WO1996034523A1 - Ground grain animal litter - Google Patents
Ground grain animal litter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996034523A1 WO1996034523A1 PCT/US1995/014761 US9514761W WO9634523A1 WO 1996034523 A1 WO1996034523 A1 WO 1996034523A1 US 9514761 W US9514761 W US 9514761W WO 9634523 A1 WO9634523 A1 WO 9634523A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- ground grain
- litter
- grain
- ground
- wheat
- Prior art date
Links
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 title description 8
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 148
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010828 animal waste Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002550 fecal effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004464 cereal grain Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000020985 whole grains Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 108010068370 Glutens Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 206010061217 Infestation Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021312 gluten Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- -1 grains Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 230000000887 hydrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035943 smell Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000251169 Alopias vulpinus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007319 Avena orientalis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000075850 Avena orientalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000209056 Secale Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007238 Secale cereale Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000062793 Sorghum vulgare Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019714 Triticale Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005667 attractant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000031902 chemoattractant activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000013872 defecation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000027939 micturition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019713 millet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000228158 x Triticosecale Species 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
- A01K1/0152—Litter
- A01K1/0155—Litter comprising organic material
Definitions
- the method of the present invention pertains to the use of a ground grain litter as a sorbent for aqueous liquids.
- the clumps formed by some prior art litters often have poor attrition resistance. Poor attrition resistance may cause contamination of the unsoiled litter by soiled particles which are abraded from the solid clumps during removal of the clump from the litter container. Also, certain litters, after being wetted and dried, may not reform into a clump if broken and rewetted. The repeated contamination of unsoiled litter by particles of soiled litter results in a decreased useful life of the litter.
- the process used to prepare some natural product litters cause the litter to take on a noticeable odor which may be unpleasant for the pet owner.
- An odor emanating from the litter may also prevent an animal from voiding in the litter container resulting in urination or defecation at places other than the litter container. This obviously can create problems for a pet owner sharing the same living space as the pe .
- the present invention provides an improved method for sorbing aqueous liquids using a ground grain litter.
- the invention provides a ground grain litter which is biodegradable, scoopable, flushable, low odor, low swelling and has a low tendency for attrition.
- a ground grain litter is composed of a ground grain that is of a type which, when water is intermittently added to the ground grain until an excess of water lays over the ground grain and is allowed to sit for 20 minutes, does not increase in volume by more than 100%.
- the ground grain utilizing the ground grain litter is derived from wheat varieties including white wheat, spring wheat, winter wheat, durum and combinations thereof.
- a ground grain litter of the invention is prepared by grinding whole raw grain in a roller mill or hammer mill at a moisture content of, preferably, 10-17%. A majority of the ground grain particles resulting from the grinding process are in a range of 250 - 2,500 microns in size.
- the ground grain litter of the invention may be used to sorb aqueous animal waste of a pet which lives in a home, apartment, office space or other building structure where humans and pets share the same space.
- the invention further provides an arrangement for sorption of aqueous animal waste which is composed of a litter container having the ground grain litter contained therein.
- the present invention is an improved method for sorbing aqueous liquids using a ground grain litter.
- the improvement is in the use of a litter composed of a biodegradable ground grain which is prepared by a process which causes the ground grain to have a low odor which makes it more appealing to the pet and pet owner.
- the ground grain of the invention tends to form a low attrition clump which is easily separated from the surrounding unwetted litter.
- the ground grain of the litter has a lower tendency to swell thus making it less likely to plug sewer or septic systems when flushed down a commode.
- the ground grain utilized in a litter of the present invention is not used as a binder which is added to another litter material to cause clumping.
- the ground grain is itself a sorbent. It is suitable for mixing with other natural or minimally sorbent litter products.
- the present litter utilizes a single or multiple ground grain which does not require a high gluten hydrating media.
- the ground grain litter of the invention is suitable for sorbing any aqueous liquid.
- the ground grain litter is useful for sorbing aqueous animal waste.
- aqueous animal waste means animal urine and aqueous liquids associated with fecal material which are voided by an animal.
- litters of the present field of the invention are used for sorption of pet animal wastes, for example, a cat.
