WO1997014943A1 - Method and device for liquid leakage indication - Google Patents

Method and device for liquid leakage indication Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997014943A1
WO1997014943A1 PCT/SE1996/001308 SE9601308W WO9714943A1 WO 1997014943 A1 WO1997014943 A1 WO 1997014943A1 SE 9601308 W SE9601308 W SE 9601308W WO 9714943 A1 WO9714943 A1 WO 9714943A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
conduit
medium
section
microwave
microwave signals
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE1996/001308
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Lars-Anders Persson
Original Assignee
Persson Lars Anders
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from SE9501401A external-priority patent/SE505122C2/en
Application filed by Persson Lars Anders filed Critical Persson Lars Anders
Priority to US09/051,626 priority Critical patent/US5974863A/en
Priority to EP96935709A priority patent/EP0856150B1/en
Priority to AU73526/96A priority patent/AU7352696A/en
Priority to DE69620901T priority patent/DE69620901D1/en
Priority to AT96935709T priority patent/ATE216772T1/en
Publication of WO1997014943A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997014943A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P13/00—Indicating or recording presence, absence, or direction, of movement
    • G01P13/008—Indicating or recording presence, absence, or direction, of movement by using a window mounted in the fluid carrying tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/006—Fluid-circulation arrangements optical fluid control arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/28—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
    • G01F23/284—Electromagnetic waves
    • G01F23/2845—Electromagnetic waves for discrete levels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
    • G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
    • G01M3/06—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point by observing bubbles in a liquid pool
    • G01M3/10—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point by observing bubbles in a liquid pool for containers, e.g. radiators
    • G01M3/106—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point by observing bubbles in a liquid pool for containers, e.g. radiators for radiators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
    • G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
    • G01M3/24—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic vibrations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P13/00—Indicating or recording presence, absence, or direction, of movement
    • G01P13/0006—Indicating or recording presence, absence, or direction, of movement of fluids or of granulous or powder-like substances

