WO1996039737A1 - Amplificateur rotatif de puissance pulsee - Google Patents

Amplificateur rotatif de puissance pulsee Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996039737A1
WO1996039737A1 PCT/US1996/009151 US9609151W WO9639737A1 WO 1996039737 A1 WO1996039737 A1 WO 1996039737A1 US 9609151 W US9609151 W US 9609151W WO 9639737 A1 WO9639737 A1 WO 9639737A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rotating
signal
amplifier
coil
coupled
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1996/009151
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Joseph F. Pinkerton
David B. Clifton
Original Assignee
Magnetic Bearing Technologies, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Magnetic Bearing Technologies, Inc. filed Critical Magnetic Bearing Technologies, Inc.
Priority to AU60260/96A priority Critical patent/AU6026096A/en
Publication of WO1996039737A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996039737A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/02—Additional mass for increasing inertia, e.g. flywheels
    • H02K7/025—Additional mass for increasing inertia, e.g. flywheels for power storage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/30—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power stored mechanically, e.g. in fly-wheels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K19/00—Synchronous motors or generators
    • H02K19/16—Synchronous generators
    • H02K19/38—Structural association of synchronous generators with exciting machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/20—AC to AC converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

Definitions

  • This invention relates to devices which provide pulses of electrical energy from stored mechanical energy for short periods of time. More particularly, this invention relates to converting stored kinetic energy into controllable electrical signals.
  • energy storage devices for storing mechanical energy and applying it as electrical energy is well known.
  • Meek et al. U.S. Patent No. 4,034,273 provides a flywheel mounted to an interconnecting driveshaft. The flywheel stores kinetic energy which is delivered through an amplifier to a DC motor to turn a weapons turret. Meek provides the amplification of the kinetic energy through a "conventional high speed rotary amplifier" which, however, may suffer from any one of several deficiencies, including low power density and the use of electrical brushes.
  • Race U.S. Patent No. 3,020,466 discloses an automobile electrical system that includes a control oscillator and a rotary magnetic amplifier to furnish AC current at a desired frequency.
  • the amplifier includes brushes which have a tendency to limit lifespan of the device, as well as requiring frequent maintenance.
  • An additional deficiency of conventional rotary amplifiers is the potential difficulty in compensating for power supply transients due to severe variations in electrical loading on the system (for example, if an air conditioner and headlights are turned on in a car at the same time) .
  • brushless generators also suffer from deficiencies related to friction and wear on the bearings.
  • the potential for increased friction and wear on the bearings becomes even greater as the rotational speed of the generator increases.
  • a desired increase in rotational speed is a growing trend in industry due to the fact that the output of the rotating machine tends to increase as rotational speed increases. Therefore, in order to achieve greater rotational speeds, engineers must design brushless generators that are smaller and more compact than traditional designs (to simplify and reduce the effects of the higher speeds) .
  • Such converters typically include solid- state MOSFET switching transistors which can be prohibitively expensive.
  • the cost of the permanent magnet material is approximately 100 times the cost of transformer steel.
  • PWM Pulse Width Modulation
  • pulsed power rotary amplifiers that produce a high rate of conversion of stored mechanical energy to electrical energy.
  • the rotary amplifier or brushless generator is combined with a flywheel in a composite structure which produces an electrical output signal based on a controllable DC or AC input signal and the amount of stored mechanical energy available.
  • Alternate embodiments of a composite structure are disclosed including banding the rotating electromagnets with the flywheel, and connecting the flywheel and generator together via a simple shaft.
  • the pulsed power rotary amplifiers of the present invention include a brushless generator fixed to a composite flywheel mass, a rectification circuit to convert the AC output of the generator to controllable DC, and a feedback signal, coupled to the input circuit of the generator, which adjusts the generator's control signal in response to feedback taken from the generator's output.
  • the brushless generator armature cores may comprise magnetic or non ⁇ magnetic material, depending on the application. If non-magnetic material is required, air-core coils of non-magnetic wire are rotated through the DC field created by the stationary electromagnets, rather than traditional iron core components.
