WO1996025472A1 - Process for the production of olefins using a molybdenum oxicarbide dehydrogenation catalyst - Google Patents
Process for the production of olefins using a molybdenum oxicarbide dehydrogenation catalyst Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996025472A1 WO1996025472A1 PCT/FI1996/000094 FI9600094W WO9625472A1 WO 1996025472 A1 WO1996025472 A1 WO 1996025472A1 FI 9600094 W FI9600094 W FI 9600094W WO 9625472 A1 WO9625472 A1 WO 9625472A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- feed
- molybdenum
- fraction
- previous
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G11/02—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils characterised by the catalyst used
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/20—Carbon compounds
- B01J27/22—Carbides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
- C07C5/32—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with formation of free hydrogen
- C07C5/327—Formation of non-aromatic carbon-to-carbon double bonds only
- C07C5/333—Catalytic processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2527/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- C07C2527/20—Carbon compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2527/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- C07C2527/20—Carbon compounds
- C07C2527/22—Carbides
- C07C2527/224—Silicon carbide
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process in accordance with the preamble of claim 1 for the production of light olefins by contacting a feed of dehydrogenable hydrocarbons at an elevated temperature with a catalyst in order to produce light olefins.
- Fluidized bed catalytic cracking gives rise to a low yield of light olefins.
- Adiabatic processes In adiabatic reactors both the catalyst bed temperature and the feed temperature are above the optimum process temperature at the beginning of the process cycle. 2. Isothermal processes: As far as the process technology is concerned, the reaction temperature should be as constant as possible. A temperature, which is too high, increases the coke formation and decreases the selectivity to olefins and a temperature, which is too low, decreases the conversion. In isothermal processes cracking cannot be prevented, because the temperature near the inner surface of the reactor tubes exceeds the safe temperature limit.
- chromium oxide has numerous oxidation states among which Cr(VI) is known to be carcinogenic and allergenic.
- the cost of platinum is very high. For these reasons the use of these catalysts is difficult in the processes where they can escape (e.g. in the fluidized bed processes where a part of the catalyst can vanish among the products).
- Other possible catalysts for dehydro ⁇ genation are based on vanadium oxide, molybdenum oxide, and metal carbides. These are presently in the developing stage.
- the present invention is based on the concept of replacing the commonly used catalysts of the conventional catalytic dehydrogenation processes with new materials recently developed.
- the new catalysts for the dehydrogenation process comprise molybdenum oxicarbide which optionally is supported on silicon carbide.
- the present invention provides a process for the dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons at an elevated temperature with a catalyst comprising or consisting essentially of porous molybdenum oxicarbides in bulk form or, preferably, supported on silicon carbide, pure or doped.
- the process is carried out in the presence of water vapour or traces of free oxygen or oxygen containing compounds in order to stabilize the oxicarbide phase.
- New high specific surface area silicon carbide or oxicarbide or carbides or oxicarbides of other elements such as Mo, W, V etc. have been recently developed. They are used in petrochemical catalyzed reactions or for the conversion of exhaust gas of IC engines (EP 0 313 480, EP 0 396 475, EP 0 474 570, EP 0 534 867 and EP 0 624 560). Said catalysts may be used as such and/or activated and/or supported and/or doped by elements such as rare earth metals. In particular molybdenum carbide and oxicarbide are advantageous in cracking, reforming and dehydrogenation reactions (EP 0 396 475).
- the active phase of the catalysts used in the present process has a large specific surface area (1 to 200 m 2 /g). Its general formula is MoO x C y , wherein x is 0.01 to 5 and y is 0.01 to 10.
- the molybdenum oxicarbides used in this invention can be made by any suitable method, preferably by the methods disclosed in the patent publications mentioned above.
- the molybdenum oxicarbide can be prepared by reduction and carburation of the corresponding oxide (for instance MoO 3 ).
- the preparation process preferably consists of initially oxidizing the base metal in a current of air containing oxygen at a temperature between 300 and 450 °C for 3-15 hrs. This is preferably preceded by treatment in a flux of hydrogen at 600 to 800 °C for 1 to 2 hrs.
- the oxide formed, for instance MoO 3 ) is then subjected to a gaseous mixture of
- the molybdenum oxicarbide can be in mixture with oxicarbides of other metals, in particular tungstene (W) and/or chromium (Cr).
- W tungstene
- Cr chromium
- the atomic ratio betwen Mo and the other metal(s) ranges from about 0.01 to 100, preferably about 0.05 to 50.
- the preferred atomic ratio Mo/W is 1 to 30.
