WO1997022096A1 - Systeme et procede iteratifs et cadences de formation a la prise de decision - Google Patents

Systeme et procede iteratifs et cadences de formation a la prise de decision Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997022096A1
WO1997022096A1 PCT/US1996/019664 US9619664W WO9722096A1 WO 1997022096 A1 WO1997022096 A1 WO 1997022096A1 US 9619664 W US9619664 W US 9619664W WO 9722096 A1 WO9722096 A1 WO 9722096A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lumber
events
dataset
series
grader
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1996/019664
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Richard M. Brown
Douglas F. Taylor
Original Assignee
Advanced Control Technology, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Advanced Control Technology, Inc. filed Critical Advanced Control Technology, Inc.
Priority to AU12854/97A priority Critical patent/AU1285497A/en
Publication of WO1997022096A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997022096A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B5/00—Electrically-operated educational appliances
    • G09B5/06—Electrically-operated educational appliances with both visual and audible presentation of the material to be studied
    • G09B5/065—Combinations of audio and video presentations, e.g. videotapes, videodiscs, television systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/04—Sorting according to size
    • B07C5/12—Sorting according to size characterised by the application to particular articles, not otherwise provided for
    • B07C5/14—Sorting timber or logs, e.g. tree trunks, beams, planks or the like
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B9/00—Simulators for teaching or training purposes

