WO1996039627A1 - Appareil et procede de fixation d'une sonde etiquetee et/ou d'un anticorps a des macromolecules - Google Patents

Appareil et procede de fixation d'une sonde etiquetee et/ou d'un anticorps a des macromolecules Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996039627A1
WO1996039627A1 PCT/US1995/007134 US9507134W WO9639627A1 WO 1996039627 A1 WO1996039627 A1 WO 1996039627A1 US 9507134 W US9507134 W US 9507134W WO 9639627 A1 WO9639627 A1 WO 9639627A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bag
membrane
tray
solution
roller
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1995/007134
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English (en)
Inventor
Peter Schmid
Original Assignee
Peter Schmid
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to US08/242,148 priority Critical patent/US5425917A/en
Priority claimed from US08/242,148 external-priority patent/US5425917A/en
Application filed by Peter Schmid filed Critical Peter Schmid
Priority to PCT/US1995/007134 priority patent/WO1996039627A1/fr
Priority to EP95923720A priority patent/EP0871876A4/fr
Priority to CA002223536A priority patent/CA2223536C/fr
Publication of WO1996039627A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996039627A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6813—Hybridisation assays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/416—Systems
    • G01N27/447—Systems using electrophoresis
    • G01N27/44704—Details; Accessories
    • G01N27/44717—Arrangements for investigating the separated zones, e.g. localising zones

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an automated apparatus and method for attaching a labeled probe and/or an antibody to macromolecules such as nucleic acid fragments and proteins.
  • DNA/RNA nucleic acid
  • proteins of interest which have been physically separated from other macromolecules on a molecular weight basis, for example, by electrophoresis and transferred to a filter or membrane has generally been accomplished manually.
  • the membrane carrying the separated macromolecules is inserted in a plastic bag (or box) .
  • a plurality of reagents are sequentially added to and removed from the bag with the bag being sealed after each reagent is added so that the reagent can be agitated, for example, by shaking the bag to uniformly dispose the membrane to the reagent.
  • the bag then must be unsealed when one reagent is to be removed and a new one added.
  • the Biochemicals Division of Boehringer Mannhein of Indianapolis, Indiana suggests the following procedure for hybridizing labeled (non-radioactive) DNA to immobilized target DNA affixed to a nitrocellulos filter or nylon membrane.
  • the filter or membrane is initially prehybridized by sealing each filter in a plastic bag (or box) with a quantity (e.g. 20 ml/100cm2 of filter) of hybridization solution for about one hour.
  • the solution is redistributed over the filter periodically by manually moving or shaking the bag.
  • the bag is then opened and the prehybridization solution removed and replaced with an additional quantity of hybridization solution containing a small quantity (e.g., 25ng) of labeled and freshly denatured DNA. Care must be taken to prevent the filters from becoming dry when exchanging the solutions .
  • a small quantity e.g. 25ng
  • the bag is then resealed and the filter incubated at an appropriate temperature for several hours .
  • the bag should be shaken or otherwise agitated from time to time.
  • the bag is them reopened, the excess labeled DNA and solution removed.
  • a wash solution is then inserted into the bag, the bag sealed and agitated to further remove unattached labeled DNA and hybridization solution from the bag. Additional washing steps may be used.
  • An antibody conjugate solution replaces the wash solution and the filter is incubated for an appropriate time to allow the antibody to bind to the labeled DNA.
  • the unbound antibody is removed and the filter washed.
  • the bag is also agitated during these additional steps .
  • the filter is then exposed to a prepared color developer which reacts with the antibody to produce a colored precipitate identifying the target DNA.
  • radioactive substance to form the labeled DNA eliminates the antibody and color forming steps.
  • the location of the radioactive material may be detected by photographic techniques. However, the precautions required in handling radioactive material may more than offset the antibody and color developer steps .
  • the identity of target proteins separated by, for example, the Western Blotting technique requires steps similar to the steps outlined above with respect to hybridizing labeled non- radioactive DNA to target DNA except that the labeled probe consists of an antibody which contains a phosphorescent material or has an enzyme attached to it which will allow for either a color substrate development or a chemiluminescent development, as is well known to those skilled in the art.
  • an apparatus for attaching a labeled probe to macromolecules such as DNA/RNA fragments or proteins attached to a membrane includes a plurality of liquid reservoirs .
  • Each reservoir contains a solution to which the membrane or filter is to be exposed during the labeling process with one reservoir containing the probe.
