WO1997020294A1 - Dispositif de surveillance de la presence d'une personne au moyen d'un faisceau d'energie a reflexion - Google Patents

Dispositif de surveillance de la presence d'une personne au moyen d'un faisceau d'energie a reflexion Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997020294A1
WO1997020294A1 PCT/US1995/015310 US9515310W WO9720294A1 WO 1997020294 A1 WO1997020294 A1 WO 1997020294A1 US 9515310 W US9515310 W US 9515310W WO 9720294 A1 WO9720294 A1 WO 9720294A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
circuit
output
energy beam
electromagnetic energy
person
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1995/015310
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English (en)
Inventor
Paul Newham
Original Assignee
Paul Newham
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to US08/343,259 priority Critical patent/US5471198A/en
Priority claimed from US08/343,259 external-priority patent/US5471198A/en
Application filed by Paul Newham filed Critical Paul Newham
Priority to PCT/US1995/015310 priority patent/WO1997020294A1/fr
Publication of WO1997020294A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997020294A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
    • G08B13/181—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using active radiation detection systems
    • G08B13/183—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using active radiation detection systems by interruption of a radiation beam or barrier
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
    • G08B21/18—Status alarms
    • G08B21/22—Status alarms responsive to presence or absence of persons

Definitions

  • TITLE DEVICE FOR MONITORING THE PRESENCE OF A PERSON USING A REFLECTIVE ENERGY BEAM
  • the present invention relates generally to wave energy beam transmission and detection equipment.
  • the present invention relates more specifically to the use of such equipment for the detection and monitoring of the presence or absence of a person from a medical bed, chair, or other supportive structure so as to ensure the safety of a patient occupying such a structure.
  • a problem well known to medical service providers is that of making sure certain patients remain in their hospital bed. Reasons for this include the need to quickly locate the patient, administer medical treatment to the correct patient, and the prevention of patient injury. Such knowledge is particularly important when patients have become disoriented due to illness or medication.
  • the switch devices in the Musick patents are each comprised of two rectangular conductors which run the length of the device, are parallel to each other and lie one on top of the other.
  • the two conductors are separated at both ends by a pliable material such as foam, and are held apart from each other through the rigidity of the switching apparatus itself.
  • the switch is activated by the pressure of the patient's body weight on the device, either directly thereon or indirectly through the mattress. Once this weight is applied, the two conductive elements come into contact, the switch is closed, and the system indicates that the patient is in the bed. When the switch is opened by the absence of the patient's weight in the bed, the system then sounds an alarm or sends a signal to the medical facility call system through an appropriate interface.
  • Such pressure-sensitive switching elements suffer from certain inherent problems. Switching elements which are placed under the mattress exhibit extremely limited sensitivity and selectivity in identifying the presence of the patient in the bed. This is due to the fact that the patient's weight in the bed is masked by the mattress itself. This masking effect tends to result in frequent false alarms due to the switch failing to close properly, as well as the failure to generate an alarm when the switch fails to open even though the patient is no longer in the bed. As for pressure- sensitive switches placed between the patient and the mattress, they must be extremely thin to afford the patient a reasonable degree of comfort. Although such switches exhibit substantially improved sensitivity and selectivity, the required thinness of the switch elements causes them to have considerably limited life. Such switches are, therefore, manufactured as disposable devices whose costs prohibit their broad acceptance and use.
  • an object of this invention to provide a reflectable wave energy beam device, which replaces the existing pressure-sensitive switches previously described for the monitoring of the presence of a patient in a medical environment.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide such a device which either interfaces with occupancy monitoring control modules already in use or utilizes self-contained control module circuitry and controls .
  • an electronic device able to remotely detect and monitor the presence or absence of a person within a pre-defined space.
  • the device generally comprises a power supply, a pulsed waveform generator, a reflectable electromagnetic (EM) energy beam source, a matching EM energy sensor, a window comparator circuit, a control logic circuit, and an output relay circuit.
  • the EM energy beam source emits a reflectable energy beam in the direction of a location defined as where the person occupying the bed or other support structure should safely be.
  • the direction, focus, and intensity of the beam may be varied as the specific application may require.
  • the energy beam may be composed of electromagnetic waves, such as visible light or infrared light, or in the alternative, may be an acoustic wave energy source.
  • the waveform generator circuit is used to drive the energy beam source by outputting various pulsed waveforms.