Definitions

  • An object of the invention is to provide a device which prevents a leak of cooling medium to the atmosphere and which as a distinctive feature immediately when there is a leak of cooling medium in a cooling medium system will indicate and after a predetermined delay will start an alarm such that appropriate measures can be taken so as to quickly repair the leak and stop the discharge.
  • the device according to the invention comprises a microwave detector which is mounted outside of a sight glass which either is mounted in or soldered to the fluid conduit and through which the cooling medium flows. Altematively, the microwave detector and the sight glass are integrated and enclosed by a housing made of a material which does not transmit the microwaves. As a result false alarms due to external movements, such as from rotating fans, etc., are prevented.
  • the device is intended to be positioned after the drying filter, with respect to the flow direction in the fluid conduit. Since the microwave detector is positioned outside of the sight glass in the cooling medium system and because of that never will come into contact with the cooling medium fluid in the closed cooling system no problems of leaking can arise. Another advantage of the microwave detector is that no interference of the cooling medium system will occur, should an exchange be required.
  • the invention can be used also more in general for other purposes. Instead of indicating an unwanted existence of gas in a liquid also an unwanted existence of liquid in gas can be indicated. In connection with the food manufacturing industry many manufacturing and packaging processes exist for which the invention can be used to indicate quickly air bubbles in a fluid flow. In a similar way the invention can be used to indicate gases in petrol and liquids in different kinds of gas pipes.
  • a further application is in lacquering where the invention is used to check that there is no air within the paint conduits. In connection with heat exchangers any leaks between exchange mediums can be indicated. In the medical care many treatments where it is very important to check liquid flows and to indicate existence of gas or air in the liquid.
  • the working principle of the detector is that the receiver registers reflections of a signal that is transmitted from the transmitter. According to the Doppler effect this reflected signal will have a lower frequency if a reflecting object moves away from the detector and a higher frequency if the object approaches the transmitter.
  • the high frequency corresponds to a very short wave length which makes a very small relocation result in a large change of frequency which in turn makes the sensitivity very high.
  • the cooling medium a clear transparent liquid
  • a further advantage of the device is that a restriction or partial jamming of the drying filter will indicate gas bubbles formed in the sight glass therefrom which will make it possible to contact a service agency before there is any chance of damages to the plant or to any articles.
  • each system can be provided with the claimed device and all devices can be connected to a common alarm central, from which alarms can be forwarded as desired, for instance through the telecommunication network.
  • FIG 1 shows a device for detecting leakage of cooling media liquids in a cooling system
  • FIG 2 shows schematically a cooling media system
  • FIG 3 shows a device for detecting leakage of cooling media liquids in a cooling system
  • FIG 4 shows schematically an embodiment of the device in an alternative application.
  • a microwave detector 6 comprising transmitter S and receiver M, microwaves MV towards a sight glass 5 disposed in a fluid conduit 15.
  • microwaves pass glass G of the sight glass 5 they will strike gas bubbles GB and will be reflected towards receiver M that will record a change of frequency due to the movement of the gas bubbles.
  • the microwave detector will indicate the existence of gas bubbles and will activate an alarm central.
  • Element 14 will stop the microwaves from being affected by movements occurring outside said element, such as from rotating fan blades, etc., so as to avoid false alarms.
  • the microwave detector is an active detector comprising a transmitter and a receiver in one housing. The detector transmits and receives in a frequency area around 10 GHz.
  • FIG 2 schematically shows the invention in use in a cooling medium system in which a cooling medium in form of a high pressure vapour is pumped by a compressor 1 to a condenser 2.
  • a cooling medium in form of a high pressure vapour is pumped by a compressor 1 to a condenser 2.
  • the cooling medium is cooled and will transform into liquid state.
  • the liquid continues to a cooling medium container 3, then through fluid conduit 15, through a drying filter 4 and said sight glass 5 to an expansion valve 7.
  • the pressure of the cooling medium is lowered at which the medium will transform into vapour phase.
  • the vapour is then transferred by suction through liquid separator 9 back to the compressor 1.
  • the amount of liquid in the cooling medium container 3 is decreased and gas bubbles are generated and flows along with the cooling medium towards the expansion valve 7.
  • FIG 3 shows an alternative embodiment of a device according to the invention for detecting leakage of cooling medium liquid in a cooling system.
  • the function corresponds to the function described in connection with FIG 1 , one difference being that gas bubbles GB in this embodiment are forced against glass G of the sight glass 5 by an angular wall W.
  • a section G transparent to microwaves of a container 16 is provided at a desired level of the container.
  • the microwave arrangement according to the description above is provided to transmit microwave signals towards said section G. When the level of a liquid enclosed in a container 16 raises or falls past said section G the detector 6 will produce an indication thereof and emit an appropriate alarm signal.
  • FIG. 4 A container 16 is provided with some kind of sight glass 5. To the left of the figure there is shown a sight glass 5 disposed in a riser 17. To the right of the figure there is shown a sight glass 5 which instead is disposed in the wall of the container

Abstract

Method and device for indicating movements of gas bubbles in a liquid, droplets of liquid in a gas or a level of liquid, the liquid or the gas forming a medium in a conduit (15) or a container. Microwave signals of a predetermined frequency are transmitted through a section (G) of the conduit (15) or the container (16) that is pervious to microwaves toward said medium, and microwave signals reflected from the medium are received. Received microwave signals are then utilized to indicate presence of gas bubbles, droplets, or a level of a liquid moving in said conduit (15) or said container (16). Said conduit (15) is designed with a section (G) that is pervious to microwaves, and a microwave transmitter (S) is provided to transmit microwave signals towards said section (G). A microwave receiver (M) is provided to receive microwave signals that are reflected from the medium, and said microwave receiver (M) is operatively connected to a detector (6).

