WO1996034518A1 - Precision clamp, and method for clamping thyristors and similar electronic power components - Google Patents

Precision clamp, and method for clamping thyristors and similar electronic power components Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996034518A1
WO1996034518A1 PCT/FR1996/000566 FR9600566W WO9634518A1 WO 1996034518 A1 WO1996034518 A1 WO 1996034518A1 FR 9600566 W FR9600566 W FR 9600566W WO 9634518 A1 WO9634518 A1 WO 9634518A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flange
clamping
sensor
leaf spring
head
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR1996/000566
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Freddy Schadt
Original Assignee
Arcel S.A.
Emelec S.A.R.L.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Arcel S.A., Emelec S.A.R.L. filed Critical Arcel S.A.
Priority to EP96913585A priority Critical patent/EP0823983A1/en
Publication of WO1996034518A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996034518A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
    • B24B37/005—Control means for lapping machines or devices
    • B24B37/013—Devices or means for detecting lapping completion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L22/00—Testing or measuring during manufacture or treatment; Reliability measurements, i.e. testing of parts without further processing to modify the parts as such; Structural arrangements therefor
    • H01L22/20—Sequence of activities consisting of a plurality of measurements, corrections, marking or sorting steps
    • H01L22/26—Acting in response to an ongoing measurement without interruption of processing, e.g. endpoint detection, in-situ thickness measurement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
    • H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
    • H01L23/40—Mountings or securing means for detachable cooling or heating arrangements ; fixed by friction, plugs or springs
    • H01L23/4006—Mountings or securing means for detachable cooling or heating arrangements ; fixed by friction, plugs or springs with bolts or screws
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/02—Arrangements of circuit components or wiring on supporting structure
    • H05K7/12—Resilient or clamping means for holding component to structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
    • H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
    • H01L23/40—Mountings or securing means for detachable cooling or heating arrangements ; fixed by friction, plugs or springs
    • H01L23/4006—Mountings or securing means for detachable cooling or heating arrangements ; fixed by friction, plugs or springs with bolts or screws
    • H01L2023/4018—Mountings or securing means for detachable cooling or heating arrangements ; fixed by friction, plugs or springs with bolts or screws characterised by the type of device to be heated or cooled
    • H01L2023/4025—Base discrete devices, e.g. presspack, disc-type transistors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
    • H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
    • H01L23/40—Mountings or securing means for detachable cooling or heating arrangements ; fixed by friction, plugs or springs
    • H01L23/4006—Mountings or securing means for detachable cooling or heating arrangements ; fixed by friction, plugs or springs with bolts or screws
    • H01L2023/4018—Mountings or securing means for detachable cooling or heating arrangements ; fixed by friction, plugs or springs with bolts or screws characterised by the type of device to be heated or cooled
    • H01L2023/4031—Packaged discrete devices, e.g. to-3 housings, diodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
    • H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
    • H01L23/40—Mountings or securing means for detachable cooling or heating arrangements ; fixed by friction, plugs or springs
    • H01L23/4006—Mountings or securing means for detachable cooling or heating arrangements ; fixed by friction, plugs or springs with bolts or screws
    • H01L2023/4075—Mechanical elements
    • H01L2023/4087—Mounting accessories, interposers, clamping or screwing parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
    • H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical sector of the clamping of electronic components especially designed in housings, and more particularly to the clamping of semiconductors used in high voltage and high current electronics, in particular diodes, thyristors, IGBT (“Insulated Gâte Based Thyristors ”Or field effect control thyristors), and the like.
  • a lock nut can, in a first type of prior art, cooperate with a washer which, by the moment of its release, is supposed to indicate that the nominal clamping force is reached.
  • the problem is approached in a radically different way.
  • the result is a very simple system which radically solves the problem by allowing the use of modern measurement technologies, which have been known in themselves for a very long time, but which the old clamping systems did not allow. 'to employ.
  • the clamping system intimately incorporates the force measurement system, the two systems therefore being both inseparable and interdependent, and the serious drawbacks due to the "mechanical" structure inevitably having an impact on the precision of the measurement system.
  • the measures are "indirect”.
  • the invention radically simplifies the concept of tightening and eliminates any “mechanical” interference, therefore brutal and coarse, on the measurement.
  • Fig. 1 shows the closest prior art, with a witness washer and lock nut.
  • - Fig. 2 shows a complete system of the prior art allowing a good understanding of the technology concerned.
  • - Fig. 3 shows the clamping system according to the invention according to a nonlimiting embodiment, with sensor mounted on the "head”.
  • - Fig. 4 shows another embodiment of the invention with a sensor mounted on the leaf spring, also without limitation.
  • - Figs. 5 to 8 represent several variants of the invention.
  • the clamping system (1) comprises nuts (A, B) tightening the flanges (3) by means of the "tie rods" (2), and the application of force on the component (13) (here in the housing) is made by an assembly which integrates both the head (4) / application ball joint (8) with their central pin (7) and the “measurement” device consisting of a lock nut (9) under which is arranged a washer (10).
  • the assembly is made integral by the rod 5 'which crosses the flange.