  • the composite flywheel/generator mass is contained in a vacuum housing, thereby increasing system performance by the reduction of losses due to aerodynamic drag.
  • the composite mass may be contained in a housing at normal atmospheric pressure (or other pressure as is appropriate) .
  • the rotating electromagnets are preferably banded together by the flywheel, which acts to relieve a portion of the mechanical stress on the electromagnets.
  • a higher power output is produced (e.g., at twice the rotational speed, the amplified output should increase approximately sixteen times for a given input) .
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a pulsed power rotary amplifier, in accordance with the principles of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a control circuit for the pulsed power rotary amplifier of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a graph showing the output signal of the pulsed power rotary amplifier of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing the rectified output signal of the pulsed power rotary amplifier of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing the rectified and filtered output signal of the pulsed power rotary amplifier of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an alternate embodiment of a control circuit for the pulsed power rotary amplifier of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 7 is a graph showing a sample input signal of the pulsed power rotary amplifier of FIG. 6;
  • FIG. 8 is a graph showing the output signal of the pulsed power rotary amplifier of FIG. 6, based on the input signal of FIG. 7;
  • FIG. 9 is a graph showing the rectified output signal of the pulsed power rotary amplifier of FIG. 6, based on the input signal of FIG. 7;
  • FIG. 10 is a graph showing the rectified a nd filtered output signal of the pulsed power rotary amplifier of FIG. 6, based on the input signal of FIG. 7;
  • FIG. 11 is a graph showing the output signal of the pulsed power rotary amplifier of FIG. 6, based on the input signal of FIG. 7, taken off the secondary winding of an output transformer;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of a control circuit for the pulsed power rotary amplifier of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 13 is a graph showing a sample input signal of the pulsed power rotary amplifier of FIG. 12;
  • FIG. 14 is a graph showing the output signal of the pulsed power rotary amplifier of FIG. 12, based on the input signal of FIG. 13;
  • FIG. 15 is a graph showing the rectified output signal of the pulsed power rotary amplifier of FIG. 12, based on the input signal of FIG. 13;
  • FIG. 16 is a graph showing the rectified and filtered output signal of the pulsed power rotary amplifier of FIG. 12, based on the input signal of FIG. 13;
  • FIG. 17 is a graph showing the output signal of the pulsed power rotary amplifier of FIG. 12, based on the input signal of FIG. 13, taken off the output of an H-bridge circuit; and
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic block diagram of an alternate embodiment of a pulsed power rotary amplifier in which a three-phase motor is driven in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • Rotary amplifier 100 includes housing 102, which is preferably a vacuum sealed enclosure, for containing brushless generator assembly 104, flywheel 106, and bearings 108.
  • Housing 102 may be formed as vacuum sealed unit, of stainless-steel, or it may be formed using multiple pieces of a non-magnetic material such as aluminum or composite material.
  • Brushless generator assembly 104 comprises two separate stages, exciter stage 110 and main stage 130.
  • Exciter stage 110 includes a plurality of stationary electromagnets 112 (for example, generator 104 has eight pairs of electromagnets 112) located at equidistant points about the circumference of axis 150.
  • Electromagnets 112 may comprise ferrous core 114 surrounded by windings 116. Windings 116 are coupled to control line 118 which receives the control signals to generator 104, as is described more fully below.
  • Core 114 may be formed from a laminated stack of magnetic material such as soft iron or steel (such that the material is only magnetized in the presence of a magnetic field) . Alternately, core 114 may be formed from a solid magnetic material such as ferrite, or any other suitable material.
  • Electromagnets 112 are arranged in pairs which may be referred to as inner electromagnets 120 and outer electromagnets 122.
  • Exciter stage 110 also includes a plurality of electrically conductive, non-magnetic, air-core loops 124 embedded within, and extending from, flywheel 106, which forms the armature of the exciter. Loops 124 are mounted such that they extend from hub 152 of flywheel 106 circumferentially about axis 150.
  • the rotary amplifier of the present invention will also be effective with traditional iron-core components in the exciter armature.