Description

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR LIQUID LEAKAGE INDICATION
Technical Field
It is common knowledge that large amounts of discharges having a high chloride content continuously are released to the atmosphere. These discharges will affect the ozone layer and cause a breakdown thereof resulting in so called ozone holes. In turn this will lead to an increase of radiation and also of the global heating level (greenhouse effect). A large amount of such discharges emanates from chlorine or fluorine compounds that are commonly used in connection with cooling mediums. Leaky refrigerating, air condition and freezing plants, heat pumps, etc. will cause major discharges and therefore it is extremely important that incipient leaks from such devices are detected in good time to make it possible to accomplish sealing and eliminating discharges.
Prior Art
One previously known method to indicate leakage of cooling mediums is to install a cooling medium alarm, such as a gas alarm. However, a disadvantage using this method of generating an alarm is that it will indicate only at a direct contact with the flow of cooling medium vapour (gas). As a result such means are normally installed in close connection to the refrigerating apparatus or alternatively in a refrigerating machine room. As a result of using a normal arrangement with different components comprised in the refrigerating system being located at a far distance from each other, said method is not satisfactory if the leak occurs for instance outside the refrigerating machine room or perhaps in a cooling battery in a cold storage that can be 30 o 40 meters away from the refrigerating machine room. There will also be no indication of leakage from condensers, tubes, etc. located outdoors. Another method of indication leakage of cooling mediums is to mount a detector indicating bubbles of gas within the fluid conduit. There is however a drawback using this kind of detector because it is partly mounted within the fluid conduit and therefore has to be sealed, for instance by a pipe nipple. Because of such a pipe nipple there is always a risk of a cooling medium leak. If there is a problem with the detector the cooling medium has to be moved into a cooling medium container of the refrigerating machine so as to exchange or repair the detector. Refrigerating machines lacking such a container have to be evacuated before exchange or repair. To avoid possible risks of cooling medium systems it is recommended by the national environment protection board to move from bolted joints to soldered joints, where it is possible, to provide tight systems.
Summary of the Invention
An object of the invention is to provide a device which prevents a leak of cooling medium to the atmosphere and which as a distinctive feature immediately when there is a leak of cooling medium in a cooling medium system will indicate and after a predetermined delay will start an alarm such that appropriate measures can be taken so as to quickly repair the leak and stop the discharge. The device according to the invention comprises a microwave detector which is mounted outside of a sight glass which either is mounted in or soldered to the fluid conduit and through which the cooling medium flows. Altematively, the microwave detector and the sight glass are integrated and enclosed by a housing made of a material which does not transmit the microwaves. As a result false alarms due to external movements, such as from rotating fans, etc., are prevented. The device is intended to be positioned after the drying filter, with respect to the flow direction in the fluid conduit. Since the microwave detector is positioned outside of the sight glass in the cooling medium system and because of that never will come into contact with the cooling medium fluid in the closed cooling system no problems of leaking can arise. Another advantage of the microwave detector is that no interference of the cooling medium system will occur, should an exchange be required. The invention can be used also more in general for other purposes. Instead of indicating an unwanted existence of gas in a liquid also an unwanted existence of liquid in gas can be indicated. In connection with the food manufacturing industry many manufacturing and packaging processes exist for which the invention can be used to indicate quickly air bubbles in a fluid flow. In a similar way the invention can be used to indicate gases in petrol and liquids in different kinds of gas pipes. A further application is in lacquering where the invention is used to check that there is no air within the paint conduits. In connection with heat exchangers any leaks between exchange mediums can be indicated. In the medical care many treatments where it is very important to check liquid flows and to indicate existence of gas or air in the liquid.
The working principle of the detector is that the receiver registers reflections of a signal that is transmitted from the transmitter. According to the Doppler effect this reflected signal will have a lower frequency if a reflecting object moves away from the detector and a higher frequency if the object approaches the transmitter. The high frequency corresponds to a very short wave length which makes a very small relocation result in a large change of frequency which in turn makes the sensitivity very high. During normal operating conditions the cooling medium, a clear transparent liquid