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to training systems and methods. More particularly, this invention relates to educational and/or vocational training systems and methods for improving the paced iterative decision-making ability of person who is required to make quick assessments of changing events. Although the invention has broad utility, it has proven especially well suited for use in the context of a lumber grading sorting training system and method
  • a training system and method is needed in which a student has the opportunity to learn and gain valuable experience without working in an actual work environment and unnecessarily risking safety and quality
  • Examples of occupations and activities that require a quick and honed decision-making ability include a fish counter and a lumber grader
  • a fish counter identifies and counts the various species offish that pass through a dam
  • a lumber grader determines the quality or grade of a piece of lumber as it travels past the grader at a grading station
  • Lumber is sorted based on the quality or grade determined by the grader upon visual inspection ofthe lumber as it travels past a grading station
  • the price at which the lumber may be sold is at least in part based on the grade assigned by the grader
  • Grading lumber takes a high degree of skill and experience
  • existing ways to train a novice grader are costly and time consuming
  • Lumber grading systems exist that help improve the quality of lumber grading by rotating the piece of lumber so that the grader can see all sides of it before giving it a grade (such as U.S Patent No 3,759,384 to Holmberg et al )
  • no cost-effective training system exists to help new and existing graders gain valuable experience and thus, improve the overall quality of lumber grading Since the quality of lumber grading is ultimately dependent upon the skill ofthe grader, a cost-effective training system and method is needed to help train new graders and hone the skill of experienced graders Disclosure ofthe Invention
  • the invented training system and method solves the aforementioned problems by introduction of a simulation of a series of events for a person to grade and a means of recording the grade of each event in the series for comparison to one or more person's grades ofthe same series of events
  • a grader is presented a series of paced events for the grader to judge
  • the grader's recorded assessment of the events are compared to a separate recorded assessment of the same events by the same or different grader
  • the separate recorded assessment may be created by an master grader or by the same grader
  • a purpose ofthe training system and method is to provide a simulated environment in which a grader's decision-making skills can be tested and improved
  • expert feedback is utilized to improve the novice grader's ability to assess, evaluate, judge or grade each event in a series events
  • a comparison of the novice grader's assessment to a master grader's assessment of the same series of events provides the expert feedback needed for the appropriate pedagogic effect.
  • the invented training system and method has a potentially wide application
  • the training system and method reduces the time and expense required to train a novice grader
  • the training system and method records a video of traveling pieces of lumber on a conveyor system using a camera and video tape recorder/player (VTR/P), which may be coupled to a monitor
  • VTR/P camera and video tape recorder/player
  • An event detector detects each piece of lumber so that one piece of lumber is graded per event.
  • a computer controller determines the timing of each event based on synchronization (frame) signals from the VTR/P and an event signal from the event detector
  • the resulting video and recorded event information is an event-simulation
  • the simulation is shown to a master grader in association with a computer controller
  • the master grader sits at a grade entry station (GES) and grades the pieces of lumber that pass by on the video monitor
  • GES grade entry station
  • Each event is graded by the master grader and each event-associated grade is stored to produce a grade dataset
  • the simulation and the associated dataset is a training program
  • Fig 1 is a general schematic block diagram a training system, constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment
  • Fig 2 is a schematic diagram of the training system of Fig 1 showing the components used to record a video of a series of events
  • Fig 3 is a schematic diagram of the training system of Fig 1 showing the components used to present a video of a series of events and record the grader's evaluation of each event
  • Fig 4 is a flow chart of a training method, in accordance with a preferred embodiments
  • the training system in accordance with a preferred embodiment, is generally shown at 10 in Fig 1
  • the training system includes an event-simulation subsystem 12, a presentation-and-entry subsystem 14 and a controller 16
  • Event-simulation subsystem 12 creates, produces and/or records any sequence of events (i.e , series of events) for playback later to a user of presentation-and- entry subsystem 14
  • An "event” is any action or thing that occurs during a particular interval of time and a "series of events” is any sequence or succession of events
  • a series of events may include pieces of lumber on a conveyance system, fish passing through a dam, etc
  • An event has characteristics (i e , properties
  • the simulation created by event-simulation subsystem 12 is a video recording of an actual series of events
  • the simulation may be an animation (hand-drawn or computer-generated), slide show, virtual reality, etc
  • the event-simulation subsystem preferably includes a video camera, a VTR/P, a video monitor, and an event detector
  • Presentation-and-entry subsystem 14 receives the simulation from the event-simulation subsystem and presents it to the user The user views the simulation and enters a grade for each event
  • the presentation-and-entry subsystem preferably includes a video monitor, a VTR P, and a grade entry station
  • Controller 16 coordinates and controls the event-simulation subsystem and the presentation-and-entry subsystem
  • the controller distinguishes between individual events based on a signal from an event detector It also associates and stores the user's grades with the proper events. After two or more evaluations ofthe same simulation, the controller compares the evaluations and reports the results
  • the controller includes a computer (with a processor and memory/storage systems) and a display
  • Figs 2 and 3 show the preferred embodiment ofthe training system in more detail than shown in Fig 1.
  • the preferred embodiment of the training system and method operates in two basic modes production mode and grading mode
  • Fig. 2 shows the training system in the production mode
  • the preferred embodiment ofthe invention includes a high resolution video camera 20 and a video tape recorder/player (VTR/P 22) which collectively record video images of pieces 21 of lumber on a conveyer system 23 as they travel seriatim past a grader 30
  • a video monitor 24 may be attached to the VTR P
  • monitor 24 shows an example of one frame of the video tape being recorded on the VTR/P
  • the monitor shows pieces 21 of lumber on conveyer system 23 While taping, the VTR/P sends frame information to computer 26