  • the pulse generator circuit is connected to the control logic circuit and receives control signals from it. These control signals direct the pulse generator to produce a variable signal to the energy beam source. Variations in this input signal cause the energy beam source to make changes in any of a number of aspects of the energy beam itself.
  • the control logic circuit controls the characteristics of the reflectable energy beam.
  • the requirements for the energy beam are only that it be of a frequency, wavelength, and intensity as to be reflectable by the person being monitored and that the reflected beam be detectable by the energy sensor.
  • the control logic circuit analyzes the data regarding the reflected energy and relays a control signal to the output relay circuit indicating whether or not to initiate "alarm" mode by activating an alarm or other external monitoring circuitry.
  • the control logic circuit may also employ an adjustable time delay component to prevent premature alarm indications.
  • the apparatus of the invention using a reflective energy beam as the probe and sensor mechanism, thus reliably detects the presence or absence of a patient from a bed or other support structure without causing discomfort to the patient, and significantly reduces the occurrences of false or unreliable alarms.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the reflectable energy beam device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a top view of the preferred location of the reflectable energy beam device in relation to a patient in a medical bed.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-section of FIG. 2 taken along the line A-A.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-section view of another preferred embodiment of the reflectable energy beam device depicting a patient in a medical bed.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-section view of yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention depicting a patient in a medical bed and the placement of the device as would be appropriate for FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-section view of yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention depicting a patient in a medical bed and showing the placement of the device as would be appropriate for operation as in FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 7 is a plan view of the reflectable energy beam device in relation to a patient in a medical bed as shown in FIG. 2 taken along the line B-B.
  • the device of the present invention has practical application in a number of situations.
  • the device may be used to monitor the presence of a person, animal, or object within a pre-defined space.
  • the invention described may be used in hospitals to monitor the occupancy of medical beds, chairs, or other supportive structures whenever it may be useful to determine the status of occupancy of such structures.
  • the present device may be used in nursing homes, mental hospitals, and other similar institutions needing to track the presence of individuals.
  • the invention is not limited to institutional use, but also has practical application as a single, stand-alone device. Such applications include in-home health care and presence monitoring for the increasing number of patients who choose to have medical care provided in their own homes.
  • Fig. 1 shows a block diagram for a basic presence monitoring device (10) made up of several components, including a power supply (11) .
  • the power supply (11) may consist of an internal power source such as a battery, an external source with an appropriate feed to the device (10) , or any other source of power known in the art.
  • the next component disclosed by Fig. 1 is the infrared (IR) source (14) which provides the EM energy beam (16) . It produces a focused, directed beam of radiant energy (16) detectable by the IR energy sensor (24) .
  • IR infrared
  • the radiant energy (16) is directed toward a pre-defined location (18) , wherein the object (20) whose presence is to be detected is most likely to be found if in its proper location.
  • the energy beam source may be any of those commonly found in the art which produce radiant energy detectable by an energy sensor. Examples of such radiant energy (16) include visible light, active or passive infrared light, other invisible light, ultrasound energy, microwave energy, laser energy, radio waves, and other appropriate energy sources as they become available or are discovered.
  • various methods exist to control the angle of dispersion of the emitted beam (16) , such as mechanical structures associated with the mounting of the IR source (14) .
  • the IR source (14) is able to produce, direct and appropriately control the radiant energy (16) in a focused beam toward the location of the pre-defined space (18) .
  • the IR sensor (24) is able to detect the presence of the reflected energy (22) within a 4 ( ⁇ 2 ) angle. This narrow detection angle is used to limit the range of the device (10) to the pre ⁇ defined space (18) immediately above the bed (30) .
  • the IR sensor (24) may also be equipped with shielding to ambient and incandescent light such as by physically positioning an infrared filter over the sensor (24) or by other methods standard in the practice to further reduce false alarms.
  • the IR sensor (24) then sends data regarding the reflected energy (22) to the window comparator circuit (25) through a connection thereto.
  • the window comparator circuit (25) 5 isolates and amplifies the reflected signal before feeding data on that signal to the control logic circuit (26) .