- the litter is placed into a litter container in which the pet has been trained to enter to urinate or defecate.
- the litter container, which contains the ground grain litter is situated such that it may be contacted by an aqueous liquid. In practical terms, this means that the litter container is placed in a location accessible for the pet to void whenever necessary when housed in a home, apartment, office space or other building structure where humans and pets share the same space.
- the litter container may be made of any material which is impervious to aqueous animal waste.
- the size and shape of the container is variable, but usually it is at least large enough for the pet to enter into and move around, but is not so large as to prevent lifting of the container by a person for disposal of the soiled litter.
- the container has a bottom and sides which are high enough to maintain a depth of litter sufficient to surround the litter and sorb the voided aqueous animal waste.
- a container has a volume capacity of 1 to 5 liters.
- a "ground grain litter” is a litter composition containing ground grain.
- the ground grain is provided in the litter at greater than 30% by weight ground grain, preferably greater than 80% by weight ground grain. If the ground grain litter is made up of less than 100% of ground grain, the nonground grain portion of the litter may be composed of any other known or later discovered litter material.
- the nonground grain litter component may also contain compounds which function to mask or neutralize waste odors, provide an attractant for the animal, inhibit bacterial growth, or other similar nonsorbent function.
- ground grain means whole raw grain which is prepared using a process which is described in detail below.
- phrase “ground grain” means whole raw grain which is prepared using a process which is described in detail below.
- whole raw grain refers to a whole grain kernel as it comes out of a harvesting device typically used in harvesting agricultural products, for example, combines and threshers. Often the whole grain kernel coming out of a harvesting device will have associated with it chaff and stalk remnants. These remnant materials may or may not become part of the ground grain litter.
- Whole raw grains which may be selected for use as a ground grain of the invention include, for example, cereal grains such as wheat, sorghum, barley, rice, oats, rye, triticale, millet, corn and other grains for which "cereal grain” is a generic term.
- the ground grain may be prepared from a single whole raw grain or combinations of one or more whole raw grains which may be combined before or after the grinding process.
- Preferred cereal grains of the invention may be selected from the group of wheat varieties including white wheat, spring wheat, winter wheat and durum. A particularly preferred wheat variety is hard red spring wheat.
- the ground grain litter is prepared by grinding whole raw grain, and optionally combining the ground grain with another litter material and/or other nonsorbent compounds.
- the ground grain is prepared from whole raw grain which has a moisture content of up to 20%, preferably about 10-17%, most preferably about 13%.
- a cleaning device Prior to grinding, the whole raw grain is put through a cleaning device to remove foreign materials including stones, rocks, metal, dirt, dust, weed seed and other nongrain material.
- cleaning devices are known in the grain grinding art and include, for example, magnets, disk cleaning mills, sieve cleaning mills and similar devices.
- the grain may then optionally be subjected to deinfestation using an infestation destroyer. The order in which the grain is cleaned and deinfested is not important. Infestation destroyers are known in the art.
- the grain is cleaned and deinfested it is subjected to a single or dual head roller or a hammer mill to crush the whole grain into a smaller particle size.
- the rollers are set apart at about 0.002 to 0.025 inch, preferably about 0.008 to 0.0018 inch. This amount of spacing between rollers tends to produce a majority of particles which are in a size range between 250 - 2,500 microns. If a hammer mill is used, an appropriate mesh size is used to produce ground grain having a majority of particles in a size range between 250 - 2,500 microns. After the grain is crushed (ground) it moves into a sifter where large particles are separated by passing through a mesh sieve and returned to the roller or hammer mill until the proper particle size is achieved.
- the sieve mesh size used in the sifter is 8-100 mesh, preferably 10-12 mesh.
- the oversized ground grain is returned to the mill about 2-4 times to achieve a homogeneous particle size. In a preferred embodiment, at least 75% of the particles are from about 250-2500 microns. Once the desired particle size is achieved the ground grain is ready for use in a ground grain litter of the invention.
- the process used to prepare the ground grain of the present invention does not add moisture during grinding. However, if the whole raw grain used to prepare the ground grain is at a moisture level below about 10%, water may be added to the whole raw grain prior to grinding to minimize the dust content of the final product.