  • Loops 124 are fixedly mounted to flywheel 106 such that when flywheel 106 rotates, the plurality of air-core loops 124 are rotated about axis 150 between inner electromagnets 120 and outer electromagnets 122.
  • the rotational axis of flywheel 106 may be connected to a motor or prime mover (not shown) , such as a permanent magnet "brushless motor.”
  • brushless generator 104 may itself be used as a motor by simply applying a DC signal to input line 118 which ultimately energizes rotating electromagnet 132. Once energized, a properly timed AC current applied to output line 138 causes a force against rotating electromagnet 132 that increases the rotational speed of the flywheel/brushless generator assembly. Further, if the flywheel/brushless generator assembly is not rotating, an AC input signal applied to line 118, through transformer action, energizes the rotatable electromagnet 132 with DC fields to initialize rotation, at which point a DC signal is then applied as described above to establish brushless generator 104 as a motor.
  • Main stage 130 includes a plurality of electromagnets 132 which are mounted to, and at equidistant points about, flywheel 106. It is preferable, but not essential, that there be the same number of electromagnets 132 in main stage 130 as there are electromagnets 112 in exciter stage 110. Electromagnets 132 are substantially similar to electromagnets 112 and thus, may also be comprised of a ferrous core 134 surrounded by windings 136. Unlike windings 116, windings 136 are coupled to conversion lines 146 which receive input signals from conversion circuitry 154. Conversion circuitry 154 converts AC signals to DC signals, as described below, and may include any conventional rectification circuit (for example, a full-wave bridge rectifier) .
  • Conversion circuitry 154 converts AC signals to DC signals, as described below, and may include any conventional rectification circuit (for example, a full-wave bridge rectifier) .
  • conversion circuitry 154 may also include a parallel capacitor (not shown) to condition the pulsating DC signal into a smoother DC signal.
  • Core 134 may also be formed from a laminated stack of magnetic material such as soft iron or steel (such that the material is only magnetized in the presence of a magnetic field) . Alternately, core 134 may be formed from a solid magnetic material such as ferrite, or any other suitable material.
  • Electromagnets 132 are arranged in pairs which, for reference purposes, may be referred to as inner electromagnets 140 and outer electromagnets 142.
  • Main stage 130 also includes a plurality of electrically conductive air-core loops 144 fixedly mounted to housing mount 156 in the same manner as loops 124 are mounted to flywheel 106.
  • the plurality of electromagnets 132 are rotated about axis 150 such that air-core loops 144 are located between inner electromagnets 140 and outer electromagnets 142.
  • Conductive air-core loops 144 are coupled to output line 138, which provides the output signal from generator 104 and thus, from rotary amplifier 100.
  • the armature of the main stage be formed with air-core loops, the rotary amplifier of the present invention will also be effective with traditional iron-core components in the main stage armature.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a control circuit 200 coupled to rotary amplifier 100 of FIG. 1.
  • rotary amplifier 100 of FIG. 2 is substantially identical to rotary amplifier 100 of FIG. 1 and thus, the description above regarding amplifier 100 is equally applicable to FIG. 2.
  • output line 138 is shown as a pair of output lines 202 coupled to a rectification circuit 204.
  • Rectification circuit 204 may be a full- wave bridge rectifier, as shown, or any other convention rectification circuit which provides rectification of the AC output into DC.
  • the output of rectification circuit 204 is coupled to an inductor 206 and a capacitor 208 which act to filter the output of the rectifier into the final output signal V Q across terminals 210 and 212. Additionally, measurements of voltage, current, or both may be taken from the output signal and fed back to input circuitry 214 via line 216.
  • a fe ⁇ dback signal may be produced based on rotational speed measurements of a motor (not shown) being driven by amplifier 100 (the speed measurements may be made by any conventional means, e.g., a non-contacting tachometer).
  • Input circuitry 214 receives input signals via line 218 and, based on the feedback signal, sends control signals to rotary amplifier 100 via control line 220 (which is coupled to control line 118 within amplifier 100) .
  • Each air-core loop may be a unitary piece of solid electrically conductive material, but preferably air-core loop is made up of turns of wire consisting of a plurality of electrical conductors which are electrically insulated from each other and are electrically connected together in parallel.