  • the part (5) or pressure screw of the head (4) makes it possible to accommodate "Belleville” washers (6) which must be pre-tightened in the workshop at a nominal force called “calibration value". It is easily understood that, when tightening, when the nominal force is reached, the lock nut (9) releases the washer (10).
  • (12) represents a form coated with epoxy resin for electrical insulation and (11) designates heat dissipators or connection pads, this only for understanding the drawing.
  • the lateral clamping means (A, B, 2) are not modified.
  • leaf spring is meant according to the invention, and in the description and the claims, a blade based on a material which has elastic possibilities in bending, extension and compression, which correspond either to its initial elastic limits, or to those obtained by well known heat treatments and which make it possible to raise very strongly, for example from 300 to 1400-1600 MPa, the elastic limits.
  • the new "head” according to the invention no longer has a measuring element which mechanically and actively interferes with the tightening.
  • the new head now only has a passive precision sensor disposed between two suitable parts (14) and (15), (14) being positioned by a centering part (18).
  • the Belleville washers (6) are not essential because their taring function has indeed disappeared according to the invention. They are used here only for their role of elastic damping and absorption of expansion of tight parts, of thermal origin, and reduction of the tightening forces induced.
  • the blade (20) does not participate in the measurement and that its functions are to transmit force and to produce elastic damping.
  • the senor is associated with an adapter (17) itself connected to (or comprising) a system for displaying the instantaneous force value for example. It is important to note that such a possibility of clear and real-time display of the value of the clamped force, in particular directly S.l. (N, kgf, decaN, t), represents a decisive practical advantage in the industry considered, and also a decisive securing of the tightening operation.
  • Fig. 4 shows a preferred embodiment, even simpler, where the elastic function of the flange (20) is used very directly to activate the sensor (16).
  • the "head” is simplified by the same amount, which represents a considerable development in technology and an even greater reduction in costs.
  • FIG. 5 shows a variant of the invention according to which the flange (20) consists of at least two flanges or blades of smaller thickness, here the elementary flanges a, b, c, d.
  • the flanges with multiple blades have advantages in terms of elasticity characteristics and make it possible to overcome certain constraints and modulate the ranges of use of the same device.
  • FIG. 6 The same variant is shown in FIG. 6, with here only two elastic blades, without implied limitation, with application to the preferred mode of the invention represented in FIG. 4.
  • Fig. 7 shows two other variants of the invention.
  • a complementary elastic system (30) (here, and not limited to, Belleville washers in appropriate number) whose purpose, which will be understood by those skilled in the art, is to create a "fictitious arrow" at the level of the flange.
  • This variant is particularly useful for clamping very thick units, for example clamping several components in series. In such a case, it is obviously necessary to increase the deflection of the flange to obtain the desired tightening. There is therefore a choice between either increasing the thickness of the flange, or risking breaking it.
  • the variant with complementary elastic means allows to overcome this choice and obtain a correct tightening without oversizing the flange.
  • FIG. 8 also represents a variant of the invention according to which the sensor (16) is mounted on a relatively thin spring leaf (40) which forms a "basic sensor element".
  • This basic element can then be associated with all the necessary flanges as appropriate.
  • Another advantage of the invention is shown diagrammatically on the right-hand part (D) of FIG. 7, which results from the use of one (or more) leaf springs according to the invention.
  • This variant consists in using as a flange (20) a preformed leaf spring, that is to say having an arrow (f).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
  • Bolts, Nuts, And Washers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a clamp (20) which has an additional elastic function and therefore contributes to measuring the clamping force but without mechanical interference, in cooperation with a head having a simplified structure. This arrangement makes possible the integration of a precision sensor (16), particularly for measuring an electrical quantity, providing for a direct measurement, and provides for the clamping of any component requiring a defined clamping force. Said clamp is characterized by a very high and reproducible clamping precision (precision of about ± 1 %), and clamping capabilities in an extended range of forces with a single clamp (or a single 'U' clamp device) without new calibration.

Description

BRIDE DE SERRAGE DE PRÉCISION. ET PROCÉDÉ DE PRECISION TIGHTENING FLANGE. AND METHOD OF
SERRAGE. DE THYRISTORS ET COMPOSANTSTIGHTENING. THYRISTORS AND COMPONENTS
ÉLECTRONIQUES DE PUISSANCE ANALOGUESSIMILAR POWER ELECTRONICS
La présente invention se rapporte au secteur technique du serrage de composants électroniques notamment conçus en boîtiers, et plus particulièrement au serrage de semi-conducteurs utilisés en électronique de forte tension et forte intensité, en particulier diodes, thyristors, IGBT (« Insulated Gâte Based Thyristors » ou thyristors à commande à effet de champ), et analogues.The present invention relates to the technical sector of the clamping of electronic components especially designed in housings, and more particularly to the clamping of semiconductors used in high voltage and high current electronics, in particular diodes, thyristors, IGBT (“Insulated Gâte Based Thyristors ”Or field effect control thyristors), and the like.
