WO1996041781A1 - Emulsifier composition containing an emulsifier and an oil-soluble polymeric stabilizer - Google Patents
Emulsifier composition containing an emulsifier and an oil-soluble polymeric stabilizer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996041781A1 WO1996041781A1 PCT/GB1996/001366 GB9601366W WO9641781A1 WO 1996041781 A1 WO1996041781 A1 WO 1996041781A1 GB 9601366 W GB9601366 W GB 9601366W WO 9641781 A1 WO9641781 A1 WO 9641781A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- composition according
- independently selected
- groups
- alkyl
- composition
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 title description 13
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- -1 poly(alkylene amine Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004530 micro-emulsion Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- VJHINFRRDQUWOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl sebacate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC VJHINFRRDQUWOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LPMBTLLQQJBUOO-KTKRTIGZSA-N (z)-n,n-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)octadec-9-enamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)N(CCO)CCO LPMBTLLQQJBUOO-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920005652 polyisobutylene succinic anhydride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N (2r,3r,4s)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical class OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Brassidinsaeure Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URXZXNYJPAJJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erucic acid Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O URXZXNYJPAJJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004907 Macro-emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- NWGKJDSIEKMTRX-AAZCQSIUSA-N Sorbitan monooleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O NWGKJDSIEKMTRX-AAZCQSIUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005233 alkylalcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N erucic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000374 eutectic mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910001959 inorganic nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
- C09K23/16—Amines or polyamines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
- C06B47/14—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase comprising a solid component and an aqueous phase
- C06B47/145—Water in oil emulsion type explosives in which a carbonaceous fuel forms the continuous phase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composition.
- the present invention relates to a composition suitable for producing thermodynamically stable microemulsions of an aqueous phase in an organic phase.
- Microemulsions are clear or translucent, thermodynamically stable emulsions with submicron diameter droplet sizes.
- Amine and alkanolamine adducts of polyisobutylene succinic anhydride have been used in commercial emulsion explosives. Examples of such adducts are discussed in GB-A- 2225572. However, those adducts must be used in large amounts. The present invention seeks to overcome this problem.
- a non-ionic composition suitable for producing stable high disperse phase emulsions having an organic continuous phase, the composition comprising
- R j is selected from C 8 _r 50 alkyl, C ⁇ ,,, alkenyl or C ⁇ - ⁇ o polyalkenyl;
- A is CON
- each Z is independently selected from [R 3 NH] n R 4 or [R 5 0] m R 6 , wherein R 3 and R 5 are independently selected from straight chain or branched saturated or unsaturated C j . 4 alkyl groups; R 4 and R 6 are independently selected from branched or straight chain saturated or unsaturated C ⁇ Q alkyl or C J . ⁇ Q carboxylic acid groups, or groups of the general formula R j .A.x(Z) as defined above, or H; and wherein m is an integer equal to or greater than 0; and n is 0 or an integer equal to or less than 8; and
- an oil-soluble polymeric stabiliser which comprises at least one hydrophilic side group and at least one lipophilic side group and has a molecular weight of at least 600.
- a process comprising blending a composition according to the present invention with fuel.
- composition according to the present invention for producing stable high disperse phase emulsions having an organic continuous phase.
- a composition according to the present invention as an oxidiser-in-fuel emulsion explosive.
- composition comprises
- Rj is selected from . ⁇ o alkyl, C 8 _ 250 alkenyl or Cg. ⁇ polyalkenyl;
- A is CON or
- Z j , Z 2 are independently selected from [R 3 NH] n R 4 or [R 5 0] m R 6 , wherein R 3 and R 5 are independently selected from straight chain or branched saturated or unsaturated C ] _ 4 alkyl groups; R 4 and R 6 are independently selected from branched or straight chain saturated or unsaturated C l _ 250 alkyl or C,, ⁇ carboxylic acid groups, or groups of the general formula R,.A.x(Z) as defined above, or H; and wherein m is an integer equal to or greater than 0; and n is 0 or an integer equal to or less than 8; and
- an oil-soluble polymeric stabiliser which comprises at least one hydrophilic side group and at least one lipophilic side group and has a molecular weight of at least 600.