  • One such wire known as litz wire, is constructed of individual film-insulated wires which are bunched or braided together in a uniform pattern of twists and length of lay. This configuration reduces skin effect power losses of solid conductors, or the tendency of radio frequency current to be concentrated at the conductor surface.
  • Properly constructed litz wires have individual strands each positioned in a uniform pattern moving from the center to the outside and back within a given length of the wire.
  • conductive air-core loops 124 affect brushless generator 104.
  • current is applied to windings 116, magnetic fields are generated between inner electromagnets 120 and outer electromagnets 122.
  • electromotive force i.e., a voltage around each of the conductive loops
  • a voltage is induced in exciter stage 110 without the use of iron in the armature (which is the high frequency portion of the exciter) .
  • Brushless generator 104 operates by providing a small DC input signal or a low frequency (e.g, below 1 khz) AC input signal, such as one watt, to input line 218 while flywheel 106 is rotating about axis 150.
  • the control signal is produced by input circuitry 214 in response to a comparison of the feedback signal on line 216 and the input signal on line 218 (which produces an error signal) .
  • the use of feedback is especially advantageous at frequencies exceeding about 50 hz, the approximate point at which the output may tend to otherwise become somewhat distorted (due to the time constants of the exciter and main electromagnets) .
  • angular velocity of the amplifier which may be measured by, for example, a non-contacting tachometer
  • the control signal is fed to windings 116 which energize stationary electromagnets 112, thereby creating small, radially-directed, DC magnetic fields (or low frequency AC fields) .
  • the AC signals should be limited to about one-tenth the output frequency of air-core loops 124. Otherwise, the amplification effect will be lost (as the input frequency gets closer to the rotating frequency, the amplification factor goes down, eventually reaching a point where no amplification takes place) .
  • flywheel 106 rotates air-core loops 124 through the generated DC fields and thus, as described above, AC currents are induced in the air-core loops 124.
  • the induced AC currents are fed, through exciter output lines 126, to conversion circuitry 154.
  • Conversion circuitry 154 converts the AC signal to a DC signal such that the input power is amplified by the exciter stage by a factor of approximately 100. It should be noted that the total amplification factor increases rapidly with respect to rpm (approximately to the fourth power) .
  • the axial length of core 134 of electromagnet 132 should be at least approximately three times greater than the radial length of air-coil core 144. The greater the ratio, the greater the amplification.
  • the amplified DC signal is fed to the windings 136, through lines 146, of rotating electromagnets 132.
  • the amplified DC signal energizes electromagnets 132, thereby creating a second set of radially-directed DC fields which, in this case, are rotating about axis 150.
  • air-core loops 144 are located in the rotating fields, in a manner similar to the interaction between electromagnets 112 and air- core loops 124, AC voltages are induced in air-core loops 144. If an electrical load is placed across terminals 210 and 212, an electrical current will also be induced in air-core loops 144.
  • These induced voltages are provided as outputs from generator 104, and thus amplifier 100, at output line 138. Due to the dual amplification (each stage amplified the power of the signal input to it by a factor of 100) , the power of the final output signal is approximately 10,000 times greater than the small signal which was input to exciter 110.
  • flywheel 106 has a direct relationship to the output power of amplifier 100, such that maximum output power (i.e., where main stage electromagnets 132 have reached magnetic saturation) increases with the square of rotational speed.
  • maximum output power i.e., where main stage electromagnets 132 have reached magnetic saturation
  • the added mass of flywheel 106 and its rotation provide kinetic energy which is converted to electrical energy by brushless generator 104.
  • rotary amplifier 100 converts the kinetic energy stored in rotating flywheel 106 into electrical energy which is output via lines 202 in addition to the average energy supplied by the prime mover or motor (not shown) .
  • FIGS. 3-5 are representative graphs showing different signals of the circuit of FIG. 2 based on a DC input signal.
  • FIG. 3 shows a trace 250 of the output signal as seen on lines 202 prior to rectification circuit 204. Trace 250 is essentially the "raw" output signal of rotary amplifier 100.
