WO1996036012A1 - Image reduction method and device - Google Patents
Image reduction method and device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996036012A1 WO1996036012A1 PCT/NL1996/000176 NL9600176W WO9636012A1 WO 1996036012 A1 WO1996036012 A1 WO 1996036012A1 NL 9600176 W NL9600176 W NL 9600176W WO 9636012 A1 WO9636012 A1 WO 9636012A1
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- Prior art keywords
- image
- matrix
- represented
- spatial frequencies
- reproducing device
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 29
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 title description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000033458 reproduction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000038 chest Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004091 panning Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T3/00—Geometric image transformations in the plane of the image
- G06T3/40—Scaling of whole images or parts thereof, e.g. expanding or contracting
- G06T3/4084—Scaling of whole images or parts thereof, e.g. expanding or contracting in the transform domain, e.g. fast Fourier transform [FFT] domain scaling
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for image manipulation wherein image details of an image represented by an image matrix are reproduced by an image reproducing device, which image reproducing device reproduces the represented image so as to he rendered spatially discrete in at least one
- Examples of such image reproducing devices are image monitors, laser printers and LCD-displays.
- image information with a fine detail resolution. For computer systems, this is expressed in the dimension of a matrix of picture points or picture elements, also termed pixels. It occurs that an image matrix contains a larger number of picture elements than the image reproducing device is able to reproduce. This situation occurs, inter alia, in the case of lung imaging by means of X-radiation, where an x-ray image recorded by an image recorder is
- the image information will be recorded in a matrix of, for instance, 2000x2000 elements (pixels), while the most conventional image monitors can only reproduce a matrix of about 1000x1200 picture elements.
- the weighted addition is generally chosen so that the frequency components lying outside the reproducible frequency range are suppressed;
- JPEG-standard which is intended for obtaining image compression to enable efficient storage or transfer of image information.
- An exampe hereof is the photo-CD.
- Methods 1 and 3 have the major drawback that high- frequency frequency components are suppressed and hence detail information is lost.
- Method 2 has the drawback that a survey is lacking. In the case of the above-mentioned thorax imaging, for instance, it would not be possible to view the left and right lungs simultaneously.
- the object of the invention is to overcome the above drawbacks and is based on the insight that, to that end, use can be made of the phenomenon that the spectrum of spatial frequencies of reproductions of natural objects (for instance x-ray photos) decreases from low co high frequencies
- the high-frequency part of that spectrum usually originates to a considerable extent from statistic processes which are connected to the image formation and do not form part of the object to be reproduced (nondeterministic noise).
- This high-frequency part of that spectrum comprising mainly nondeterministic noise, can hence be eliminated or attenuated prior to the image reproduction.
- the image reproducing device is able to reproduce a uniform spectrum up to the limit frequency. This means, together with the foregoing, that the infcrmation capacity of the image reproducing device is usually much greater than the information in the image presented thereto. This means that there is 'unused space' in the spectrum of spatial frequencies.
- the method according to the invention is characterized in that the image represented by the image matrix, prior to being fed to the image reproducing device, is locally manipulated in that the spectrum of the image
- the modification having as a result that the limit frequency of the original spectrum of the image represented by the image matrix is reduced to a new limit frequency in the modified spectrum.
- the original order of the spectral components is maintained in that the original spectral components are converted, by means of a nonlinear funtion, into new spectral components to be fed to the image reproducing device.
- a noncontinuous function it is also possible to use a noncontinuous function, so that the order of the original spectral components can be changed and special optical effects can be obtained.
- a second preferred embodiinent of a method according to the invention is characterized in that the local manipulation is a weighted combination of image scale and/or displacement and/or rotation.
- manipulations are available, also those involving exclusively a change of the image scale or only displacement or only rotation, or a combination of two of the three possibilities, if two of the three or all three possibilities are used, the respective weighting factors determine the correlation between the methods of manipulation that have been used.
- a furtner preferred embodiment of a method according to the invention is characterized in that the weighting factors depend on the spatial frequencies which are locally present in the image represented by the image matrix.
- the manipulation is limited locally, i.e. it does not extend into the image represented by the image matrix further than where the spatial frequencies of the image represented by the image matrix satisfy the conditions for a particular degree of
- a further embodiment of the invention is characterized in that within the frequency domain of spatial frequencies, the local manipulation is represented by a nonlinear reproduction of the spatial frequencies of the image represented by the image matrix on the spatial frequencies of the image to be reproduced by the reproducing device, which nonlinearity increases from frequency nil to a maximum value.
