter, three-necked round bottom flask was equipped with a reflux condenser, a teflon clad thermocouple, a 225 ml. pressure-equalizing addition funnel, a large egg-shaped magnetic stir bar, and a gas outlet vented to a caustic scrubber.
  • This apparatus was dried in an oven overnight at 125° C, assembled hot, and allowed to cool to room temperature in a stream of argon.
  • the flask was charged with methanol, 80.10 grams (2.50 moles, 1.00 equivalent) and tetrahydrofuran, 180.28 grams (2.50 moles, 1.00 equivalent).
  • the reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C with a methanol/ice bath, then 356.91 grams (3.00 moles, 1.20 equivalents) of thionyl chloride was added dropwise via the addition funnel. There was an immediate exotherm, and a release of acidic fumes. The temperature was held below 15° C by adjustment of the feed rate. The total thionyl chloride feed time was two and a third hours. The cooling bath was removed at the end of the feed. The reaction mixture was clear and colorless. The reaction mixture was heated to reflux for three hours, at which time the temperature was 120° C, then the reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature.
  • a 500 ml., three-necked round bottom flask was equipped with a reflux condenser, a teflon clad thermocouple, a 125 ml. pressure-equalizing addition funnel, a large egg-shaped magnetic stir bar, and a gas outlet vented to a caustic scrubber.
  • This apparatus was dried in an oven overnight at 125° C, assembled hot, and allowed to cool to room temperature in a stream of argon.
  • the flask was charged with thionyl chloride, 124.92 grams (1.05 moles, 1.05 equivalents).
  • 3-Methoxy-1- butanol, 104.15 grams (1.00 mole, 1.00 equivalent) was added dropwise via the addition funnel.
  • a one liter, three-necked round bottom flask was equipped with a reflux condenser, a teflon clad thermocouple, a 250 ml. pressure-equalizing addition funnel, a large egg-shaped magnetic stir bar, and a gas outlet vented to a caustic scrubber.
  • This apparatus was dried in an oven overnight at 125° C, assembled hot. and allowed to cool to room temperature in a stream of argon.
  • the flask was charged with 2-butanol, 185.30 grams (2.50 moles, 1.00 equivalent) and tetrahydrofuran, 180.28 grams (2.50 moles, 1.00 equivalent).
  • the reaction mixture was cooled to - 15°C, then 356.91 grams (3.00 moles, 1.20 equivalents) of thionyl chloride was added dropwise via the addition funnel. There was an immediate exotherm, and a release of acidic fumes. The temperature was held below 10° C by adjustment of the feed rate. The total thionyl chloride feed time was two and a quarter hours. The cooling bath was removed at the end of the feed. The reaction mixture was heated to reflux (95° C) for six hours, then let cool to room temperature. An aliquot was withdrawn, diluted with pentane, washed with water and saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, then analyzed by gas chromatography (30 m. X 0.54 mm AT-1 column).
  • GC assay 96.0 % desired product, and 4.0 % unknowns.
  • a one liter, three-necked round bottom flask was equipped with a reflux condenser, a teflon clad thermocouple, a 250 ml. pressure-equalizing addition funnel, a large egg-shaped magnetic stir bar, and a gas outlet vented to a caustic scrubber.
  • This apparatus was dried in an oven overnight at 125°C, assembled hot, and allowed to cool to room temperature in a stream of argon.
  • the flask was charged with 2-propanol, 150.25 grams (2.50 moles, 1.00 equivalent) and tetrahydrofuran, 180.28 grams (2.50 moles, 1.00 equivalent).
  • the reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C, then 356.91 grams (3.00 moles, 1.20 equivalents) of thionyl chloride was added dropwise via the addition funnel. There was an immediate exotherm, and a release of acidic fumes. The temperature was held below 15°C by adjustment of the feed rate. The total thionyl chloride feed time was two and a half hours. The cooling bath was removed at the end of the feed. The reaction mixture was heated to reflux (119°C) for five hours, after which time all gas evolution had ceased, then let cool to room temperature. The orange reaction mixture was transferred to a one liter separatory funnel, and diluted with pentane (300 ml.).

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de préparation de solutions hydrocarburées, d'initiateurs du type éther monofonctionnel de la structure générale M-Z-O-C(R1R2R3), où M est un métal alcalin; Z est un hydrocarbure à chaîne ramifiée ou droite contenant 3-25 atomes de carbone, portant éventuellement des groupes aryle ou aryle substitués; et R?1, R2 et R3¿ sont choisis, d'une manière indépendante, parmi l'hydrogène, alkyle, alkyle substitué contenant acoxy inférieur, alkylthio inférieur et dialkylamino inférieur, aryle ou aryle substitué contenant alcoxy inférieur, alkylthio inférieur et dialkylamino inférieur et leur utilisation comme initiateurs dans la polymérisation anionique de monomères oléfiniques dans un solvant hydrocarburé inerte. Le procédé consiste à faire réagir un 1-haloalkyle à protection oméga avec une dispersion de lithium ayant une granulométrie comprise entre 10 et 300 millimicrons, à une température comprise entre 35 °C et 130 °C dans un solvant alcane contenant de 5 à 10 atomes de carbone.
PCT/US1996/007625 1995-12-29 1996-05-24 Initiateurs fonctionnalises, pour polymerisation anionique WO1997024377A1 (fr)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001070832A2 (fr) * 2000-03-20 2001-09-27 Fmc Corporation Macromonomeres presentant la fonction d'olefine terminal

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3719730A (en) * 1966-12-15 1973-03-06 Nat Distillers Chem Corp Modification of alfin polymers and product
US3862100A (en) * 1972-12-13 1975-01-21 Firestone Tire & Rubber Co Alkali metal aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon acetals and ketals and their use as polymerization initiators, etc.
US4753991A (en) * 1985-08-03 1988-06-28 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Polymers containing amino groups, and their preparation

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3719730A (en) * 1966-12-15 1973-03-06 Nat Distillers Chem Corp Modification of alfin polymers and product
US3862100A (en) * 1972-12-13 1975-01-21 Firestone Tire & Rubber Co Alkali metal aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon acetals and ketals and their use as polymerization initiators, etc.
US4753991A (en) * 1985-08-03 1988-06-28 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Polymers containing amino groups, and their preparation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
TETRAHEDRON, Volume 41, No. 24, issued 1985, GARDETTE et al., "Carbocupration of Alkynes by Organocopper Reagents Bearing a Protected Hydroxy or Thiol Function", pages 5887-5899. *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001070832A2 (fr) * 2000-03-20 2001-09-27 Fmc Corporation Macromonomeres presentant la fonction d'olefine terminal
WO2001070832A3 (fr) * 2000-03-20 2002-04-04 Fmc Corp Macromonomeres presentant la fonction d'olefine terminal

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AU5803796A (en) 1997-07-28

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