  • FIG. 4 shows a trace 260 of the output signal after it has passed through rectification circuit 204.
  • FIG. 5 shows a trace 270 of the final output signal V Q after rectification by rectification circuit 204 and filtering by inductor 206 and capacitor 208.
  • FIG. 6 shows an alternate embodiment of a control circuit 600 coupled to rotary amplifier 100 of FIG. 1.
  • rotary amplifier 100 of FIG. 6 is substantially identical to rotary amplifier 100 of FIG. 1 and thus, the description above regarding amplifier 100 is equally applicable to FIG. 6.
  • control circuit 600 produces an AC output signal from an AC input signal (albeit a small signal) .
  • Control circuit 600 includes output lines 602, which are coupled to output line 138 of FIG. 1 in the same manner as output lines 202 of FIG. 2 were coupled to output line 138.
  • the output signal of amplifier 100 is rectified by rectification circuit 604, which, as was described above for FIG. 2, may be a full-wave rectifier or any other conventional circuitry which rectifies AC into DC.
  • the rectified signal is then filtered by capacitor 608 to produce the initial output signal (whicn may also be used as a feedback signal) .
  • the initial output signal is applied to the primary winding of transformer 606, which produces the output signal V Q across terminals 610 and 612.
  • Measurements of voltage and/or current from the initial output signal are fed back to the input circuitry 614, which compares the feedback signal to an input signal received via line 618 to produce an error signal.
  • the feedback signal may be generated from measurements indicative of the speed at which a motor is being driven by amplifier 100.
  • the error signal is used in conjunction with the input signal to produce a control signal' which is input to amplifier 100 via line 620.
  • the remaining operation of control circuit 600 is essentially the same as that described above with regards to control circuit 200, and may be more easily understood by examining the representative graphs of FIGS. 7-11.
  • FIGS. 7-11 are representative graphs showing different signals of the circuit of FIG. 6 based on a small AC input signal.
  • FIG. 7 shows a trace 640 of the AC control signal as seen on line 620, which represents the input signal from input line 618 after it has been modified by the feedback signal from line 616 (note that the signal has been offset such that it varies in magnitude between zero and one rather than about the zero axis) .
  • FIG. 8 shows a trace 650 of the output signal as seen on lines 602 prior to rectification circuit 604. Trace 650 is essentially the "raw" output signal of rotary amplifier 100.
  • FIG. 9 shows a trace 660 of the output signal after it has passed through rectification circuit 604.
  • FIG. 7 shows a trace 640 of the AC control signal as seen on line 620, which represents the input signal from input line 618 after it has been modified by the feedback signal from line 616 (note that the signal has been offset such that it varies in magnitude between zero and one rather than about the zero axis)
  • FIG. 10 shows a trace 670 of the initial output signal after rectification by rectification circuit 604 and filtering by capacitor 608, which is applied to the primary winding of transformer 606.
  • FIG. 11 shows a trace 680 of final output signal V 0 which is produced on the secondary winding of transformer 606 and across output terminals 610 and 612.
  • FIG. 12 shows a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of control circuit 700 coupled to rotary amplifier 100 of FIG. 1 and additional control components of the control circuit of FIG. 2.
  • rotary amplifier 100 of FIG. 12 is substantially identical to rotary amplifier 100 of FIG. 1 and thus, the description above regarding amplifier 100 is equally applicable to FIG. 12.
  • components 202, 204, 206, 208, 214, 216, 218, and 220 are substantially identical to the like- numbered components of FIG. 2 and thus, the description above regarding those components is equally applicable to FIG. 12.
  • Control circuit 700 differs from control circuit 200 in that a network of switching elements formed into an H-bridge 701 is coupled between the output of the control circuit (as defined in FIG. 2) and the load.
  • the network of switching elements includes semiconductor switches 702, 704, 706, and 708, which are coupled to output terminals 710 and 712. While the switching elements are schematically shown to be silicon-controlled rectifiers, they may alternately be any type of high-power semiconductor switch, such as a MOSFET or an IBGT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) .
  • Switches 702 and 704 are coupled together in series, as are switches 706 and 708.