- composition is in admixture with at least one other composition according to the present invention but wherein each component a) is different.
- the polymeric stabiliser is a dispersant viscosity index improver.
- the polymeric stabiliser is a polyalkyl methacrylate.
- composition is used as an oxidiser-in-fuel emulsion explosive.
- the composition is used in admixture in a fuel and in an amount of from about 0.4 to about 5.0% w / w , preferably in an amount of from about 0.6 to about 2.0% / w .
- the present invention therefore relates to the application of an efficient and cost effective emulsifier composition for the production of high internal phase invert emulsions.
- a preferred application of the present invention is in the production of high internal phase oxidiscr-oil emulsions which are well known as safe industrial explosives.
- explosives can be made to be pumpable or castable as required.
- the present invention is also of benefit because it can be cheaply made from readily available low cost component to produce a formulation capable of producing thermodynamically stable microemulsions of the aqueous phase in an organic phase.
- the emulsifier composition of the present invention is liquid at room temperature allowing easy storage and handling, accurate metering and rapid mixing.
- emulsifiers such as those based on sorbitan esters
- W / W sorbitan esters
- These components produce macro emulsions which can allow the oxidiser to form relatively large crystals which in tum causes the emulsion, which is normally a high viscosity liquid, to solidify. They also allow the hydroscopic oxidiser crystals to rupture the organic phase and to absorb moisture from the surroundings, resulting in a loss of stability.
- the stabiliser component is one that is commonly used as a dispersant-viscosity index improver for lubricating oils.
- a preferred example is a polyalkyl methacrylate, preferably wherein one or more of the alkyl alcohol groups are replaced by polyether, polyamine or other hydrophillic functional group.
- composition of the present invention displays unexpected advantages because components such as amine and alkanolamine adducts of polyisobutylene succinic anhydride of the general formula (I), in particular those of the general formula (II), can be used in smaller quantities to promote the formation of stable emulsions and microemulsions when they are used in admixture with the stabiliser component of the present invention.
- this combination of components results in emulsions which are stable at low emulsifier concentrations and typically produce microemulsions as the concentration approaches 2% w / w .
- the extremely small droplet size associated with the composition of the present invention significantly increases the effectiveness of the explosive mixture. Being thermodynamically favoured, the emulsion production is therefore extremely rapid and requires very low mixing energy. This makes the emulsions suitable for production in small, high-throughput mixers (for example static mixers). This results in inherently safer mixing because of the low inventory of hot combustible materials, reduced capital requirements for a given production capacity, and the possibility of producing the emulsions to order close to the point of use.
- the emulsion of the present invention may be sensitised with gas voids, such as those disclosed in EP-A-514000, or expanded perlite, such as that disclosed in DE-A- 4001917).
- the fuel of the present invention may contain wax or organoclays, such as those disclosed in GB-A-2199575, or nitrated organics, such as those disclosed in GB-A- 2225572.
- the oxidiser may be an inorganic nitrate, chlorate or perchlorate or may be a eutectic mixture of ammonium nitrate with an alkylamine/alkanolamine nitrate or perchlorate, such as that disclosed in US-A-4552597. Additional solid oxidiser may also be incorporated, such as those disclosed in CA-A-2024611.
- R 4 or R 6 is a group of the general formula R j .A.x(Z) the compound of forumla I will have a polymeric-type structure wherein the groups R A and Z need not be the same.
- R A and Z need not be the same.
- bis-compounds are covered by the general formula I.
- C j . ⁇ carboxylic acid groups include alkyl, alkenyl and aromatic groups containing one or more carboxylic acid groups, such as fatty acids (e.g erucic acid) and benzoic acid.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
Abstract
A non-ionic composition suitable for producing stable high disperse phase emulsions having an organic continuous phase is described. The composition comprises a) 85-95 % w/w of any one or more of an alkyl acid amine, an alkenyl acid amine, a poly(alkylene amine) or a (di)alkanolamine of the formula: R1.A.x(Z) wherein R1 is selected from C8-250alkyl, C8-250alkenyl or C8-250polyalkenyl; A is CON, (1) or (2); x is an integer of from 1 to 4; and each Z is independently selected from [R3NH]nR4 or [R5O]mR6, wherein R3 and R5 are independently selected from straight chain or branched saturated or unsaturated C1-4alkyl groups; R4 and R6 are independently selected from branched or straight chain saturated or unsaturated C1-250alkyl or C1-250carboxylic acid groups, or groups of the general formula R1.A.x(Z) as defined above, or H; and wherein m is an integer equal to or greater than 0; and n is 0 or an integer equal to or less than 8; and b) 5-15 % w/w of an oil-soluble polymeric stabiliser, which comprises at least one hydrophilic side group and at least one lipophilic side group and has a molecular weight of at least 600.