- Mo/Cr mixed oxides the atomic ratio Mo/Cr is 0.1 to 10.
- the active phase can be supported on a high specific surface area silicon carbide.
- Suitable silicon carbide materials are, for instance, disclosed in more detail in the following prior art publications: EP 2 621 904, EP 0 313 480 Bl, EP 0 440 569 A2, EP 0 511 919 Al, EP 0 543 752 Al, EP 0 543 751 Al, US 5 217 930, US 4 914 070.
- finely divided SiC (submicron particles of surface area at least 200 ⁇ rg "1 ) can be obtained by: generating SiO gas in a first reaction zone, heating SiO 2 +Si at a temperature between 1100 and 1400 °C under a pressure of 0.1 to 1.5 mmPa, and, in a second reaction zone, reacting SiO gas with finely divided carbon of surface area at least 200 nrg "1 at a temp of 1100 to 1400 °C. It is particularly preferred to form SiO at a temperature of 1200 to 1300 °C or 1100 to 1200 °C. The preferred temperature for the reaction of SiO with C is between 1100 and 1200 °C.
- the SiC can be doped as decribed below and then the product can be subjected to a postcalcination in air at a temperature between 600 and 800 °C for about 0.5 to 2 hrs. It is preferred to carry out the reaction in an inert atmosphere (argon or helium).
- an inert atmosphere argon or helium
- the silicon carbide support can be pure or doped with rare earth elements, lanthanides or actinides or mixtures thereof.
- preferred doping elements the following may be mentioned: Ce, U, Ti, Zr, and Hf.
- the doping can be carried out by impregnation by means of a solution, aqueous or other of a soluble compound (such as acetyl acetonate, nitrate etc.) decomposed by a heat treatment prior to the method of obtaining the heavy metal carbide.
- the specific surface area of the carbon is somewhat reduced during doping, but it generally remains higher than 200 m 2 /g.
- the amount of the doping element, such as Ce is 0.5 to 20 % by weight, typically about 1 to 10 % by weight.
- the doping may be used to modify the catalytic properties of the catalysts. This feature will be apparent from a comparison of the results obtained in Example 3 and 5, respectively, given below; doping with Ce of the support of a SiC-supported molybdenum oxicarbide catalyst greatly increases the C 4 -selectivity of the catalyst.
- the hydrocarbon feed to be treated in the process of this invention can contain at least alkanes having from 2 to 12 carbon atoms per molecule.
- suitable alkanes are: ethane, propane, n-butane, isobutane, 2-methylbutane, n-pentane, 2-methylpentane and n-hexane and the like.
- Preferred alkanes are those containing 2-5 carbon atoms per molecule.
- the hydrocarbon feed can also contain at least one cycloalkane having from 5 to 10 carbon atoms per molecule.
- suitable cycloalkanes are cyclopentane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, 1,3-dimethylcyclohexane and ethylcyclohexane and the like.
- the hydrocarbon feed can also be a fraction of petroleum crude oil, or a fraction of a catalytic cracker effluent, or a fraction of shale oil, or a fraction of a product produced by extraction or liquefaction of coal, or a similar hydrocarbon feedstock.
- a petroleum fraction having a boiling point at atmospheric pressure in the range of about 0 °C to 220 °C, such as gasoline or naphtha fraction is used as a feed.
- These fractions generally contain alkanes having from 4 to 12 carbon atoms per molecule as a major component.
- the presence of water vapour in the reaction is preferred. Water vapour inhibits the formation of carbide phase which catalyses hydrogenolysis and increases methane content in the cracked product.
- the molar fraction of steam is generally 0.01 to 25 %, preferably from about 0.1 to 5 %.
- Water can be replaced by oxygen-containing compound, such as alcohols or ethers, in a concentration of 0.01 to 25 mol-%, or by a small amount, below 1 wt-%, of free oxygen in the gas phase.
- Any apparatus which will afford an intimate contact of the hydrocarbon feed stream with the catalyst of this invention at an elevated temperature, can be employed. The process is in no way limited to a particular apparatus. The process can be carried out in a batch process, e.g.
- the catalyst can be dispersed in the feed, or it can be used as a fixed bed.
- the process can also be carried out as a continuous process, e.g. in a tubular reactor containing the catalyst as a fixed bed, or in a fluidized bed reactor, where the flowing catalyst is separated after the reaction and regenerated preferably in another reactor.
- hydrocarbon feed stream is used herein to both batch and continuous process.
- reaction temperature ranges from about 400 °C to about 700 °C, preferably from 500 °C to 600 °C due to thermodynamics.