  • a flexible bag is provided for receiving the membrane and includes an inlet and an outlet port through which liquid may be inserted into and removed from the bag while the membrane is disposed within the bag.
  • Means such as pumps are provided to selectively transfer liquid from the reservoir to the inlet port of the bag and for selectively evacuating the bag so that reagents from the individual reservoirs can be sequentially supplied to and removed from the bag.
  • a tiltable tray or cage on a thermal controlled table is provided for supporting and periodically tilting the bag about a horizontal axis to cause liquid within the bag to flow back and forth across the surface of the membrane.
  • one or more rollers may be disposed within the tray to roll back and forth over the top surface of the bag during the tilting action to uniformly expose "the membrane to very small quantities of solution within the bag.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic drawing of an apparatus in accordance with the invention particularly adapted for the non- radioactive labeling of DNA/RNA strands;
  • Figure 2 is a side elevational view, partially in cross section, of the pair of syringes shown in Figure 1 which hold the labeled probe;
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of one of the bags, the tiltable tray and the rollers shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of one of the bags of Figure 1 with a developed membrane extending through an open end of the bag;
  • Figure 5 is an exploded perspective view of one of the inlet/outlet ports incorporated into the bags of Figure 1;
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of one of the metering pipette tips for holding the antibody and a portion of the manifold of Figure 1; and Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of a backflow prevention valve affixed to the inlet end of the pipettes used in the apparatus of Figure 1. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
  • the macromolecules may be separated on a molecular weight basis by one of the accepted techniques, such as the Southern Blot, Western Blot, etc., known to those skilled in the art and transferred to the membranes 12 by a vacuum or other well known technique. See, for example, U.S. Patent No. 4,911,816.
  • the macromolecules 14 as transferred to the membrane would not be visible and hence the need to attach a label thereto which can be identified visually.
  • the bags 10 include an inlet port 16 and an outlet port 18. Each such port is formed by a hollow nipple 20 having a threaded stem 20a which extends through an opening 22 in the bag, a sealing gasket or 0 ring 23 and a threaded nut 24 as is best illustrated in Figures 4 and 5.
  • the nipple includes a central passageway 20b and flat head (or lower surface) 20c with radial grooves 20d therein.
  • the nipple head 20c is positioned in the interior of the bag 10. With the bag in its normally collapsed or flat condition, liquid may enter or exit the bag through the nipple 20 via grooves 20d and the central passageway 20b.
  • the bags 10 are approximately the size of the membrane and include a large sealable opening 10a through which the membrane is inserted as is illustrated in Figure 4.
  • the openings 10a sealed (e.g., by a heat sealing technique) once a membrane is inserted therein so that the inlet and outlet ports provide the only access to the interior of the bags.
  • a T-fitting 25 is connected between the stem 20a of each inlet port and a reagent distribution manifold (to be described) by means of tubing 26a and 26b.
  • the side inlet 25a of the T-fitting is provided for receiving the labeled probe as will be described.
  • each tray has a flat bottom 30, which serves a support surface for the respective bag 10, a U-shaped upstanding side wall 32 and a pair of inwardly projecting stub walls 34.
  • the stub walls have a bottom surface which extends above the tray bottom 30 to accommodate the sides of the bag 10 with the inlet and outlet ports positioned forward of the walls 34 as is illustrated in Figure 3.
  • a pair of spring biased clips 36 (only one of which is shown) are mounted on the tray bottoms 30 for releasably holding the forward end of a bag 10 on the tray.
  • the bags 10 are of any suitable size to accommodate the membranes in use. Typically the bags will be about 10 x 12 cm.
  • a pair of rollers 38 (sometimes referred to as spreading members), made of nylon or other suitable low friction material, are positioned within each tray 28 and on the top surface of the associated bag 10 as is illustrated in Figures 1 and 3.
  • the rollers roll back and forth over the top surface of the bags 10 as a result of a periodic tilting of the tray about a horizontal axis for continuously and uniformly distributing solution within the bags over the membranes.
  • the rollers 38 rest on the top surface of the bags 10 and apply a substantially constant pressure on that surface by force of gravity.
  • the rollers are free to move up or down relative to the bag support surfaces or tray bottoms 30 to accommodate different volumes of solutions within the bags .
  • the distance of the rollers above the bag support surface 30 is self adjusting, that is, as the level of fill of the bag increases the distance increases and visa versa.