- a ground grain of the present invention typically has a bulk density of about 350 kg/m 3 to 900 kg/m 3 .
- a ground grain prepared according to the invention will generally have a bulk density of about 550kg/m 3 .
- a ground grain prepared according to the invention generally has a reducing sugar content of about 0.1% to about 2.5%.
- a preferred ground grain prepared according to the invention generally has a reducing sugar content of about 0.5%.
- the cold water solubles content of a ground grain prepared according to the invention is about 10-70%.
- a preferred ground grain prepared according to the invention has a cold water solubles content of about 30%.
- Example 1 The method used for determining the bulk density of the ground grain of the invention is described in Example 1.
- the method . used to determine the reducing sugar content is known in the art and described in- "AOAC Official Methods of Analysis," Association of Analytical Chemists, Method 925.42 (15th ed.)
- the method used to determine the percentage of cold water solubles is known in the art and described in "Standard Analytical Methods of the Member Companies of the Corn Refiners Association, Inc.," Standard B-56, Corn Refiners Association, Inc., 1100 Connecticut Avenue, N.W. , Washington, D.C. 20036 (6th ed.)
- the ground grain of the present invention Upon contact with aqueous liquids, the ground grain of the present invention tends to form a low attrition clump.
- low attrition clump means a clump which, after drying, loses less than about 15% of its weight, preferably less than about 10% of its weight, when subjected to attrition testing. The test used to determine the percent attrition of a clump formed by the ground grain of the invention is described in Example 6.
- Low attrition clumps are advantageous because they are less likely to lose particles of soiled litter when the clump is removed from the surrounding unsoiled litter in a litter container. This property of a litter is also advantageous in preventing particles of dry soiled litter from breaking off of a soiled clump if subjected to compression by an animal stepping on the clumps while moving around in the litter.
- the clumps formed by the ground grain of the invention are capable of reforming on contact with an aqueous liquid if broken after forming.
- a low attrition clump provides a significant advantage over prior art litters by increasing the useful life of the litter through decreased contamination of unsoiled litter by particles falling away from the soiled clump into the unsoiled litter.
- a preferred ground grain is prepared according to the process used in the invention, the ground grain emits a low odor. It may be theorized that a high odor litter composition is due to certain specific agents or compounds present in the material. It may be further theorized that reducing and/or removing compounds used in preparing a litter which are responsible for the odor will result in an improved litter.
- a wheat grain litter prepared according to a method disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,230,305 has a characteristic "burnt wheat" smell. Removal or prevention of forming of agents responsible for such smells provides an improvement over such prior art litters.
- the identification, isolation and quantification of an odor from a grain litter product can be a very complex process.
- the ground grain litter of the invention tends to swell less than some other ground grain based litters.
- "swell” means the tendency of the litter to increase in volume when contacted with an aqueous liquid. This attribute is particularly beneficial if the soiled litter is flushed down a commode attached to a sewer or septic system.
- sewer or septic systems have less tendency to become blocked or plugged when the litter is flushed down a commode. The method used to determine the swelling of a preferred ground grain of the invention is described in Example 5.
- a ground grain litter of the invention tends to swell less than about 100% when contacted with aqueous liquids, preferably, less than 70%.
- a ground grain which swells 100% means that the ground grain doubles in volume upon contact with water using the method described in Example 5.
- the inventors do not wish to be held to any single theory, it is believed that many of the properties of the present ground grain litter are, in part, a result of the milling process used to prepare the ground grain. Unlike some milling processes which may impregnate the grain with gas and moisture prior to grinding, the preferred process used to prepare the ground grain of the present litter is, relatively speaking, a drier process which causes an increased amount of damaged starch post grinding. It is believed that the high quantities of damaged starch provide, in part, the advantageous properties.
- the wheat was put through a single head roller mill with the rollers having a gap of 0.010 inch.
- the resulting grain was passed through a sifter containing a 10 mesh sieve 3 times.
- the resulting ground grain was then analyzed to determine particle size, bulk density, percentage cold water solubility and reducing sugar content.
