WO1996032390A1 - PREPARATION OF CHIRAL 5-AMINOCARBONYL-5H-DIBENZO-[a,d]CYCLOHEPTEN-5,10-IMINES BY OPTICAL RESOLUTION - Google Patents
PREPARATION OF CHIRAL 5-AMINOCARBONYL-5H-DIBENZO-[a,d]CYCLOHEPTEN-5,10-IMINES BY OPTICAL RESOLUTION Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996032390A1 WO1996032390A1 PCT/US1996/004906 US9604906W WO9632390A1 WO 1996032390 A1 WO1996032390 A1 WO 1996032390A1 US 9604906 W US9604906 W US 9604906W WO 9632390 A1 WO9632390 A1 WO 9632390A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- dibenzo
- cyclohepten
- aminocarbonyl
- mixture
- imines
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D451/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof
- C07D451/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof containing not further condensed 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane; Cyclic acetals thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D451/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/08—Antiepileptics; Anticonvulsants
Definitions
- This invention relates to the field of pharmaceutical chemistry, and provides an advantageous process for resolving racemic mixtures of 5-aminocarbonyl-5H- dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imines. More specifically, the present application relates to the optical resolution of enantiomers, i.e., chiral antipodes, of 5-aminocarbonyl-5H- dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imines by recrystallizing a mixture of salts of the amines.
- U.S. Patent No. 5,196,415 discloses various 5-aminocarbonyl-5H-dibenzo[a,d]- cyclohepten-5,10-imines and methods for preparing such compounds. The methods disclosed there involve conversion of C5-unsubstituted-10,l l-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10- imines into their N-tert-butylformamidine derivatives followed by formation of the C5-substituted ethyl ester.
- the ester functionality is replaced with an amide group by warming the ester in methanol with the appropriate amine derivative.
- the secondary amine is allowed to react with the appropriate alkyl halide in the presence of a suitable base.
- the initial reaction employs a racemic mixture of C5-unsubstituted-10,l l-dihydro-5H- dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5, 10-imines
- the resulting product is a racemic mixture of 5- aminocarbonyl-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imines.
- Racemic mixtures of 5-aminocarbonyl-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imines are known to have pharmacological activity as anticonvulsant agents. See, for example, Rogawski et al., 1991, J. Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 259: 30-37; and Grant et al., 1992, J. Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 260: 1017-1022.
- the separation of diastereomers by chromatographic methods is well known.
- enantiomers optical antipodes of chiral compounds
- pure enantiomers must be prepared either by lengthy chiral syntheses or through optical resolution.
- Optical resolution is empirical and highly specific to the enantiomers to be separated. It is well recognized that salt formation and solubility parameters are very critical to obtaining a system for achieving resolution of enantiomers from a racemic mixture. Much experimentation is necessary to find the proper combination for each individual resolution. Among the most difficult enantiomers to resolve are those wherein the molecule possesses a high degree of spacial symmetry about the chiral centers.
- Formula la is a 5-substituted-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10 imine and Formula ___ shows the line of symmetry, represented by the dotted line.
- the present invention provides a method for resolving racemic mixtures of 5- aminocarbonyl-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imines of Formula 2.
- racemic mixtures can be prepared by the method described in U.S. Patent No. 5,196,415.
- the invention provides methods for preparing chiral compounds of Formula 2.
- the inventive methods involve optical resolution of racemic mixtures of 5-aminocarbonyl-5H- dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imines, i.e., compounds of Formula 2:
- the invention involves first forming a mixture of diasteriomeric salts of the amines followed by subsequent recrystallization of the solid mixture to yield a product containing one enantiomer in an enantiomeric excess.
- the mixture of salts is recrystallized from an ethanol/water solvent system. Such a solvent is capable of dissolving both enantiomers at a first temperature but only one enantiomer at a second, lower temperature.
- the invention also involves first forming a mixture of tartrate salts of the amines followed by subsequent recrystallization of the mixture to yield a product containing a certain enantiomer in an enantiomeric excess.