  • the side walls 32 of the trays 28 prohibit lateral movements of the rollers and rotations of the roller axes.
  • the trays 38 which have a longitudinal axis parallel to the direction of movement of the rollers 38, are suitable secured on a table 40 which is mounted on a suitable support (now shown) for rotation about horizontal stub axles 42.
  • a link 44 is pivotally mounted at one end to one corner of the table 38 and the other end to a motor driven tilt wheel 46.
  • the motor driven wheel 46 under the control of a central controller or processor 50, oscillates the table through an appropriate angle 0 ( Figure 3) within the range of about 5° to 25° and preferably 15°.
  • Heat is supplied to the table via an electric heater 48 embedded within or suitable affixed to the table. Current to the heater is supplied by a conventional power main (not shown) and controlled by the controller. Heat is removed from the table by an electric fan 52 which is also controlled by the controller 50.
  • a display unit 54 provides a digital readout of the temperature of the table.
  • Reagents suitable for nonradioactive DNA labeling can be obtained in kit form.
  • Such reagents include a prehybridization solution or blocking buffer to prevent non-specific binding of the labeled probe (to be described) to the membrane.
  • the prehybridization solution may be prepared from the following constituents :
  • the prehybridization solution (100 ml) is stored in a vial 56 disposed within an electric heater unit 58.
  • the heater includes a manual control knob 58a for adjusting the temperature.
  • the prehybridization vial 56 has an inlet connected through a pressure relief valve 60 to an electrically driven air pump 62 (under the control of controller 50) .
  • the prehybridization vial has an outlet connected through tubing 64, associated flow restrictor pipettes 66, solution distribution manifolds 68, tubing 26b and solenoid operated pinch valves 69 to the inlet ports 16 of the bags 10 as is illustrated in Figure 1.
  • the pinch valves 69 are normally closed i.e., pinching the flexible tubes 26b to a closed position.
  • the controller 50 causes the pinch valves to open during the injection of a reagent into the bags 10.
  • Each pipette 66 includes a duckbill type back flow valve 70 at the top thereof to prevent solution within the manifold from flowing back into the reagent containers . See Figure 7.
  • a small quantity of nonradioactive digoxigenin labeled DNA probe 70 (e.g., 2 ⁇ g in 10 ⁇ l of solution) is contained in each of two pipette tips 71 secured to the discharge ends of syringes 72 (see Figure 2) .
  • the probe may be prepared, for example, by a Nick translation, random priming or polymerase chain reaction procedure from a sample clone containing the sequence to be detected.
  • the syringes 72 contain a small quantity (e.g. 3 ml) of hybridization solution 73 (same as the prehybridization solution discussed above) to minimize the dilution of the probe.
  • the syringes 72 are held in place by a bracket 74 so that the lower portions thereof including the pipette sections 71 are immersed in a water bath contained within a container 75.
  • the water bath is positioned on a plate 76 and electrically heated via heater wires (not shown) embedded in the container 75.
  • a syringe pump 78 (under the control of the controller 50) is arranged to depress the syringe plungers 72a via a plate 78a to force the hybridization solution within the syringes and the labeled probe within the pipette sections 71 into the inlet ports of the bags 10 through tubing 80. See Figures 1 and 3.
  • the use of tubes 80 and side inlets 25a of the T-sections 25 minimizes the quantity of labeled probe that is necessary and prevents probe contamination of the manifolds .
  • a quantity of buffer/wash 82 (comprising, for example, .3 M NaCl; 0.03 M Na-citrate; pH 8.0(20°C)) is contained in a container or bottle 84.
  • a cap 84a seals the top of the bottle.
  • the buffer/wash solution is supplied to the inlet ports of the bag 10 through tube 86, associated pipettes 66, manifolds 68 and tubes 26b.
  • An electrically driven air pump 88 under the control of controller 50, supplies air under pressure to the top of the bottle 84 via tube 90. The air pressure on the top of the liquid within bottle 84 forces the liquid through the tube 86 and into the inlet ports of the bag.
  • the quantity of liquid delivered from the bottle depends upon the air pressure provided by the pump, the pumping time and the size of the metering ports in the associated pipettes 66.
  • a pressure relief valve 91 is opened when the air pump is deactivated to reduce the pressure within the bottle to atmospheric in order to stop the flow immediately.
  • a buffer no. 1 solution 92 is contained within a bottle or container 94.
