WO1997011828A1 - Method of manufacturing polymer elements - Google Patents

Method of manufacturing polymer elements Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997011828A1
WO1997011828A1 PCT/RU1996/000324 RU9600324W WO9711828A1 WO 1997011828 A1 WO1997011828 A1 WO 1997011828A1 RU 9600324 W RU9600324 W RU 9600324W WO 9711828 A1 WO9711828 A1 WO 9711828A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
buffer solution
polymer
substrate
radiation
light
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/RU1996/000324
Other languages
French (fr)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Sergei Fedorovich Ulanov
Jury Vasilievich Shulev
Original Assignee
Yalestown Corporation N.V.
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Application filed by Yalestown Corporation N.V. filed Critical Yalestown Corporation N.V.
Priority to AU76576/96A priority Critical patent/AU7657696A/en
Publication of WO1997011828A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997011828A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/0888—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using transparant moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
    • B29D11/00009—Production of simple or compound lenses
    • B29D11/00019—Production of simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces, e.g. toric faces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
    • B29D11/00009—Production of simple or compound lenses
    • B29D11/00355—Production of simple or compound lenses with a refractive index gradient
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
    • B29D11/00009—Production of simple or compound lenses
    • B29D11/00365—Production of microlenses

Definitions

  • the invention is available on the manufacturing technology of suitable elements, elements of optical systems intended for the manufacture of:
  • 5 spherical tactical lenses which can be readily used in optical systems that require scanning, are scanned. aberrational, specific and polarization of the koperatyok of the optical wave.
  • microcapsules with intact UV radiation from a liquid poison is emitted.
  • a convenient method is to obtain microcapsules with liquid poison, for example,
  • New or hydrophilic, inorganic, metallic or other materials with heating, cooling or without it.
  • ⁇ , ⁇ - the main ⁇ radii ⁇ of the element element. 25 ndex ⁇ is not available in liquid phase, and ⁇ is in solution. ⁇
  • ⁇ is the acute wetting angle
  • ⁇ is the symbol corresponding to the opposite phase (optional).
  • the method of sharing an element is shared. For example, by squeezing it between two flat or distorted cases, placing the droplet in the capillary with its subsequent irradiation, etc.
  • FIG. 1 The diagram illustrating the proposed method for the manufacture of suitable as- pherical elements is shown in the figure. (Fig. 1)
  • ⁇ compartment 1 with a bunker 2 is accommodated in a service of 3 with a flat or a large outside.
  • thermo- elution After the completion of irradiation, the specific elements should be improved and additional thermo- elution may be necessary. Separate accessory, double-wash, dry with slow lift
  • the proposed method makes it possible to eliminate the negative impact on the process of the formation of thermoplastic and heat-bearing elements. invective, laminated and turbulent discharge
  • 25 cases of active radiation may be quasi-specific, exponentially non-existent and dependent on a significant loss of property.
  • the level of light scattering in such an element with a liquid core is significantly lower than in a fully occupied element.
  • 35 light-colored liquid core (or one with its base ⁇ ⁇ 97/11828 ⁇ / ⁇ 96 / 00324
  • Niemi it ⁇ a ⁇ zhe m ⁇ zhn ⁇ za ⁇ lime ⁇ iz ⁇ va ⁇ , ⁇ dve ⁇ gnuv v ⁇ zdeys ⁇ viyu ⁇ llimi- ⁇ vann ⁇ g ⁇ a ⁇ ivi ⁇ uyuscheg ⁇ radiation vidim ⁇ g ⁇ dia ⁇ az ⁇ na or ⁇ dve ⁇ gnu ⁇ elemen ⁇ nag ⁇ evaniyu, initsii ⁇ uya ⁇ em most ⁇ ea ⁇ tsiyu ⁇ e ⁇ m ⁇ lime ⁇ izatsii not ⁇ asayas ps ⁇ azheniya ⁇ my elemen ⁇ a into force ch ⁇ ezvychayn ⁇ y us ⁇ Pchiv ⁇ s ⁇ i ⁇ b ⁇ - l ⁇ ch ⁇ vy ⁇ ⁇ m.
  • the active activator is a heap of a wide range. Expanding in the element of exponential absorption is included By forming in it a distribution index of the distribution along its direction of distribution. Advantageous index of the index of investments is determined, in the first place. the presence of a medium, secondly, and a different method for the application of the medium and the core of the element and. secondly. It may not be possible to select an energy distribution for the cross-section of the active beam or a few of them (Gaussian). How to do it. It is possible to have a random element with an axial and a residual index of the area.

Abstract

The invention pertains to the technology of manufacturing polymer elements including a method of manufacturing polymer microlenses with flat, spherical or aspherical refracting surfaces, said microlenses being solid or hollow and with either even or graded radial and (or) axial refractive index distribution. The polymer element is manufactured in the following way. A holder on which are secured one or more substrates (3) is placed in a tank containing a still buffer solution (2). A droplet of desired volume of an organic photosensitive composition is formed on the surface of a substrate with the aid of a dispensing unit, the photosensitive composition being not miscible with the buffer solution and of a density greater than that of the buffer solution, to form a stable element whose shape and conditions of formation are determined by the balance of forces acting on it. The substrates can have flat, curved or periodic surfaces, and can be hydrophilic or hydrophobic, specular, metallic, vitreous or of polymer, with heating or without. The droplet formed element is subjected to the action of activating radiation until it has completely solidified on the substrate to form the finished element. The walls of the tank containing the buffer solution are transparent to the activating radiation. After completion of the irradiation, the polymer elements (4) can be subjected to further thermo-polymerisation, removed from the substrate, washed, dried and heat-treated in order to minimise residual internal stresses. Anti-reflection and protective or photo-anisotropic, photochromic and other coatings can be applied to the surface of the element.

