WO1996019983A1 - Dimeres d'acetate 4,4-(disubstitue)cyclohexane-1-ylidine et composes associes - Google Patents

Dimeres d'acetate 4,4-(disubstitue)cyclohexane-1-ylidine et composes associes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996019983A1
WO1996019983A1 PCT/US1995/015898 US9515898W WO9619983A1 WO 1996019983 A1 WO1996019983 A1 WO 1996019983A1 US 9515898 W US9515898 W US 9515898W WO 9619983 A1 WO9619983 A1 WO 9619983A1
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independently
alkyl
substituted
cr4r5
unsubstituted
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PCT/US1995/015898
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English (en)
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Siegfried B. Christensen, Iv
Joseph M. Karpinski
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Smithkline Beecham Corporation
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Priority to EP95943016A priority Critical patent/EP0799036A4/fr
Priority to JP8520462A priority patent/JPH10511656A/ja
Publication of WO1996019983A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996019983A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C255/00—Carboxylic acid nitriles
    • C07C255/01—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C255/32—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a carbon skeleton containing at least one six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C255/37—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a carbon skeleton containing at least one six-membered aromatic ring the carbon skeleton being further substituted by etherified hydroxy groups
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/08—Antiallergic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
    • C07C69/66—Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety
    • C07C69/73—Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of unsaturated acids
    • C07C69/734—Ethers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
    • C07C2601/06—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a five-membered ring
    • C07C2601/08—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a five-membered ring the ring being saturated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
    • C07C2601/12—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring
    • C07C2601/14—The ring being saturated

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to novel 4,4-(disubstituted)cyclohexan-l-ylidine acetate dimers and related compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds, and their use in treating allergic and inflammatory diseases and for inhibiting the production of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF).
  • TNF Tumor Necrosis Factor
  • Bronchial asthma is a complex, mult-factorial disease characterized by reversible narrowing of the airway and hyperreactivity of the respiratory tract to external stimuli.
  • Cyclic AMP has been shown to be a second messenger mediating the biologic responses to a wide range of hormones, neurotransmitters and drugs; [Krebs Endocrinology Proceedings of the 4th International Congress Excerpta Medica, 17-29, 1973].
  • adenylate cyclase is activated, which converts Mg + 2-ATP to cAMP at an accelerated rate.
  • Cyclic AMP modulates the activity of most, if not all, of the cells that contribute to the pathophysiology of extrinsic (allergic) asthma.
  • cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases PDEs
  • PDE isozyme
  • PDE IV is responsible for cAMP breakdown in airway smooth muscle and inflammatory cells.
  • Talphy "Phosphodiesterase Isozymes: Potential Targets for Novel Anti-asthmatic Agents” in New -Drugs for Asthma, Barnes, ed. HBC Technical Services Ltd., 1989]. Research indicates that inhibition of this enzyme not only produces airway smooth muscle relaxation, but also suppresses degranulation of mast cells, basophils and neutrophils along with inhibiting the activation of monocytes and neutrophils.
  • PDE IV inhibitors are markedly potentiated when adenylate cyclase activity of target cells is elevated by appropriate hormones or autocoids, as would be the case in vivo.
  • PDE IV inhibitors would be effective in the asthmatic lung, where levels of prostaglandin E2 and prostacyclin (activators of adenylate cyclase) are elevated.
  • Such compounds would offer a unique approach toward the pharmacotherapy of bronchial asthma and possess significant therapeutic advantages over agents currently on the market.
  • TNF Tumor Necrosis Factor
  • rheumatoid arthritis rheumatoid spondylitis
  • osteoarthritis gouty arthritis and other arthritic conditions
  • sepsis septic shock, endotoxic shock, gram negative sepsis
  • toxic shock syndrome adult respiratory distress syndrome
  • cerebral malaria chronic pulmonary inflammatory disease
  • silicosis pulmonary sarcoidosis
  • bone resorption diseases reperfusion injury, graft vs.