(corresponding to water), flows through the sight glass without any formation of gas. If however there is a leakage of the cooling medium gas bubbles will be formed and brought along the medium, which will be indicated by the microwave detector, and an alarm will be triggered. Since the gas bubbles will be formed immediately if the amount of cooling medium will drop, an extremely early alarm will be triggered and by fast measures large cooling medium amounts can be stopped from escaping and polluting the atmosphere. Furthermore, the properties of the device will result in savings to the user with regard to the costs for cooling media and minimized amounts of wasted foodstuffs. Also the latter should be interesting to such companies that are responsible for insurance matters. A further advantage of the device is that a restriction or partial jamming of the drying filter will indicate gas bubbles formed in the sight glass therefrom which will make it possible to contact a service agency before there is any chance of damages to the plant or to any articles. In a plant comprising a plurality of separate cooling systems each system can be provided with the claimed device and all devices can be connected to a common alarm central, from which alarms can be forwarded as desired, for instance through the telecommunication network.
Brief description of the drawings
The invention will now be described in more detail, reference being made to the accompanying drawings in which
FIG 1 shows a device for detecting leakage of cooling media liquids in a cooling system, FIG 2 shows schematically a cooling media system,
FIG 3 shows a device for detecting leakage of cooling media liquids in a cooling system, and FIG 4 shows schematically an embodiment of the device in an alternative application.
Detailed description
In the embodiment shown in FIG 1 a microwave detector 6, comprising transmitter S and receiver M, microwaves MV towards a sight glass 5 disposed in a fluid conduit 15. When said microwaves pass glass G of the sight glass 5 they will strike gas bubbles GB and will be reflected towards receiver M that will record a change of frequency due to the movement of the gas bubbles. Thus, the microwave detector will indicate the existence of gas bubbles and will activate an alarm central. When there are no gas bubbles present in the sight glass but only a flow of liquid through it the microwave detector will not react to circulating movements of the medium in the closed cooling system. Element 14 will stop the microwaves from being affected by movements occurring outside said element, such as from rotating fan blades, etc., so as to avoid false alarms.
When several detectors are located in the same refrigerating machine room they can use modulated carriers so as not to interfere with each other. Said element 14 can also be designed to prevent microwave signals from one detector from reaching other detectors. The microwave detector is an active detector comprising a transmitter and a receiver in one housing. The detector transmits and receives in a frequency area around 10 GHz.
FIG 2 schematically shows the invention in use in a cooling medium system in which a cooling medium in form of a high pressure vapour is pumped by a compressor 1 to a condenser 2. In said condenser 2 the cooling medium is cooled and will transform into liquid state. The liquid continues to a cooling medium container 3, then through fluid conduit 15, through a drying filter 4 and said sight glass 5 to an expansion valve 7. During the passage through the expansion valve 7 and an evaporator 8 the pressure of the cooling medium is lowered at which the medium will transform into vapour phase. The vapour is then transferred by suction through liquid separator 9 back to the compressor 1. When there is a leakage the amount of liquid in the cooling medium container 3 is decreased and gas bubbles are generated and flows along with the cooling medium towards the expansion valve 7. When these gas bubbles pass by the sight glass 5 this will be indicated by the microwave detector 6 which transmits a signal to an alarm central 10 which in turn after an adjustable time delay will forward the alarm to an alarm receiver 11. Normal disturbances occurring in the sight glass during starting and shutdown and also during intermittent operation of condenser fans will not trigger the alarm. These signals will have a too short duration and they will not exceed the adjustable time length chosen. As a result false alarms are avoided and the system will have an extreme adaptability to each separate working condition. During downtimes when there is no demand for cooling the indication of alarm can be automatically disconnected to be switched on automatically when the refrigerating compressor starts. Pumps 12 and 13 will pump an appropriate heat transfer medium through the condenser 2 and the evaporator 8 for receiving and transmitting, respectively, heat. FIG 3 shows an alternative embodiment of a device according to the invention for detecting leakage of cooling medium liquid in a cooling system. The function corresponds to the function described in connection with FIG 1 , one difference being that gas bubbles GB in this embodiment are forced against glass G of the sight glass 5 by an angular wall W. By using this type of sight glass an improved sensitivity is obtained because the sensitivity is higher when the gas bubbles flow towards and hit the glass of the sight glass. In further different embodiments of the invention a section G transparent to microwaves of a container 16 is provided at a desired level of the container. The microwave arrangement according to the description above is provided to transmit microwave signals towards said section G. When the level of a liquid enclosed in a container 16 raises or falls past said section G the detector 6 will produce an indication thereof and emit an appropriate alarm signal.
One example of such an embodiment is shown in FIG 4. A container 16 is provided with some kind of sight glass 5. To the left of the figure there is shown a sight glass 5 disposed in a riser 17. To the right of the figure there is shown a sight glass 5 which instead is disposed in the wall of the container