  • the computer may have display 27 attached thereto. In the preferred embodiment, no video images are stored on the computer
  • each event is piece 21 of lumber travelling seriatim (i.e., one-after-another) by conveyance system 23
  • An event detector 28 detects and determines when a new piece of lumber may be graded and sends an event signal to computer 26
  • Event detector 28 is used to provide grade zone timing definition (an event signal) to the computer 26
  • the event timing signal is to be provided from the conveyance system 23 controller (typically a discrete output from a PLC) which signals when a new piece of lumber has been presented for grade inspection to the grader 30
  • the pairing ofthe event timing signal for grade entry coupled with the VTR/P frame information provides synchronization of the board video image and its associated dataset which is stored by the computer 26
  • computer 26 determines when each event occurs
  • the frame and event information is stored in the computers primary and/or secondary memory
  • a simulation program may last any given length of time
  • a sixty to ninety minute program is used to help train lumber graders.
  • Fig. 2 also shows a grader 30 using grade entry station (GES) 32 or any other data entry station.
  • GES grade entry station
  • the grader and GES is not necessary for the production mode, however, the production mode and grading mode may occur concurrently.
  • the grader may view and grade the pieces of lumber on the conveyer system while a simulation program is being produced using the same pieces of lumber
  • the grader's grade may be associated with each event as it occurs
  • Fig 3 shows the training system in the grading mode.
  • Grader 30 using grade entry station 32 views a simulation program on video monitor 24
  • the video on the video monitor is produced by VTR/P 22.
  • the VTR/P sends a signal to computer 26 that include frame information on the simulation program being viewed by the grader.
  • Each event i.e., pieces of lumber
  • the time intervals have a defined (i.e., pre-selected) length and are separate from each other There should be little or no overlap between time intervals for events.
  • the interval of time for each event is generally the same.
  • the time interval in which each piece of lumber is presented to the grader for grading will vary according to the speed capabilities of the conveyance system as well as the desired visual inspection grading rates. In lumber grading applications this timing interval is typically between 5 to 1 0 seconds for each board event.
  • the GES sends a signal to the computer indicating the grade designated and entered by the grader. Based on the frame information sent by the VTR/P and the stored associated frame and event information, the computer associates the grader's grade with each event of the simulation program.
  • the computer is an IBM-compatible computer with a primary memory system (i.e , RAM) and secondary memory systems (e.g , floppy and hard disk drives).
  • the computer also preferably includes a KIETHLEY METRABYTE 96 port I/O
  • Fig 3 In lumber sorting systems, there are two common means of entering a grade for a piece of lumber.
  • the first means is depicted in Fig 3 and to some extent in Fig. 2.
  • the grader mans a GES and pushes buttons that indicate the grade of the piece of lumber that the grader is viewing.
  • the GES is typically a keyboard similar the GES 32 shown in Figs 2 and 3.
  • the other common grade-entry means is where the grader personally turns over each piece of lumber to inspect it closely Once the grader determines the piece's grade, the grader writes the grade on the piece itself The grade is optically scanned into a computer so that the piece may be properly sorted
  • the preferred embodiment may utilize the both common grade-entry means The first has been discussed above.
  • the second common grade entry system of personal inspection and hand writing the grade may be utilized
  • the grader enters the grade of each piece by using a tablet entry system GES 32 would include a tablet entry system on which the grader's writes symbols indicating specific grades
  • the GES and/or the computer translates the grader's written symbols into grades that can be stored in the dataset
  • a grader views a program and grades each event to produce a dataset
  • the dataset includes the grader's grade of each event in the program.
  • the computer compares the datasets and the results are stored in the computer and preferably displayed on display 27
  • the compared datasets may be created by the same grader or by different graders.
  • a novice grader i e , trainee
  • the trainee can learn from the trainee's mistakes by viewing a report on the differences between the trainee's dataset and the master dataset. From such comparison, the trainee can learn how to grade better by examining how his evaluation of the events compares to a master grader's evaluation of the same events
  • this system may be used by a single grader multiple times. A grader may improve consistency in grading by comparing the grader's evaluation ofthe same events.
  • Fig. 4 the preferred embodiment of the invented training method is shown.
  • the method starts at 50
  • the grader is first presented a series of events.
  • At 52 the grader is first presented a series of events.
  • the grader first evaluates the characteristics of each event At 56, the grader first enters such evaluations. At 58, the grader's evaluations of each event ofthe series are first stored, thereby producing a first dataset. The resulting first dataset is shown at 59
  • the training method determines whether a second dataset exists. If so, the first and second datasets are compared at 70 Otherwise, a second dataset must be created; therefore, at 62, a second presentation of a series of events is given to the same or different grader.
  • the grader does a second evaluation of the characteristics of each event of the same series of events
  • the grader does a second entering of such evaluations
  • the grader's evaluations are stored to produce a second dataset.
  • the second dataset is shown at 69
  • the answer to the whether a second dataset exist must be "yes" because a second dataset was created in steps 62-68
  • the first and second datasets are compared.
  • the invented training method and system now may be understood to provide a method and system for training a grader to develop and improve the grader's ability to make decisions and evaluations under the pressure of time Those who are skilled in the art will understand and appreciate that the invention has a potentially wide application to any educational and/or vocational training system or method
  • Examples of training scenarios in which the invention is an appropriate and cost-effective training system and method include grading pieces of lumber, grading pieces of wood veneer, counting fish passing through a dam, grading the quality of finished or processed goods on an assembly line, grading the quality of raw products before entering a processing/assembly line, examining x-rays of luggage at security check points, examining medical test results, reviewing plays from sporting activities to judge the proper foul or penalty to call, reviewing plays in football games to determine the proper offensive or defensive audible, and any perception/observation testing While the preferred embodiment and best mode ofthe invention have been disclosed, variations and changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope ofthe invention