  • the two switch pairs are each coupled in parallel to capacitor 208.
  • Each switch pair provides an output at a node formed between the two switches, such that the 702/704 pair provides output terminal 710, while the 706/708 pair provides output terminal 712.
  • a load 711 is typically coupled across output terminals 710 and 712 and an additional feedback line 716 is provided from load 711 to input circuitry 214.
  • Control circuit 700 is advantageous when compared to previously described control circuits in that control circuit 700 may be operated with either AC or DC input signals. Thus, control circuit 700 performs the same operations as control circuit 200 and control circuit 600. For example, if DC input signals are being utilized, switching elements 702 and 708 are left ON at all times during operation. On the other hand, if AC input signals are being utilized, then switches 702 and 708 are turned ON during the positive part of the cycle and switches 704 and 706 are ON during the negative part of the cycle (the switches are otherwise turned OFF) . Thus, DC output signals are provided from DC input signals and AC output signals are provided from AC input signals without requiring the use of a transformer (i.e., transformer 606 of FIG. 6) .
  • FIGS. 13-17 are representative graphs showing different signals of the circuit of FIG. 12 based on a small AC input signal.
  • FIG. 13 shows a trace 740 of the AC input signal as seen on input line 218 (note that unlike trace 640 which shows the offset signal on control line 620, trace 740 shows a representative sample of both the actual AC input signal on input line 218 and the control signal on line 220) .
  • FIG. 14 shows a trace 750 of the output signal as seen on lines 202 prior to rectification circuit 204. Trace 750 is essentially the "raw" output signal of rotary amplifier 100.
  • FIG. 13 shows a trace 740 of the AC input signal as seen on input line 218 (note that unlike trace 640 which shows the offset signal on control line 620, trace 740 shows a representative sample of both the actual AC input signal on input line 218 and the control signal on line 220) .
  • FIG. 14 shows a trace 750 of the output signal as seen on lines 202 prior to rectification circuit 204. Trace
  • FIG. 15 shows a trace 760 of the output signal after it has passed through rectification circuit 204.
  • FIG. 16 shows a trace 770 of the initial output signal after rectification by rectification circuit 204 and filtering by capacitor 208, which is applied to the inputs of H-bridge 701 formed by switches 702-708.
  • FIG. 17 shows a trace 780 of the final output signal which is produced by H-bridge 701 across output terminals 710 and 712.
  • FIG. 18 shows an alternate embodiment of a pulsed power rotary amplifier which drives a three- phase motor in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • Pulsed power rotary amplifier 800 includes: a flywheel 806, a prime mover or motor 810, input circuitry 814, a shaft 815 having an axis of rotation 817, a three-phase motor 830, three
  • H-bridges 831, 841, and 851 (each substantially similar to H-bridge 701 of FIG. 12)
  • three brushless generators 834, 844, and 854 (each substantially similar to brushless generator 104 of FIG. l)
  • three AC-to-DC rectifiers 836, 846, 856 (each substantially similar to rectifier 204 of FIGS. 2 and 12).
  • each of rectifiers 836, 846, and 856 preferably includes a filter capacitor similar to capacitor 208 of FIG. 2.
  • Input circuit 814 has three input lines 838,
  • Generators 834, 844, and 854 and flywheel 806 are all fixedly mounted to shaft 815 such that they all rotate about axis of rotation 817 when driven by prime mover 810.
  • Generators 834, 844, and 854 receive control signals from control lines 832, 842, and 852, respectively, and provide output signals on lines 833, 843, and 853, respectively.
  • the amplifier 800 essentially operates as three independent systems which have been integrated into a single unit. For example, generator 834 is driven by input circuit 814 based on input signals on line 838 and feedback signals on line 837. The output of generator 834 is provided on line 833 to rectifier 836 and subsequently to H-bridge 831. The resultant signal is fed as an output signal to one phase of three-phase motor 830.
  • Each of the other generators (844 and 854) operate in a similar manner to drive the remaining two phases of motor 830 (with each component for generators 844 and 854 being similarly numbered to those of generator 834, except that the tens digit is changed from 3 to 4 and 5, respectively).