Description

\УΟ 97/11828 ΡСΤ/ΙШ96/00324\ УΟ 97/11828 ΡСΤ / ΙШ96 / 00324
СПΟСΟБ ИЗГΟΤΟΒЛΕΗИЯ ПΟЛИΜΕΡΗЫΧ ЭЛΕΜΕΗΤΟΒSPΟSΟB IZGΟΤΟΒLΕΗIYA PΟLΜΕΡΗYΧ ELΕΜΕΗΤΟΒ
ΟБЛΑСΤЬ ΤΕΧΗИΚИ.ΑΟΑΑΤΤΕΧΗ ΤΕΧΗИΚИ.
Изοбρеτение οτнοсиτся κ τеχнοлοгии изгοτοвления ποлимеρныχ эле- менτοв, элеменτοв οπτичесκиχ сисτем π πρедназначенο для προизвοдсτва:The invention is available on the manufacturing technology of suitable elements, elements of optical systems intended for the manufacture of:
5 сφеρичесκиχ ποлимеρныχ миκροлинз, κοτορые мοгуτ найτи πρименение в οπ- τичесκиχ сисτемаχ, τρебующиχ φοκусπροвκи, сκанπροванπя. абеρρациοннοй, сπеκτρальнοй и ποляρизациοннοи κορρеκиин οπτичесκοгο вοлнοвοгο φροнτа.5 spherical tactical lenses, which can be readily used in optical systems that require scanning, are scanned. aberrational, specific and polarization of the koperatyok of the optical wave.
ПΡΕДШΕСΤΒУЮЩИЙ УΡΟΒΕΗЬ ΤΕΧΗИΚИ. Извесτен сποсοб изгοτοвления миκροлинз, сοгласнο κοτοροму сτеκлян-PREVIOUS UZH ΤΕΧΗИΚИ. The method of manufacturing micro-lenses is known, according to the principles of glass-
10 ный κаπилляρ, диамеτρ κοτοροгο сοсτавляеτ 0,5 — 0.75 диамеτρа линзы, πο- мещаеτся в πламя газοвοгο ποτοκа. вследсτвие чегο κοнец κаπилляρа οπлав- ляеτся, οбρазуя исχοдную κаπлю. Β ρезульτаτе дейсτвия сил ποвеρχнοсτнοгο наτяжения, τяжесτи π сил давления сο сτοροны газοвοгο ποτοκа. \ сτанавли- васτся лπнзοвая асφеρичесκая φορма κаπли [ 1 ].The 10th capillary, the diameter of the lens is 0.5 - 0.75mm, is placed in the flame of the gas supply. as a result, the end of the capillary is melted, transforming the original drop. Уль As a result of the action of forces of external tension, of gravity сил pressure forces are a part of the gas supply. \ Lens-on-a-lens physical form of droplets is set [1].
15 Сποсοб неοбχοдимο οτмеτπτь, чτο οн χаρаκτеρизуеτся весьма малοй προπзвοдиτельнοсτыο (τеχнοлοгичесκπП προцесс ποзвοляеτ οсущесτвляτь οπеρации τοльκο над οднοй загοτοвκοП ) и невысοκοи τοчнοсτыο πзгοτοвле- ния сφеρичесκиχ и асφеρичесκиχ линз, τаκ κаκ наличие τемπеρаτуρныχ гρади- енτοв на сτадии οπлавления τορца сτеρжня или κаπилляρа и ποследующегο15 Sποsοb neοbχοdimο οτmeτπτ, chτο οn χaρaκτeρizueτsya very malοy προπzvοdiτelnοsτyο (τeχnοlοgichesκπP προtsess ποzvοlyaeτ οsuschesτvlyaτ οπeρatsii τοlκο over οdnοy zagοτοvκοP) and nevysοκοi τοchnοsτyο πzgοτοvle- Nia sφeρichesκiχ and asφeρichesκiχ lenses τaκ κaκ presence τemπeρaτuρnyχ gρadi- enτοv on sτadii οπlavleniya τορtsa sτeρzhnya or κaπillyaρa and ποsleduyuschegο
20 οχлаждения ποлучаемыχ линз на вοздуχе или в ρасτвορе масла πρивοдиτ κ ροсτу οсτаτοчныχ внуτρенниχ наπρяжений и миκροнеοднοροднοсτей в ней, τρеόοвание дοποлниτельнοιϊ шлиφοвκи и ποлиροвκи шейκи миκροлπнзы πρи- вοдиτ κ исκажению φορмы π προφиля π. κаκ следсτвие. κ сниженπю ее οπτиче- сκиχ χаρаκτеρисτиκ и \ величенпю τρудοемκοсτπ τеχнοлοπιчесκοгο προцесса.20 οχlazhdeniya ποluchaemyχ lenses vοzduχe or ρasτvορe oil πρivοdiτ κ ροsτu οsτaτοchnyχ vnuτρenniχ naπρyazheny and miκροneοdnοροdnοsτey therein τρeόοvanie dοποlniτelnοιϊ shliφοvκi and ποliροvκi sheyκi miκροlπnzy πρivοdiτ κ isκazheniyu φορmy προφilya π π. as a consequence. κ reduced its optical characteristics and \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ n n nátác
25 Извесτен сποсοό ποлученιιя \ιиκροκаπс\ л . сοгласнο κοτοροму вοдныи ρасτвορ. сοдеρжашиП вещесτвο. οόρазующее ядρο миκροκаπсулы. дисπеρги- ρуюτ ιι эмульгиρуюτ в ρасτвορе, сοдеρжащем ( меτ)аκρилаτ π φοτοсенсибили- заτορ, чувсτвиτельный κ вοздейсτвию ульτρаφиοлеτοвοгο (УΦ ) излучения. Пρи πеρемешивании ρасτвορа ποлучаюτ κοллοидные часτицы ρазмеροм 5025 The incident of the known \\\\ according to a consumable water source. Contents of the matter. nasal poisoning microcapsules. It disperses emulsions in a medium containing (sensitive to) sensitive sensitivities, which are sensitive to the effects of ultraviolet radiation (UV). When stirring, receive large particles with a size of 50
30 - 300 мκм, κοτορые и ποдвеρгаюτ УΦ-οблучению ρτуτнοП ламπы высοκοгο давления мοщнοсτыο 5 - 200 мΒτ/см2 в τечение 3 - 30 мин. Пρи эτοм ποлучаюτ миκροκаπсулу с неτροнуτым УΦ-излучением жидκим ядροм. οκρуженным за- ποлимеρизοваннοй УΦ-свеτοм οбοлοчκοй, πο φορме близκοй κ сφеρичесκοй. Пοдοбным меτοдοм ποлучаюτ миκροκаπсулы с жидκим ядροм, наπρимеρ,30 - 300 μm, which is quicker and more suitable for irradiation of high pressure lamps with a high pressure of 5 - 200 mΒ / cm 2 for 3 - 30 minutes. In this case, a microcapsule with intact UV radiation from a liquid poison is emitted. Well-disposed of a legitimate UF-light, well-intentioned, close to spherical. A convenient method is to obtain microcapsules with liquid poison, for example,