  • allograft rejections fever and myalgias due to infection, such as influenza, cachexia secondary to infection or malignancy, cachexia secondary to human acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), AIDS, ARC (AIDS related complex), keloid formation, scar tissue formation, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, or pyresis, in addition to a number of autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, autoimmune diabetes and systemic lupus erythematosis.
  • AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome
  • AIDS AIDS
  • ARC AIDS related complex
  • keloid formation scar tissue formation
  • Crohn's disease Crohn's disease
  • ulcerative colitis ulcerative colitis
  • pyresis in addition to a number of autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, autoimmune diabetes and systemic lupus erythematosis.
  • AIDS results from the infection of T lymphocytes with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HTV).
  • HTV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
  • HIV-1 HIV-1
  • HIV-2 HIV-2
  • HIV-3 HIV-3
  • T-cell- mediated immunity is impaired and infected individuals manifest severe opportunistic infections and/or unusual neoplasms.
  • HIV entry into the T lymphocyte requires T lymphocyte activation.
  • Viruses such as HIV-1 or HIV-2 infect T lymphocytes after T cell activation and such virus protein expression and/or replication is mediated or maintained by such T cell activation. Once an activated T lymphocyte is infected with HIV, the T lymphocyte must continue to be maintained in an activated state to permit HTV gene expression and/or HIV replication.
  • Cytokines are implicated in activated T-cell-mediated HIV protein expression and/or virus replication by playing a role in maintaining T lymphocyte activation. Therefore, interference with cytokine activity such as by inhibition of cytokine production, notably TNF, in an HIV-infected individual aids in limiting the maintenance of T cell activation, thereby reducing the progression of HIV infectivity to previously uninfected cells which results in a slowing or elimination of the progression of immune dysfunction caused by HIV infection.
  • Monocytes, macrophages, and related cells such as kupffer and glial cells, have also been implicated in maintenance of the HIV infection. These cells, like T cells, are targets for viral replication and the level of viral replication is dependent upon the activation state of the cells.
  • TNF has also been implicated in various roles with other viral infections, such as the cytomegalovirus (CMV), influenza virus, adenovirus, and the herpes virus for similar reasons as those noted.
  • CMV cytomegalovirus
  • influenza virus influenza virus
  • adenovirus adenovirus
  • herpes virus herpes virus
  • TNF is also associated with yeast and fungal infections. Specifically Candida albicans has been shown to induce TNF production in vitro in human monocytes and natural killer cells. [See Riipi et al., Infection and Immunity, 58(9) :2750-54, 1990; and Jafari et al, Journal of Infectious Diseases, 164:389-95, 1991. See also Wasan et al, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 35,(10):2046-48, 1991; and Luke et al, Journal of Infectious Diseases, 162:211-214,1990].
  • novel compounds of this invention are represented by Formula (I):
  • Rl is independently -(CR4R5)nC(O)O(CR4R5)mR6.
  • alkyl moieties may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more fluorines; m is 0 to 2; n is 0 to 4; r is 0 to 6;
  • R4 and R5 are independently selected hydrogen or C 1-2 alkyl
  • R6 is independently hydrogen, methyl, hydroxyl, aryl, halo substituted aryl, aryloxyC 1-3 alkyl, halo substituted aryloxyC 1.3 alkyl, indanyl, indenyl, C7- 11 polycycloalkyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, furanyl, tetrahydropyranyl, pyranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, thienyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, thiopyranyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, or a C4- 6 cycloalkyl containing one or two unsaturated bonds, wherein the cycloalkyl or heterocyclic moieties may be unsubstituted or substituted by 1 to 3 methyl groups, one ethyl group, or an hydroxyl group; provided that: a) when R6 is hydroxyl, then m is 2; or b) when R6 is hydroxyl, then
  • W is alkyl of 2 to 6 carbons, alkenyl of 2 to 6 carbon atoms or alkynyl of 2 to 6 carbon atoms;
  • X is independently YR2- fluorine, NR4R5, or formyl amine; Y is independently O or S(O)m'; m' is 0, 1 , or 2; X2 is O or NR8;
  • X3 is independently hydrogen or X
  • R2 is independently selected from -CH3 or -CH2CH3 unsubstituted or substituted by 1 or more fluorines; s is 0 to 4; Z is independently C(-CN)2. CR14CN, CRi4C(O)OR8, CRi4C(O)NR8Rl4,
  • R7 is independently -(CR4R5)qRi2 or C _6 alkyl wherein the R12 or C1 _g alkyl group is unsubstituted or substituted one or more times by methyl or ethyl unsubstituted or substituted by 1-3 fluorines, -F, -Br, -Cl, -NO2, -NRJORH, -C(O)R ⁇ , -CO2R8, -O(CH 2 ) q R8.