  • the reflected signal is isolated from interference by filtering out all frequencies of the sensed signal except for the specific frequency at which
  • the radiant energy (16) was emitted by the IR source (14) .
  • the control logic circuit (26) then uses this data from the window comparator (25) to regulate the pulse generator circuit (13) , as described below, to more accurately control the beam of radiant energy (16) .
  • the control logic circuit (26) may be composed of discrete integrated circuits or may be a computer microprocessor which is controlled by internal programming embedded in its circuitry.
  • the control logic circuit (26) analyzes the data received from the energy sensor (24) and
  • the control logic circuit (26) may also make use of an adjustable time delay component. The time delay ensures that the reflected energy (22) is not detected for a preset
  • the control logic circuit (26) then communicates the required instructions to the output relay circuit (28) .
  • the output relay (28) functions as an interface with the
  • the monitoring system (29) may be an alarm indication such as a bell or a light, or may be part of a complex, computerized monitoring system for an entire hospital.
  • the output relay (28) is itself capable of communicating signals from the monitoring
  • control logic circuit (26) may then re-program the control logic circuit (26) to make changes in the operation of the device (10) , i.e. , changes in beam intensity, frequency, and duration.
  • the pulse waveform generator (13) interfaces with both the IR source (14) and the control logic circuit (26) .
  • the pulse generator (13) produces an output of variable pulse waveforms which appropriately control various aspects of the radiant energy (16) produced by the IR energy beam source (14) .
  • variable aspects include the intensity of the beam, the frequency of the beam, beam focus, and beam engagement.
  • the IR source (14) is able to vary the beam's intensity, frequency, focus, and overall use.
  • the control logic circuit (26) may also be connected to the pulse generator circuit (13) to signal to the pulse generator (13) the type of waveforms to produce as input to the IR source (14) based on data the control logic circuit (26) receives from the window comparator circuit (25) or the external monitoring system (29) through the output relay (28) . In this way, the control logic circuit (26) can regulate and coordinate the various aspects of the energy beam output from the IR source (14) by adjusting and controlling the pulse generator (13) .
  • the control logic circuit (26) may thus form a closed loop circuit, resulting in a continuously monitored and adjusted, tightly focused and thereby inherently reliable monitoring energy beam (16) . This improves the device's performance and efficiency.
  • Some preferred embodiments use a control loop to vary the transmitted EM beam (16) .
  • Such variations include changes in beam intensity as well as the frequency of the beam (16) .
  • the control logic circuit (26) At the center of the control loop is the control logic circuit (26) . It receives data about the reflected beam (22) from the IR sensor (24) and the window comparator (25) . After analyzing this data, the control logic circuit (26) signals the pulse generator (13) to vary the pulse output waveform to the IR source (14) thereby changing the frequency and/or intensity of the emitted beam (16) .
  • the reason for this control loop in some of the preferred embodiments is to change the frequency of the transmitted beam (16) to a frequency different from that of other EM beam sources operating within the sensing range of the device (10) .
  • the control logic circuit (26) thereby serves as a key element in the closed loop circuit, the end result of which is a continuously monitored and adjusted, tightly- focused and thereby inherently reliable monitoring energy beam (16, 22) .
  • Fig. 2 depicts the top view of a patient lying in a typical hospital bed to which an embodiment of the present invention has been attached for patient presence monitoring as previously described.
  • the medical bed (30) is of a design commonly in use in hospitals and nursing homes today.
  • the bed (30) can generally be divided into two halves, an upper half (32) and a lower half (34) , each half of which is capable of being independently raised or lowered by an external means. Often connected to such beds
  • protection side rails (36) which help ensure that the patient does not unintentionally roll out of the bed.
  • the medical bed (30) has a pair of upper side rails (36) connected to the upper half (32) of the medical bed (30) and a pair of lower side rails (38) connected to the lower half (34) of the medical bed (30) .
  • Each of the side rails (35) is independently movable.
  • Each rail (35) is attached to the base or frame of the medical bed (30) so as to allow the rail (35) to be moved in a vertical position relative to the medical bed (30) and the patient
  • the top portion (37) of the rail (35) lies below the top of the mattress (31) on which the patient (20) lies.
  • Each rail (35) has various vertical positions above its most lowered position which cause the top portion (37) of the rail (35) and the body (39) of the rail (35) to increasingly protrude above the top level of the mattress (31) .
  • Raising a rail (35) to one of its upper positions prevents the patient (20) from accidently rolling off the medical bed (30) on the side containing the raised rail (35) due to the patient's coming into contact with and being stopped by the rail (35) .
