WO1997024155A1 - Electrode dispersives se presentant sous la forme d'une pile d'articles similaires - Google Patents
Electrode dispersives se presentant sous la forme d'une pile d'articles similaires Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997024155A1 WO1997024155A1 PCT/US1996/005633 US9605633W WO9724155A1 WO 1997024155 A1 WO1997024155 A1 WO 1997024155A1 US 9605633 W US9605633 W US 9605633W WO 9724155 A1 WO9724155 A1 WO 9724155A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- stack
- ofthe
- backing
- electrodes
- field
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006378 biaxially oriented polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011127 biaxially oriented polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009459 flexible packaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010816 packaging waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002646 transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/02—Details
- A61N1/04—Electrodes
- A61N1/0404—Electrodes for external use
- A61N1/0472—Structure-related aspects
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
- A61B5/251—Means for maintaining electrode contact with the body
- A61B5/257—Means for maintaining electrode contact with the body using adhesive means, e.g. adhesive pads or tapes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/02—Details
- A61N1/04—Electrodes
- A61N1/0404—Electrodes for external use
- A61N1/0472—Structure-related aspects
- A61N1/0492—Patch electrodes
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to medical electrodes, and more particularly to dispersive electrodes which minimize packaging waste.
- a dispersive electrode performs this task by providing a large surface area through which the current can pass; the same current which was at cutting intensity when focused at the small surface area at the tip ofthe pencil is harmless when spread out over the large surface area ofthe dispersive electrode.
- Many popular dispersive electrodes also use a soft, water-bearing conductive adhesive to facilitate the transfer of current at the interface between the dispersive electrode and the body. For these reasons, the problems of packaging dispersive electrodes are particularly acute: these electrodes have a large surface area, and they are water-containing and must be protected by their packaging from dry-out. It is clear that the art requires a way to provide dispersive electrodes which minimizes the volume of packaging material required.
- the present invention solves the problems discussed above by providing dispersive electrodes as a stack of like articles.
- a stack of multiple electrodes can be packaged using only slightly more packaging material than is used for each electrode now.
- a stack can be unwrapped from its packaging material and individual electrodes can thereafter be peeled off the top ofthe stack and used whenever needed.
- the electrodes are designed with configurations and materials which minimize the dry-out of their conductive adhesive while they wait unwrapped in the surgical suite before use.
- the invention provides a stack of at least two electrodes, each electrode having a backing, a conductive layer contacting that backing, and a field of conductive adhesive contacting the conductive layer.
- the side ofthe backing opposite the side contacting the conductive layer on at least one ofthe electrodes has release properties relative to the field of conductive adhesive ofthe electrode above it in the stack. This can either be because the backing has been coated or laminated with a release layer, or because the material chosen for the backing has release properties relative to the conductive adhesive as a natural property.
- the conductive layer has the property of resisting the passage of water vapor. This retards the drying out ofthe field of conductive adhesive directly below it.
- the backing may in other embodiments be convenient for the backing to have the property of resisting the passage of water vapor.
- the field of conductive adhesive on the electrode on the bottom ofthe stack contacts a disposable release liner to protect the conductive adhesive. It is most convenient if that release liner also resists the passage of water vapor.
- a field of hydrophobic, skin- compatible adhesive is coated on the backing surrounding the conductive adhesive. This helps to hold the electrode in firm contact with the body ofthe patient, and also retards the loss of water through the edge ofthe field of conductive adhesive.
- the invention provides a method of preparing a plurality of electrodes for shipping and handling prior to use, comprising the step of providing a stack ofthe plurality of electrodes, each electrode comprising a backing; a conductive layer adjacent to the backing; and a field of conductive adhesive adjacent to the conductive layer, the field of conductive adhesive on one ofthe electrodes being releasably adhered to the backing ofthe electrode below it in the stack.
- Presently preferred embodiments ofthe method have the further step of adhering a release liner to the field of conductive adhesive ofthe bottom electrode in the stack.
- Other preferred embodiments have the further step of sealing the entire stack of electrodes within a package.