  • R is independently selected from hydrogen or R9;
  • R9 is independently C ⁇ .A alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one to three fluorines;
  • RjO is independently OR8 or Ri 1;
  • R ⁇ 1 is independently hydrogen, or C 1.4 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one to three fluorines; or when Rio and Ri 1 are as NRioRl 1 they may together with the nitrogen form a 5 to 7 membered ring comprised of carbon or carbon and at least one heteroatom selected from O, N, or S;
  • Rl3 is independently oxazolidinyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, imidazolyl, imidazolidinyl, thiazolidinyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, or thiadiazolyl, and each of these heterocyclic rings is connected through a carbon atom and each may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or two Cj_2 Ukyl groups;
  • R 4 is independently hydrogen or R7; or when R8 and R 14 are as NR ⁇ R 14 they may together with the nitrogen form a 5 to 7 membered ring comprised of carbon or carbon and at least one heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S; or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
  • This invention also relates to the pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of Formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent
  • the invention also relates to a method of mediation or inhibition of the enzymatic activity (or catalytic activity) of PDE IV in mammals, including humans, which comprises administering to a mammal in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) as shown below.
  • the invention further provides a method for the treatment of allergic and inflammatory disease which comprises administering to a mammal, including humans, in need thereof, an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I).
  • the invention also provides a method for the treatment of asthma which comprises administering to a mammal, including humans, in need thereof, an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I).
  • This invention also relates to a method of inhibiting TNF production in a mam ⁇ -al, including humans, which method comprises administering to a mammal in need of such treatment, an effective TNF inhibiting amount of a compound of Formula (I).
  • This method may be used for the prophylactic treatment or prevention of certain TNF mediated disease states amenable thereto.
  • This invention also relates to a method of treating a human afflicted with a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which comprises administering to such human an effective TNF inhibiting amount of a compound of Formula (I).
  • HAV human immunodeficiency virus
  • Compounds of Formula (I) are also useful in the treatment of additional viral infections, where such viruses are sensitive to upregulation by TNF or will elicit TNF production in vivo.
  • compounds of Formula (I) are also useful in treating yeast and fungal infections, where such yeast and fungi are sensitive to upregulation by TNF or will elicit TNF production in vivo.
  • This invention relates to a method of mediating or inhibiting the enzymatic activity (or catalytic activity) of PDE IV in a mammal in need thereof and to inhibiting the production of TNF in a mammal in need thereof, which comprises administering to said mammal an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I).
  • Phosphodiesterase IV inhibitors are useful in the treatment of a variety of allergic and inflammatory diseases including: asthma, chronic bronchitis, atopic dermatitis, urticaria, allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, vernal conjunctivitis, eosinophilic granuloma, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, septic shock, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, reperfusion injury of the myocardium and brain, chronic glomerulonephritis, endotoxic shock and adult respiratory distress syndrome.
  • PDE TV inhibitors are useful in the treatment of diabetes insipidus and central nervous system disorders such as depression and multi-infarct dementia.