  • the upper rail (36) should be in a partially or fully raised position to allow the device (10) to correspondingly be located above the top surface of the mattress (31) . Once located in such a position, the device (10) is able to monitor the presence of the person (20) on the medical bed
  • the device (10) is shown attached to one of the upper side rails (36) of the medical bed (30) , it should be noted that the device (10) could be attached to anything which would allow it to remain in a steady position above the mattress (31) of the bed (30) so that its emitted beam (16) may reach the pre-defined space (18) as herein previously described.
  • the position of the occupancy monitoring device (10) is such that the location of the monitored patient (20) produces a reflected beam (22) from the transmitted beam (16) .
  • the device (10) remains in "monitor" mode as long as the patient (20) produces a reflected beam (22) .
  • the device (10) When no reflected beam (22) is detected, the device (10) enters the "alarm” mode and generates the necessary signals to indicate a change in the location of the patient (20) .
  • the device (10) may be positioned such that the emitted beam (16) is not reflected by the patient (20) when the device (10) is in "monitor" mode as shown in Fig. 4, wherein like elements are similarly numbered as in Fig. 3.
  • the emitted beam (16) is focused on a pre-defined space (18) that the patient (20) would enter when leaving the bed (30) , i.e., an area a few inches above the patient's chest when the patient (20) is lying in the bed (30) or across the end of the bed (30) when all the side rails (35) are raised.
  • the emitted beam (16) is then reflected back toward the device (10) . Once the reflected beam (22) is detected by the device (10) , the device enters the "alarm" mode.
  • the IR source (14) and the IR sensor (24) must both be positioned on the side of the device (10) closest to the patient (20) .
  • the focused apex (40) of the transmitted beam (16) should be such that it occurs within the occupied limitations of the patient's mattress (31) , specifically within the previously referred to pre-defined space (18) .
  • this preferred embodiment further reduces false presence determinations caused by the reflected beam's monitoring of objects outside the pre-defined space (18) when the patient
  • Fig. 5 shows the device (10) of the present invention separated into two independent parts: the emitter component (10a) and the receiver component (10b) .
  • the emitter component (10a) houses the IR source (14) while the receiver component (10b) houses the IR sensor (24) .
  • the emitter component (10a) is attached to one upper side rail (36), and the receiver component (10b) is attached to the opposite upper side rail (36) .
  • the components are positioned such that the emitted beam (16) from the emitter component (10a) is aimed at the IR sensor (24) on the receiver component (10b) so that the emitted beam (16) passes through the pre-defined location (18) where the patient (20) should be similar to the mode of operation of the device (10) as shown in Fig.
  • the emitted beam (16) is detected by the IR sensor (24) and the device enters "alarm" mode.
  • the angle (19) of the emitted beam (16) is wider than in previous embodiments.
  • This wider angle (19) of the emitted beam (16) eliminates the necessity of precise alignment of the emitter component (10a) and the receiver component (10b) for proper operation of the device (10) .
  • the IR sensor (24) on the receiver component (10b) is still limited to a sensing range of 4 ( ⁇ 2 ) to detect the presence of the patient (20) only in the pre-defined space (18) .
  • the emitter component (10a) and the receiver component (10b) may be positioned so that the emitted beam (16) passes through a pre-defined location (18) defined as an area just outside that normally occupied by the patient (20) lying in the medical bed (30) .
  • the device (10) would enter "alarm" mode whenever the patient (20) interrupted receipt of the emitted beam (16) by the IR sensor (24) while exiting from the bed (30) .
  • This mode of operation is similar to that described in Fig. 4.
  • Fig. 7 provides yet another view of a preferred location of the monitoring device (10) of the present invention shown with reference to the position of a monitored person (20) in a medical bed (30) .
  • the monitoring device (10) may either be a portable device affixed to the medical bed's upper side rail (36) or may be an embedded device circuit within the structure of the upper side rail (36) . It should be further noted that the device (10) may be attached to or embedded within any of the side rails (35) connected to a medical bed (30) and that multiple devices (10) may be mounted on a single bed (30) . Also, the device (10) may be attached to a mounting structure external to the medical bed (30) and may be used to monitor the location of any part of the monitored person (20) , such as a limb. For example, if a leg mu ⁇ t be held in traction within a certain pre-defined space, the present invention (10) may be positioned so as to monitor and detect any movement of the limb outside of the pre-defined position.
  • the apparatus (10) may also be attached to other supporting structures, such as a wheelchair, by any of the methods herein previously described.
  • the same positioning requirements used for the medical bed would be used to determine the optimum location for the device on another support structure.
  • Preferred positioning of the device for a wheelchair would be attachment to one of the armrests of the wheelchair with the emitted beam aimed in the direction where a person occupying the chair would most likely be found.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Measuring And Recording Apparatus For Diagnosis (AREA)