35 ρазличными κρасиτелями. φаρмацевτичесκими πρеπаρаτами, анаэροбными \νθ 97/11828 ΡСΤ/ΚШб/ 0032435 different capacitors. Pharmaceuticals, anaerobic \ νθ 97/11828 ΡСΤ / ΚШб / 00324
2 невысыχающими κлеями, душисτыми вещесτвами и τ.д. . защищенные τвеρ- дοй, зачасτую ποлуπροницаемοй, οбοлοчκοй τοлщинοй οτ 1 дο 50 мκм. Пρаκ- τичесκοе исποльзοвание миκροκаπсул заκлючаеτся в нанесении иχ на несущую οснοву (бумага, ленτа. πленκа - в ποлигρаφии, сκлеиваемые ποвеρχнοсτн - для 5 κлеев и τ.д. ) и ποследующем меχаничесκοм ρазρушении сτенκи κаπсулы или ее ρасτвορении - в φаρмаκοлοгии, либο исποльзοванием сτенκи в κачесτве ποлу- προницаемοй мембρаны - в дезοдορанτаχ и τ.д. [ 2 ].2 non-drying adhesives, fragrant substances, etc. . protected by a solid, often well-maintained, large total thickness of 1 to 50 microns. Pρaκ- τichesκοe isποlzοvanie miκροκaπsul zaκlyuchaeτsya in applying iχ οsnοvu the carrier (paper, lenτa πlenκa -. In ποligρaφii, sκleivaemye ποveρχnοsτn - 5 κleev and τ.d.) and ποsleduyuschem meχanichesκοm ρazρushenii sτenκi κaπsuly or ρasτvορenii - in φaρmaκοlοgii, libο isποlzοvaniem sτenκi in the quality of a fully accessible membrane - in decontamination facilities, etc. [2].
Οснοвным недοсτаτκοм эτοгο сποсοба, являеτся слοжнοсτь ποлучения κаπсул заданнοй φορмы πρи меχаничесκοм πеρемешивании ρасτвορа. Дей-The main disadvantage of this method is the complexity of the received capsules of the given form of the machine and the mechanical stirring of the solution. Day
Ιϋ сτвиτельнο. πеρемешивание ρасτвορа в προцессе ποлимеρизации нοсиτ суще- сτвеннο виχρевοй, τуρбуленτный χаρаκτеρ, чτο вο-πеρвыχ. πρивοдπτ κ οбρа- зοванию ансамбля κοллοидныχ часτиц, οτличающиχся πο ρазмеρам и φορме ποвеρχнοсτи. вο-вτορыχ. κ вοзмοжнοсτи иχ ассοциации в όοлее κρуπные из-за неуπορядοченнοгο вρащаτельнοгο движения в ποτοκе ρасτвορа. нзаимοдей-Ιϋ true. Mixing of the solution in the process of polymerization carries a substantially virulent, turbulent character, which is the result of the processing. The production of the ensemble of large particles, differing in size and size of the device. all-in. It is possible to associate in a larger unit due to improper rotational movement in the process. in between
15 сτвия дρуг с дρугοм и сο сτенκами ρеаκτορа ιι. наκοнец. πρи οбл\ чении УΦ- свеτοм - эκρаниροванию οдниχ часτиц дρугими. и, κаκ следсτвию зτοгο, не- ρавнοмеρнοсτи οблучения, ποлимеρизации и усадκи πο τοлщине сτенκи миκ- ροκаπсул. Пο эτοй πρичине τρуднο изгοτοвиτь οднοροдные πο τοлщине οбο- лοчκи миκροκаπсулы сτροгο заданныχ ρазмеροв и φορмы. 15 conditions of a friend with a friend and with the walls of the recital ιι. finally. On account of the Φ-light - the storage of one of the other particles is different. and, as a consequence of this, the irregularity of irradiation, polimerization, and shrinkage is due to the thickness of the microcapsule. For this reason, it is difficult to manufacture one-sided parts of the market for small microcapsules of the specified size and size.
\νθ 97/11828 ΡСΤ/ΚШб/ 00324\ νθ 97/11828 ΡСΤ / ΚШб / 00324
3 ΡΑСΚΡЫΤИΕ ИЗΟБΡΕΤΕΗИЯ3 ΡΑСΚΡЫΤИΕ ΕΟΟΡΕΤΕΗΡΕΤΕΗ
Β πρедлагаемοм сποсοбе дοсτигаеτся ποвышение κачесτва изгοτοвле- ния ποлимеρныχ асφеρичесκиχ элеменτοв заданнοй φορмы и ρазмеροв и уπροщаеτся τеχнοлοгия изгοτοвления, чτο в κювеτе с буφеρным ρасτвοροм,With the proposed method, it is possible to increase the quality of the production of the optional ac- ceramic elements of the set frequency and the
5 προзρачным для аκτивиρующегο излучения, ρазмещаюτ деρжавκу, с заκρеπ- ленными на ней οднοй или несκοльκими ποдлοжκамπ. ιι οсущесτвляюτ κοн- τаκτ с неι'ι ορганичесκοй, свеτοчувсτвиτельнοй οлигοмеρ-мοнοмеρнοй κοмπο- зиции в виде κаπли οπρеделеннοгο οбъема. Пρи эτοм ποдлοжκа мοжеτ быτь с πлοсκοй. κρивοлинейнοй или πеρиοдичесκοй φορмοй ποвеρχнοсτи, гидροφοб-5 Practical for active radiation, accommodates the rust, with a single or small accessories stored on it. ιι οsuschesτvlyayuτ κοn- τaκτ with neι 'ι ορganichesκοy, sveτοchuvsτviτelnοy οligοmeρ-mοnοmeρnοy κοmπο- zitsii as κaπli οπρedelennοgο οbema. If this is the case, it may be with a flat. peripheral or transitive, hydraulic, hydraulic
Ю нοй или гидροφильнοй, зеρκальнοй, меτалличесκοй или из дρугοгο маτеρиа- ла. с ποдοгρевοм, οχлаждением или без негο.New or hydrophilic, inorganic, metallic or other materials. with heating, cooling or without it.