Description
EMULSIFIER COMPOSITION CONTAINING AN EMULSIFIER AND AN OIL-SOLUBLE POLYMERIC STABILIZER
The present invention relates to a composition.
In particular, the present invention relates to a composition suitable for producing thermodynamically stable microemulsions of an aqueous phase in an organic phase. Microemulsions are clear or translucent, thermodynamically stable emulsions with submicron diameter droplet sizes.
Amine and alkanolamine adducts of polyisobutylene succinic anhydride have been used in commercial emulsion explosives. Examples of such adducts are discussed in GB-A- 2225572. However, those adducts must be used in large amounts. The present invention seeks to overcome this problem.
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a non-ionic composition suitable for producing stable high disperse phase emulsions having an organic continuous phase, the composition comprising
a) 85-95 % /w of any one or more of an alkyl acid amine, an alkenyl acid amine, a poly(alkylenc amine) or a (di)alkanolamine of the formula I:
R,.A.x(Z)
wherein
Rj is selected from C8_r50 alkyl, C^,,, alkenyl or C^-^o polyalkenyl;
A is CON,
CHCONCH2CO, or
CHC0NCH7C0N;
x is an integer of from 1 to 4; and
each Z is independently selected from [R3NH]nR4 or [R50]mR6, wherein R3 and R5 are independently selected from straight chain or branched saturated or unsaturated Cj.4 alkyl groups; R4 and R6 are independently selected from branched or straight chain saturated or unsaturated C^Q alkyl or CJ.^Q carboxylic acid groups, or groups of the general formula Rj.A.x(Z) as defined above, or H; and wherein m is an integer equal to or greater than 0; and n is 0 or an integer equal to or less than 8; and
b) 5-15 % /w of an oil-soluble polymeric stabiliser, which comprises at least one hydrophilic side group and at least one lipophilic side group and has a molecular weight of at least 600.
According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a process comprising blending a composition according to the present invention with fuel.
According to a third aspect of the present invention there is provided the use of a composition according to the present invention for producing stable high disperse phase emulsions having an organic continuous phase.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention there is provided the use of a composition according to the present invention as an oxidiser-in-fuel emulsion explosive.
Preferably the composition comprises
a) 85-95 %w/w of any one or more of an alkyl acid amine, an alkenyl acid amine, a poly(alkylene amine) or a (di)alkanolamine of the formula II:
R^A.Zj.Z;,
wherein
Rj is selected from .^o alkyl, C8_250 alkenyl or Cg.^ polyalkenyl;
A is CON or
CHCONCH.CO; and
Zj, Z2 are independently selected from [R3NH]nR4 or [R50]mR6, wherein R3 and R5 are independently selected from straight chain or branched saturated or unsaturated C]_4 alkyl groups; R4 and R6 are independently selected from branched or straight chain saturated or unsaturated Cl_250 alkyl or C,,^ carboxylic acid groups, or groups of the general formula R,.A.x(Z) as defined above, or H; and wherein m is an integer equal to or greater than 0; and n is 0 or an integer equal to or less than 8; and
b) 5-15 %w/w of an oil-soluble polymeric stabiliser, which comprises at least one hydrophilic side group and at least one lipophilic side group and has a molecular weight of at least 600.
Preferably the composition is in admixture with at least one other composition according to the present invention but wherein each component a) is different.
Preferably the polymeric stabiliser is a dispersant viscosity index improver.
Preferably the polymeric stabiliser is a polyalkyl methacrylate.
Preferably the composition is used as an oxidiser-in-fuel emulsion explosive.