  • viruses contemplated for treatment herein are those that produce TNF as a result of infection, or those which are sensitive to inhibition, such as by decreased replication, directly or indirectly, by the TNF inhibitors of Formula (I).
  • viruses include, but are not limited to HIV-1, HTV-2 and HIV-3, cytomegalovirus (CMV), influenza, adenovirus and the Herpes group of viruses, such as, but not limited to, Herpes zoster and Herpes simplex.
  • CMV cytomegalovirus
  • influenza influenza
  • adenovirus adenovirus
  • Herpes group of viruses such as, but not limited to, Herpes zoster and Herpes simplex.
  • This invention more specifically relates to a method of treating a mammal, afflicted with a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which comprises administering to such mammal an effective TNF inhibiting amount of a compound of Formula (I).
  • HAV human immunodeficiency virus
  • TNF mediated diseases for treatment, therapeutically or prophylactically, in animals include disease states such as those noted above, but in particular viral infections.
  • viruses include, but are not limited to feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) or other retroviral infection such as equine infectious anemia virus, caprine arthritis virus, visna virus, maedi virus and other lentiviruses.
  • FMV feline immunodeficiency virus
  • retroviral infection such as equine infectious anemia virus, caprine arthritis virus, visna virus, maedi virus and other lentiviruses.
  • the compounds of this invention are also useful in treating yeast and fungal infections, where such yeast and fungi are sensitive to upregulation by TNF or will elicit TNF production in vivo.
  • a preferred disease state for treatment is fungal meningitis.
  • the compounds of Formula (1) may be administered in conjunction with other drugs of choice for systemic yeast and fungal infections.
  • Drugs of choice for fungal infections include but are not limited to the class of compounds called the polymixins, such as Polymycin B, the class of compounds called the imidazoles, such as clotrimazole, econazole, miconazole, and ketoconazole; the class of compounds called the triazoles, such as fluconazole, and itranazole, and the class of compound called the Amphotericins, in particular Amphotericin B and liposomal Amphotericin B.
  • polymixins such as Polymycin B
  • imidazoles such as clotrimazole, econazole, miconazole, and ketoconazole
  • triazoles such as fluconazole, and itranazole
  • Amphotericins in particular Amphotericin B and liposomal Amphotericin B.
  • the compounds of Formula (I) may also be used for inhibiting and/or reducing the toxicity of an anti-fungal, anti-bacterial or anti-viral agent by administering an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) to a mammal in need of such treatment
  • a compound of Formula (I) is administered for inhibiting or reducing the toxicity of the Amphotericin class of compounds, in particular Amphotericin B.
  • Preferred compounds are as follows:
  • the halogens are preferably fluorine and chlorine, more preferably a Ci-4 alkyl substituted by 1 or more fluorines.
  • the preferred halo-substituted alkyl chain length is one or two carbons, and most preferred are the moieties -CF3, -CH2F, - CHF2, -CF2CHF2, -CH2CF3, and -CH2CHF2.
  • Preferred Ri substitutents for the compounds of Formula (I) are CH2-cyclopropyl, CH2-C5-6 cycloalkyl, C4-6 cycloalkyl, C7- 11 polycycloalkyl, (3- or 4-cyclopentenyl), phenyl, tetrahydrofuran-3-yl, benzyl or C 1-2 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by 1 or more fluorines, -(CH2)1-3C(O)O(CH2)0-2CH3, -(CH2)l-3 ⁇ (CH2)0-2CH3, and -(CH2)2-4OH.
  • the Ri term is (CR4R5)
  • the R4 and R5 terms are independently hydrogen or alkyl.
  • each repeating methylene unit is independent of the other, e.g., (CR4R5) n wherein n is 2 can be -CH2CH(-CH3)-, for instance.
  • the individual hydrogen atoms of the repeating methylene unit or the branching hydrocarbon can unsubstituted or be substituted by fluorine independent of each other to yield, for instance, the preferred Rl substitutions, as noted above.