- Figure 1 is a perspective view of a stack of electrodes according to one presently preferred embodiment ofthe present invention
- Figure 2 is a bottom view of one ofthe electrodes from the stack of electrodes of Figure 1 .
- FIG. 3 is a side cross-section view ofthe stack of Figure 1.
- DETAILED DESCRIPTION Referring now to Figure 1, a perspective view of a stack of electrodes 10 according to one presently preferred embodiment ofthe present is illustrated.
- the stack of electrodes 10 in this view includes four individual electrodes 12 which are releasably adhered together as will be described with more particularity below.
- the stack 10 is conveniently provided with a release liner 14 adhered to the bottom electrode 12 in the stack 10.
- the topmost electrode 12 in the stack 10 has backing 16. Extending from under backing 16 are tabs 18 and 20, which extend from conductive layers 22 and 24, the outlines of which are seen through the conformable backing 16 These tabs serve to connect the electrodes 12 to e.g. an electrosurgical generator.
- a tab support 26 is conveniently present to provide additional physical support for Ihe tabs 18 and 20 of conductive layers 22 and 24.
- FIG 2 a bottom view of one ofthe electrodes 12 of Figure 1 , seen in isolation, is illustrated It is more readily seen in this view how the conductive layers 22 and 24 are provided side-by-side.
- the conductive layer of a dispersive electrode can be made of a single piece, but that it is frequently convenient to provide the conductive layer as two adjacent sections as shown in Figure 2
- This arrangement is cooperative with circuitry in many conventional electrosurgical generators which monitor the quality ofthe electrical contact between the electrode 12 and the body ofthe patient. This monitoring typically involves analysing the impedance to a test current though the body ofthe patient between the two conduction layers 22 and 24
- One such monitoring system is known as "REM"-type, for "Return Electrode Monitoring”.
- Two fields 28 and 30 of conductive adhesive are coated on top of the conductive layers 22 and 24 and serve to transfer the current from electrosurgical procedures from the body ofthe patient.
- Many compositions suitable for use for the two fields 28 and 30 of conductive adhesive are transparent, or at least translucent, and have been depicted that way for convenience in providing an explanatory drawing.
- a layer of skin adhesive 32 is coated on backing 16 in order to adhere the conductive layers 22 and 24 to the backing, and to help adhere the electrode 12 to the skin during use
- Many compositions suitable for use for the skin adhesive 32 are transparent, or at least translucent, and have been depicted that way for convenience in providing an explanatory drawing
- FIG. 3 a cross-sectional view of stack 10, taken along section lines 3-3 in Figure 1, is illustrated
- Four similar electrodes 12a - 12d are stacked, one on the other, resting on the release liner 14
- Like materials in each ofthe four electrodes 12a - 12b are cross-hatched similarly for clarity in this Figure
- An optional release layer 34 (labeled 34a - 34d, respectively) is depicted as being laminated to the upper surface of each backing 16
- release layer 34 can be coated or adhered to backing 16
- a separate release layer may be rendered unnecessary if the material chosen for the backing has as a natural property release characteristics relative to the conductive adhesive
- Backing Backing 12 can be electrically insulative, and preferably is very conformable to the human body Many material may be used for this purpose, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art In one presently preferred embodiment, a closed-cell foam is considered particularly suitable, one such material is commercially available as Volara foam from Voltek, Inc of Massachusetts The backing has a thickness ranging from about 0 75 mm (0 03 inch) to about 1 5 mm (0 06 inch), and preferably 1 0 mm (0 04 inch)
- the conductive layer 22 and 24 ofthe electrode 12 is conveniently made from thin aluminum laminated to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the PET film is conveniently approximately 0 05 mm (0 002 inch) thick, and the aluminum layer conveniently ranges in thickness between about 0 0075 mm (0 0003 inch) to about 0 025 mm (0 001 inch) and preferably 0 012 mm (0 0005 inch)
- the conductive layer is conveniently formed from an electrically non-conductive sheet of plastic coated with silver/silver chloride on the surface adjacent the conductive adhesive Such a coating is conveniently accomplished by use of a silver/silver chloride ink, one suitable ink is commercially available as R-301 from Ercon of Waltham, MA.