Preferably the composition is used in admixture in a fuel and in an amount of from about 0.4 to about 5.0%w/w, preferably in an amount of from about 0.6 to about 2.0% /w.
The present invention therefore relates to the application of an efficient and cost effective emulsifier composition for the production of high internal phase invert emulsions. A preferred application of the present invention is in the production of high internal phase oxidiscr-oil emulsions which are well known as safe industrial explosives. Using the composition of the present invention, explosives can be made to be pumpable or castable as required.
The present invention is also of benefit because it can be cheaply made from readily available low cost component to produce a formulation capable of producing thermodynamically stable microemulsions of the aqueous phase in an organic phase.
In a preferred embodiment the emulsifier composition of the present invention is liquid at room temperature allowing easy storage and handling, accurate metering and rapid mixing.
In a preferred embodiment commonly used emulsifiers, such as those based on sorbitan esters, are used in the present invention and at a concentration of at least 1%W/W. These components produce macro emulsions which can allow the oxidiser to form relatively large crystals which in tum causes the emulsion, which is normally a high viscosity liquid, to solidify. They also allow the hydroscopic oxidiser crystals to rupture the organic phase and to absorb moisture from the surroundings, resulting in a loss of stability.
In a preferred embodiment the stabiliser component is one that is commonly used as a dispersant-viscosity index improver for lubricating oils. A preferred example is a polyalkyl methacrylate, preferably wherein one or more of the alkyl alcohol groups are replaced by polyether, polyamine or other hydrophillic functional group.
The composition of the present invention displays unexpected advantages because components such as amine and alkanolamine adducts of polyisobutylene succinic anhydride of the general formula (I), in particular those of the general formula (II), can be used in smaller quantities to promote the formation of stable emulsions and microemulsions when they are used in admixture with the stabiliser component of the
present invention.
Thus, with this preferred embodiment the use of this combination of components results in emulsions which are stable at low emulsifier concentrations and typically produce microemulsions as the concentration approaches 2%w/w. This gives the user the option of producing low-cost stable emulsions, using as little as 0.5 % /w emulsifier, or else producing microemulsions.
Without wishing to be bound by theory it is believed that by halving the droplet size, and thereby doubling the interfacial area between the fuel and oxidant, the extremely small droplet size associated with the composition of the present invention significantly increases the effectiveness of the explosive mixture. Being thermodynamically favoured, the emulsion production is therefore extremely rapid and requires very low mixing energy. This makes the emulsions suitable for production in small, high-throughput mixers (for example static mixers). This results in inherently safer mixing because of the low inventory of hot combustible materials, reduced capital requirements for a given production capacity, and the possibility of producing the emulsions to order close to the point of use.
In use, the emulsion of the present invention may be sensitised with gas voids, such as those disclosed in EP-A-514000, or expanded perlite, such as that disclosed in DE-A- 4001917).
The fuel of the present invention may contain wax or organoclays, such as those disclosed in GB-A-2199575, or nitrated organics, such as those disclosed in GB-A- 2225572. The oxidiser may be an inorganic nitrate, chlorate or perchlorate or may be a eutectic mixture of ammonium nitrate with an alkylamine/alkanolamine nitrate or perchlorate, such as that disclosed in US-A-4552597. Additional solid oxidiser may also be incorporated, such as those disclosed in CA-A-2024611.
If either R4 or R6 is a group of the general formula Rj.A.x(Z) the compound of forumla I will have a polymeric-type structure wherein the groups R A and Z need not be the same. For example, bis-compounds are covered by the general formula I.
Examples of Cj.^ carboxylic acid groups include alkyl, alkenyl and aromatic groups containing one or more carboxylic acid groups, such as fatty acids (e.g erucic acid) and benzoic acid.
The present invention will now be described only by way of examples.
EXAMPLES
1. 45 parts by volume of oleic diethanolamide, 45 parts by volume a 60% solution of a polysiobutylene succinimide polyethyleneamine adduct in mineral oil and 10 parts of Plexol® 917 polyalkyl methacrylate dispersant viscosity index improver were combined. 2ml of the mixture was mixed into 10 ml of hot used mineral oil and then 190 ml of hot 80%w/w ammonium nitrate solution was slowly mixed in (giving an equivalent emulsifier concentration of 0.7%w/w). The resulting emulsion was an off-white translucent grease- like gel. After three days at room temperature the emulsion had become white, but was completely smooth to the touch. After six weeks the gel was still free from obvious crystals and showed no sign of phase separation.