Abstract

Dispositif (10) de surveillance de la présence d'un patient (20) dans un lit d'hôpital (30). Une source (14) de faisceaux d'énergie rayonnante électromagnétique (EM) transmet un faisceau d'énergie EM pouvant être réfléchie (16) vers l'espace (18) occupé par le patient (20). Ce faisceau (16) est réfléchi par le patient (20) s'il se trouve dans le lit d'hôpital (30), et le faisceau réfléchi (22) est détecté par un capteur d'énergie électromagnétique (24). Un circuit logique de commande (26) reçoit, du capteur d'énergie (24), des données se rapportant au niveau d'énergie réfléchie (22) détectée. Ce circuit logique (26) transmet différents signaux à un relais de sortie (28) en fonction du fait que le patient (20) se trouve ou ne se trouve pas dans son lit (30). Le relais de sortie (28) sert d'interface avec un système de surveillance externe (29) de présence, ou peut, dans une variante, actionner une sonnerie d'alarme ou un témoin lumineux (27) pour indiquer l'absence du patient.
PCT/US1995/015310 1994-11-22 1995-11-28 Dispositif de surveillance de la presence d'une personne au moyen d'un faisceau d'energie a reflexion WO1997020294A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/343,259 US5471198A (en) 1994-11-22 1994-11-22 Device for monitoring the presence of a person using a reflective energy beam
PCT/US1995/015310 WO1997020294A1 (fr) 1994-11-22 1995-11-28 Dispositif de surveillance de la presence d'une personne au moyen d'un faisceau d'energie a reflexion

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/343,259 US5471198A (en) 1994-11-22 1994-11-22 Device for monitoring the presence of a person using a reflective energy beam
PCT/US1995/015310 WO1997020294A1 (fr) 1994-11-22 1995-11-28 Dispositif de surveillance de la presence d'une personne au moyen d'un faisceau d'energie a reflexion

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WO1997020294A1 true WO1997020294A1 (fr) 1997-06-05

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PCT/US1995/015310 WO1997020294A1 (fr) 1994-11-22 1995-11-28 Dispositif de surveillance de la presence d'une personne au moyen d'un faisceau d'energie a reflexion

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001095280A1 (fr) * 2000-06-03 2001-12-13 Steven Buchan Systeme antichute
EP1596797A1 (fr) * 2003-02-06 2005-11-23 Conseng Pty Ltd Systeme de surveillance de lit

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4179692A (en) * 1977-05-05 1979-12-18 Vance Dwight A Apparatus to indicate when a patient has evacuated a bed or demonstrates a restless condition
US4196425A (en) * 1978-07-10 1980-04-01 by said David S. Weekly said Clyde E. Williams Patient activity monitoring system
US4295133A (en) * 1977-05-05 1981-10-13 Vance Dwight A Apparatus to indicate when a patient has evacuated a bed or demonstrates a restless condition
US4484043A (en) * 1982-09-30 1984-11-20 Bed-Check Corporation Switch apparatus responsive to pressure or distortion
US4565910A (en) * 1982-09-30 1986-01-21 Bed-Check Corporation Switch apparatus responsive to distortion
US4583084A (en) * 1984-01-27 1986-04-15 Lutheran General Hospital, Inc. Patient monitor
US4633237A (en) * 1984-07-11 1986-12-30 Kenneth A. Tucknott Patient bed alarm system
US4947152A (en) * 1986-02-10 1990-08-07 Mesa Vista Hospital Patient monitoring system

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4179692A (en) * 1977-05-05 1979-12-18 Vance Dwight A Apparatus to indicate when a patient has evacuated a bed or demonstrates a restless condition
US4295133A (en) * 1977-05-05 1981-10-13 Vance Dwight A Apparatus to indicate when a patient has evacuated a bed or demonstrates a restless condition
US4196425A (en) * 1978-07-10 1980-04-01 by said David S. Weekly said Clyde E. Williams Patient activity monitoring system
US4484043A (en) * 1982-09-30 1984-11-20 Bed-Check Corporation Switch apparatus responsive to pressure or distortion
US4565910A (en) * 1982-09-30 1986-01-21 Bed-Check Corporation Switch apparatus responsive to distortion
US4583084A (en) * 1984-01-27 1986-04-15 Lutheran General Hospital, Inc. Patient monitor
US4633237A (en) * 1984-07-11 1986-12-30 Kenneth A. Tucknott Patient bed alarm system
US4947152A (en) * 1986-02-10 1990-08-07 Mesa Vista Hospital Patient monitoring system

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001095280A1 (fr) * 2000-06-03 2001-12-13 Steven Buchan Systeme antichute
EP1596797A1 (fr) * 2003-02-06 2005-11-23 Conseng Pty Ltd Systeme de surveillance de lit
EP1596797A4 (fr) * 2003-02-06 2009-05-27 Conseng Pty Ltd Systeme de surveillance de lit

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