- reaction pressure can be utilized in the dehydrogenation process of this invention.
- reaction pressure can be in the range from nearly vacuum (0.1 bar (abs)) to as high as 30 bar (abs).
- reaction time i.e. the time of intimate contact of the hydrocarbon feed stream with the catalyst can be used in the process of this invention.
- the actual reaction time will greatly depend on such features as the effective reaction temperature, the type of feed used, the type of catalyst employed and its particle size.
- the reaction time ranges from about 0.5 to 100 seconds, preferably from about 1 to 50 seconds.
- the reaction time is generally expressed in terms of the weight hourly space velocity (WHSV), which can be range from about 0.1 to about 12 t feed t catalyst/hour, preferably from 0.2 to 4 t feed /t catalyst /hour.
- WHSV weight hourly space velocity
- the dehydrogenated products formed in the process of this invention are preferably separated from the reaction mixture by any separation means, e.g. by fractional distillation. Unconverted feed hydrocarbons are preferably recycled to the reaction zone and hydrogen gas, which is formed during the process can be used as fuel or as reactant for chemical syntheses (hydrogenation).
- the substantially deactivated catalyst can be regenerated in the same reactor by interrupting the flow of hydrocarbon feed and contacting the catalyst with a free oxygen containing gas, preferably air, at such regeneration conditions that will result in coke removal.
- This regeneration process can be carried out in a separate reactor as well.
- “Substantially deactivated catalyst” as used herein means a catalyst that has lost a sufficiently high portion of its initial activity and no longer converts the feed hydrocarbon to the desired products at commercially acceptable yields.
- Typical regeneration temperature is 400 to 800 °C using air or diluted air as a regenerating agent.
- the catalyst Before and after the regeneration the catalyst is stripped by passing nitrogen or other inert gas through the catalyst to prevent the catalyst for overheating, which could induce safety consequences.
- light olefins in particular ethylene, propylene, butylenes and/or amylenes are produced by the present process, the butylenes generally being the main component of the reaction product mixture.
- This example illustrates the dehydrogenation of n-butane over unsupported Mo oxicarbide catalyst.
- the catalyst can be prepared as described in EP 0 396 475).
- the reactant feed was a mixture of n-butane (WHSV 2 h '1 ) and hydrogen.
- the temperature was increased from 350 °C to 550 °C, the temperature of the reaction, at a rate of 50 °C/min.
- the reaction pressure was atmospheric pressure. No water vapour or oxygen was used during the reaction.
- Oxidative regeneration was performed in flowing air (20 cmVmin) at the same reaction temperature for 10 min after flushing the apparatus with He (50 cmVmin).
- This example illustrates the dehydrogenation of n-butane over a catalyst containing a physical mixture of Mo oxicarbide (500 mg) and silicon carbide (400 mg) (The SiC can be prepared as described in one of the references mentioned in the general part of the description).
- This example illustrates the dehydrogenation of n-butane over a supported molybdenum oxicarbide.
- the catalyst is SiC-supported molybdenum oxicarbide (10 - 20 wt-%). 14 Torr of water vapour in the gas stream is used during the processes.
- This example illustrates the dehydrogenation of n-butane over a SiC-supported Mo oxicarbide (10 - 20 wt-%) in the presence of 14 Torr water vapour in the gas stream.
- the total mass of the catalyst was 5000 mg (WHSV 0.2 h "1 ). After the second regeneration the temperature of the dehydrogenation reaction was 570 °C.
- the first type included molybdenum/tungstene unsupported mixed oxides with an atomic ratio of Mo-to-W in the range of 30 to 1.
- the second type comprised molybdenum/chromium SiC-supported and unsupported mixed oxides with an atomic ratio of Mo-to-Cr in the range of 0.1 to 10.