2. 90 parts by volume of oleic diethanolamide was mixed with 10 parts by volume of Plexol 917® polyalkyl methacrylate dispersant viscosity index improver. 3 ml of the mixture was mixed into 10 ml of hot mineral oil and 190 ml of hot 80%w/w ammonium nitrate mixed in. The emulsion was completely transparent indicating the presence of a microemulsion. Whilst hot the emulsion was sufficiently low in viscosity to allow pouring. When cool the emulsion was a soft gel which remained unchanged for 4 weeks.
3. 45 parts by volume of oleic diethanolamide, 45 parts by volume a 60% solution of a polysiobutylene succinimide polyethyleneamine adduct in mineral oil and 10 parts of Plexol® 917 polyalkyl methacrylate dispersant viscosity index improver were combined. 1.2 g of this mixture was mixed with 8.5g of hot used mineral oil and 184.6g of hot 80%w/w ammonium nitrate solution was slowly mixed in (giving an equivalent emulsifier concentration of 0.625%w/w). After one week at room temperature, the emulsion had become white, but was completely smooth to the touch. After four weeks the gel was still free from obvious crystals and showed no sign of phase separation.
4. For comparison 1.2 g of ICI Span™ 80 (this being the most commonly used emulsifier for emulsion explosives) was added to 8.5g of hot used mineral oil and 184.6g of hot 80% /w ammonium nitrate solution was slowly mixed in (giving an equivalent emulsifier concentration of 0.625% /w). The emulsion went white and hard as it cooled indicating the formation of large ammonium nitrate crystals.
5. As a further test, 90 parts by volume of ICI Span 80 was mixed with 10 parts of Plexol 917 and 1.2 g of this mixture was added to 8.5g of hot used mineral oil and 184.6g of hot 80%w/w ammonium nitrate solution was slowly mixed in. As in example 5, the emulsion went hard and white as it cooled.
Modifications of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims
1. A non-ionic composition suitable for producing stable high disperse phase emulsions having an organic continuous phase, the composition comprising
a) 85-95 % /w of any one or more of an alkyl acid amine, an alkenyl acid amine, a poly(alkylene amine) or a (di)alkanolamine of the formula I:
R,.A.x(Z)
wherein
R] is selected from 
alkyl, 
alkenyl or Cg_25o polyalkenyl;
A is CON,
CHCONCH,CO, or
L
CHCONCH2CON ;
x is an integer of from 1 to 4; and each Z is independently selected from [R3NH]nR4 or [R50]mR6, wherein R3 and R5 are independently selected from straight chain or branched saturated or unsaturated Cj_4 alkyl groups; R4 and R6 are independently selected from branched or straight chain saturated or unsaturated C,.^ alkyl or Cj.^ carboxylic acid groups, or groups of the general formula Rj.A.x(Z) as defined above, or H; and wherein m is an integer equal to or greater than 0; and n is 0 or an integer equal to or less than 8; and
b) 5-15 % /w of an oil-soluble polymeric stabiliser, which comprises at least one hydrophilic side group and at least one lipophilic side group and has a molecular weight of at least 600.
2. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the composition comprises
a) 85-95 %w/w of any one or more of an alkyl acid amine, an alkenyl acid amine, a poly(alkylene amine) or a (di)alkanolamine of the formula II:
I^A.Zj.Za
wherein
Rj is selected from 
alkenyl or 
polyalkenyl;
A is CON or
I I CHCONCH2CO and I 1
Z,, Z2 are independently selected from [R3NH]nR4 or [R50]mR6, wherein R3 and R5 are independently selected from straight chain or branched saturated or unsaturated C]_4 alkyl groups; R4 and R6 are independently selected from branched or straight chain saturated or unsaturated CJ.^Q alkyl or CJ.-^Q carboxylic acid groups, or groups of the general formula R].A.x(Z) as defined in claim 1, or H; and wherein m is an integer equal to or greater than 0; and n is 0 or an integer equal to or less than 8; and
b) 5-15 %w/w of an oil-soluble polymeric stabiliser, which comprises at least one hydrophilic side group and at least one lipophilic side group and has a molecular weight of at least 600.