On sait que, pour fonctionner correctement, les composants de ce type et notamment les thyristors doivent être soumis à une force de serrage dite « nominale » , de l'ordre de 500 - 9000 kgf. On sait également que l'on utilise pour ce faire deux pièces ou barreaux métalliques qui assurent, outre la transmission de la force de serrage, le contact électrique et une fonction de refroidissement. De manière connue, la force de serrage est appliquée par des moyens de serrage latéraux classiques, notamment des « tirants », reliant les deux pièces métalliques entre elles en formant un dispositif de serrage en « U » fermé par une bride supérieure, l'ensemble étant dénommé « clamp ». Lorsque les moyens de serrage sont mis en œuvre, la force de serrage est transmise par la bride métallique et par une « tête » comportant une rotule de pression, une vis de pression et, généralement, des moyens élastiques de type rondelles dites « Belleville » bien connues.It is known that, in order to function correctly, components of this type and in particular the thyristors must be subjected to a so-called "nominal" clamping force, of the order of 500 - 9000 kgf. It is also known that two metal parts or bars are used for this purpose which, in addition to transmitting the clamping force, provide electrical contact and a cooling function. In known manner, the clamping force is applied by conventional lateral clamping means, in particular "tie rods", connecting the two metal parts together by forming a "U" clamping device closed by an upper flange, the assembly being called "clamp". When the clamping means are implemented, the clamping force is transmitted by the metal flange and by a "head" comprising a pressure ball, a pressure screw and, generally, elastic means of the washer type called "Belleville" well known.
Un écrou-frein peut, dans un premier type d'art antérieur, coopérer avec une rondelle qui, par le moment de son dégagement, est censée indiquer que la force de serrage nominale est atteinte.A lock nut can, in a first type of prior art, cooperate with a washer which, by the moment of its release, is supposed to indicate that the nominal clamping force is reached.
Dans un second type général d'art antérieur, on applique une précontrainte ou une déformation permanente connue (dite « gabarit ») à la bride métallique elle-même. Sous l'effort de serrage, la bride se déforme en sens inverse, on suit cette déformation et des systèmes de contrôle visuels (au « réglet ») indiquent le point où la force de serrage nominale est atteinte. Selon une variante également connue, on peut utiliser une bride non déformée, donc rectiligne, et on suit sa déformation selon le même principe à l'aide d'un gabarit très particulier.In a second general type of prior art, a known prestressing or permanent deformation (called "gauge") is applied to the metal flange itself. Under the clamping force, the flange deforms in the opposite direction, this deformation is followed and visual control systems (at the "rule") indicate the point where the nominal clamping force is reached. According to a variant also known, one can use a non-deformed, therefore straight flange, and follow its deformation according to the same principle using a very specific template.
L'art antérieur le plus proche consiste en le système à vis de pression/écrou - frein/rondelle témoin et sera pour cette raison représenté sur la Figure 1 annexée.The closest prior art consists of the pressure screw / nut - brake / indicator washer system and will therefore be shown in Figure 1 attached.
Un inconvénient extrêmement grave de l'art antérieur réside dans son manque total de précision dans l'appréciation de la force de serrage réellement appliquée et en outre dans le risque de dépasser largement la force nominale. Des « précisions » de l'ordre de ± 10, 15 ou même 20 % sont courantes. Compte-tenu de la sensibilité des composants électroniques au serrage, de telles valeurs traduisent en fait une absence totale de garantie de serrage approprié et donc de fonctionnement correct du thyristor. Le risque est d'affecter les propriétés électroniques et la durée de vie du composant. Avec les techniques à déformation de bride, on ne peut pas parvenir à une meilleure précision et de plus ceci requiert un appareillage optique complexe, coûteux et de manipulation et réglage/calibration très contraignants.An extremely serious drawback of the prior art lies in its total lack of precision in the assessment of the clamping force actually applied and in addition in the risk of greatly exceeding the nominal force. "Precisions" of the order of ± 10, 15 or even 20% are common. Given the sensitivity of the electronic components to tightening, such values translate in fact a total absence of a guarantee of appropriate tightening and therefore of correct functioning of the thyristor. The risk is to affect the electronic properties and the service life of the component. With flange deformation techniques, better precision cannot be achieved, and moreover this requires complex, expensive optical equipment and very restrictive handling and adjustment / calibration.
Bien que ce problème soit évidemment à la fois très sérieux et bien connu, il n'existe aucun système apportant une solution efficace ni même s'en approchant, malgré le besoin fortement ressenti dans l'industrie considérée. On sait en effet qu'un serrage imprécis peut conduire à des défauts de fonctionnement, des incidents graves sur de grosses unités, des arrêts-machine extrêmement onéreux etc.. . L'industrie applique notamment le critère dit de MTBF « ean Time Between Failure ») ou intervalle de temps avant défectuosité, qui traduit bien cette préoccupation.Although this problem is obviously both very serious and well known, there is no system providing an effective solution or even approaching it, despite the need strongly felt in the industry considered. We know that imprecise tightening can lead to malfunctions, serious incidents on large units, extremely expensive machine stops, etc. The industry applies in particular the so-called MTBF criterion "ean Time Between Failure") or time interval before failure, which clearly reflects this concern.