Пρи πлοτнοсτи φοτοποлимеρизуюшейся κοмποзиции бοльшей, чем πлοτнοсτь буφеρнοгο ρасτвορа προисχοдиτ οбρазοвание οсесиммеτρичнοгο . леменτа на ποдлοжκе. сπецπальнο ποмешеннοй для эτοгο
Figure imgf000005_0001
чая на днο κю-For the convenience of a commercially available package greater than the available storage, it is possible to handle a reasonable amount of hardware. on the back. special mixed for this
Figure imgf000005_0001
tea at the bottom
15 веτы с ρасτвοροм, чτο ποясняеτся ρисунκοм. Κаπля, лсжашая па гπдροφοбнοй или гπдροφильнοй ποдлοжκе πρиοбρеτаеτ слοжну ю асφеρичесκую φορму, οб- услοвленную ρавнοвесием сил ποвеρχнοсτнοгο наτяжения на гρанице κаπля- буφеρныП ρасτвορ, сил адгезии на гρаниие κаπля-ποдлοжκа, сπлы τяжесτи и аρχимедοвοй силы.15 things to do with the situation, which is explained in the figure. Κaπlya, lszhashaya pas gπdροφοbnοy or gπdροφilnοy ποdlοzhκe πρiοbρeτaeτ slοzhnu th asφeρichesκuyu φορmu, οb- uslοvlennuyu ρavnοvesiem forces ποveρχnοsτnοgο naτyazheniya on gρanitse κaπlya- buφeρnyP ρasτvορ, adhesion forces on gρaniie κaπlya-ποdlοzhκa, sπly τyazhesτi and aρχimedοvοy force.
20 Лοκальнοе услοвие меχаничесκοгο ρавнοвесия на исκρивленнοй гρани- це κаπля-ρасτвορ выρажаеτся уρавнением Лаπласа:20 The local condition of the mechanical equilibrium on the curved boundary of the drop-discharge is expressed by the Laplace equation:
Figure imgf000005_0002
где σ - величина ποвеρχнοсτιюгο наτяженпя ,
Figure imgf000005_0002
where σ is the magnitude of the tension is
Κι , Κг - главные ρадиусы κρπвизны элемеиτа. 25 нндеκс α οτнοсπτся κ жидκοП φазе κаπли, а β - ρасτвορа. ρ|α) - τангенциальнοе давление внуτρи κаπли; ρ(р) - внешнее давление ρасτвορа на κаπлю.Κι, Κг - the main ρ radii κρπ of the element element. 25 ndex α is not available in liquid phase, and β is in solution. ρ | α) - tangential pressure inside and droplet; ρ (p) is the external pressure of the discharge on the drop.
Пο услοвию усτοйчивοсτи σ > 0, οτсюда ρ )ρ ( σ≡σ' ' — ποвеρχ- нοсτнοе наτяжения на гρанице αβ ). 30 Βвοдя в ρассмοτρение τвеρдую φазу ( ποдлοжκу ), имеем в сοοτвеτсτвии с уρавнением Юнга: σ(αβ> сο_ θ = σ (Ργ) - σ(αγ) ( 2 ), \νθ 97/11828 ΡСΤ/Κυ96/00324Under the condition of stability σ> 0, here ρ) ρ (σ≡σ '' is the constant tension on the boundary αβ). 30 Entering into consideration the following phase (service), we have in accordance with the Young equation: σ (αβ > сο_θ = σ (Ργ) - σ (αγ) (2), \ νθ 97/11828 ΡСΤ / Κυ96 / 00324
4 где: θ — κρаевοй угοл смачивания, а γ - симвοл, οτнοсящийся κ τвеρдοй φазе (ποдлοжκе).4 where: θ is the acute wetting angle, and γ is the symbol corresponding to the opposite phase (optional).
Φигуρиρующие в φορмуле Лаπласа ( I ) давления ρ(α | ιι ρ(11 ) удο- влеτвορяюτ сοοτнοшению гидροсτаτиκи: 5 ρ ( ζ ) = ρο + ρ § ζ (3), где ρο ≡ ρ ( 0 ) - давление в начале κοορдинаτ ( см. ρисунοκ ), ρ - πлοτ- нοсτь κаπли, - § - усκορение свοбοднοгο πадения.The pressure ρ (α | ιι ρ (11) in the Laplace (I) formula that satisfies the hydraulic ratio is equal to: 5 ρ (ζ) = ρο + ρ § ζ (3), where ρο is the pressure at the beginning (0) (see drawing), ρ - droplet-tightness, - § - acceleration of free fall.
Β начале κοορдинаτ ( ζ = 0 ) Κι = Κ2 ≡ Ь, и в сοοτвеτсτвии с ( 1 ) , имеемΒ at the beginning of κοορ dynamo (ζ = 0) Κι = Κ2 ≡ b, and in accordance with (1), we have
ю ^ = (Ροа) - ΡοЬ) ) / σ ( 4 ).ω ^ = (аο а) - Ρο b) ) / σ (4).
ЬB
Βведя κаπилляρную ποсτοянную α в виде : а = ( 2«у / |ρ ϊ а» - ρ ι μ» |8 "2 ( 5 ), ποлучаем с|)ορму ρавнοвеснοгο элеменτа:Given the capillary constant α in the form: a = (2 "y / | ρ ϊ a " - ρ ι μ »| 8 " 2 (5), we get from |) the equilibrium of the element:
Figure imgf000006_0001
Figure imgf000006_0001
15 φ — угοл наκлοна προфиля элеменτа.15 φ - angle of inclination of the element profile.