- the invention also relates to a device for carrying out the above-described method, which device is characterized by an image memory coupled to the image recorder, an image identification device coupled to the image memory, and at least one image manipulator coupled to the output of the image identification device, the output of the image manipulator being coupled to the image reproducing device and coupled, via a spectrum analyser, to an input of the image identification device.
- Fig. 1 shows an l/f spectrum with statistic noise of spatial frequencies before and after local manipulation according to the invention has taken place
- Fig. 2 shows the relation, in the frequency domain, between the spatial frequencies of the image represented by the image matrix and the spatial frequencies of the image to be reproduced by the reproducing device;
- Fig. 3 shows a short pulse in the local domain, the associated spectrum of spatial frequencies, the spectrum of spatial frequencies after local manipulation has taken place and the reproduction in the local domain of the image
- Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic block diagram of a possible device for carrying out the method according to the invention.
- Fig. 1 shows the spectrum of an image having an intensity which decreases from low to high spatial frequencies and approaching a substantially uniform spectrum. This 'ground level' is often the result of the statistic character of the detection process underlying the image formation (noise).
- This first spectrum is limited to a limit frequency xg 1 . if it is known which intensity level underlies nondeterministic noise, i.e. noise which does not form part of the object to be reproduced, a part thereof can be removed by applying a threshold. Then, a frequency transformation is for instance used, wherein each frequency is shifted to a new value to meet the following conditions:
- function is also a decreasing function of X 1 and less than 1.
- FIG. 4 shows in block-diagrammatic form an example of a device for carrying out the above-described method
- a camera 1 or another type of image reproducer is coupled to an image memory 2 wherein the image information is stored as long as is necessary for the image manipulation.
- the output of the image memory 2 is coupled to an image identifier 3 identifying image details eligible for manipulation and selectively feds these details to at least one of the image- manipulating members 4a, 4b and 4c; in this case, a translator 4a, a rotator 4b and an enlarger 4c respectively.
- a translator 4a, a rotator 4b and an enlarger 4c By means of the translator, details which are located very close together are 'pulled' apart.
- the output signals of the image manipulator are combined and examined by a spectrum analyser 5 to determine to what extent the image manipulations exerted have the desired effect on the image spectrum.
- the manipulated image is, as required, fed again to the image identifier 3 until the desired image spectrum is suitable for being reproduced by image reproducing device 6.
- the output signals of the image manipulators at least one of which is present, can be weighted before being fed to the spectrum analyser 5 of the image reproducing device 6.
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Abstract
By means of available image recorders or image generators, it is possible to compose image information with a high detail resolution. This can be expressed in the dimension of a matrix of picture points or picture elements, also referred to as pixels. It occurs that an image matrix contains a larger number of picture elements than an image reproducing device is able to reproduce, as in the case of lung imaging by means of X-radiation, where an X-ray image recorded by an image recorder is reproduced on the screen of a cathode ray tube such as an image monitor. The image information can then be recorded in a matrix of, for instance, 2000 x 2000 elements (pixels), while the most conventional image monitors can only reproduce a matrix of about 1000 x 1200 picture elements. By locally manipulating the image represented by the image matrix before it is fed to the image reproducing device, and/or by causing the degree of local manipulation to be dependent on the spatial frequencies that are locally present in the image represented by the image matrix, the effect achieved is that the spatial frequencies of the image fed to the image reproducing device fit within the matrix of the image reproducing device. The same result is reached by locally manipulating the image represented by the image matrix, before it is fed to the image reproducing device, in such a manner that in the frequency domain of spatial frequencies, the local manipulation is represented by a nonlinear reproduction of the spatial frequencies of the image represented by the image matrix on the spatial frequencies of the image to be reproduced by the reproducing device.
Description
Title:
IMAGE REDUCTION METHOD AND DEVICE
The invention relates to a method for image manipulation wherein image details of an image represented by an image matrix are reproduced by an image reproducing device, which image reproducing device reproduces the represented image so as to he rendered spatially discrete in at least one
direction.