Selon la présente invention, le problème est abordé de façon radicalement différente. II en résulte un système d'une très grande simplicité et qui résout radicalement le problème en autorisant l'emploi de technologies modernes de mesure, qui étaient connues en elles-mêmes depuis très longtemps, mais que les anciens systèmes de serrage ne permettaient pas d'employer. En effet, dans l'art antérieur, le système de serrage incorpore intimement le système de mesure de force, les deux systèmes étant donc à la fois indissociables et interdépendants, et les graves inconvénients dus à la structure « mécanique » se répercutant inévitablement sur la précision du système de mesure. En fait, les mesures sont « indirectes ». Au contraire, l'invention simplifie radicalement le concept de serrage et supprime toute interférence « mécanique », donc brutale et grossière, sur la mesure.According to the present invention, the problem is approached in a radically different way. The result is a very simple system which radically solves the problem by allowing the use of modern measurement technologies, which have been known in themselves for a very long time, but which the old clamping systems did not allow. 'to employ. Indeed, in the prior art, the clamping system intimately incorporates the force measurement system, the two systems therefore being both inseparable and interdependent, and the serious drawbacks due to the "mechanical" structure inevitably having an impact on the precision of the measurement system. In fact, the measures are "indirect". On the contrary, the invention radically simplifies the concept of tightening and eliminates any “mechanical” interference, therefore brutal and coarse, on the measurement.
Il en résulte une précision qui, à ce jour, est de 1 à 2 % et, facteur aussi important, une capacité reproductible de serrage tandis que l'art antérieur conduit à une dispersion de ± 20 % pour les brides déformables et ± 10 % pour les systèmes à rondelles (plus, surcharge de serrage).This results in an accuracy which, to date, is 1 to 2% and, equally important factor, a reproducible clamping capacity while the prior art leads to a dispersion of ± 20% for deformable flanges and ± 10% for washer systems (plus, tightening overload).
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention seront mieux compris à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, et du dessin annexé, sur lequel :Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, and the appended drawing, in which:
- la Fig. 1 représente l'art antérieur le plus proche, à rondelle témoin et écrou-frein.- Fig. 1 shows the closest prior art, with a witness washer and lock nut.
- la Fig. 2 représente un système complet de l'art antérieur permettant de bien comprendre la technologie concernée. - la Fig. 3 représente le système de serrage selon l'invention selon un mode non limitatif de réalisation, avec capteur monté sur la « tête » .- Fig. 2 shows a complete system of the prior art allowing a good understanding of the technology concerned. - Fig. 3 shows the clamping system according to the invention according to a nonlimiting embodiment, with sensor mounted on the "head".
- la Fig. 4 représente un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention avec capteur monté sur la lame ressort, également non limitatif. - les Fig. 5 à 8 représentent plusieurs variantes de l'invention.- Fig. 4 shows another embodiment of the invention with a sensor mounted on the leaf spring, also without limitation. - Figs. 5 to 8 represent several variants of the invention.
Comme on le voit sur les Fig. 1 et 2 (art antérieur) le système de serrage et le système de « mesure » sont étroitement intégrés, et la mesure est « indirecte ».As seen in Figs. 1 and 2 (prior art) the clamping system and the "measurement" system are tightly integrated, and the measurement is "indirect".
Le système de serrage (1 ) comporte des écrous (A, B) serrant les brides (3) par le moyen des « tirants » (2), et l'application de la force sur le composant (13) (ici en boîtier) se fait par un ensemble qui intègre à la fois la tête (4)/rotule d'application (8) avec leur goupille centrale (7) et le dispositif de « mesure » constitué d'un écrou-frein (9) sous lequel est disposée une rondelle (10). L'ensemble est rendu solidaire par la tige 5' qui traverse la bride. La pièce (5) ou vis de pression de la tête (4) permet de loger des rondelles « Belleville » (6) qui doivent être préserrées en atelier à une force nominale dite « valeur de tarage ». On comprend aisément que, au serrage, lorsque la force nominale est atteinte, l'écrou-frein (9) libère la rondelle (10).The clamping system (1) comprises nuts (A, B) tightening the flanges (3) by means of the "tie rods" (2), and the application of force on the component (13) (here in the housing) is made by an assembly which integrates both the head (4) / application ball joint (8) with their central pin (7) and the “measurement” device consisting of a lock nut (9) under which is arranged a washer (10). The assembly is made integral by the rod 5 'which crosses the flange. The part (5) or pressure screw of the head (4) makes it possible to accommodate "Belleville" washers (6) which must be pre-tightened in the workshop at a nominal force called "calibration value". It is easily understood that, when tightening, when the nominal force is reached, the lock nut (9) releases the washer (10).
Cette libération en rotation est la seule indication pour l'opérateur.This release in rotation is the only indication for the operator.
On mesure d'une part la totale imprécision de ce genre d'« indication » et d'autre part le fait que ce système ne permet de n'appliquer qu'une mémoire de force minimale ou bien, ce qui est grave, une force supérieure si l'opérateur ne décèle pas correctement l'indication de la libération de la rondelle et poursuit son serrage.We measure on the one hand the total imprecision of this kind of "indication" and on the other hand the fact that this system allows to apply only a minimal force memory or, which is serious, a force higher if the operator does not correctly detect the indication of the release of the washer and continues to tighten it.