- Table 1 shows the particle size distribution of a 200 gram sample of the ground grain litter. As seen in Table 1, approximately 95% of the particles are within a size range of about 250 to 2,500 microns.
- Ground grain was prepared from raw whole hard red spring wheat as described in Example 1.
- the particle size of the ground grain litter was determined using various sieve mesh sizes. The resulting particle distribution is shown in Table 2.
- the bulk density for the ground grain litter prepared in Example 1 was determined by dividing the weight in grams of a sample by the volume of the sample in milliliters. After the sample was weighed, it was put into a measuring cylinder and tapped gently until no further settling was observed. The volume was then read. Three different bulk densities were determined from different locations in the sample and are shown in Table 3.
- the average bulk density of this sample is about 552.6 kg/m 3 .
- the percentage cold water solubility for the sample prepared in Example 1 was determined using Standard B-56 in "Standard Analytical Methods of the- Member Companies of the Corn Refiners Association" (6th ed.) . The test was run 4 times on a single sample and an average value calculated.
- a pre-weighted glass or plastic container was filled to a predetermined volume (41ml) , with a ground grain sample.
- the sample and container were weighed and water was added intermittently as it was sorbed until an excess of water laid over the grain sample.
- the sample was allowed to sit for 20 minutes.
- Final volume of the ground grain in the container was measured in milliliters and the wetted grain was then removed from the container without disturbing any remaining nonwetted grain.
- the container was then inverted and the dry grain removed, screened through a 10 mesh sieve, and weighed. The dry volume of wetted litter was calculated. From this the percent volume increase due to wetting was calculated.
- Hard red spring 28.9 21.0 5.5 23.4 31.1 10 32 wheat
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT95939936T ATE213588T1 (en) | 1995-05-05 | 1995-11-14 | ANIMAL LETTER CONTAINING GROUND GRAIN |
JP53327196A JP3781777B2 (en) | 1995-05-05 | 1995-11-14 | Animal grain litter |
AU41578/96A AU4157896A (en) | 1995-05-05 | 1995-11-14 | Ground grain animal litter |
EP95939936A EP0897260B1 (en) | 1995-05-05 | 1995-11-14 | Ground grain animal litter |
CA002217774A CA2217774C (en) | 1995-05-05 | 1995-11-14 | Ground grain animal litter |
DE69525663T DE69525663T2 (en) | 1995-05-05 | 1995-11-14 | GROUND GRAIN CONTAINING ANIMAL Litter |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US43714695A | 1995-05-05 | 1995-05-05 | |
US08/437,146 | 1995-05-05 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1996034523A1 true WO1996034523A1 (en) | 1996-11-07 |
Family
ID=23735273
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1995/014761 WO1996034523A1 (en) | 1995-05-05 | 1995-11-14 | Ground grain animal litter |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5690052A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0897260B1 (en) |
JP (2) | JP3781777B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE213588T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU4157896A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2217774C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69525663T2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1996034523A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2756140A1 (en) * | 1996-11-26 | 1998-05-29 | Levesque Francois Xavier | Cat litter |
WO2002042546A2 (en) * | 2000-11-22 | 2002-05-30 | Pet Care Systems, Inc. | Ground grain animal litter |
US6860233B2 (en) | 2000-12-21 | 2005-03-01 | Institut Fur Technologie Der Kohlenhydrate- Zuckerinstitut - E.V. | Litter for cats and small animals |
Families Citing this family (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6014947A (en) * | 1996-09-16 | 2000-01-18 | Pet Care Systems | Ground grain animal litter |
WO1999030556A1 (en) * | 1997-12-12 | 1999-06-24 | Grain Processing Corporation | Animal litter, process for preparing animal litter, and method for removal of animal waste |