  • Ri is a C7-H polycycloalkyl
  • examples are bicyclo[2.2.1]-heptyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, bicyclo[3.2.1]octyl, tricyclo[5.2.1.0 2 * 6 ]decyl, etc. additional examples of which are described in Saccamano et al., WO 87/06576, published 5 November 1987, whose disclosure is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • Preferred Z terms are C(-CN)2, CRi4C(O)OR8, CRi4C(O)NR8Rl4, C(-CN)C(O)OR9, C(-CN)OC(O)R9, C(-CN)OR9, or C(-CN)C(O)NRsRl4;
  • PrefeiTed X groups for Formula (I) are those wherein X is YR2 and Y is oxygen.
  • the preferred X2 group for Formula (I) is that wherein X2 is oxygen.
  • the preferred X3 group for Formula (I) is that wherein X3 is hydrogen.
  • Preferred R2 groups, where applicable, is a Ci-2 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by 1 or more halogens.
  • the halogen atoms are preferably fluorine and chlorine, more preferably fluorine.
  • R2 groups are those wherein R2 is methyl, or the fluoro- substituted alky Is, specifically a Ci-2 alkyl, such as a -CF3, -CHF2, or -CH2CHF2 moiety. Most preferred are the -CHF2 and -CH3 moieties.
  • W is preferably alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl of 3 to 5 carbon atoms, and where it is alkenyl or alkynyl, that one or two double or triple bonds be present It is most preferred that W be 1,3-butadiynyl.
  • Preferred R7 moieties include unsubstituted or substituted -(CH2 -
  • Preferred rings when R8 and R14 in the moiety -NR8R14 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached may form a 5 to 7 membered ring comprised of carbon or carbon and at least one heteroatom selected from O, N, or S include, but are not limited to 1-imidazolyl, 1-pyrazolyl, 1-triazolyl, 2-triazolyl, 1-tetrazolyl, 2-tetrazolyl, moipholinyl, piperazinyl, and pynolyl.
  • the respective rings may be additionally substituted, where applicable, on an available nitrogen or carbon by the moiety R7 as described herein for Formula (I).
  • Illustrations of such carbon substitutions includes, but is not limited to, 2-(R7)- 1-imidazolyl, 4-(R7)- 1-imidazolyl, 5-(R7)- 1-imidazolyl, 3-(R7)- 1-pyrazolyl, 4-(R7)- 1-pyrazolyl, 5-(R7)- 1-pyrazolyl, 4-(R7)-2-triazolyl, 5-(R7)-2-triazolyl, 4-(R7)-l-tr-azolyl, 5-(R-j)- 1-triazolyl, 5-(R7)- 1-tetrazolyl, and 5-(R7)-2-tetrazolyl.
  • R7 includes, but is not limited to, l-(R7)-2-tetrazolyl, 2- Rj)- 1-tetrazolyl, 4-(R7)-l- piperazinyl. Where applicable, the ring may be substituted one or more times by R7.
  • Preferred groups for NR8R14 which contain a heterocyclic ring are 5-(Ri4)-l- tetrazolyl, 2- (R 14)- 1-imidazolyl, 5-(Ri4)-2-tetrazolyl, 4-(R ⁇ 4)- 1 -piperazinyl, or 4- (R 15)- 1 -piperazinyl.
  • Preferred rings for R13 include (2-, 4- or 5-imidazolyl), (3-, 4- or 5-pyrazolyl),
  • the heterocyclic ring itself may be unsubstituted or substituted by R8 either on an available nitrogen or carbon atom, such as l-(R8)-2-imidazolyl, l-(R8)-4-imidazolyl, l-(R8)-5--midazolyl, l-(R8)-3-pyrazolyl, l-(R8)-4-pyrazolyl, l-(R8)-5-pyrazolyl, l-(R8)-4-triazolyl, or l-(R8)-5-triazolyl.