  • Buffer no. 1 is supplied to the inlet ports of the bags through tubing 96, associated pipettes 66, manifolds 68 etc. Again the quantity of the solution within the bottle 94 delivered to the bags 10 is controlled by an electrically driven air pump 98.
  • Another pressure relief valve 99 relieves the pressure on the top of the solution as soon as the pumping action is terminated.
  • Buffer no. 1 may be prepared from 100 mM Tris-HCl; 150 mM NaCl; pH 7.5(20°) .
  • Buffer no. 1 is alternatively delivered along with a antibody conjugate solution via tube 102, electrically driven positive displacement pump 104 (under the control of controller 50), associated pipettes 66, manifolds 68 and tubes 26b to the inlets of the bags.
  • a small quantity (e.g. 8 ⁇ l) of the antibody conjugate 100 is stored in two metering sections 102 attached to the ends of the associated pipettes 66. The discharge ends of the metering sections 102 are disposed in openings in the manifold 68 as is illustrated in Figure 6.
  • the antibody conjugate is part of the DNA labeling kit provided by Boehringer.
  • a buffer no. 2 solution 104 contained within a bottle or container 106 is supplied to the inlet ports of the bags 10 through tubing 108 and associated pipettes 66 etc. Again an electrically driven air pump 110 supplies air to the top of the container 106 and pressure relief valve 112 relieves the pressure within the bottle as soon as the pumping action has ceased.
  • Buffer no. 2 pretreats the membrane after the antibody conjugate has attached to the labeled probe in advance of the addition of a coloring solution (not shown) for providing a colored label at the target DNA sites.
  • the air pumps 88, 98 and 110 as well as the relief valves are operated by controller 50.
  • An antibody blocking buffer supplied by Boehringer or another suitable source, is stored in a vial 114 and supplied to ⁇ the inlet ports of the bags 10 by means of a positive displacement pump 116 (under the control of controller 50), tubes 112, and pipette tips 120.
  • the antibody blocking buffer is transferred to the bags 10 in advance of the antibody to prevent non-specific binding of the antibody to the membrane.
  • the vial 5II4 includes a cap 114a which has an outlet connected to the pump 116 via tube 122.
  • a breather tube 124 allows air to enter the cap and vial to replace buffer transferred to the bags.
  • a waste container or bottle 126 is connected to the outlet ports 18 of the bags 10 via tubes 128 and also to a vacuum pump Q 130 (under the control of controller 50) .
  • a cap 126a seals the top of the container 126.
  • the pump 130 When actuated the pump 130 provides a low or subatmospheric pressure within the container 126 and the tubes 128 to withdraw fluid (air and/or liquid) from the bags 10.
  • a relief valve 131 restores atmospheric pressure within the 33t:ontainer 126 when deactivated.
  • a check valve (not shown) inside each of tubes 128 prevents any back flow to the bags 10.
  • the following protocol (DNA labeling) provides an example of the use of the apparatus and method with respect to labeling macromolecules separated by molecular weight, for example, and attached to a membrane or filter.
  • Air pump 62 is activated for a preset time to inject a prescribed quantity (e.g. 10 ml) of the prehybridization solution from vial 56 into the bags through the inlet ports thereof.
  • the table 40 is heated by the electrical heating element to a temperature of about 68'C.
  • the table is also oscillated by the motor driven tilt wheel 46 to cause the rollers 48 to roll back and forth across the top surface of the bags to continually mix and redistribute the solution over the membranes.
  • the step duration is about one to one and a half hours. It should be noted that the table 40 is oscillated during each of the subsequent steps to ensure that membranes are thoroughly exposed to the reagents within the bags 10.
  • step 2 Just prior to the termination of step 2 , (e.g., 10 minutes) heat is supplied to the beaker support plate 76 to bring the temperature of the waterbath in the beaker 78 to boiling or near boiling temperature. This step results in a denaturation of the labeled DNA probe (i.e., separating the strands thereof) .
  • Vacuum pump 130 is energized to drain the prehybridization solution from the bags 10.
  • Solenoid 78 is energized to inject the labeled probe (e.g., 8 ⁇ l) along with the hybridization solution (e.g., 3 ml) in syringes 72 into the bags. The membranes are then incubated for four to six hours with the table temperature set at about 65°. The denatured labeled probe binds to the immobilized target DNA strands affixed to the membrane while the hybridization solution blocks the probe from binding to the membrane per se.
  • the contents of the bag are drained via the vacuum pump.
  • the table is cooled by means of fan 52 to about 55"C.