  • the unit integration occurs primarily at input circuit 814, where feedback signals from each of generators 834, 844, and 854, and three-phase motor 830 are coordinated and compensated for.
  • Input circuit 814 adjusts each of the control signals to generators 834, 844, and 854 to maintain three-phase motor 830 at the proper rotational frequency with proper phase offsets.

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Abstract

Un amplificateur rotatif de puissance pulsée (100) fournit une puissance électrique de haute intensité, à la demande, en convertissant une énergie cinétique stockée en un signal électrique parfaitement contrôlable. La conversion s'effectue grâce à une structure composite constituée d'une roue-volant (106) fixée à un générateur sans balai (104), de sorte que les électro-aimants rotatifs (112) du générateur sans balai (104) soient maintenus en place essentiellement par la roue-volant (106). L'amplificateur rotatif (100) produit un grand signal de sortie à courant continu à partir d'un petit signal d'entrée à courant continu, ou bien fournit un signal de sortie à courant alternatif augmenté à partir d'un petit signal d'entrée à courant alternatif. Une commande additionnelle de la sortie de l'amplificateur peut s'effectuer par l'intermédiaire d'un circuit de rétroaction (200) qui ajuste un signal de commande basé essentiellement sur un signal de sortie.
PCT/US1996/009151 1995-06-06 1996-06-05 Amplificateur rotatif de puissance pulsee WO1996039737A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU60260/96A AU6026096A (en) 1995-06-06 1996-06-05 Pulsed power rotary amplifier

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US47270695A 1995-06-06 1995-06-06
US08/472,706 1995-06-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996039737A1 true WO1996039737A1 (fr) 1996-12-12

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PCT/US1996/009151 WO1996039737A1 (fr) 1995-06-06 1996-06-05 Amplificateur rotatif de puissance pulsee

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AU (1) AU6026096A (fr)
WO (1) WO1996039737A1 (fr)

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3020466A (en) * 1959-12-30 1962-02-06 Motorola Inc Electric generator
US4309620A (en) * 1979-12-03 1982-01-05 Calspan Corporation Flywheel electric transmission apparatus
US4355276A (en) * 1979-04-11 1982-10-19 Medicor Muvek Apparatus for supplying high power electric loads operated in a pulse-like manner, especially for X-ray equipment
US4629947A (en) * 1985-04-03 1986-12-16 Hammerslag Julius G Electric vehicle drive system
US4996016A (en) * 1988-12-07 1991-02-26 Board Of Regents University Of Texas System Methods for making reinforced composite flywheels and shafts
US5065060A (en) * 1989-03-06 1991-11-12 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Flywheel type energy storage apparatus
EP0522657A1 (fr) * 1991-07-09 1993-01-13 Ccm Beheer B.V. Circuit de commande pour un convertisseur à courant continu/à courant triphasé
US5418446A (en) * 1993-05-10 1995-05-23 Hallidy; William M. Variable speed constant frequency synchronous electric power generating system and method of using same

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3020466A (en) * 1959-12-30 1962-02-06 Motorola Inc Electric generator
US4355276A (en) * 1979-04-11 1982-10-19 Medicor Muvek Apparatus for supplying high power electric loads operated in a pulse-like manner, especially for X-ray equipment
US4309620A (en) * 1979-12-03 1982-01-05 Calspan Corporation Flywheel electric transmission apparatus
US4629947A (en) * 1985-04-03 1986-12-16 Hammerslag Julius G Electric vehicle drive system
US4996016A (en) * 1988-12-07 1991-02-26 Board Of Regents University Of Texas System Methods for making reinforced composite flywheels and shafts
US5065060A (en) * 1989-03-06 1991-11-12 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Flywheel type energy storage apparatus
EP0522657A1 (fr) * 1991-07-09 1993-01-13 Ccm Beheer B.V. Circuit de commande pour un convertisseur à courant continu/à courant triphasé
US5418446A (en) * 1993-05-10 1995-05-23 Hallidy; William M. Variable speed constant frequency synchronous electric power generating system and method of using same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU6026096A (en) 1996-12-24

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