  • the ring may be substituted one or more times by
  • R 1 is -CH2-cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, 3-hydroxycyclopentyl, methyl or CF2H; W is 1,3- butadiynyl; X is YR2; Y is oxygen; X2 is oxygen; X3 is hydrogen; and R2 is CF2H or methyl.
  • R 1 is -CH2-cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, 3-hydroxycyclopentyl, methyl or CF2H
  • W is 1,3- butadiynyl
  • X is YR2
  • Y oxygen
  • X2 oxygen
  • X3 is hydrogen
  • R2 is CF2H or methyl.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the instant compounds, where they can be prepared are also intended to be covered by this invention. These salts will be ones which are acceptable in their application to a pharmaceutical use. By that it is meant that the salt will retain the biological activity of the parent compound and the salt will not have untoward or deleterious
  • compositions are prepared in a standard manner.
  • the parent compound dissolved in a suitable solvent, is treated with an excess of an organic or inorganic acid, in the case of acid addition salts of a base, or an excess of organic or inorganic base where the molecule contains a COOH for example.
  • compositions of the present invention comprise a pharmaceutical carrier or diluent and some amount of a compound of the formula (I).
  • the compound may be present in an amount to effect a physiological response, or it may be present in a lesser amount such that the user will need to take two or more units of the composition to effect the treatment intended.
  • These compositions may be made up as a solid, liquid or in a gaseous form. Or one of these three forms may be transformed to another at the time of being administered such as when a solid is delivered by aerosol means, or when a liquid is delivered as a spray or aerosol.
  • the nature of the composition and the pharmaceutical carrier or diluent will, of course, depend upon the intended route of administration, for example parenterally, topically, orally or by inhalation.
  • the pharmaceutical composition will be in the form of a cream, ointment, liniment, lotion, pastes, aerosols, and drops suitable for administration to the skin, eye, ear, or nose.
  • the pharmaceutical composition will be in the form of a sterile injectable liquid such as an ampule or an aqueous or non-aqueous liquid suspension.
  • the pharmaceutical composition will be in the form of a tablet, capsule, powder, pellet, atroche, lozenge, syrup, liquid, or emulsion.
  • examples of appropriate pharmaceutical carriers or diluents include: for aqueous systems, water, for non-aqueous systems, ethanol, glycerin, propylene glycol, corn oil, cottonseed oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, liquid parafins and mixtures thereof with water; for solid systems, lactose, kaolin and mannitol; and for aerosol systems, dichlorodifluoromethane, chlorotrifluoroethane and compressed carbon dioxide.
  • the instant compositions may include other ingredients such as stabilizers, antioxidants, preservatives, lubricants, suspending agents, viscosity modifiers and the like, provided that the additional ingredients do not have a detrimental effect on the therapeutic action of the instant compositions.
  • the amount of carrier or diluent will vary but preferably will be the major proportion of a suspension or solution of the active ingredient.
  • the diluent is a solid it may be present in lesser, equal or greater amounts than the solid active ingredient
  • a compound of formula I is administered to a subject in a composition comprising a nontoxic amount sufficient to produce an inhibition of the symptoms of a disease in which leukotrienes are a factor.
  • Topical formulations will contain between about 0.01 to 5.0% by weight of the active ingredient and will be applied as required as a preventative or curative agent to the affected area.
  • the dosage of the composition is selected from the range of from 50 mg to 1000 mg of active ingredient for each administration.
  • equal doses will be administered 1 to 5 times daily with the daily dosage regimen being selected from about 50 mg to about 5000 mg. No unacceptable toxicological effects are expected when these compounds are administered in accordance with the present invention.
  • C ⁇ _ 3 alkyl C1.4 alkyl
  • C ⁇ _6 alkyl or “alkyl” groups as used herein is meant to include both straight or branched chain radicals of 1 to 10, unless the chain length is limited thereto, including, but not limited to methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, fert-butyl, and the like.