- the weight ratio of Cr was 3.9 % and 9.88 % for molybdenum.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU47199/96A AU4719996A (en) | 1995-02-17 | 1996-02-19 | Process for the production of olefins using a molybdenum oxicarbide dehydrogenation catalyst |
EP96903014A EP0809684A1 (en) | 1995-02-17 | 1996-02-19 | Process for the production of olefins using a molybdenum oxicarbide dehydrogenation catalyst |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FI950751A FI97546C (en) | 1995-02-17 | 1995-02-17 | Process for the preparation of olefins |
FI950751 | 1995-02-17 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1996025472A1 true WO1996025472A1 (en) | 1996-08-22 |
Family
ID=8542890
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FI1996/000094 WO1996025472A1 (en) | 1995-02-17 | 1996-02-19 | Process for the production of olefins using a molybdenum oxicarbide dehydrogenation catalyst |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0809684A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU4719996A (en) |
FI (1) | FI97546C (en) |
WO (1) | WO1996025472A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2013135390A1 (en) * | 2012-03-16 | 2013-09-19 | TRISCHLER, Christian | Catalyst, method for producing same and use of the catalyst in a method and in a device for producing olefins |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0396475A1 (en) * | 1989-03-28 | 1990-11-07 | PECHINEY RECHERCHE (Groupement d'Intérêt Economique régi par l'Ordonnance du 23 Septembre 1967) | Preparation of heavy metal carbides having high specific surface area |
-
1995
- 1995-02-17 FI FI950751A patent/FI97546C/en active
-
1996
- 1996-02-19 AU AU47199/96A patent/AU4719996A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-02-19 EP EP96903014A patent/EP0809684A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-02-19 WO PCT/FI1996/000094 patent/WO1996025472A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0396475A1 (en) * | 1989-03-28 | 1990-11-07 | PECHINEY RECHERCHE (Groupement d'Intérêt Economique régi par l'Ordonnance du 23 Septembre 1967) | Preparation of heavy metal carbides having high specific surface area |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2013135390A1 (en) * | 2012-03-16 | 2013-09-19 | TRISCHLER, Christian | Catalyst, method for producing same and use of the catalyst in a method and in a device for producing olefins |
CN104245122A (en) * | 2012-03-16 | 2014-12-24 | 克里斯蒂安·特里施勒 | Catalyst, method for producing same and use of the catalyst in a method and in a device for producing olefins |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FI950751A0 (en) | 1995-02-17 |
EP0809684A1 (en) | 1997-12-03 |
AU4719996A (en) | 1996-09-04 |
FI97546C (en) | 1997-01-10 |
FI97546B (en) | 1996-09-30 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CA1316946C (en) | Process for the production of mono-olefins by the catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation of gaseous paraffinic hydrocarbons having two or more carbon atoms | |
TW589293B (en) | Method for producing ethylene and propylene | |
KR100199684B1 (en) | Process for the production of mono-olefins | |
US5191131A (en) | Process for preparation of lower aliphatic hydrocarbons | |
KR102084909B1 (en) | Catalytic composition and process for the dehydrogenation of butenes or mixtures of butanes and butenes to give 1,3-butadiene | |
WO2010061179A1 (en) | Catalytic cracking process of a stream of hydrocarbons for maximization of light olefins | |
JP3854650B2 (en) | Olefin metathesis | |
CN112135687A (en) | Silica promoters for platinum and gallium based propane dehydrogenation catalysts | |
US4620051A (en) | Dehydrogenation and cracking of C3 and C4 hydrocarbons to less saturated hydrocarbons | |
US4172816A (en) | Catalytic process for preparing olefins by hydrocarbon pyrolysis | |
Lee et al. | Reforming catalyst made from the metals recovered from spent atmospheric resid desulfurization catalyst | |
JP2005505613A (en) | Method for dehydrogenating C2-C30-alkanes | |
Cuong et al. | Reactions of n-heptane and methylcyclopentane over an oxygen-modified molybdenum carbide catalyst. Study of coke formation, catalyst deactivation, and regeneration | |
US2626286A (en) | Production of aromatics and saturated aliphatics | |
KR102413286B1 (en) | Dehydrogenation method | |
JPS6132356B2 (en) | ||
WO1996025472A1 (en) | Process for the production of olefins using a molybdenum oxicarbide dehydrogenation catalyst | |
US4334116A (en) | Dehydrogenation using promoted molybdenum-copper-tin catalysts | |
Miki et al. | The selectivity in ring opening of cyclohexane and methylcyclopentane over a nickel-alumina catalyst | |
TW200306290A (en) | Preparation of 4-vinylcyclohexene, ethylbenzene and styrene | |
US4279777A (en) | Molybdenum-copper-tin catalysts | |
US3299156A (en) | Dehydrocyclization catalyst and process | |
JP4406542B2 (en) | Carbon dioxide promoted dehydrogenation process to olefins | |
JP6527364B2 (en) | Process for producing a product containing butadiene | |
US2540587A (en) | Process for producing hydrocarbons |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AM AT AU AZ BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CZ DE DK EE ES FI GB GE HU IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LK LR LS LT LU LV MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK TJ TM TR TT UA UG US UZ VN AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): KE LS MW SD SZ UG AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN ML MR |
|
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1996903014 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1996903014 Country of ref document: EP |
|
REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: 8642 |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Ref document number: 1996903014 Country of ref document: EP |