Examples of such image reproducing devices are image monitors, laser printers and LCD-displays.
with available image recorders or image generators, it is possible to compose image information with a fine detail resolution. For computer systems, this is expressed in the dimension of a matrix of picture points or picture elements, also termed pixels. It occurs that an image matrix contains a larger number of picture elements than the image reproducing device is able to reproduce. This situation occurs, inter alia, in the case of lung imaging by means of X-radiation, where an x-ray image recorded by an image recorder is
reproduced on the screen of a cathode ray tube such as an image monitor. The image information will be recorded in a matrix of, for instance, 2000x2000 elements (pixels), while the most conventional image monitors can only reproduce a matrix of about 1000x1200 picture elements.
in accordance with the existing art, this is solved in one or more of the following manners:
1. by combining a number of adjacent pixels by means of a weighted addition to form a smaller number of pixels; in order to avoid interference effects known as 'aliasing', the weighted addition is generally chosen so that the frequency components lying outside the reproducible frequency range are suppressed;
2. by limiting the image reproduction to a section of the image matrix; in order to judge all image parts, the
observer should choose the section ('panning and
scrolling'); if the matrix of the section is not greater than that of the image reproducing device, no information is lost;
3. a third method of image manipulation is formed by the
so-called JPEG-standard which is intended for obtaining image compression to enable efficient storage or transfer of image information. An exampe hereof is the photo-CD. A detailed description of the use of JPEG for image
compression is given in US-A-5, 168,375.
Methods 1 and 3 have the major drawback that high- frequency frequency components are suppressed and hence detail information is lost.
Method 2 has the drawback that a survey is lacking. In the case of the above-mentioned thorax imaging, for instance, it would not be possible to view the left and right lungs simultaneously.
The object of the invention is to overcome the above drawbacks and is based on the insight that, to that end, use can be made of the phenomenon that the spectrum of spatial frequencies of reproductions of natural objects (for instance x-ray photos) decreases from low co high frequencies
(l/f spectrum).
Moreover, the high-frequency part of that spectrum usually originates to a considerable extent from statistic processes which are connected to the image formation and do not form part of the object to be reproduced (nondeterministic noise). This high-frequency part of that spectrum, comprising mainly nondeterministic noise, can hence be eliminated or attenuated prior to the image reproduction. However, the image reproducing device is able to reproduce a uniform spectrum up to the limit frequency. This means, together with the foregoing, that the infcrmation capacity of the image reproducing device is usually much greater than the information in the image presented thereto. This means that there is 'unused space' in the spectrum of spatial frequencies.
By practising a method according to the invention, the above drawbacks of the method according to the prior art are met.
To that end, the method according to the invention is characterized in that the image represented by the image matrix, prior to being fed to the image reproducing device, is locally manipulated in that the spectrum of the image
represented by the image matrix is modified, which
modification is chosen so that
- the density of the spectral components increases; and
- all spectral components which are originally present and contain relevant image information remain present,
the modification having as a result that the limit frequency of the original spectrum of the image represented by the image matrix is reduced to a new limit frequency in the modified spectrum.
It is thus provided that the spatial frequencies of the image fed to the image reproducing device fit within the matrix of the image reproducing device.
it is thus also provided that the "unused space" in the spectrum of spatial frequencies is filled with information that would have been lost in the reduction method mentioned under point 1.
it is a matter of fact that such an image manipulation, which fills the image spectrum more effectively, should detract from the image character as little as possible. This means that, preferably, image structures are displaced relative co each other no more than is necessary and that the grey scale shown does not introduce any contrast reversals.
Inspice of these limitations, there remains a great freedom for adaptations. This can be understood if one realizes that often, the precise location (absolute
coordinate) in the represented image of the smallest details is of no importance, but that a slight displacement in the order of one pixel can in fact already avoid serious 'alias' formation.
in accordance with a first preferred embodiment of a method according to the invention, the original order of the spectral components is maintained in that the original spectral components are converted, by means of a nonlinear funtion, into new spectral components to be fed to the image reproducing device. However, it is also possible to use a noncontinuous function, so that the order of the original spectral components can be changed and special optical effects can be obtained.
A second preferred embodiinent of a method according to the invention is characterized in that the local manipulation is a weighted combination of image scale and/or displacement and/or rotation.
It is thus provided that a multiplicity of local
manipulations are available, also those involving exclusively a change of the image scale or only displacement or only rotation, or a combination of two of the three possibilities, if two of the three or all three possibilities are used, the respective weighting factors determine the correlation between the methods of manipulation that have been used.
A furtner preferred embodiment of a method according to the invention is characterized in that the weighting factors depend on the spatial frequencies which are locally present in the image represented by the image matrix.
It is thus automatically provided that the manipulation is limited locally, i.e. it does not extend into the image represented by the image matrix further than where the spatial frequencies of the image represented by the image matrix satisfy the conditions for a particular degree of
manipulation.