  • the wash buffer 82 is then added to the bags and the membranes incubated for about twenty minutes .
  • wash buffer 82 is again added to the bags and the membranes incubated for about 20 minutes as in step 7.
  • the bags are drained.
  • the table is cooled to about room temperature.
  • IMMUNOSTATNTNG 14 Buffer no. 1 is added (e.g., 10-15 ml) and the membranes are left to incubate for about two minutes.
  • the bags are drained.
  • Buffer no. 1 is again added and the membranes are left to incubate for about two minutes . 17. The bags are drained.
  • a prescribed quantity of antibody blocking buffer (e.g. , prescribed 10-15 ml) is added to the bags via pump 116 and the membranes left to incubate for about thirty minutes.
  • Buffer no. 1 e.g., 10-15 ml
  • the membranes are left to incubate for about two minutes.
  • the bags are drained.
  • the antibody conjugate solution 100 is injected along with buffer no. 1 via pump 104 and the membranes are left to incubate for about thirty minutes .
  • the antibody binds to the DNA probe.
  • the antibody includes an enzyme which is adapted to react with a developing solution to produce a colored precipitate as will be explained.
  • the bags are drained.
  • Buffer no. 1 is added and the membranes are left to incubate for about two minutes .
  • Buffer no. 1 is added and the membranes are left to incubate for about two minutes . 31. The bags are drained.
  • Buffer no. 1 is added and the membranes are left to incubate for about two minutes.
  • Buffer no. 1 is added and the membranes are left to incubate for about two minutes.
  • Buffer no. 3 e.g., 10-15 ml is added and the membranes are left to incubate for about two minutes .
  • Buffer no. 3 is added and the membranes are left to incubate for about two minutes . 41. The bags are drained. 42. End.
  • the above procedure attaches a labeled probe (including a color producing antibody) to the target DNA strands.
  • the label can be detected or made visible by the addition of a suitable developer solution to the membranes within the bags and allowing the membranes to incubate in the dark for a few minutes.
  • the resulting colored (e.g, dark brown) bands or marks 14 ( Figure 4) identifying the target DNA can be documented by conventional photographic or photocopying techniques. Boehringer provides an NBT solution and an x-phosphate solution which can be added to a Tris buffer in the following amounts to prepare the developer:
  • the apparatus and method described above may be used for radioactive DNA/RNA labeling by using a radioactive probe. In this case, the immunostraining steps and associated reagents are unnecessary.
  • the apparatus and method may also be used to stain proteins (deposited on a membrane via the Western Blot technique, for example) with a labeled probe in the form of an antibody.
  • the target or template is a protein and not a nucleic acid.
  • the use of blocking agents and buffers remains the same although the formulations thereof may differ. There is, of course, no need for the denaturation step and the number of reagents can be reduced.
  • the antibody probe for attachment to the target protein may be detected either by fluorescent labeling by primary or secondary antibody or by attachment of an enzyme to the antibody which in turn allows final detection by a color substrate development or chemiluminescent development . Similarly DNA probe visualization can be achieved using fluorescent or chemiluminescent techniques well known in the art.
  • a roller to move back and forth across the top surface of a bag containing liquid reagents to uniformly distribute the same over the top surface of a membrane within the bag.
  • the membrane could be uniformly exposed to very small quantities of reagents by securing the bag to a curved surface (e.g., cylindrical) which is oscillated around a horizontal axis.
  • a roller can be mounted, for example, on a stationary axel positioned above and parallel to the curved surface so that the roller presses against the top surface of the bag (via gravitational force) .
  • the roller will distribute the liquid reagent within the bag back and forth across the top surface of the membrane as the curved surface rotates back and forth around its horizontal axis.
  • the curved surface may be in the form of a bottle filled with a thermally controlled liquid.

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Abstract

La présente invention a pour objet un appareil et un procédé servant à fixer une sonde étiquetée à des macromolécules telles que des fragments d'ADN/ARN ou des protéines fixées à une membrane, à l'aide d'une poche souple à deux orifices, l'un d'entrée et l'autre de sortie. Les réactifs contenant la sonde et auxquels la membrane doit être exposée pendant le processus d'étiquetage sont conservés dans des réservoirs. L'appareil comprend des pompes qui permettent de transférer sélectivement les réactifs des réservoirs à l'orifice d'entrée et de vider sélectivement la poche par l'orifice de sortie, de façon à ce que les réactifs provenant de chaque réservoir puissent être transférés séquentiellement dans la poche ou retirés séquentiellement de celle-ci lorsque la membrane y est positionnée. L'appareil comprend également un ou plusieurs rouleaux qui effectuent un mouvement avant-arrière sur le dessus de la poche de façon à ce qu'à l'intérieur de la poche, la membrane soit exposée uniformément au réactif.