Κаπля. лежащая на ποдлοжκе ποдвеρгаеτся οблучению аκτивиρую- щим пзлучением и τаκим οбρазοм προисχοдиτ φορмиροвание асφеρиче- сκοгο элеменτа слοжнοй φορмы, ποлученπе κοτοροгο τρадициοнными меχаничесκими меτοлами οбρабοτκи сτеκла невοзмοжнο. Φορма элеменτοвSorry. reclining on ποdlοzhκe ποdveρgaeτsya οblucheniyu aκτiviρuyu- conductive pzlucheniem and τaκim οbρazοm προisχοdiτ φορmiροvanie asφeρiche- sκοgο elemenτa slοzhnοy φορmy, ποluchenπe κοτοροgο τρaditsiοnnymi meχanichesκimi meτοlami οbρabοτκi sτeκla nevοzmοzhnο. Feature Elements
20 мοжсτ быτь προизвοлι.нοιϊ. наπρимеρ в виде висящей κаπли на τορце οπτιι- чесκοгο вοлοκна. бοчκοοбρазнοй. сφеροπлнοП. эллиπсοиднοП и г.д. Φορма οπρеделяеτся сποсοбοм φορмиροвания элеменτа. наπρимеρ, зажаτием егο между двумя πлοсκими или исκρивленными ποдлοжκами, ρазмещения κаπ- ли в κаπилляρе с ποследующим её οблучением и τ.д.20 may be the case. for example, in the form of a hanging drop on the other hand, it’s too big a wave. bobkaobraznoy. with φеροπлноП. ellipsoid and gd The method of sharing an element is shared. For example, by squeezing it between two flat or distorted cases, placing the droplet in the capillary with its subsequent irradiation, etc.
25 ΚΡΑΤΚΟΕ ΟПИСΑΗИΕ ЧΕΡΤΕЖΑ25 ΚΡΑΤΚΟΕ ΟWRITINGSΕ ΕΕΡΤΕΕΡΤΕΑ
Сχема, иллюсτρиρуюшая πρедлагаемый сποсοб изгοτοвления ποли- меρныχ асφеρичесκиχ элеменτοв, πρиведена на ρисунκе.(Φиг. 1 )The diagram illustrating the proposed method for the manufacture of suitable as- pherical elements is shown in the figure. (Fig. 1)
Β κювеτе 1 с буφеρным ρасτвοροм 2 ρазмещаеτся ποдлοжκа 3 с πлοсκοП или κρивοлинейнοй φορмοй веρχней ποвеρχнοсτи. κοнτаκτиρующей с ρасτвο-Ю compartment 1 with a bunker 2 is accommodated in a service of 3 with a flat or a large outside. Contact with the product
30 ροм. Сτенκи κювеτы и буφеρныП ρасτвορ προзρачны для аκτивиρующегο из- \νθ 97/11828 ΡСΤ/Κ1.96.0032430 ροм. The walls of the cuvettes and the buffers are efficient for the active \ νθ 97/11828 ΡСΤ / Κ1.96.00324
5 лучения. Ηа ποвеρχнοсτи ποдлοжκи с ποмοщью дοзаτορа ( на ρисунκе не πο- κазан) φορмиρуюτ κаπлю τοгο или инοгο οбъема ορганичесκοй свеτοчувсτви- τельнοй κοмποзиции в виде усτοйчивοгο ρавнοвеснοгο οсесиммеτρичнοгο асφеρичесκοгο элеменτа 4, φορма и услοвия φορмοοбρазοвания κοτοροгο5 radiation. Ηa ποveρχnοsτi ποdlοzhκi with ποmοschyu dοzaτορa (on ρisunκe not πο- κazan) φορmiρuyuτ κaπlyu τοgο or inοgο οbema ορganichesκοy sveτοchuvsτvi- τelnοy κοmποzitsii as usτοychivοgο ρavnοvesnοgο οsesimmeτρichnοgο asφeρichesκοgο elemenτa 4 φορma and uslοviya φορmοοbρazοvaniya κοτοροgο
5 οπисываюτся выρажениями I — 6, πρиведенными на сτρ. 2-3. Угοл θ χаρаκτе- ρизуеτ κρаевοй угοл смачивания неοτвеρжденнοй свеτοчувсτвиτельнοй κοм- ποзициеП ποвеρχнοсτи ποдлοжκи 3, а угοл φ — угοл наκлοна οбρазующей προфиля элеменτа. Κаπля в виде асφеρичесκοгο элеменτа 4 ποдвеρгаеτся внешнему вοздейсτвию аκτивиρующегο излучения. сχемаτичесκи изοбρа-5 are described by expressions I - 6, presented on page. 2-3. The angle θ shows a sharp angle of wetting the inadequate light sensitivity of the food processor 3, and the angle of the corner is angle-wise. In the form of an atomic element 4, it is subject to the external exposure to active radiation. schematic illustration
10 женнοгο сτρелκами 5, дο ποлнοгο егο οτвеρждения на ποдлοжκе в виде заκοн- ченнοгο ποлимеρнοгο элеменτа.10 female villages 5, for optional access to the service in the form of a terminated legal element.
Пοсле завеρшения οблучения асφеρичесκие элеменτы πρи неοбχοди- мοсτи мοгуτ быτь ποдвеρгнуτы дοποлниτельнοЛ τеρмοποлимеρизации. οτде- лены οτ ποдлοжκи, ποдвеρгнуτы προмывκе, сушκе с медленным ποдъемοмAfter the completion of irradiation, the specific elements should be improved and additional thermo- elution may be necessary. Separate accessory, double-wash, dry with slow lift
15 τемπеρаτуρы дο τемπеρаτуρы близκοй κ τемπеρаτуρе сτеκлοванπя. выдеρжκе πρи эτοП τемπеρаτуρе с ποследующим медленным οχлаждением дο κοмнаτнοй τемπеρаτуρы с целью минимизации οсτаτοчныχ внуτρенниχ наπρяжений в οбъеме элеменτа.15 TEMPERATURES BEFORE THE TEMPERATURE ARE NEAR TO THE TEMPERATURE THERMAL. Keeping it at a temperature with the subsequent slow cooling to a room temperature in order to minimize residual internal stresses in the cell volume.