Abstract

A l'aide d'un système et procédé itératifs et cadencés de formation à la prise de décision, on présente à un classeur (30) de bois une série d'événements (52) cadencés à juger par ledit classeur (30) afin que l'évaluation mise en mémoire des événements par le classeur soit comparée à une évaluation mise en mémoire séparée des mêmes événements (54). L'évaluation mise en mémoire séparée peut être créée par un classeur expérimenté ou par le classeur (30). Lesdits système et procédé fournissent un environnement simulé dans lequel les capacités de prise de décision d'un classeur de bois peuvent être évaluées et améliorées. De préférence, lesdits système et procédé enregistrent une vidéo de morceaux de bois d'oeuvre (21), déplacés sur une bande transporteuse, à l'aide d'une caméra (20) et d'un enregistreur/lecteur de bande vidéo (VTR/P) (22). Un détecteur (28) d'événements détecte chaque morceau de bois d'oeuvre (21) de manière à ce qu'un morceau de bois d'oeuvre (21) soit classé par événement. Une commande informatique (26) est capable de déterminer le moment de survenue de chaque événement sur la base de signaux de synchronisation (trame) provenant du VTR/P (22) et du signal d'événement provenant du détecteur (28) d'événements. La vidéo qui en résulte peut être montrée à un classeur expérimenté qui classe chaque morceau de bois d'oeuvre lorsqu'il passe sur l'écran vidéo (24). Pour apprendre comment juger ou classer correctement du bois d'oeuvre (21), un apprenti (30) est assis à un poste d'entrée de classement tandis qu'un programme de formation est présenté. L'apprenti (30) classe chaque morceau de bois d'oeuvre (21) lorsqu'il passe sur l'écran vidéo. Ensuite, le classement de l'apprenti est comparé au classement du classeur expérimenté. Le résultat net desdits système et procédé est un procédé plus rapide et moins onéreux de formation d'un apprenti (30) que les procédés existants.
PCT/US1996/019664 1995-12-12 1996-12-12 Systeme et procede iteratifs et cadences de formation a la prise de decision WO1997022096A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU12854/97A AU1285497A (en) 1995-12-12 1996-12-12 Paced iterative decision training system and method

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US57099095A 1995-12-12 1995-12-12
US08/570,990 1995-12-12

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CA (1) CA2212742A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1997022096A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999017264A1 (fr) * 1997-09-30 1999-04-08 Patrice Saunier Procede d'apprentissage et/ou de controle de regles et/ou de procedures
US6643652B2 (en) 2000-01-14 2003-11-04 Saba Software, Inc. Method and apparatus for managing data exchange among systems in a network
US6721747B2 (en) 2000-01-14 2004-04-13 Saba Software, Inc. Method and apparatus for an information server
US6850893B2 (en) 2000-01-14 2005-02-01 Saba Software, Inc. Method and apparatus for an improved security system mechanism in a business applications management system platform
US7089583B2 (en) 2000-01-14 2006-08-08 Saba Software, Inc. Method and apparatus for a business applications server
US10481878B2 (en) 2008-10-09 2019-11-19 Objectstore, Inc. User interface apparatus and methods

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4992949A (en) * 1989-01-27 1991-02-12 Macmillan Bloedel Limited Color sorting of lumber
US5306154A (en) * 1991-03-07 1994-04-26 Hitachi, Ltd. Intelligent education and simulation system and method
US5321611A (en) * 1993-02-05 1994-06-14 National Computer Systems, Inc. Multiple test scoring system
US5344324A (en) * 1992-07-15 1994-09-06 Nova Scientific Corporation Apparatus and method for testing human performance
US5376007A (en) * 1991-12-19 1994-12-27 Zirm; Matthias Apparatus and method for teaching and learning microsurgical operating techniques

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4992949A (en) * 1989-01-27 1991-02-12 Macmillan Bloedel Limited Color sorting of lumber
US5306154A (en) * 1991-03-07 1994-04-26 Hitachi, Ltd. Intelligent education and simulation system and method
US5376007A (en) * 1991-12-19 1994-12-27 Zirm; Matthias Apparatus and method for teaching and learning microsurgical operating techniques
US5344324A (en) * 1992-07-15 1994-09-06 Nova Scientific Corporation Apparatus and method for testing human performance
US5321611A (en) * 1993-02-05 1994-06-14 National Computer Systems, Inc. Multiple test scoring system

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999017264A1 (fr) * 1997-09-30 1999-04-08 Patrice Saunier Procede d'apprentissage et/ou de controle de regles et/ou de procedures
US6643652B2 (en) 2000-01-14 2003-11-04 Saba Software, Inc. Method and apparatus for managing data exchange among systems in a network
US6721747B2 (en) 2000-01-14 2004-04-13 Saba Software, Inc. Method and apparatus for an information server
US6850893B2 (en) 2000-01-14 2005-02-01 Saba Software, Inc. Method and apparatus for an improved security system mechanism in a business applications management system platform
US7072934B2 (en) 2000-01-14 2006-07-04 Saba Software, Inc. Method and apparatus for a business applications server management system platform
US7089583B2 (en) 2000-01-14 2006-08-08 Saba Software, Inc. Method and apparatus for a business applications server
US10481878B2 (en) 2008-10-09 2019-11-19 Objectstore, Inc. User interface apparatus and methods

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU1285497A (en) 1997-07-03
CA2212742A1 (fr) 1997-06-19

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