Claims

1. Method of indicating leakage of liquid, forming a medium in a conduit (15), c h a ra c t e ri s e d by transmitting microwave signals of a predetermined frequency through a section (G) pervious to said microwave signals of said conduit (15) or a container towards said medium, receiving microwave signals affected by movements of gas bubbles in the medium, and utilizing said received micro wave signals to indicate presence of gas bubbles passing by said pervious section (G) of the conduit (15).
2. Method according to claim 1 , including the steps of determining a change of frequency between transmitted and received microwave signals, an existence of such a change indicating presence of bubbles moving in the conduit (15).
3. Method according to claim 1 , including the steps of driving said gas bubbles to move close to said pervious section (G) of the conduit (15).
4. A device for indicating leakage of a liquid forming a medium in a conduit (15), c h a ra c t e ri s e d in that said conduit (15) or a container (16) is provided with a section (G) that is pervious to microwaves, that a microwave transmitter (S) is provided for transmitting microwave signals towards said section (G), that a microwave receiver (M) is provided to receive microwave signals that are reflected from the medium, that a housing (14) shielding said microwaves is provided to prevent interferences from the surroundings from reaching the receiver (M), and that said microwave receiver (M) is operatively connected to a detector (6) transmitting an indicating signal on existence of movement of gas bubbles in the liquid.
5. A device according to claim 4, wherein said detector (6) is designed to determine a change of frequency between transmitted and received microwave signals.
6. A device according to claim 4, wherein said transmitter (S) and said receiver (M) are designed to transmit and receive, respectively, in a frequency area around 10 GHz.
7. A device according to claim 4, wherein said transmitter (S) and said receiver (M) are provided outside the * conduit (15) or the container (16) without contact with the medium.
8. A device according to claim 4, wherein said conduit (15) is provided in a cooling medium system, and said section (G) being provided between a condenser (2) and an expansion valve (7).
9. A device according to claim 8, wherein said section (G) comprises a part of a sight glass (5) in an existing cooling medium system.
10. A device according to any of claims 4-9, wherein said detector (6) is operatively connected to an alarm central (10) and said alarm central (10) is designed to transmit an alarm to alarm receivers (11) after an adjustable time delay.
11. A device according to claim 4, wherein said housing (14) is formed as a box that can be disposed above an existing conduit (15) or part of or the complete container (16).
PCT/SE1996/001308 1995-10-16 1996-10-16 Method and device for liquid leakage indication WO1997014943A1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/051,626 US5974863A (en) 1995-10-16 1996-10-16 Method and device for liquid leakage indication
EP96935709A EP0856150B1 (en) 1995-10-16 1996-10-16 Method and device for liquid leakage indication
AU73526/96A AU7352696A (en) 1995-10-16 1996-10-16 Method and device for liquid leakage indication
DE69620901T DE69620901D1 (en) 1995-10-16 1996-10-16 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DISPLAYING LIQUID LEAKAGE
AT96935709T ATE216772T1 (en) 1995-10-16 1996-10-16 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETECTING FLUID LEAKS

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9501401A SE505122C2 (en) 1995-10-16 1995-10-16 Liquid leak detection apparatus, for cooling medium in conduit
SE9501401-5 1995-10-16
SE9601831-2 1996-05-14
SE9601831A SE507585C2 (en) 1995-10-16 1996-05-14 Liquid leak detection apparatus, for cooling medium in conduit - uses microwaves to detect bubbles, droplets or liquid level in conduit or container

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997014943A1 true WO1997014943A1 (en) 1997-04-24

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ID=26662275

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE1996/001308 WO1997014943A1 (en) 1995-10-16 1996-10-16 Method and device for liquid leakage indication

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5974863A (en)
EP (1) EP0856150B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE216772T1 (en)
AU (1) AU7352696A (en)
DE (1) DE69620901D1 (en)
SE (1) SE507585C2 (en)
WO (1) WO1997014943A1 (en)

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WO2009142831A1 (en) * 2008-05-21 2009-11-26 Justak John F Predictive maintenance method and apparatus for hvacr systems
US7905099B2 (en) 2008-05-21 2011-03-15 Justak John F Predictive maintenance method and apparatus for HVACR systems
ITBA20110034A1 (en) * 2011-06-23 2012-12-24 Monitech S R L Monitoring Techno Logies APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR DETECTION AND LOCALIZATION OF LOSSES AND FAILURES IN UNDERGROUND CONDUCT
EP2538192A1 (en) * 2011-06-23 2012-12-26 Monitech SRL Monitoring Technologies Apparatus and method for detection and localization of leaks and faults in underground pipes
EP3764073A1 (en) * 2019-07-12 2021-01-13 Vaillant GmbH Method and device for detecting and evaluating bubbles in a liquid in a circuit, especially in a heat pump system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0856150A1 (en) 1998-08-05
SE9601831D0 (en) 1996-05-14
AU7352696A (en) 1997-05-07
SE507585C2 (en) 1998-06-22
EP0856150B1 (en) 2002-04-24
US5974863A (en) 1999-11-02
ATE216772T1 (en) 2002-05-15
DE69620901D1 (en) 2002-05-29
SE9601831L (en) 1997-04-17

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