A further embodiment of the invention is characterized in that within the frequency domain of spatial frequencies, the local manipulation is represented by a nonlinear reproduction of the spatial frequencies of the image represented by the image matrix on the spatial frequencies of the image to be reproduced by the reproducing device, which nonlinearity increases from frequency nil to a maximum value.
The invention also relates to a device for carrying out the above-described method, which device is characterized by an image memory coupled to the image recorder, an image identification device coupled to the image memory, and at least one image manipulator coupled to the output of the image identification device, the output of the image manipulator being coupled to the image reproducing device and coupled, via a spectrum analyser, to an input of the image identification device.
Hereinafter, the invention will be further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 shows an l/f spectrum with statistic noise of spatial frequencies before and after local manipulation according to the invention has taken place;
Fig. 2 shows the relation, in the frequency domain, between the spatial frequencies of the image represented by the image matrix and the spatial frequencies of the image to be reproduced by the reproducing device;
Fig. 3 shows a short pulse in the local domain, the associated spectrum of spatial frequencies, the spectrum of spatial frequencies after local manipulation has taken place and the reproduction in the local domain of the image
corresponding to the locally manipulated spatial frequencies; and
Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic block diagram of a possible device for carrying out the method according to the invention.
AS an exanple. Fig. 1 shows the spectrum of an image having an intensity which decreases from low to high spatial frequencies and approaching a substantially uniform spectrum. This 'ground level' is often the result of the statistic character of the detection process underlying the image formation (noise). This first spectrum is limited to a limit frequency xg1. if it is known which intensity level underlies nondeterministic noise, i.e. noise which does not form part of the object to be reproduced, a part thereof can be removed by applying a threshold.
Then, a frequency transformation is for instance used, wherein each frequency is shifted to a new value to meet the following conditions:
1. the new frequencies X2 are a monotonously increasing
function of the old frequencies X1;
2. the limit frequency xg1 transforms into a new limit
frequency xg2 which fits within the reproduction range of the image reproducing device;
3. the first derivative of the monotonously increasing
function is positive and less than or equal to 1;
4. the first derivative of the monotonously increasing
function is also a decreasing function of X1 and less than 1.
Because of this transformation, the new spectrum will increase in density (up to the new limit frequency) at high frequencies.
The effect of this transformation in the local domain can be assessed from a short pulse of which the (uniform) spectrum continues to Xg1. After the manipulation, a spectrum has been formed having an increasing intensity up to the new limit frequency, where the gain factor will generally have its highest value. In the local domain this is a pulse as well, but now having so-called 'edge enhancement'.
It will be understood that regular structures, such as for instance lines, are reproduced in the frequency domain with a new, lower frequency. If the application requires a frequency analysis, this should be taken into account.
it will also be understood that the above-described manipulation is not limited to spectra of spatial frequencies, but that spectra of time signals can also be treated in a similar manner as described hereinabove. The effect thus achieved is that information presented with a great bandwidth for transmission by a communication channel of a smaller bandwidth, can be transmitted by that communication channel all the same. Depending on the use, an inverse transformation should then be applied at the reception end of that
communication channel.
Fig. 4 shows in block-diagrammatic form an example of a device for carrying out the above-described method, in Fig. 4, a camera 1 or another type of image reproducer is coupled to an image memory 2 wherein the image information is stored as long as is necessary for the image manipulation. The output of the image memory 2 is coupled to an image identifier 3 identifying image details eligible for manipulation and selectively feds these details to at least one of the image- manipulating members 4a, 4b and 4c; in this case, a translator 4a, a rotator 4b and an enlarger 4c respectively. By means of the translator, details which are located very close together are 'pulled' apart. By means of the rotator, lines which, for instance, virtually overlap can be shown separately, and by means of the enlarger, details which are too small can be rendered more visible. After the manipulation, the output signals of the image manipulator are combined and examined by a spectrum analyser 5 to determine to what extent the image manipulations exerted have the desired effect on the image spectrum. After this, the manipulated image is, as required, fed again to the image identifier 3 until the desired image spectrum is suitable for being reproduced by image reproducing device 6. The output signals of the image manipulators, at least one of which is present, can be weighted before being fed to the spectrum analyser 5 of the image reproducing device 6.