- the conductive layer can be constructed from materials disclosed in PCT publications WO 94/26950 and WO 95/20350 As a further alternative, the conductive layer can
- Nonlimiting examples of conductive adhesives useful in connection with the present invention include those compositions disclosed in U S Patent Nos 4,524,087 (Engel), 4,539,996 (Engel), 4,848,353 (Engel), 5,225,473 (Duan), 5,276,079 (Duan et al), 5,338,490 (Dietz et al), 5,362,420 (Itoh et al), 5,385,679 (Uy et al), 5,133,356 (Bryan et al), copending and coassigned applications PCT Publication Nos WO 95/20634 and WO 94/12585, and PCT Patent Application Serial Nos US95/17079 (Docket No 51537PCT6A), US95/16993 (Docket No 51290PCT8A), and US95/16996 (Docket No 48381PCT1A)
- Release liner 14 can be any construction suitable for protecting the conductive adhesive and/or the skin adhesive on electrode 12 at the bottom ofthe stack 10
- One suitable liner is a 0 05 mm (0 002 inch) thick sheet of biaxially oriented polypropylene liner, commercially available as Daubert 1-2 BOPPL-164Z from Daubert Co of Dixon, IL Package
- a paper/polyethylene/aluminum foil/low density polyethylene laminate adapted to be heat sealed to itself along the margins, has been found to be suitable for the pu ⁇ ose.
- the product commercially available from Cooper Flexible Packaging, Inc of Bensenville, IL is considered particularly suitable
- Nonlimiting examples of skin adhesives 32 useful in connection with the present invention include acrylate ester adhesives, and more particularly acrylate ester copolymer adhesives Such adhesives are generally described in U S Patent Nos 2,973,826, Re 24,906, Re 33,353, 3,389,827, 4, 1 12,213, 4,310,509, 4,323,557, 4,732,808, 4,917,928, 4,917,929, and European Patent Publication 0 051 935
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention a trait à une pile (10) constituée d'au moins deux électrodes (12), comportant chacune un renforcement (16), une couche conductrice (22) en contact avec celui-ci et une zone d'adhésif conducteur (28) en contact avec cette dernière (22). Le coté du renforcement (16) opposé à celui qui est en contact avec la couche conductrice (22) est doté d'une aptitude au décollage (34) relativement à la zone d'adhésif conducteur (28) de l'électrode (12) se trouvant en haut de la pile. La couche conductrice (22) et/ou le renforcement (16) a la propriété de résister au passage de la vapeur d'eau afin de retarder le dessèchement de la zone et de l'adhésif conducteur (28) situé immédiatement au-dessous. Il est possible d'entourer d'une zone de pellicule adhésive (32), en vue d'un meilleur résultat, l'adhésif conducteur (28). Un revêtement constituant un agent de décollage (14) peut former de manière commode le fond de la pile (10) d'électrodes (12). Cet agencement d'électrodes (12) sous forme de pile (10) permet d'empaqueter la totalité de la pile (10) avec à peine un peu plus de matériau d'emballage que celui qui est nécessaire, habituellement, pour empaqueter chaque électrode (12) séparément, mais permet de conserver les électrodes de façon pratique et de les distribuer dans une installation de chirurgie.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU55679/96A AU5567996A (en) | 1995-12-29 | 1996-04-22 | Dispersive electrodes provided as a stack of like articles |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US58127695A | 1995-12-29 | 1995-12-29 | |
US08/581,276 | 1995-12-29 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1997024155A1 true WO1997024155A1 (fr) | 1997-07-10 |
Family
ID=24324553
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1996/005633 WO1997024155A1 (fr) | 1995-12-29 | 1996-04-22 | Electrode dispersives se presentant sous la forme d'une pile d'articles similaires |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU5567996A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1997024155A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009077132A2 (fr) * | 2007-12-14 | 2009-06-25 | Erbe Elektromedizin Gmbh | Identification d'électrodes neutres |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2287202A1 (fr) * | 1974-10-07 | 1976-05-07 | Baxter Laboratories Inc | Ensemble d'electrodes de diagnostic a usage unique |