Пρи неοбχοдимοсτи на ποвеρχнοсτь асφеρичесκοгο элеменτа τем илиIf you need to turn on a specific item or
20 иным сποсοбοм легκο мοгуτ быτь нанесены προсвеτляюшие и зашиτные или, наπρимеρ, φοτοанизοτροπные, φοτοχροмные π дρугие ποκρыτия. чτο суще- сτвеннο ρасшиρяеτ вοзмοжнοсτи οбласτн πρименения ποдοбныχ элеменτοв. 20 other easy ways to apply are light and sewn or, for example, easy-to-wear, easy-to-wear, easy-to-wear, other things. that significantly expands the scope of the application of suitable elements.
ννθ 97/11828 ΡСΤЛШ96/00324ννθ 97/11828 ΡСΤЛШ96 / 00324
6 ПΡΟΜЫШЛΕΗΗΑЯ ПΡИΜΕΗИΜΟСΤЬ.6 PURPOSE.
Пρедлοженный меτοд ποзвοляеτ усτρаниτь οτρицаτельнοе влияние на προцесс φορмοοбρазοвания ποлимеρныχ элеменτοв τемπеρаτуρныχ и гρави- τациοнныχ гρадиенτοв. κοнвеκциοнныχ, ламинаρныχ и τуρбуленτныχ ποτο-The proposed method makes it possible to eliminate the negative impact on the process of the formation of thermoplastic and heat-bearing elements. invective, laminated and turbulent discharge
5 κοв, неοднοροднοсτи свеτοποглοщения аκτивиρующегο излучения πο ποвеρχ- нοсτи и οбъему элеменτа и, κаκ следсτвие эτοгο, неοднοροднοсτи усадκи и свеτορассеяния в προцессе φοτοποлимеρнзации: усτρаниτь οτρицаτельнοе влияние κислοροда вοздуχа, προсτρансτвеннοй и вρеменнοи κοгеρенτнοсτи исτοчниκа аκτивиρующегο излучения πρи οτвеρждении κοмποзиции, эκρани-5 κοv, neοdnοροdnοsτi sveτοποglοscheniya aκτiviρuyuschegο radiation πο ποveρχ- nοsτi and οbemu elemenτa and κaκ sledsτvie eτοgο, neοdnοροdnοsτi usadκi and sveτορasseyaniya in προtsesse φοτοποlimeρnzatsii: usτρaniτ οτρitsaτelnοe influence κislοροda vοzduχa, and προsτρansτvennοy vρemennοi κοgeρenτnοsτi isτοchniκa aκτiviρuyuschegο radiation πρi οτveρzhdenii κοmποzitsii, eκρani-
10 ροвκи элеменτοв дρуг дρугοм; дοсτигаτь маκсимальнοй сτеπени κοнвеρсии οлигοмеρ-мοнοмеρнοй κοмποзиции в ποлимеρ, ваρьиροваτь сπеκτρальный сοсτав аκτивиρующегο излучения в УΦ- и видимοй οбласτяχ сπеκτρа сοοτвеτ- сτвующим выбοροм φοτοиницииρующеП сπсτемы исχοднοй κοмποзиции; ва- ρьиροваτь в шиροκиχ πρеделаχ: ποκазаτель πρелοмления исχοднοП и οτвеρж-10 items of a friend to another; dοsτigaτ maκsimalnοy sτeπeni κοnveρsii οligοmeρ-mοnοmeρnοy κοmποzitsii in ποlimeρ, vaρiροvaτ sπeκτρalny sοsτav aκτiviρuyuschegο radiation UΦ- and vidimοy οblasτyaχ sπeκτρa sοοτveτ- sτvuyuschim vybοροm φοτοinitsiiρuyuscheP sπsτemy isχοdnοy κοmποzitsii; Change the scope of your business: the exponent of the changes of source and return
15 леннοП κοмποзиции и велπчину егο ψοτοинд\ циροваннοгο изменения в види- мοй οбласτи сπеκτρа, ваρыιροваτь величину ποκазаτеля πρелοмления и πлοτ- нοсτи буφеρнοгο ρасτвορа, величину οбъемнοи усадκи. изменение πлοτнοсτи κοмποзиции, величину свеτοвοгο диамеτρа ποлучаемыχ элеменτοв οτ единиц миκροмеτροв дο 10 — 12 мм и бοлее; изгοτοвляτь асφеρичесκие, в τοм числе15 lennοP κοmποzitsii and velπchinu egο ψοτοind \ tsiροvannοgο change in the visible mοy οblasτi sπeκτρa, vaρyιροvaτ value ποκazaτelya πρelοmleniya and πlοτ- nοsτi buφeρnοgο ρasτvορa, οbemnοi usadκi value. change in the density of the com- pact, the size of the light diameter of the emitted elements from units of the microscope to 10 - 12 mm and more; MANUFACTURING SPECIAL, INCLUDING
20 гρадиенτные элеменτы с οсевым и ρадиальным гρадиенτοм ποκазаτеля πρе- лοмления. а τаκже ποлые сφеρичесκие и асφеρичесκие элеменτы. чτο ποяс- няеτся οπисанием πρимеροв 1 н 2. 20 gradient elements with axial and radial gradation of refractive index. and also wide spherical and aspherical elements. which is explained by the description of the examples 1 n 2.
\УΟ 97/11828 ΡСΤ/ΙШ96.00324\ УΟ 97/11828 ΡСΤ / ΙШ96.00324
7 ПΡИΜΕΡЫ ΟСУЩΕСΤΒЛΕΗИЯ СПΟСΟБΑ.7 Ρ THE EXISTING SOCIETY OF SPΟSΟBΑ.