(12) représente une forme en enrobé de résine époxy pour l'isolation électrique et (11) désigne des dissipateurs d'énergie thermique ou plages de raccordement, ceci uniquement pour la compréhension du dessin.(12) represents a form coated with epoxy resin for electrical insulation and (11) designates heat dissipators or connection pads, this only for understanding the drawing.
Selon l'invention, dont deux modes de réalisation seront décrits en référence à la Fig. 3 et à la Fig. 4, les moyens de serrage latéraux (A, B, 2) ne sont pas modifiés.According to the invention, two embodiments of which will be described with reference to FIG. 3 and in FIG. 4, the lateral clamping means (A, B, 2) are not modified.
Par contre, on utilise une lame-ressort (20) relativement flexible qui ne comporte plus les éléments (9, 10, 5 et 5'). Par « lame-ressort » on entend selon l'invention, et dans la description et les revendications, une lame à base d'un matériau qui présente des possibilités élastiques en flexion, extension et compression, qui correspondent soit à ses limites élastiques initiales, soit à celles obtenues par traitements thermiques bien connus et qui permettent d'élever très fortement, par exemple de 300 à 1400-1600 MPa, les limites élastiques.On the other hand, a relatively flexible leaf spring (20) is used which no longer comprises the elements (9, 10, 5 and 5 '). By “leaf spring” is meant according to the invention, and in the description and the claims, a blade based on a material which has elastic possibilities in bending, extension and compression, which correspond either to its initial elastic limits, or to those obtained by well known heat treatments and which make it possible to raise very strongly, for example from 300 to 1400-1600 MPa, the elastic limits.
La nouvelle « tête » selon l'invention ne comporte plus d'élément de mesure interférant mécaniquement et activement avec le serrage. La nouvelle tête ne comporte plus qu'un capteur de précision passif disposé entre deux pièces adaptées (14) et (15), (14) étant positionnée par une pièce de centrage (18).The new "head" according to the invention no longer has a measuring element which mechanically and actively interferes with the tightening. The new head now only has a passive precision sensor disposed between two suitable parts (14) and (15), (14) being positioned by a centering part (18).
Les rondelles Belleville (6) sont non essentielles car en effet leur fonction de tarage a disparu selon l'invention. Elles ne sont utilisées ici que pour leur rôle d'amortissement élastique et d'absorption des dilatations des pièces serrées, d'origine thermique, et de réduction des forces de serrage induites.The Belleville washers (6) are not essential because their taring function has indeed disappeared according to the invention. They are used here only for their role of elastic damping and absorption of expansion of tight parts, of thermal origin, and reduction of the tightening forces induced.
On notera que dans l'exemple de la Fig. 3 ou 4 la lame (20) ne participe pas à la mesure et que ses fonctions sont de transmettre la force et de réaliser un amortissement élastique.It will be noted that in the example of FIG. 3 or 4 the blade (20) does not participate in the measurement and that its functions are to transmit force and to produce elastic damping.
L'opération est totalement différente par rapport à l'art antérieur. Au serrage, la force est progressivement transmise par des coupelles mécaniques d'appui et d'adaptation de la force (rotule), et est enregistrée par le capteur (16) de pression. De tels capteurs sont extrêmement bien connus, et nous citerons notamment les capteurs mesurant une grandeur électrique, par exemple le déséquilibrage d'un pont de jauges sous la contrainte mécanique, piézo, etc.. .The operation is completely different from the prior art. When tightening, the force is gradually transmitted by mechanical cups to support and adapt the force (ball joint), and is recorded by the pressure sensor (16). Such sensors are extremely well known, and we will notably mention sensors measuring an electrical quantity, for example the imbalance of a gauge bridge under mechanical stress, piezoelectricity, etc.
Ces capteurs, pour la technologie considérée ici, sont considérés comme onéreux. Ils étaient donc considérés comme impossibles à utiliser commercialement, d'où l'absence totale d'intérêt manifesté à leur égard dans l'art antérieur. Ce n'est que parce que l'invention réalise conjointement une grande simplification du système mécanique que l'ensemble reste commercialement viable.These sensors, for the technology considered here, are considered to be expensive. They were therefore considered impossible to use commercially, hence the total lack of interest shown in them in the prior art. It is only because the invention jointly achieves a great simplification of the mechanical system that the assembly remains commercially viable.
Si l'on revient au serrage, on voit que le capteur est associé à un adaptateur (17) lui-même relié à (ou comportant) un système d'affichage de la valeur de force instantanée par exemple. Il est important de noter qu'une telle possibilité d'affichage en clair et en temps réel de la valeur de la force serrée, notamment directement unités S.l. (N, kgf, decaN, t), représente un avantage pratique déterminant dans l'industrie considérée, et une sécurisation également déterminante de l'opération de serrage.If we return to tightening, we see that the sensor is associated with an adapter (17) itself connected to (or comprising) a system for displaying the instantaneous force value for example. It is important to note that such a possibility of clear and real-time display of the value of the clamped force, in particular directly S.l. (N, kgf, decaN, t), represents a decisive practical advantage in the industry considered, and also a decisive securing of the tightening operation.