Claims
1. A method for image manipulation wherein image details of an image represented by an image matrix are reproduced by an image reproducing device, said image reproducing device reproducing the represented image so as to be rendered spatially discrete in at least one direction, characterized in that before being fed to the image reproducing device, the image represented by the image matrix is manipulated locally in that the spectrum of the image represented by the image matrix is modified, said modification being chosen so that - the density of the spectral components increases; and
- all spectral components which are originally present and contain relevant image information remain present,
the modification having as a result that the limit frequency of the original spectrum of the image represented by the image matrix is reduced to a new limit frequency in the modified spectrum.
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the original order of the spectral components is maintained.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the local manipulacion is a weighted combination of image scale and/or displacement and/or rotation. 4. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that the weighting factors depend on the spatial frequencies which are locally present in the image represented by the image matrix.
5. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that within the frequency domain of spatial frequencies, the local manipulation is represented by a nonlinear reproduction of the spatial frequencies of the image represented by the image matrix on the spatial frequencies of the image to be
reproduced by the reproducing device, and that the
nonlinearity increases fran frequency nil to a maximum value.
6. A method according to claim 5, characterized in that in a graphic reproduction on a Cartesian coordinate system, the content of the spectrum of spatial frequencies of the image represented by the image matrix is substantially equal to the content of the spectrum of spatial frequencies of the image fed to the image reproducing device.
7. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the local manipulation comprises local modification of the image scale and that the extent of local modification of the image scale at least depends on the local contrast.
8. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that prior to the local manipulation, statistic image noise is removed at least partly. 9. A method according to claim 8, characterized in that the removal is limited to parts of the image represented by the image matrix wherein predetermined spatial frequencies are present. 10. A method according to claim 1 cr 2, characterized in that the local manipulation depends on the intensity of the spatial frequencies that ar e local present in the image represented
identification device, the output of the image manipulator being coupled to the image reproducing device and coupled, via a spectrum analyser, to an input of the image identification device.
12. A device according to claim 11, characterized in that as image manipulator, an image translator (4a) and/or an image rotator (4b) and/or an image enlarger (4c) are/is provided. 13. A device according to claim 12 , characterized in that in the case of two or more image manipulators, the output signals thereof are combined before being fed to the image reproducing device and the spectrum analyser respectively. 14. A device according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that elements are provided for applying a weighting factor to the output signals of the at least one image manipulator.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL1000200 | 1995-04-21 | ||
| NL1000200A NL1000200C2 (en) | 1995-04-21 | 1995-04-21 | Method for reducing image information and an apparatus for carrying out the method. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1996036012A1 true WO1996036012A1 (en) | 1996-11-14 |
Family
ID=19760918
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/NL1996/000176 WO1996036012A1 (en) | 1995-04-21 | 1996-04-22 | Image reduction method and device |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| NL (1) | NL1000200C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1996036012A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1997029586A2 (en) * | 1996-02-05 | 1997-08-14 | Philips Electronics N.V. | Image data noise filtering |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2187356A (en) * | 1985-02-06 | 1987-09-03 | Rca Corp | Image-data reduction technique |
| GB2211691A (en) * | 1987-10-28 | 1989-07-05 | Hitachi Ltd | Picture coding and interpolation apparatus |
| US5168375A (en) * | 1991-09-18 | 1992-12-01 | Polaroid Corporation | Image reconstruction by use of discrete cosine and related transforms |
-
1995
- 1995-04-21 NL NL1000200A patent/NL1000200C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1996
- 1996-04-22 WO PCT/NL1996/000176 patent/WO1996036012A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2187356A (en) * | 1985-02-06 | 1987-09-03 | Rca Corp | Image-data reduction technique |
| GB2211691A (en) * | 1987-10-28 | 1989-07-05 | Hitachi Ltd | Picture coding and interpolation apparatus |
| US5168375A (en) * | 1991-09-18 | 1992-12-01 | Polaroid Corporation | Image reconstruction by use of discrete cosine and related transforms |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| MURAMATSU S ET AL: "Scale factor of resolution conversion based on orthogonal transforms", IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONICS, COMMUNICATIONS AND COMPUTER SCIENCES, JULY 1993, JAPAN, vol. E76-A, no. 7, ISSN 0916-8508, pages 1150 - 1153, XP000394717 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1997029586A2 (en) * | 1996-02-05 | 1997-08-14 | Philips Electronics N.V. | Image data noise filtering |
| WO1997029586A3 (en) * | 1996-02-05 | 1997-10-16 | Philips Electronics Nv | Image data noise filtering |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL1000200C2 (en) | 1996-10-22 |
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