PCT/US1995/007134 1992-11-09 1995-06-05 Appareil et procede de fixation d'une sonde etiquetee et/ou d'un anticorps a des macromolecules WO1996039627A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/242,148 US5425917A (en) 1992-11-09 1994-05-13 Apparatus for attaching a labeled probe and/or antibody to macromolecules
PCT/US1995/007134 WO1996039627A1 (fr) 1994-05-13 1995-06-05 Appareil et procede de fixation d'une sonde etiquetee et/ou d'un anticorps a des macromolecules
EP95923720A EP0871876A4 (fr) 1995-06-05 1995-06-05 Appareil et procede de fixation d'une sonde etiquetee et/ou d'un anticorps a des macromolecules
CA002223536A CA2223536C (fr) 1994-05-13 1995-06-05 Appareil et procede de fixation d'une sonde etiquetee et/ou d'un anticorps a des macromolecules

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/242,148 US5425917A (en) 1992-11-09 1994-05-13 Apparatus for attaching a labeled probe and/or antibody to macromolecules
PCT/US1995/007134 WO1996039627A1 (fr) 1994-05-13 1995-06-05 Appareil et procede de fixation d'une sonde etiquetee et/ou d'un anticorps a des macromolecules
CA002223536A CA2223536C (fr) 1994-05-13 1995-06-05 Appareil et procede de fixation d'une sonde etiquetee et/ou d'un anticorps a des macromolecules

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WO1996039627A1 true WO1996039627A1 (fr) 1996-12-12

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3224737A (en) * 1964-10-23 1965-12-21 Richard S Backlund Agitator table
US3998434A (en) * 1975-02-21 1976-12-21 Gaynor Edwin S Photographic tray rocker
US4125335A (en) * 1977-02-03 1978-11-14 Blume Horst K Agitator system
US4307965A (en) * 1980-05-30 1981-12-29 Innovative Medical Systems Corp. Mixing apparatus
WO1986004255A1 (fr) 1985-01-25 1986-07-31 James William Walsh Systeme et procede de traitement de membranes
US4704256A (en) * 1980-09-23 1987-11-03 California Institute Of Technology Apparatus for the sequential performance of chemical processes
EP0312252A2 (fr) 1987-10-13 1989-04-19 O'Donovan, Kevin Dispositif permettant d'appliquer un fluide à une feuille absorbante
US4911816A (en) 1986-02-04 1990-03-27 Oncor, Inc. Process for conducting electrophoresis and transfer
US5089233A (en) * 1989-06-12 1992-02-18 Eastman Kodak Company Processing apparatus for a chemical reaction pack
US5154888A (en) * 1990-10-25 1992-10-13 Eastman Kodak Company Automatic sealing closure means for closing off a passage in a flexible cuvette

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3224737A (en) * 1964-10-23 1965-12-21 Richard S Backlund Agitator table
US3998434A (en) * 1975-02-21 1976-12-21 Gaynor Edwin S Photographic tray rocker
US4125335A (en) * 1977-02-03 1978-11-14 Blume Horst K Agitator system
US4307965A (en) * 1980-05-30 1981-12-29 Innovative Medical Systems Corp. Mixing apparatus
US4704256A (en) * 1980-09-23 1987-11-03 California Institute Of Technology Apparatus for the sequential performance of chemical processes
WO1986004255A1 (fr) 1985-01-25 1986-07-31 James William Walsh Systeme et procede de traitement de membranes
US4911816A (en) 1986-02-04 1990-03-27 Oncor, Inc. Process for conducting electrophoresis and transfer
EP0312252A2 (fr) 1987-10-13 1989-04-19 O'Donovan, Kevin Dispositif permettant d'appliquer un fluide à une feuille absorbante
US5089233A (en) * 1989-06-12 1992-02-18 Eastman Kodak Company Processing apparatus for a chemical reaction pack
US5154888A (en) * 1990-10-25 1992-10-13 Eastman Kodak Company Automatic sealing closure means for closing off a passage in a flexible cuvette

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP0871876A4 *

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