La Fig. 4 représente un mode de réalisation préféré, encore plus simple, où on utilise très directement la fonction élastique de la bride (20) pour activer le capteur (16). La « tête » est simplifiée d'autant ce qui représente une évolution considérable de la technologie et une réduction encore plus importante des coûts.Fig. 4 shows a preferred embodiment, even simpler, where the elastic function of the flange (20) is used very directly to activate the sensor (16). The "head" is simplified by the same amount, which represents a considerable development in technology and an even greater reduction in costs.
Bien évidemment, l'opérateur cessera le serrage à la valeur nominale. On peut d'ailleurs prévoir des signaux lumineux ou sonores qui le préviendront de l'approche puis de l'atteinte de la valeur nominale préalablement enregistrée dans un circuit intégré classique. Bien évidemment, on peut également opérer à volonté dans toute la plage utile du capteur. Ainsi, d'une série à une autre, il n'est plus nécessaire d'effectuer les opérations de tarage. Ceci participe également à l'économie générale du système. On a représenté sur la Figure 5 une variante de l'invention selon laquelle la bride (20) se compose d'au moins deux brides ou lames d'épaisseur plus faibles, ici les brides élémentaires a, b, c, d. De telles brides à lames multiples présentent des avantages au niveau des caractéristiques d'élasticité et permettent de s'affranchir de certaines contraintes et de moduler les plages d'utilisation d'un même dispositif.Obviously, the operator will stop tightening at nominal value. It is also possible to provide light or sound signals which will warn it of the approach then of reaching the nominal value previously recorded in a conventional integrated circuit. Obviously, one can also operate at will throughout the useful range of the sensor. Thus, from one series to another, it is no longer necessary to carry out the taring operations. This also contributes to the general economy of the system. FIG. 5 shows a variant of the invention according to which the flange (20) consists of at least two flanges or blades of smaller thickness, here the elementary flanges a, b, c, d. Such flanges with multiple blades have advantages in terms of elasticity characteristics and make it possible to overcome certain constraints and modulate the ranges of use of the same device.
On a représenté sur la Figure 6 la même variante, avec ici seulement deux lames élastiques, à titre non limitatif, avec application au mode préféré de l'invention représenté sur la Figure 4.The same variant is shown in FIG. 6, with here only two elastic blades, without implied limitation, with application to the preferred mode of the invention represented in FIG. 4.
La Fig. 7 représente deux autres variantes de l'invention. Sur la partie gauche (G) de la Figure 7, on a représenté l'insertion sous l'écrou (A) d'un système élastique complémentaire (30) (ici, et à titre non limitatif, des rondelles Belleville en nombre approprié) dont le but, qui sera compris de l'homme de métier, est de créer une « flèche fictive » au niveau de la bride. Cette variante est particulièrement utile pour le serrage d'unités de grande épaisseur, par exemple le serrage de plusieurs composants en série. Dans un tel cas, il est évidemment nécessaire d'augmenter la flèche de la bride pour obtenir le serrage souhaité. On a donc le choix entre, soit augmenter l'épaisseur de la bride, soit en risquer la rupture. La variante à moyen(s) élastique(s) complémentaire(s) permet de s'affranchir de ce choix et d'obtenir un serrage correct sans surdimensionnement de la bride.Fig. 7 shows two other variants of the invention. On the left side (G) of Figure 7, there is shown the insertion under the nut (A) of a complementary elastic system (30) (here, and not limited to, Belleville washers in appropriate number) whose purpose, which will be understood by those skilled in the art, is to create a "fictitious arrow" at the level of the flange. This variant is particularly useful for clamping very thick units, for example clamping several components in series. In such a case, it is obviously necessary to increase the deflection of the flange to obtain the desired tightening. There is therefore a choice between either increasing the thickness of the flange, or risking breaking it. The variant with complementary elastic means allows to overcome this choice and obtain a correct tightening without oversizing the flange.