3. A composition according to claim 1 or claim 2 in admixture with at least one other composition according to claim 1 or claim 2 but wherein each component a) is different.
4. A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the polymeric stabiliser is a dispersant viscosity index improver.
5. A composition according to claim 4 wherein the polymeric stabiliser is a polyalkyl methacrylate.
6. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims when used as an oxidiser- in-fuel emulsion explosive.
7. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims when in admixture in a fuel and in an amount of from about 0.4 to about 5.0%w/w, preferably in an amount of from about 0.6 to about 2.0% W.
8. A process comprising blending a composition according to any one of the preceding claims with fuel.
9. Use of a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7 for producing stable high disperse phase emulsions having an organic continuous phase.
10. Use of a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7 as an oxidiser-in-fuel emulsion explosive.
11. A composition substantially as hereinbefore described.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU59077/96A AU5907796A (en) | 1995-06-09 | 1996-06-07 | Emulsifier composition containing an emulsifier and an oil-s oluble polymeric stabilizer |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB9511701.6A GB9511701D0 (en) | 1995-06-09 | 1995-06-09 | Composition |
| GB9511701.6 | 1995-06-09 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1996041781A1 true WO1996041781A1 (en) | 1996-12-27 |
Family
ID=10775784
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/GB1996/001366 WO1996041781A1 (en) | 1995-06-09 | 1996-06-07 | Emulsifier composition containing an emulsifier and an oil-soluble polymeric stabilizer |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU5907796A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB9511701D0 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1996041781A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1998051645A1 (en) * | 1997-05-15 | 1998-11-19 | Orica Australia Pty. Ltd. | Rheology modification and modifiers |
| CN111875458A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-11-03 | 北京北矿亿博科技有限责任公司 | Porous granular ammonium surfactant for oil-frying, performance enhancer and explosive |
Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3779928A (en) * | 1969-04-01 | 1973-12-18 | Texaco Inc | Automatic transmission fluid |
| DE2401668A1 (en) * | 1973-01-19 | 1974-08-01 | Chevron Res | Viscosity index improver for hydrocarbon fuels - mixture of di-N-hydrocarbyl-substituted succinamic acid, and ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer |
| US4330420A (en) * | 1980-05-13 | 1982-05-18 | Texaco Inc. | Low ash, low phosphorus motor oil formulations |
| DE3329064A1 (en) * | 1982-09-15 | 1984-03-15 | Nitro Nobel AB, 71030 Gyttorp | EXPLOSIVE MATERIAL |
| EP0107368A2 (en) * | 1982-10-22 | 1984-05-02 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Emulsion explosive composition |
| GB2132999A (en) * | 1982-11-03 | 1984-07-18 | Aeci Ltd | Producing an emulsion explosive |
| US4470855A (en) * | 1983-04-21 | 1984-09-11 | C-I-L Inc. | Water-in-wax emulsion blasting agents |
| EP0276934A2 (en) * | 1987-01-30 | 1988-08-03 | Ici Australia Operations Proprietary Limited | Explosive composition |
| EP0330375A1 (en) * | 1988-02-23 | 1989-08-30 | Ici Australia Operations Proprietary Limited | explosive composition |
| AU615597B2 (en) * | 1988-12-16 | 1991-10-03 | Orica Explosives Technology Pty Ltd | Emulsion explosive |
-
1995
- 1995-06-09 GB GBGB9511701.6A patent/GB9511701D0/en active Pending
-
1996
- 1996-06-07 AU AU59077/96A patent/AU5907796A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-06-07 WO PCT/GB1996/001366 patent/WO1996041781A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3779928A (en) * | 1969-04-01 | 1973-12-18 | Texaco Inc | Automatic transmission fluid |
| DE2401668A1 (en) * | 1973-01-19 | 1974-08-01 | Chevron Res | Viscosity index improver for hydrocarbon fuels - mixture of di-N-hydrocarbyl-substituted succinamic acid, and ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer |
| US4330420A (en) * | 1980-05-13 | 1982-05-18 | Texaco Inc. | Low ash, low phosphorus motor oil formulations |
| DE3329064A1 (en) * | 1982-09-15 | 1984-03-15 | Nitro Nobel AB, 71030 Gyttorp | EXPLOSIVE MATERIAL |
| EP0107368A2 (en) * | 1982-10-22 | 1984-05-02 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Emulsion explosive composition |
| GB2132999A (en) * | 1982-11-03 | 1984-07-18 | Aeci Ltd | Producing an emulsion explosive |
| US4470855A (en) * | 1983-04-21 | 1984-09-11 | C-I-L Inc. | Water-in-wax emulsion blasting agents |
| EP0276934A2 (en) * | 1987-01-30 | 1988-08-03 | Ici Australia Operations Proprietary Limited | Explosive composition |
| EP0330375A1 (en) * | 1988-02-23 | 1989-08-30 | Ici Australia Operations Proprietary Limited | explosive composition |
| AU615597B2 (en) * | 1988-12-16 | 1991-10-03 | Orica Explosives Technology Pty Ltd | Emulsion explosive |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1998051645A1 (en) * | 1997-05-15 | 1998-11-19 | Orica Australia Pty. Ltd. | Rheology modification and modifiers |
| CN111875458A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-11-03 | 北京北矿亿博科技有限责任公司 | Porous granular ammonium surfactant for oil-frying, performance enhancer and explosive |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9511701D0 (en) | 1995-08-02 |
| AU5907796A (en) | 1997-01-09 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4744796A (en) | Microemulsion fuel system | |
| EP0018085B1 (en) | Explosive compositions based on time-stable colloidal dispersions and a process for the preparation thereof | |
| EP0019458B1 (en) | Blasting composition | |
| EP0004160B1 (en) | Explosive compositions and method for their manufacture | |
| IE49354B1 (en) | Emulsion blasting composition | |
| US4248644A (en) | Emulsion of a melt explosive composition | |
| EP0475620A2 (en) | Microemulsion diesel fuel compositions and method of use | |
| WO2001052976A2 (en) | Partially dehydrated reaction product, process for making same, and emulsion containing same | |
| NO863714L (en) | MICROCELLULAR COMPOSITIONS INCLUDING EXPLOSIVES, FUELS, EXTENSIONS AND GAS DEVELOPERS, AND PROCEDURE FOR THEIR PREPARATION. | |
| JPH01188486A (en) | Emulsion detonator containing organic globules | |
| EP0028908B1 (en) | Emulsion explosive composition | |
| CA2052122A1 (en) | A method for stabilizing a detonable mixture of water-in-oil emulsion explosive and an and anfo prills | |
| US3212945A (en) | Production of detonatable explosive emulsion preparations | |
| EP0250224B1 (en) | Cast explosive composition and method | |
| EP0320183B1 (en) | Emulsion explosive containing an emulsifier | |
| CA1230489A (en) | Microknit composite explosives and processes for making same | |
| US5372613A (en) | Fuel compositions | |
| WO1996041781A1 (en) | Emulsifier composition containing an emulsifier and an oil-soluble polymeric stabilizer | |
| US3231437A (en) | Production of detonatable explosive emulsion preparations | |
| EP0044671A2 (en) | Emulsion blasting agent containing urea perchlorate | |
| US6514361B1 (en) | Preparation of emulsions | |
| EP0044664A2 (en) | Emulsion type blasting agent containing hydrazine mononitrate | |
| CA2040751C (en) | Water-in-oil emulsion explosive having a dispersed aqueous gassing solution | |
| EP0159171A1 (en) | Cast explosive composition | |
| GB2037269A (en) | Water in oil emulsion blasting agent |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AM AT AU AZ BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CZ DE DK EE ES FI GB GE HU IL IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LK LR LS LT LU LV MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK TJ TM TR TT UA UG US UZ VN AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM |
|
| AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): KE LS MW SD SZ UG AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA |
|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
| REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: 8642 |
|
| 122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase | ||
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: CA |