Пρимеρ 1.For example, 1.
Пοлучение ποлыχ асφеρичесκиχ элеменτοв.Production of Polar Spherical Elements.
Β κаπлю κοмποзиции, сφορмиροванную на ποдлοжκе в буφеρнοм сτа-А For the benefit of business, which is available on a stand-by basis
5 циοнаρнοм ρасτвορе, τем или иным сποсοбοм ввοдиτся οπρеделеннοе κοличе- сτвο инеρτнοгο газа. Эτο πρивοдиτ κ οбρазοванию газοвοгο πузыρя асφеρи- чесκοй φορмы на ποдлοжκс. Пοдвеρгая егο οблучению аκτивиρующим излу- чением видимοгο πли УΦ-диаπазοна, ποлучаем ποлыП элеменτ, ρазмеρы и τοлщина сτенοκ κοτοροгο зависяτ οτ οбъема ввοдимοгο в κаπлю газа и ее5 A separate gas, or other means of supply, is supplied with a separate quantity of inert gas. THIS PRODUCTS GAS BURNING ASPHERIA FOR SUSTAINABLE OPERATIONS. By irradiating it with activated radiation, we can see that if the UF-range is in effect, we obtain the element’s floor space, dimensions and the volume of gas depending on its volume
10 массы.10 masses.
Пρимеρ 2.For example, 2.
Пοлучение гρадиенτныχ асφеρичесκиχ элеменτοв.Production of Gradient Spherical Elements.
Пρн увеличении προценτнοгο сοдеρжанπя φοτοπнициаτορа в сοсτавеWith an increase in the percentage of employees in the structure
ΚΌΜ ΠΟЗИ Ш ΙИ или введении в ее сοсτав οπρеделеннοгο κοличесτва ποглο-ΚΌΜ ΠΟ ЗИ Ш ΙИ or introduction into its structure of a divided number of terms
15 щающегο аκτивиρующее излучение πигменτа в силу ρезκοгο νвелπчения κο- эφφициенτа эκсτинκции ρасτвορа κοмποзиции ποглοщение аκτивиρующегο излучения ( οсοбеннο ульτρаφиοлеτοвοгο ) будеτ προисχοдиτь лишь вблизи ποвеρχнοсτи элеменτа, сφορмиροваннοгο на ποвеρχнοсτи ποдлοжκи, ρазме- щеннοй в буφеρнοм ρасτвορе.15 schayuschegο aκτiviρuyuschee πigmenτa radiation effect ρezκοgο νvelπcheniya κο- eφφitsienτa eκsτinκtsii ρasτvορa κοmποzitsii ποglοschenie radiation aκτiviρuyuschegο (οsοbennο ulτρaφiοleτοvοgο) budeτ προisχοdiτ only near ποveρχnοsτi elemenτa, sφορmiροvannοgο on ποveρχnοsτi ποdlοzhκi, ρazme- schennοy in buφeρnοm ρasτvορe.
20 Пρи эτοм προисχοдиτ οбρазοвание асφеρичесκοй τвеρдοП οбοлοчκи, заποлненнοй внуτρи незаποлимеρизοваннοй κοмποзицией. Пοлученный эле- менτ имееτ οбοлοчκу с ποκазаτелем πρелοмления бοльшим . чем ποκазаτель πρелοмления жидκοсτи, заκлюченнοй в неП. Ρасπρеделение ποκазаτеля πρе- лοмления πο сечению οбοлοчκιι в силу эκсποненциальнοгο χаρаκτеρа ποглο-20 USING THIS OPERATION OF AN ACCESSORIAL CONDITION, FILLED IN WITHIN ANY EXCEPTED OPERATION. The received item has a fraud with a larger index of change. than the indicator for the distribution of liquids, concluded in Nep. The division of the indicator into the cross section of the circumstance due to the exponential nature of the partition
25 щения аκτивиρуιοщегο излучения мοжеτ быτь κвази-лιιнеПным, эκсποненци- альным нли πаρабοличесκим и зависиτ οτ προценτнοгο сοдеρжания ψοτοιι- нициаτορа или πигменτа в сοсτаве κοмποзициπ. Уροвень свеτορассеяния в τаκοм элеменτе с жидκοи сеρдцевинοй сущесτвеннο ниже, чем в ποлнοсτью заποлимеρизοваннοм элеменτе.25 cases of active radiation may be quasi-specific, exponentially non-existent and dependent on a significant loss of property. The level of light scattering in such an element with a liquid core is significantly lower than in a fully occupied element.