US6405677B2 (en) * | 1997-12-12 | 2002-06-18 | Grain Processing Corporation | Animal litter, process for preparing animal litter, and method for removal of animal waste |
US6817315B1 (en) | 2002-08-26 | 2004-11-16 | Steven Tsengas | Cat litter |
US7426902B1 (en) | 2004-05-24 | 2008-09-23 | Agricultural Utilization Research Institute | Sorbent and applications |
US7089882B1 (en) * | 2004-07-09 | 2006-08-15 | Steven Tsengas | Cat litter |
US7453759B2 (en) * | 2006-04-26 | 2008-11-18 | International Business Machines Corporation | Clock-gated model transformation for asynchronous testing of logic targeted for free-running, data-gated logic |
DE202007004312U1 (en) * | 2007-03-23 | 2007-07-12 | Huber, jun., Josef | Cat litter product comprises agricultural cereal grains such as winter wheat, summer wheat, winter barley, summer barley, oats, triticale and grain corn |
US9357747B1 (en) * | 2007-08-17 | 2016-06-07 | Ourpet's Company | Switchgrass cat litter |
US20100116215A1 (en) * | 2008-11-11 | 2010-05-13 | Mark Hughes | Wheat blend sorbent composition |
US8490578B2 (en) * | 2009-10-13 | 2013-07-23 | Pet Care Systems, Inc. | Clumped sorbent material |
WO2011155967A1 (en) * | 2010-06-11 | 2011-12-15 | Nestec S.A. | Litter box assembly having a litter fragmenting device |
US8734768B2 (en) | 2011-05-09 | 2014-05-27 | Grain Processing Corporation | Animal litter, process for preparing animal litter, and method for removal of animal waste |
US9288964B2 (en) | 2012-02-20 | 2016-03-22 | Kent Pet Group, Inc. | Animal litter, process for preparing animal litter and method of removal of animal waste |
US8950360B2 (en) | 2012-02-20 | 2015-02-10 | Kent Pet Group, Inc. | Odor-absorbing materials and processes for their preparation and use |
US9232767B2 (en) | 2012-02-20 | 2016-01-12 | Kent Pet Group, Inc. | Animal litter, process for preparing animal litter and method of removal of animal waste |
US9232765B2 (en) | 2012-02-20 | 2016-01-12 | Kent Pet Group, Inc. | Animal litter, process for preparing animal litter and method of removal of animal waste |
EP3158861A1 (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2017-04-26 | Catural GmbH | Litter for use in the keeping of livestock |
EP3366122B1 (en) | 2017-02-27 | 2019-03-13 | AB7 Innovation S.A.S.U. | Use of odorous polymer matrices for litters |
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1995
- 1995-11-14 JP JP53327196A patent/JP3781777B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-11-14 DE DE69525663T patent/DE69525663T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-11-14 AT AT95939936T patent/ATE213588T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-11-14 CA CA002217774A patent/CA2217774C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-11-14 EP EP95939936A patent/EP0897260B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-11-14 AU AU41578/96A patent/AU4157896A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-11-14 WO PCT/US1995/014761 patent/WO1996034523A1/en active IP Right Grant
-
1996
- 1996-09-16 US US08/713,097 patent/US5690052A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2005
- 2005-12-27 JP JP2005375806A patent/JP3944789B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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---|---|---|---|---|
FR2756140A1 (en) * | 1996-11-26 | 1998-05-29 | Levesque Francois Xavier | Cat litter |
WO2002042546A2 (en) * | 2000-11-22 | 2002-05-30 | Pet Care Systems, Inc. | Ground grain animal litter |
WO2002042546A3 (en) * | 2000-11-22 | 2003-07-03 | Pet Care Systems Inc | Ground grain animal litter |
US6860233B2 (en) | 2000-12-21 | 2005-03-01 | Institut Fur Technologie Der Kohlenhydrate- Zuckerinstitut - E.V. | Litter for cats and small animals |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE213588T1 (en) | 2002-03-15 |
JP3944789B2 (en) | 2007-07-18 |
JPH11514210A (en) | 1999-12-07 |
CA2217774A1 (en) | 1996-11-07 |
DE69525663T2 (en) | 2003-02-06 |
JP3781777B2 (en) | 2006-05-31 |
US5690052A (en) | 1997-11-25 |
EP0897260B1 (en) | 2002-02-27 |
JP2006094871A (en) | 2006-04-13 |
CA2217774C (en) | 2002-06-11 |
AU4157896A (en) | 1996-11-21 |
EP0897260A1 (en) | 1999-02-24 |
DE69525663D1 (en) | 2002-04-04 |
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