- the mixture of tartrate salts is dissolved in a solvent system capable of dissolving both enantiomers at a first temperature but only one enantiomer at a second, lower temperature.
- 'alkyl' embraces linear or branched radicals having one to about ten carbon atoms.
- Preferred alkyl radicals are "lower alkyl” radicals having from one to about five carbon atoms.
- 'cycloalkyl' embraces radicals having from three to about ten carbon atoms, such as cyclopropyl and cyclobutyl.
- haloalkyl embraces radicals wherein one or more of the alkyl carbon atoms is substituted with one or more halogens atoms, preferably selected from fluoro, chloro and bromo.
- haloalkyl' are monohaloalkyl, dihaloalkyl and poiyhaloalkyl groups.
- poiyhaloalkyl are trifluoromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl and perfluoroethyl.
- alkenyl' embraces linear or branched radicals having from two to about ten carbon atoms and containing at least one double bond.
- 'alkynyl' embraces linear or branched radicals having from two to about ten carbon atoms containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond.
- alkoxy' embraces linear or branched oxy-containing radicals having alkyl po ⁇ ions of from one to about ten carbon atoms, such as methoxy group.
- the alkoxy radicals may be further substituted with one or more halo atoms, such as fluoro, chloro or bromo to provide haloalkoxy groups.
- 'alkylamino' embraces linear or branched nitrogen containing radicals where the nitrogen atom may be substituted with from one to three alkyl radicals of from one to about ten carbon atoms, such as N-methylamino and N,N-dimethylamino.
- alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, neopentyl and n-pentyl.
- Typical alkenyl groups may have one unsaturated double bond, such as allyl or may have a plurality of double bonds.
- enantiomeric excess as used herein is meant more of one enantiomer than the other enantiomer.
- racemic mixture as used herein is meant a 50:50 by weight mixture of two enantiomers.
- optical resolution or “resolution” as used herein is meant a process of separating a racemic mixture into the two component enantiomers or optical isomers.
- optical resolution or “resolution” as used herein is meant a process of separating a racemic mixture into the two component enantiomers or optical isomers.
- U.S. Patent No. 5,196,415 teaches that the compounds resolvable by the inventive methods are useful for treatment of patients with generalized epilepsy or partial (symptomatic) epilepsy. These compounds are also useful for treating drug craving in patients addicted to cocaine.
- Administration of compounds within Formula __ to humans can be by any technique capable of introducing the compounds into the bloodstream of a human patient, including oral administration, and by intraveneous, intramuscular and subcutaneous injections.
- Compounds indicated by prophylactic therapy will preferably be administered in a daily dose generally in the range of 0.1 mg to 100 mg per kilogram of body weight per day. A more preferred dosage will be in the range of 1.0 to 50 mg per kilogram of body weight.
- a suitable dose can be administered in suitable sub-doses per day.
- the active compound is usually administered in a pharmaceutically acceptable formulation, although in some acute-care situations a compound of Formula __ may be administered alone.
- Such formulations may comprise the active compound with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents. Other therapeutic agents may also be present in the formulation.
- a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent provides an appropriate vehicle for delivery of the active compound without undesirable side effects. Delivery of the active compound in such formulations may be by various routes such as oral, nasal, buccal or sublingual, or by parenteral administration such as subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous or intradermal routes. Delivery of the active compound may also be through the use of controlled release formulations in subcutaneous implants.
- Formulations for oral administration may be in the form of capsules containing the active compound dispersed in a binder such as gelatin or hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, together with one or more of a lubricant, preservative, surface acting or dispersing agent.
- a binder such as gelatin or hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose
- Such capsules or tablets may contain controlled release formulation as may be provided in a disposition of active compound in hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose.
- Formulations for parental administration may be in the form of aqueous or non-aqueous isotonic sterile injection solutions or suspensions. These solutions or suspensions may be prepared from sterile powders or granules having one or more of the carriers or diluents mentioned for use in the formulations for oral administration. Racemic mixtures of Formula 2 are resolved using the process outlined in Scheme 2.
- the invention provides processes for resolving or separating racemic mixtures of 5- aminocarbonyl-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imines into their component enantiomers.
- the process comprises selectively crystallizing a first tartrate salt from a mixture of tartrate salts of the 5-aminocarbonyl-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imines.
- the resolved products contain an enantiomeric excess of either a (5R,10R)-5-aminocarbonyl-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10- imine or a (5S,10S)-5-aminocarbonyl-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclo-hepten-5,10-imine.
- the (5R,10R)-5-aminocarbonyl-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imines (3a1 and the (5S,10S)-5-aminocarbonyl-5H-dibenzofa,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imines (3b) can be represented as follows:
- Ri , R2, 3. and R4 in _ ⁇ _ ⁇ and 3_b_ are as provided above for Formula 2.
- racemic 5-aminocarbonyl-10,l l-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine may be prepared according to the procedures set forth in U.S. Patent No. 5,196,415 from racemic 10,l l-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine.
- the resolution of the racemic material is essentially a recrystallization of diasteriomers of different solubilities from a suitable solvent system.
- a mixture of diasteriomeric salts e.g., the (+)-acid salts of a chiral acid
- a single diasteriomer crystallizes.
- a single enantiomer of the amine is obtained after subsequent neutralizaton of the acid.
- the filtrate is saved for later resolution of the other enantiomer by recrystallization of the diasteriomer of salt of the (-)-acid.
- the racemic material is separated into its component enantiomers by first preparing a mixture of diasteriomeric salts by treating the racemic amine mixture with a chiral acid in a suitable solvent, preferably at elevated temperature.
- the acid is preferably optically pure tartaric, i.e., either D-(-)- or L-(+)-tartaric acid.
- the tartaric acid is L- (+)-tartaric acid.
- Representative solvents for this step include mixtures of water and alcohols such as ethanol. Any solids not dissolving in the solvent are removed.
- Cooling of the resulting solution affords a mixture of diasteriomeric tartrate salts of either D-(-)- or L-(+)-tartaric acid.
- the resulting mixture is then dissolved in a solvent capable of dissolving both diasteriomers at elevated temperature but only capable of maintaining one diasteriomer in solution upon cooling.
- a solvent affords a single diasteriomer in an enantiomeric excess.
- Suitable solvents for accomplishing this separation include mixtures of ethanol and water.
- Preferred ethanol/water mixtures have volume ratios of ethanol to water of from about 0.1:1 to 10:1.
- Particularly preferred ethanol/water mixtures have volume ratios of ethanol to water of about 1 : 1.
- the single diasteriomer may be isolated by separating the crystals from the solvent by any suitable means such as, for example, filtration.
- the diasteriomer isolated first is the salt of L-(+)- tartaric acid.
- the resulting filtrate, containing the other diasteriomer is retained for later separation or resolution of the other enantiomer.
- the resolved enantiomer may be liberated from the isolated salt of the single diasteriomer by treating the crystalline tartrate salt, preferably the L-(+)-tartrate salt, with a suitable base.
- Suitable bases are those capable of raising the pH of the solution to a level where 100% by weight of the amine is present as the free amine.
- Representative bases include various metal hydroxides such as sodium, potassium, and, preferably, ammonium hydroxide. The amount of base is preferably used in molar excess of the acid.
- the single enantiomer free amine is then isolated by extraction and removal of the solvent. It may subsequently be purified by recrystallization.
- Separation or resolution of the other enantiomer from the filtrate containing the other diasteriomer is achieved by first liberating the free base of the amine by treatment with a suitable base followed by extraction and removal of solvent. The resulting free amine is then combined at elevated temperature in a suitable solvent with the opposite enantiomer of the chiral acid used above. I.e., if the acid was L-(+)-tartaric acid in the previous steps, then the acid to be used here is D-(-)-tartaric acid. A preferred acid for the preparation of diasteriomeric salts at this point is D- (-)-tartaric acid.
- any crystals are separated and redissolved in a solvent capable of dissolving both diasteriomers at elevated temperature but only capable of maintaining one diasteriomer in solution upon cooling.
- suitable solvents for accomplishing this step are include mixtures of ethanol and water. Particularly preferred ethanol/water mixtures have volume ratios of ethanol to water of about 1:1.
- Upon cooling of the solution of diasteriomeric salts only one diasteriomer crystallizes, typically in at least 90% enantiomeric excess.
- the crystallized diasteriomer is a salt of the enantiomer resolved above.
- the single diasteriomer may be isolated by separating the crystals from the solvent by any suitable means such as, for example, filtration.
- the resolved second enantiomer may be liberated from the isolated salt of the single diasteriomer by treating the crystalline tartrate salt, preferably the D-(-)-tartrate salt, with a suitable base, as described above.
- the single enantiomer free amine is then isolated by extraction and removal of the solvent. It may subsequently be purified by recrystallization.
- Optical rotations of the resolved materials may be taken using a polarimeter. such as, for example, a Randolph Autopol polarimeter.
- the absolute configuration of the resolved enantiomers may be determined by single crystal X-ray analysis.
- the reaction mixture was treated with ethanol (100 mL) and H2SO4 (0.56 mL, 10.0 mmol), and the ether was evaporated under reduced pressure.
- the ethanolic solution was warmed under reflux for 4 h, then was diluted with 0.5N HC1 (100 mL) and extracted with Et2 ⁇ (3 x 100).
- the aqueous part was made alkaline by addition IN NaOH, and extracted with Et2 ⁇ (3 x 100).
- the filtrate saved from part 1 of this example was treated with excess ammonium hydroxide solution and the resulting mixture was subsequently extracted with methylene chloride. Removal of the solvent provided 1.93 g of crude free base.
- This material was combined with 1.16 g of D-(-)- tartaric acid in 35 mL of boiling 1:1 ethanol/water. The mixture was cooled for 4 hr at ambient temperature and then overnight at -10°C to provide 1.75 g of crystals. The crystals were then taken up in 35 mL of hot 1 : 1 ethanol/water and cooled to provide 1.31 g of crystals. The crystals were treated with excess ammonium hydroxide solution and extracted with methylene chloride.
- the S-(+)-naphthylethylisocyanate derivative of (5S,10S)-5-aminocarbonyl-5H- dibenzo[a,d]-cyclohepten-5,10-imine was prepared by mixing equal molar amounts of the resolved amine prepared in part 1 above and S-(+)-naphthylethylisocyanate (94 % enantiomeric excess) in methylene chloride and concentrating.
- *H NMR, 200 Mhz, analysis of the resulting urea derivative shows a doublet at 1.48 ppm, corresponding to 96% of the mixture and a doublet at 1.38 ppm accounting for 4% of the mixture.
- optical rotation of the the enantiomer obtained from resolution with L-(+)-tartaric acid is -21.2°.
- optical rotation of the the enantiomer obtain-ed from resolution with D-(-)-tartaric acid is +22.6°.
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Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU55394/96A AU5539496A (en) | 1995-04-11 | 1996-04-10 | Preparation of chiral 5-aminocarbonyl-5h-dibenzo-{a,d}cycloh epten-5,10-imines by optical resolution |
JP8531130A JPH10508873A (en) | 1995-04-11 | 1996-04-10 | Production of chiral 5-aminocarbonyl-5H-dibenzo [a, d] cycloheptene-5,10-imine by optical resolution |
MX9707834A MX9707834A (en) | 1996-04-10 | 1996-04-10 | PREPARATION OF CHIRAL 5-AMINOCARBONYL-5H-DIBENZO-[a,d]CYCLOHEPTEN-5,10-IMINES BY OPTICAL RESOLUTION. |
EP96912655A EP0813532A1 (en) | 1995-04-11 | 1996-04-10 | PREPARATION OF CHIRAL 5-AMINOCARBONYL-5H-DIBENZO- a,d]CYCLOHEPTEN-5,10-IMINES BY OPTICAL RESOLUTION |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/420,013 | 1995-04-11 | ||
US08/420,013 US5686614A (en) | 1995-04-11 | 1995-04-11 | Preparation of chiral 5-aminocarbonyl-5H-dibenzo a,d!cyclohepten-5,10-imines by optical resolution |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO1996032390A1 true WO1996032390A1 (en) | 1996-10-17 |
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PCT/US1996/004906 WO1996032390A1 (en) | 1995-04-11 | 1996-04-10 | PREPARATION OF CHIRAL 5-AMINOCARBONYL-5H-DIBENZO-[a,d]CYCLOHEPTEN-5,10-IMINES BY OPTICAL RESOLUTION |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US5686614A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0813532A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH10508873A (en) |
KR (1) | KR19980703775A (en) |
AU (1) | AU5539496A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2217877A1 (en) |
HU (1) | HUP9900894A3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1996032390A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
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DE19821039A1 (en) * | 1998-05-11 | 1999-11-18 | Bayer Ag | Production of (S,S)-8-benzyl-2,8-diazabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane useful as intermediate for antibiotic moxifloxacin |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2004872A (en) * | 1977-09-19 | 1979-04-11 | Merck & Co Inc | Dibenzocycloheptenimines |
WO1990013297A1 (en) * | 1989-05-09 | 1990-11-15 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, U.S. Department Of Commerce | 5-AMINOCARBONYL-5H-DIBENZO[a,d]CYCLOHEPTEN-5,10-IMINES FOR TREATMENT OF EPILEPSY AND COCAINE ADDICTION |
WO1992007855A1 (en) * | 1990-10-30 | 1992-05-14 | Warner-Lambert Company | Tetracyclic amines having pharmaceutical activity |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4399141A (en) * | 1977-09-19 | 1983-08-16 | Merck & Co., Inc. | 5-Alkyl or hydroxyalkyl substituted-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imines and anticonvulsant use thereof |
US4477668A (en) * | 1982-04-07 | 1984-10-16 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Process for 5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]-cyclohepten-5,10-imine |
US5196415A (en) * | 1989-05-09 | 1993-03-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services | 5-aminocarbonyl-5H-dibenzo[a.d]cyclohepten-5,10-imines for treatment of epilepsy and cocaine addiction |
-
1995
- 1995-04-11 US US08/420,013 patent/US5686614A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-04-10 AU AU55394/96A patent/AU5539496A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-04-10 EP EP96912655A patent/EP0813532A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-04-10 KR KR1019970707175A patent/KR19980703775A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-04-10 CA CA002217877A patent/CA2217877A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-04-10 WO PCT/US1996/004906 patent/WO1996032390A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-04-10 JP JP8531130A patent/JPH10508873A/en active Pending
- 1996-04-10 HU HU9900894A patent/HUP9900894A3/en unknown
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2004872A (en) * | 1977-09-19 | 1979-04-11 | Merck & Co Inc | Dibenzocycloheptenimines |
WO1990013297A1 (en) * | 1989-05-09 | 1990-11-15 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, U.S. Department Of Commerce | 5-AMINOCARBONYL-5H-DIBENZO[a,d]CYCLOHEPTEN-5,10-IMINES FOR TREATMENT OF EPILEPSY AND COCAINE ADDICTION |
WO1992007855A1 (en) * | 1990-10-30 | 1992-05-14 | Warner-Lambert Company | Tetracyclic amines having pharmaceutical activity |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2217877A1 (en) | 1996-10-17 |
HUP9900894A2 (en) | 1999-07-28 |
KR19980703775A (en) | 1998-12-05 |
EP0813532A1 (en) | 1997-12-29 |
US5686614A (en) | 1997-11-11 |
JPH10508873A (en) | 1998-09-02 |
AU5539496A (en) | 1996-10-30 |
HUP9900894A3 (en) | 1999-11-29 |
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