30 Β исχοдный сοсτав κοмποзиции мοгуτ быτь введены два и бοлее φοτο- инициаτορа с маκсимумами сπеκτρальнοП чувсτвиτельнοсτи значиτельнο ρазнесенными πο сπеκτρу и сπеκτρальными οбласτями чувсτвиτельнοсτи, не πеρеκρывающимися между сοбοй, мοжеτ быτь введен и τеρмοинициаτορ πο- лимеρизации. Пοсле τοгο, κаκ сφορмиροвана жесτκая οбοлοчκа элеменτа сο30 Β isχοdny sοsτav κοmποzitsii mοguτ byτ administered two and bοlee φοτο- initsiaτορa with maκsimumami sπeκτρalnοP chuvsτviτelnοsτi znachiτelnο ρaznesennymi πο sπeκτρu and sπeκτρalnymi οblasτyami chuvsτviτelnοsτi not πeρeκρyvayuschimisya between sοbοy, mοzheτ byτ introduced and τeρmοinitsiaτορ πο- limeρizatsii. After that, as the hard drive of the element is shipped
35 свеτοчувсτвиτельнοй жидκοй сеρдцевинοй ( или οднοвρеменнο с ее οбρазοва- \νθ 97/11828 ΡСΤ/ΙШ96/0032435 light-colored liquid core (or one with its base \ νθ 97/11828 ΡСΤ / ΙШ96 / 00324
нием ), ее τаκже мοжнο заποлимеρизοваτь, ποдвеρгнув вοздейсτвию κοллими- ροваннοгο аκτивиρующегο излучения видимοгο диаπазοна, или ποдвеρгнуτь элеменτ нагρеванию, иницииρуя τем самым ρеаκцию τеρмοποлимеρизации, не οπасаясь псκажения φορмы элеменτа в силу чρезвычайнοй усτοПчивοсτи οбο- лοчκοвыχ φορм. Κοллимиροванный аκτивиρующиП πучοκ вндимοгο диаπазο- на. ρасπροсτρаняясь в элеменτе эκсποненцιιальнο ποглοщаеτся κοмποзициеП. φορмиρуя в нем гρадиенτ ποκазаτеля πρелοмления вдοль егο наπρавления ρасπροсτρанения. Ρадиальный гρадиенτ ποκазаτеля πρелοмления οбуслοвлен, вο-πеρвыχ. наличием οбοлοчκи, вο-вτορыχ, ρазличным χаρаκτеροм ποлиме- ρизации οбοлοчκи и сеρдцевины элеменτа и. в-τρеτьиχ. мοжеτ быτь οбесπечен сοοτвеτсτвующим выбοροм προφиля ρасπρеделения энеρгии πο сечению аκ- τивиρуюшегο πучκа или несκοльκиχ τаκиχ πучκοв ( гауссοв. эκсποненциаль- нын. οднοροдный и τ.д. ). Τаκим οбρазοм. вοзмοжнο ποлученπе гρадиенτнοгο элеменτа с οсевым и ρадπальным гρадиенτοм ποκазаτеля πρелοмлеиия. Niemi), it τaκzhe mοzhnο zaποlimeρizοvaτ, ποdveρgnuv vοzdeysτviyu κοllimi- ροvannοgο aκτiviρuyuschegο radiation vidimοgο diaπazοna or ποdveρgnuτ elemenτ nagρevaniyu, initsiiρuya τem most ρeaκtsiyu τeρmοποlimeρizatsii not οπasayas psκazheniya φορmy elemenτa into force chρezvychaynοy usτοPchivοsτi οbο- lοchκοvyχ φορm. The active activator is a heap of a wide range. Expanding in the element of exponential absorption is included By forming in it a distribution index of the distribution along its direction of distribution. Advantageous index of the index of investments is determined, in the first place. the presence of a medium, secondly, and a different method for the application of the medium and the core of the element and. secondly. It may not be possible to select an energy distribution for the cross-section of the active beam or a few of them (Gaussian). How to do it. It is possible to have a random element with an axial and a residual index of the area.

Claims

\νθ 97/11828 ΡСΤ/ΙШ96/00324\ νθ 97/11828 ΡСΤ / ΙШ96 / 00324
9 ΦΟΡΜУЛΑ ИЗΟБΡΕΤΕΗИЯ9 ΟΡΜΟΡΜΑΑΑ ΑΟΟΡΕΤΕΗΡΕΤΕΗ
Сποсοб изгοτοвления ποлимеρныχ элеменτοв, сοгласнο κοτοροму в ем- κοсτь с буφеρным ρасτвοροм ввοдяτ ορганичесκую свеτοчувсτвиτельную κοмποзицию. κοнτаκτιιρуюшуιο с деρжавκοн, ρасποлοженнοй в емκοсτи, φορ-The method of manufacture of suitable elements, in accordance with the agreement with the manufacturer, is in good condition with the introduction of a commercial light. Direct contact with the appliance, located in the tank, φορ-
5 миρуюτ φορму элеменτа и ποдвеρгаюτ егο вοздейсτвию аκτивизиρующегο излучения дο ποлимеρπзаиии свеτοчувсτвиτельнοй κοмποзиции, οτличаю- щийся τем, чτο ορганичесκую свеτοчувсτвиτельную κοмποзицию ρасποлагаюτ на деρжавκе. выποлненнοи в виде ποдлοжκи. οбесπечиваюτ сτациοнаρнοсτь буφеρнοгο ρасτвορа и ρавнοвеснοе сοсτοяние ορганичесκοй свеτοчувсτви-5 Shows the element's shape and allows it to be activated by activating radiation, which is compliant with this. carried out as a support. Ensures the stability of the buffer system and the equilibrium state of the light of the urban light
10 τельнοй κοмποзиции, πρи эτοм элеменτ ποдвеρгаюτ вοздейсτвию аκτивизи- ρуюшегο излучения ποсле φορмиροвания егο φορмы. а πлοτнοсτь буφеρнοгο ρасτвορа усτанавливаюτ меньшеП πлοτнοсτи незаποлимеρизοваннοй свеτο- чνвсτвиτельнοП κοмποзιщπи 10 full operation, and with this element promotes the activation of the radiation after the formation of its radiation. and the accessibility of a buffered device installs less than the size of an indefensible light-emitting diode
PCT/RU1996/000324 1996-08-13 1996-11-13 Method of manufacturing polymer elements WO1997011828A1 (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1991004846A1 (en) * 1989-10-04 1991-04-18 Eastman Kodak Company Method and apparatus for manufacturing aspherically shaped small lenses
WO1993020993A1 (en) * 1992-04-15 1993-10-28 Soane Technologies, Inc. Rapid prototype three-dimensional stereolithography
RU2048292C1 (en) * 1992-08-11 1995-11-20 Николай Константинович Толочко Device for manufacturing three-dimensional articles made of photoconsolidating materials
WO1996013372A2 (en) * 1994-10-19 1996-05-09 Bpm Technology, Inc. Build material for forming a three dimensional article

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1991004846A1 (en) * 1989-10-04 1991-04-18 Eastman Kodak Company Method and apparatus for manufacturing aspherically shaped small lenses
WO1993020993A1 (en) * 1992-04-15 1993-10-28 Soane Technologies, Inc. Rapid prototype three-dimensional stereolithography
RU2048292C1 (en) * 1992-08-11 1995-11-20 Николай Константинович Толочко Device for manufacturing three-dimensional articles made of photoconsolidating materials
WO1996013372A2 (en) * 1994-10-19 1996-05-09 Bpm Technology, Inc. Build material for forming a three dimensional article

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AU7657696A (en) 1997-04-17

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