La Figure 8 représente encore une variante de l'invention selon laquelle on monte le capteur (16) sur une lame ressort relativement mince (40) ce qui forme un « élément capteur de base ». Cet élément de base peut ensuite être associé à toutes les brides nécessaires selon les cas. On va donc combiner cet élément standard de base avec la bride d'épaisseur appropriée (partie droite D de la Figure 8) ou bien la combinaison de brides (a) et (b) représentée sur la partie gauche G de la Figure 8 qui correspond à la variante selon la Figure 5. On a enfin représenté schématiquement sur la partie droite (D) de la Figure 7 un autre avantage de l'invention, qui découle de l'emploi d'une (ou plusieurs) lame ressort selon l'invention. Cette variante consiste à utiliser comme bride (20) une lame ressort préformée, c'est-à- dire présentant une flèche (f). Cette flèche n'est pas utilisée en fonctionnement normal selon l'invention. Par contre, dans le cas où il peut être nécessaire de procéder à un serrage dans l'unité où est placé le « clamp » et où, éventuellement, le dispositif d'interprétation et d'affichage ne peut pas être connecté au capteur (16), ou bien n'est pas disponible, il est alors possible d'effectuer une évaluation « de secours » de la force de serrage, en suivant la déformation de la bride comme dans l'art antérieur. Bien entendu, on retrouvera la très mauvaise précision de cet art antérieur mais une telle mesure « de secours » peut être très précieuse dans certaines situations. Bien entendu, toutes les variantes des Figures 5 à 8 sont cumulatives en combinaisons diverses, c'est-à-dire que l'on peut utiliser une, deux ou plusieurs de ces variantes, selon les exigences de chaque cas d'espèce.FIG. 8 also represents a variant of the invention according to which the sensor (16) is mounted on a relatively thin spring leaf (40) which forms a "basic sensor element". This basic element can then be associated with all the necessary flanges as appropriate. We will therefore combine this basic standard element with the flange of appropriate thickness (right part D of Figure 8) or else the combination of flanges (a) and (b) shown on the left part G of Figure 8 which corresponds to the variant according to Figure 5. Another advantage of the invention is shown diagrammatically on the right-hand part (D) of FIG. 7, which results from the use of one (or more) leaf springs according to the invention. This variant consists in using as a flange (20) a preformed leaf spring, that is to say having an arrow (f). This arrow is not used in normal operation according to the invention. On the other hand, in the case where it may be necessary to carry out a tightening in the unit where the "clamp" is placed and where, possibly, the interpretation and display device cannot be connected to the sensor (16 ), or else is not available, it is then possible to carry out an “emergency” evaluation of the clamping force, by following the deformation of the flange as in the prior art. Of course, we will find the very poor precision of this prior art, but such a “backup” measure can be very precious in certain situations. Of course, all the variants of FIGS. 5 to 8 are cumulative in various combinations, that is to say that one, two or more of these variants can be used, according to the requirements of each case.
D'autres variantes seront également apparentes à l'homme du métier, par exemple dans le choix du capteur (piezo, etc..) le mieux adapté, ou encore le fait d'intégrer le capteur dans la masse de la pièce considérée, au lieu de le positionner en surface, ou encore d'utiliser comme capteur l'une des pièces mécaniques du dispositif, notamment la lame-ressort, à condition que cette pièce soit constituée d'un matériau dont certaines caractéristiques mesurables, notamment électriques, vont varier avec la déformation. Le passage d'un courant adapté, ainsi que certaines modifications simples du dispositif, autorisent alors le suivi de la déformation et l'affichage de la force serrée, selon le principe général de l'invention. Naturellement, l'homme de métier saura appliquer l'invention telle que décrite à toutes les applications industrielles où se pose le même problème d'impossibilité de réaliser un serrage de précision et reproductible. Other variants will also be apparent to those skilled in the art, for example in the choice of the most suitable sensor (piezo, etc.), or even the fact of integrating the sensor into the mass of the part considered, at instead of positioning it on the surface, or even using one of the mechanical parts of the device, in particular the leaf spring, as a sensor, provided that this part is made of a material of which certain measurable characteristics, in particular electrical characteristics, will vary with deformation. The passage of an adapted current, as well as certain simple modifications of the device, then allow the tracking of the deformation and the display of the tight force, according to the general principle of the invention. Naturally, those skilled in the art will be able to apply the invention as described to all industrial applications where the same problem arises of the impossibility of achieving precision and reproducible tightening.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. - Dispositif de serrage pour composants électroniques de puissance, nécessitant un serrage sous effort défini, du type en U, comportant une bride de serrage, deux tirants et une base ou forme en enrobé de résine époxy ou analogue, ainsi qu'une tête d'application de la force de serrage, dénommé « clamp », caractérisé en ce que la bride (20) consiste en au moins une lame-ressort, en ce que la mesure de la force de serrage est effectuée par un capteur de précision réagissant à la déformation d'au moins un élément de la bride et/ou de la tête, et en ce que ledit dispositif ne comporte pas de système mécanique de mesure de la force de serrage.1. - Clamping device for electronic power components, requiring tightening under defined force, of the U-shaped type, comprising a clamping flange, two tie rods and a base or shape coated with epoxy resin or the like, as well as a head application of the clamping force, called “clamp”, characterized in that the flange (20) consists of at least one leaf spring, in that the measurement of the clamping force is carried out by a reacting precision sensor to the deformation of at least one element of the flange and / or of the head, and in that said device does not include a mechanical system for measuring the clamping force.
2. - Dispositif selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que ledit capteur est un capteur générant un signal en réaction à une mesure de caractéristique électrique modifiée par ladite déformation, par exemple un capteur à pont de jauges, et est de préférence associé à un système d'affichage de la force en clair.2. - Device according to claim 1, characterized in that said sensor is a sensor generating a signal in response to a measurement of electrical characteristic modified by said deformation, for example a sensor with a gauge bridge, and is preferably associated with a plain text display system.
3. - Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le capteur est monté sur une surface de la bride, ou intégré à la bride.3. - Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sensor is mounted on a surface of the flange, or integrated into the flange.
4. - Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le capteur est monté sur une surface de la tête ou est intégré à, ou forme une partie de, ladite tête.4. - Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the sensor is mounted on a surface of the head or is integrated into, or forms a part of, said head.
5. - Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la bride (20) consiste en au moins deux lames- ressort (a, b) superposées.5. - Device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the flange (20) consists of at least two leaf-springs (a, b) superimposed.
6. - Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que, entre les écrous (A, B) des fixations des tirants (2) et la bride (20) est intercalé un système élastique complémentaire ou additionnel (30)6. - Device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, between the nuts (A, B) of the tie rod fastenings (2) and the flange (20) is interposed with a complementary or additional elastic system (30)
7. - Dispositif selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que ledit système élastique complémentaire ou additionnel consiste en rondelles dites « Belleville »7. - Device according to claim 6, characterized in that said complementary or additional elastic system consists of washers called "Belleville"
8. - Dispositif selon l une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le capteur (16) est monté sur, ou intégré à, une8. - Device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the sensor (16) is mounted on, or integrated into, a
10 lame-ressort standard (40) et en ce que la lame-ressort (20) est associée à ladite lame standard portant le capteur.10 standard leaf spring (40) and in that the leaf spring (20) is associated with said standard leaf carrying the sensor.
9. - Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la lame-ressort (20), et éventuellement (40), ne9. - Device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the leaf spring (20), and possibly (40), does not
15 comporte pas de flèche.15 has no arrow.
10. - Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la lame ressort (20). et éventuellement (40), est préformée avec une flèche (f).10. - Device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the leaf spring (20). and possibly (40), is preformed with an arrow (f).
2020
11. - Bride (20) pour dispositif de serrage pour composants électroniques de puissance selon l une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée en ce qu'elle consiste en au moins une lame- ressort, ou en lames-ressort superposées11. - Flange (20) for clamping device for electronic power components according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it consists of at least one leaf spring, or superimposed leaf spring
-:.• - :. •
12. - Procédé de serrage de composants électroniques de puissance, caractérisé en ce que le ou lesdits composant(s) est/sont serré(s) dans un dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10. ou comportant une bride selon la revendication 1112. - Method for tightening electronic power components, characterized in that the said component (s) is / are clamped in a device according to any one of claims 1 to 10. or comprising a flange according to the claim 11
M»M "
13. - Composants électroniques de puissance caractérisés en ce qu'ils sont serrés par un procédé selon la revendication 1213. - Power electronic components characterized in that they are clamped by a process according to claim 12
14. - Application de l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12 aux composants électroniques, en boîtier ou non, utilisés en électronique de forte tension et de forte intensité, en particulier diodes, thyristors, thyristors "IGBT" ou à commande à effet de champ 14. - Application of any one of claims 1 to 12 to electronic components, in case or not, used in electronics high voltage and high current, in particular diodes, thyristors, thyristors "IGBT" or with field effect control
PCT/FR1996/000566 1995-04-27 1996-04-12 Precision clamp, and method for clamping thyristors and similar electronic power components WO1996034518A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP96913585A EP0823983A1 (en) 1995-04-27 1996-04-12 Precision clamp, and method for clamping thyristors and similar electronic power components

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR95/05195 1995-04-27
FR9505195A FR2733657B1 (en) 1995-04-27 1995-04-27 PRECISION CLAMP, AND METHOD FOR CLAMPING, THYRISTORS AND SIMILAR ELECTRONIC POWER COMPONENTS

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996034518A1 true WO1996034518A1 (en) 1996-10-31

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CN (1) CN1182526A (en)
FR (1) FR2733657B1 (en)
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102184899A (en) * 2011-04-14 2011-09-14 北京荣科恒阳整流技术有限公司 Two-point form clamping device for high-power thyristor
US10304748B2 (en) * 2015-07-27 2019-05-28 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Semiconductor device
DE102019211867A1 (en) * 2019-08-07 2021-02-11 Robert Bosch Gmbh Anchor device

Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3755719A (en) * 1969-12-23 1973-08-28 Electric Regulator Corp Semiconductor assembly
FR2382099A1 (en) * 1977-02-24 1978-09-22 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Clamp for disc shaped semiconductor components - has two pressure plates between which component is held
JPS645341A (en) * 1987-06-24 1989-01-10 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Measuring device of deflection amount of ring spring for uneven clamping of commutator

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3755719A (en) * 1969-12-23 1973-08-28 Electric Regulator Corp Semiconductor assembly
FR2382099A1 (en) * 1977-02-24 1978-09-22 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Clamp for disc shaped semiconductor components - has two pressure plates between which component is held
JPS645341A (en) * 1987-06-24 1989-01-10 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Measuring device of deflection amount of ring spring for uneven clamping of commutator

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 013, no. 176 (E - 749) 25 April 1989 (1989-04-25) *

Also Published As

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CN1182526A (en) 1998-05-20
FR2733657B1 (en) 1997-07-11
FR2733657A1 (en) 1996-10-31
EP0823983A1 (en) 1998-02-18

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