CA1269417A (fr) * | 1985-08-14 | 1990-05-22 | Graphic Controls Canada Limited | Electrode a tampon hexagonal avec ouverture pour agrafe |
WO1994026950A1 (fr) * | 1993-05-14 | 1994-11-24 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Films metalliques et articles comprenant ces derniers |
-
1996
- 1996-04-22 WO PCT/US1996/005633 patent/WO1997024155A1/fr active Application Filing
- 1996-04-22 AU AU55679/96A patent/AU5567996A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2287202A1 (fr) * | 1974-10-07 | 1976-05-07 | Baxter Laboratories Inc | Ensemble d'electrodes de diagnostic a usage unique |
CA1269417A (fr) * | 1985-08-14 | 1990-05-22 | Graphic Controls Canada Limited | Electrode a tampon hexagonal avec ouverture pour agrafe |
WO1994026950A1 (fr) * | 1993-05-14 | 1994-11-24 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Films metalliques et articles comprenant ces derniers |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009077132A2 (fr) * | 2007-12-14 | 2009-06-25 | Erbe Elektromedizin Gmbh | Identification d'électrodes neutres |
WO2009077132A3 (fr) * | 2007-12-14 | 2010-03-18 | Erbe Elektromedizin Gmbh | Identification d'électrodes neutres |
CN101896132A (zh) * | 2007-12-14 | 2010-11-24 | 爱尔伯电子医疗设备公司 | 中性电极识别器 |
JP2011505930A (ja) * | 2007-12-14 | 2011-03-03 | エルベ エレクトロメディツィン ゲーエムベーハー | 中性電極検出法 |
US8790336B2 (en) | 2007-12-14 | 2014-07-29 | Erbe Elektromedizin Gmbh | Neutral electrode detection |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU5567996A (en) | 1997-07-28 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US5827184A (en) | Self-packaging bioelectrodes | |
EP0957989B1 (fr) | Electrode adhesive biomedicale et procedure pour l'utilisage | |
US6115638A (en) | Medical electrode with conductive release liner | |
US5797902A (en) | Biomedical electrode providing early detection of accidental detachment | |
EP0254965B1 (fr) | Dispositif d'administration percutanée de médicaments à source programmable à courant constant | |
EP0891206B1 (fr) | Electrode biomedicale avec proprietes dielectriques a pertes | |
CA2134450C (fr) | Dispositif de traitement ionophoretique et methode pour l'hydratation des produits qu'il contient | |
US4384582A (en) | Patient plate for diathermy apparatus, and diathermy apparatus fitted with it | |
CA1301852C (fr) | Electrode a usage medical muni d'un conducteur reutilisable | |
US4422461A (en) | Electrode | |
WO2003082095A1 (fr) | Electrode sans fil comprenant une pile a alimentation en energie actionnable | |
CA2062857A1 (fr) | Electrode biomedicale, a languette centree | |
EP0337667B1 (fr) | Electrode biomédicale plane et conformable permettant le retrait du fil électrique conducteur | |
AU2005258099B2 (en) | Packaging for medical pads and electrodes | |
WO1997024155A1 (fr) | Electrode dispersives se presentant sous la forme d'une pile d'articles similaires | |
WO2001017423A2 (fr) | Electrode biomedicale a bande adhesive conductrice d'ions | |
WO1998002088A1 (fr) | Electrode biomedicale | |
CA2247268C (fr) | Electrode biomedicale avec proprietes dielectriques a pertes | |
CN115300124A (zh) | 一种截骨挡板 | |
WO1998029031A1 (fr) | Systeme de connexion partiellement sterile d'electrodes biomedicales |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AM AT AU AZ BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CZ DE DK EE ES FI GB GE HU IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LK LR LS LT LU LV MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK TJ TM TR TT UA UG UZ VN AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): KE LS MW SD SZ UG AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN ML |
|
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
WA | Withdrawal of international application | ||
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: 8642 |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |