WO1996025563A1 - Land waste disposal site - Google Patents

Land waste disposal site Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996025563A1
WO1996025563A1 PCT/GB1996/000330 GB9600330W WO9625563A1 WO 1996025563 A1 WO1996025563 A1 WO 1996025563A1 GB 9600330 W GB9600330 W GB 9600330W WO 9625563 A1 WO9625563 A1 WO 9625563A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
disposal site
barrier layer
land
outer portion
site according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1996/000330
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
William Powrie
Original Assignee
British Nuclear Fuels Plc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB9503141A external-priority patent/GB9503141D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB9507114.8A external-priority patent/GB9507114D0/en
Application filed by British Nuclear Fuels Plc filed Critical British Nuclear Fuels Plc
Priority to AU46709/96A priority Critical patent/AU4670996A/en
Publication of WO1996025563A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996025563A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B1/00—Dumping solid waste
    • B09B1/004—Covering of dumping sites
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/30—Landfill technologies aiming to mitigate methane emissions

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a land disposal site for burying waste materials, and in particular to a capping for such a site.
  • a land disposal site for the burial of waste material comprising a depression formed in the ground for the reception and storage of the waste material, and a capping disposed so as to overlie the waste material deposited in the depression, wherein the capping comprises a water barrier layer having a peripheral portion comprising a substantially horizontal rim portion extending outwardly from the depression, the peripheral portion further comprising a sloping outer portion extending inwardly from said rim portion and inclined upwardly at an acute angle with respect to a horizontal plane.
  • the barrier layer further comprises a sloping inner portion extending inwardly and upwardly from the outer portion and inclined with respect to the horizontal plane at an acute angle which is less than that of the outer portion.
  • the outer portion of the barrier layer may be of substantially uniform thickness.
  • the outer portion of the barrier layer may have a thickness which converges from its junction with the rim portion towards a point at which it joins the inner portion.
  • the angle of inclination of the outer portion with respect to a horizontal plane lies within a range of 10° to 20°.
  • the angle of inclination of the outer portion is substantially 14°.
  • the inner portion and the rim portion of the barrier layer are each of substantially uniform thickness.
  • the barrier layer preferably comprises a material formed from a mixture of sand and bentonite.
  • the capping further comprises an overburden layer of material above the barrier layer and a layer of granular material below the barrier layer.
  • the waste material may comprise low level radioactive waste.
  • Figure 1 is a cross sectional elevation of a waste disposal site provided with a capping according to one aspect of the invention
  • Figure 2 is a cross sectional elevation of one half of the waste disposal site shown in Figure 1, showing the capping in greater detail, and
  • FIG 3 is a cross sectional elevation of one half of a capping according to a further aspect of the invention.
  • a waste disposal site comprises a depression in the form of an excavated trench 1 in the ground 2.
  • Waste material 3 is deposited in the trench 1 and covered by a low permeability capping 4.
  • the trench 1 may be suitably lined by a combination of mineral and geomembrane liners (not shown) and may be provided with drainage and gas venting systems (not shown) .
  • the waste material 3 may be of a hazardous or'toxic nature, such as low level radioactive waste.
  • the capping 4 has a peripheral portion comprising a rim 5 and a sloping outer region 6.
  • the rim 5 is supported substantially horizontally on the ground surface 7 with the inner end of the rim laterally displaced outwardly from an edge 8 of the trench 1.
  • the outer region 6 has substantially parallel upper and lower surfaces 9, 10 respectively.
  • An inner region 11 of the capping 4 extends inwardly from the outer wall 6 to the centre of the trench 1.
  • the inner region 11 has substantially parallel upper and lower surfaces 12, 13 respectively.
  • the capping 4 may have a thickness in the region of 3 metres and comprises an overburden layer 14, an intermediate water barrier layer 15 and a granular fill layer 16.
  • the overburden layer 14, typically soil may have a thickness in the order of 1.8 metres and the granular fill layer 16, preferably formed from sand, may have a thickness in the order of 0.6 metres.
  • the barrier layer 15 which may have a uniform thickness of approximately 0.6 metres, comprises an outer horizontal rim portion 17 within the rim 5, a sloping outer portion 18 within the outer region 6 and an inner portion 19 within the inner region 11. Inclination of the outer portion 18 with respect to a horizontal plane is at an acute angle A which lies within the range of 10° to 20°, a suitable angle being substantially 14°.
  • the barrier layer 15 is formed from a low permeability material, preferably an engineered soil comprising a mixture of sand and bentonite. Typically, the engineered soil may be prepared by mixing seven parts of a fine sand with one part of a coarse sand and water.
  • Bentonite is mixed separately with water in a high shear mixer and the resulting mixture is added to the fine/coarse sand mixture.
  • the initial moisture content of the engineered soil may be within the range of 26 to 28%. Over a period of time the water content of the barrier layer 15 will change from the initial value until it comes into equilibrium with the environmental conditions. The equilibrium water content is dependent on the effects of climatic variation and/or changes in the sea or groundwater level.
  • a sloping inner portion 19 of the barrier layer 15 extends from the inner extent of the outer portion 18 to the centre of the trench 1.
  • the inner portion 19 is inclined at an acute angle B with respect to the horizontal plane.
  • Angle B is smaller than angle A and lies within the range of 1° to 5°, a suitable angle being substantially 3°.
  • barrier layer 15 will remain leakproof over a long period of time.
  • the design of the barrier layer 15, particularly the provision of a sloping outer portion 18 around the edge of the capping, ensures that the layer will be subjected to compressive forces as the shape of the capping distorts due to settlement of the waste material 3. Thus, the formation of tensile cracks in the barrier layer is inhibited.
  • a capping 20 includes a sloping outer region 21 which has upper and lower surfaces 22, 23 respectively, which converge inwardly from a junction of the rim 5 with the outer region 21.
  • the thickness of an outer portion 24 of the intermediate barrier layer 15 converges from the rim portion 17 towards the point at which it joins the inner portion 19 within the inner region 11.
  • the barrier layer 15 has a thickened portion at a potentially weak spot at the base of the outer portion 24 which will inhibit the formation of cracks.
  • the inner portion 19 and the rim portion 17 are of substantially uniform thickness.
  • the average angle of slope A of the outer portion 24 and angle B of the inner portion 19 with respect to the horizontal plane correspond with those previously specified in relation to the embodiment shown in Figure 2.
  • Above the barrier layer 15 is an overburden layer 14 and below the layer 15 is a granular fill layer 16.
  • the design of the capping according to the invention ensures that the formation of tensile cracks in the water barrier layer is prevented or inhibited, thereby ensuring that the capping will retain its integrity over a long period of use. External water, particularly rainwater, is therefore prevented, or at least inhibited, from entering the waste material so that potential environmental problems associated with the leaching of harmful substances into the surrounding soil will be avoided.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

A capping (4) for a land disposal site for waste material (3), particularly hazardous waste, includes a water barrier layer (15) which may comprise a mixture of sand and bentonite. The barrier layer (15) has a peripheral portion comprising a substantially horizontal rim portion (17) and a sloping outer portion (18) extending inwardly and upwardly from the rim at an acute angle (A) with respect to the horizontal. The outer portion (18) may be of substantially uniform thickness or a varying thickness. A sloping inner portion (19) may extend inwardly from the outer portion at an angle with respect to the horizontal less than that of the outer portin. An overburden layer (14) and a granular layer (16) are provided above and below the barrier layer, respectively.

Description

LAND WASTE DISPOSAL SITE
This invention relates to a land disposal site for burying waste materials, and in particular to a capping for such a site.
It is known to cover waste material buried in a trench or depression in the ground by a capping which serves to prevent or limit the inflow of water into the waste material. Over a period of time settlement or subsidence of the waste material beneath the capping takes place, resulting in distortion of the capping. Such distortion can cause the formation of cracks in the capping. It will be apparent that the presence of cracks is a problem in that they may allow water to leak into and percolate through the waste material. If the waste material comprises hazardous waste, for example, low level radioactive material, leaching of dangerous substances into the surrounding soil can occur. Obviously this situation is unsatisfactory in that it can give rise to adverse environmental conditions.
It is an object of this invention to provide a capping for a waste material burial site in which the formation of cracks in the capping is prevented or at least inhibited.
According to the invention there is provided a land disposal site for the burial of waste material, the site comprising a depression formed in the ground for the reception and storage of the waste material, and a capping disposed so as to overlie the waste material deposited in the depression, wherein the capping comprises a water barrier layer having a peripheral portion comprising a substantially horizontal rim portion extending outwardly from the depression, the peripheral portion further comprising a sloping outer portion extending inwardly from said rim portion and inclined upwardly at an acute angle with respect to a horizontal plane.
Preferably, the barrier layer further comprises a sloping inner portion extending inwardly and upwardly from the outer portion and inclined with respect to the horizontal plane at an acute angle which is less than that of the outer portion.
The outer portion of the barrier layer may be of substantially uniform thickness.
Alternatively, the outer portion of the barrier layer may have a thickness which converges from its junction with the rim portion towards a point at which it joins the inner portion.
Suitably, the angle of inclination of the outer portion with respect to a horizontal plane lies within a range of 10° to 20°.
Preferably, the angle of inclination of the outer portion is substantially 14°.
Preferably, the inner portion and the rim portion of the barrier layer are each of substantially uniform thickness.
The barrier layer preferably comprises a material formed from a mixture of sand and bentonite.
Preferably, the capping further comprises an overburden layer of material above the barrier layer and a layer of granular material below the barrier layer.
The waste material may comprise low level radioactive waste.
Embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a cross sectional elevation of a waste disposal site provided with a capping according to one aspect of the invention,
Figure 2 is a cross sectional elevation of one half of the waste disposal site shown in Figure 1, showing the capping in greater detail, and
Figure 3 is a cross sectional elevation of one half of a capping according to a further aspect of the invention. Referring to Figure 1, a waste disposal site comprises a depression in the form of an excavated trench 1 in the ground 2. Waste material 3 is deposited in the trench 1 and covered by a low permeability capping 4. The trench 1 may be suitably lined by a combination of mineral and geomembrane liners (not shown) and may be provided with drainage and gas venting systems (not shown) . The waste material 3 may be of a hazardous or'toxic nature, such as low level radioactive waste.
As best seen in Figure 2, the capping 4 has a peripheral portion comprising a rim 5 and a sloping outer region 6. The rim 5 is supported substantially horizontally on the ground surface 7 with the inner end of the rim laterally displaced outwardly from an edge 8 of the trench 1. Preferably, the outer region 6 has substantially parallel upper and lower surfaces 9, 10 respectively. An inner region 11 of the capping 4 extends inwardly from the outer wall 6 to the centre of the trench 1. The inner region 11 has substantially parallel upper and lower surfaces 12, 13 respectively.
The capping 4 may have a thickness in the region of 3 metres and comprises an overburden layer 14, an intermediate water barrier layer 15 and a granular fill layer 16. Typically, the overburden layer 14, typically soil, may have a thickness in the order of 1.8 metres and the granular fill layer 16, preferably formed from sand, may have a thickness in the order of 0.6 metres.
The barrier layer 15, which may have a uniform thickness of approximately 0.6 metres, comprises an outer horizontal rim portion 17 within the rim 5, a sloping outer portion 18 within the outer region 6 and an inner portion 19 within the inner region 11. Inclination of the outer portion 18 with respect to a horizontal plane is at an acute angle A which lies within the range of 10° to 20°, a suitable angle being substantially 14°. The barrier layer 15 is formed from a low permeability material, preferably an engineered soil comprising a mixture of sand and bentonite. Typically, the engineered soil may be prepared by mixing seven parts of a fine sand with one part of a coarse sand and water. Bentonite is mixed separately with water in a high shear mixer and the resulting mixture is added to the fine/coarse sand mixture. The initial moisture content of the engineered soil may be within the range of 26 to 28%. Over a period of time the water content of the barrier layer 15 will change from the initial value until it comes into equilibrium with the environmental conditions. The equilibrium water content is dependent on the effects of climatic variation and/or changes in the sea or groundwater level.
A sloping inner portion 19 of the barrier layer 15 extends from the inner extent of the outer portion 18 to the centre of the trench 1. The inner portion 19 is inclined at an acute angle B with respect to the horizontal plane. Angle B is smaller than angle A and lies within the range of 1° to 5°, a suitable angle being substantially 3°.
Tests carried out to simulate the settlement or subsidence of the waste material 3 have shown that the barrier layer 15 will remain leakproof over a long period of time. The design of the barrier layer 15, particularly the provision of a sloping outer portion 18 around the edge of the capping, ensures that the layer will be subjected to compressive forces as the shape of the capping distorts due to settlement of the waste material 3. Thus, the formation of tensile cracks in the barrier layer is inhibited.
A further embodiment of the invention is shown in Figure 3. A capping 20 includes a sloping outer region 21 which has upper and lower surfaces 22, 23 respectively, which converge inwardly from a junction of the rim 5 with the outer region 21. Similarly, the thickness of an outer portion 24 of the intermediate barrier layer 15 converges from the rim portion 17 towards the point at which it joins the inner portion 19 within the inner region 11. Thus, the barrier layer 15 has a thickened portion at a potentially weak spot at the base of the outer portion 24 which will inhibit the formation of cracks. The inner portion 19 and the rim portion 17 are of substantially uniform thickness. The average angle of slope A of the outer portion 24 and angle B of the inner portion 19 with respect to the horizontal plane correspond with those previously specified in relation to the embodiment shown in Figure 2. Above the barrier layer 15 is an overburden layer 14 and below the layer 15 is a granular fill layer 16.
The design of the capping according to the invention ensures that the formation of tensile cracks in the water barrier layer is prevented or inhibited, thereby ensuring that the capping will retain its integrity over a long period of use. External water, particularly rainwater, is therefore prevented, or at least inhibited, from entering the waste material so that potential environmental problems associated with the leaching of harmful substances into the surrounding soil will be avoided.

Claims

Claims
1. A land disposal site for the burial of waste material comprises a depression formed in the ground for the reception and storage of waste material and a capping disposed so as to overlie the waste material deposited in the depression, wherein the capping comprises a water barrier layer having a peripheral portion comprising a substantially horizontal rim portion extending outwardly from the depression, the peripheral portion further comprising a sloping outer portion extending inwardly from said rim portion and inclined upwardly at an acute angle with respect to a horizontal plane.
2. A land disposal site according to Claim 1, wherein the barrier layer further comprises a sloping inner portion extending inwardly and upwardly form the outer portion and inclined with respect to the horizontal plane at an acute which is less than that of the outer portion.
3. A land disposal site according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein the outer portion of the barrier layer is of substantially uniform thickness.
4. A land disposal site according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein the outer portion of the barrier layer has a thickness which converges from its junction with the rim portion towards a point at which it joins the inner portion.
5. A land disposal site according to any one of the preceding Claims, wherein the angle of inclination of the outer portion with respect to a horizontal plane lies within a range of 10° to 20°.
6. A land disposal site according to Claim 5, wherein the angle of inclination of the outer portion is substantially 14°.
7. A land disposal site according to any one of the preceding Claims, wherein the inner portion and the rim portion are each of substantially uniform thickness.
8. A land disposal site according to any one of the preceding Claims, wherein the barrier layer comprises a material formed from a mixture of sand and bentonite.
9. A land disposal site according to any one of the preceding Claims, wherein the capping further comprises an overburden layer of material above the barrier layer and a layer of granular material below the barrier layer.
10. A land waste disposal site according to any one of the preceding Claims, wherein the waste material comprises low level radioactive waste.
11. A land waste disposal site substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
PCT/GB1996/000330 1995-02-17 1996-02-15 Land waste disposal site WO1996025563A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU46709/96A AU4670996A (en) 1995-02-17 1996-02-15 Land waste disposal site

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9503141.5 1995-02-17
GB9503141A GB9503141D0 (en) 1995-02-17 1995-02-17 Simulation testing of a capping for a waste disposal site
GBGB9507114.8A GB9507114D0 (en) 1995-04-06 1995-04-06 Land waste disposal site
GB9507114.8 1995-04-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996025563A1 true WO1996025563A1 (en) 1996-08-22

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PCT/GB1996/000330 WO1996025563A1 (en) 1995-02-17 1996-02-15 Land waste disposal site

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AU (1) AU4670996A (en)
WO (1) WO1996025563A1 (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19733740A1 (en) * 1997-06-19 1999-01-21 Jena Geos Ingenieurbuero Gmbh Rainwater protection mat for open site refuse tip with particles
DE19746600A1 (en) * 1997-10-22 1999-04-29 Josef Prof Dr Ing Brauns Surface seal, especially for waste tips
DE19913750A1 (en) * 1999-03-26 2000-10-19 Jungbauer & Partner Umwelt Con Sealing system especially for landfill sites etc.
JP2014016365A (en) * 2013-10-01 2014-01-30 Toyobo Co Ltd Method of treating waste cover
CN109162457A (en) * 2018-08-16 2019-01-08 浙江普天园林建筑发展有限公司 A kind of compound Sustainable Landscape method of construction

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4375930A (en) * 1980-12-03 1983-03-08 Stabatrol Corp. Permanent disposal vault for containers
EP0390378A2 (en) * 1989-03-31 1990-10-03 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Side loading vault system and method for the disposal of radioactive waste
DE3910176A1 (en) * 1989-03-29 1990-10-04 Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag Protection and sealing of steep slopes, in particular of waste heaps and the like
US5078543A (en) * 1990-07-11 1992-01-07 Terrel Ronald L Storage system for solid waste material
DE9215913U1 (en) * 1992-11-24 1993-01-14 Strabag Bau-AG, 5000 Köln Landfill and asphalt sealing for this

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4375930A (en) * 1980-12-03 1983-03-08 Stabatrol Corp. Permanent disposal vault for containers
DE3910176A1 (en) * 1989-03-29 1990-10-04 Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag Protection and sealing of steep slopes, in particular of waste heaps and the like
EP0390378A2 (en) * 1989-03-31 1990-10-03 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Side loading vault system and method for the disposal of radioactive waste
US5078543A (en) * 1990-07-11 1992-01-07 Terrel Ronald L Storage system for solid waste material
DE9215913U1 (en) * 1992-11-24 1993-01-14 Strabag Bau-AG, 5000 Köln Landfill and asphalt sealing for this

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
D'ANTONIO ET AL.: "BURYING THE NUCLEAR PAST", CIVIL ENGINEERING, vol. 57, no. 2, February 1987 (1987-02-01), NEW YORK USA, pages 55 - 57, XP002001569 *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19733740A1 (en) * 1997-06-19 1999-01-21 Jena Geos Ingenieurbuero Gmbh Rainwater protection mat for open site refuse tip with particles
DE19733740C2 (en) * 1997-06-19 2002-03-28 Jena Geos Ingenieurbuero Gmbh Surface penetration-reducing surface coverage of deposits
DE19746600A1 (en) * 1997-10-22 1999-04-29 Josef Prof Dr Ing Brauns Surface seal, especially for waste tips
DE19913750A1 (en) * 1999-03-26 2000-10-19 Jungbauer & Partner Umwelt Con Sealing system especially for landfill sites etc.
JP2014016365A (en) * 2013-10-01 2014-01-30 Toyobo Co Ltd Method of treating waste cover
CN109162457A (en) * 2018-08-16 2019-01-08 浙江普天园林建筑发展有限公司 A kind of compound Sustainable Landscape method of construction

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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