  • Alkenyl means both straight or branched chain radicals of 1 to 6 carbon lengths, unless the chain length is limited thereto, including but not limited to vinyl, 1 - propenyl, 2-propenyl, 2-propynyl, or 3-methyl-2-propenyl.
  • cycloalkyl or "cycloalkyl alkyl” means groups of 3-7 carbon atoms, such as cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl.
  • Aryl or “aralkyl”, unless specified otherwise, means an aromatic ring or ring system of 6-10 carbon atoms, such as phenyl, benzyl, phenethyl, or naphthyl. Preferably the aryl is monocyclic, i.e, phenyl.
  • the alkyl chain is meant to include both straight or branched chain radicals of 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • Heteroaryl means an aromatic ring system containing one or more heteroatoms, such as imidazolyl, triazolyl, oxazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazolyl, pyrrolyl, furanyl, or thienyl.
  • Halo means all halogens, i.e., chloro, fluoro, bromo, or iodo.
  • “Inhibiting the production of IL-1” or “inhibiting the production of TNF” means: a) a decrease of excessive in vivo IL-1 or TNF levels, respectively, in a human to normal levels or below normal levels by inhibition of the in vivo release of IL-1 by all cells, including but not limited to monocytes or macrophages; b) a down regulation, at the translational or transcriptional level, of excessive in vivo IL-1 or TNF levels, respectively, in a human to normal levels or below normal levels; or c) a down regulation, by inhibition of the direct synthesis of IL-1 or TNF levels as a postranslational event
  • TNF mediated disease or disease states means any and all disease states in which TNF plays a role, either by production of TNF itself, or by TNF causing another cytokine to be released, such as but not limited to IL-1 or IL-6.
  • TNF- ⁇ also known as lymphotoxin
  • TNF- ⁇ also known as cachectin
  • TNF- ⁇ also known as cachectin
  • both TNF- ⁇ and TNF- ⁇ are inhibited by the compounds of the present invention and thus are herein referred to collectively as "TNF” unless specifically delineated otherwise.
  • TNF- ⁇ is inhibited.
  • Cytokine means any secreted polypeptide that affects the functions of cells, and is a molecule which modulates interactions between cells in immune, inflammatory, or hematopoietic responses.
  • a cytokine includes, but is not limited to, monokines and lymphokines regardless of which cells produce them.
  • the cytokine inhibited by the present invention for use in the treatment of a HTV-infected human must be a cytokine which is implicated in (a) the initiation and/or maintenance of T cell activation and/or activated T cell-mediated HIV gene expression and/or replication, and/or (b) any cytokine-mediated disease associated problem such as cachexia or muscle degeneration.
  • his cytokine is TNF- ⁇ .
  • All of the compounds of Formula (I) are useful in the method of inhibiting the production of TNF, preferably by macrophages, monocytes or macrophages and monocytes, in a mammal, including humans, in need thereof. All of the compounds of Formula (I) are useful in the method of inhibiting or mediating the enzymatic or catalytic activity of PDE IV and in treatment of disease states mediated thereby.
  • Compounds of Formula (I), wherein W is a 1,3-butadiyne and wherein A and B represent Z as defined in relation to Formula (I) or a group convertible to Z, may be prepared by the processes disclosed herein which comprise, for example, coupling of a molecule of the Formula 1-Scheme 1 with a molecule of the Formula 2-Scheme 1 using an appropriate metal salt, such as cupric acetate, in a suitable solvent, such as DMF or pyridine, or a combination, such as pyridine/methanol water, as in the method of Eglington and Galbraith (J. Chem. Soc, 1959, 889), to provide a compound of the Formula 3-Scheme 1.
  • an appropriate metal salt such as cupric acetate
  • a suitable solvent such as DMF or pyridine
  • a combination such as pyridine/methanol water
  • Reduction of a compound of the Formula (I), wherein W is a 1,3-butadiyne and wherein Z represents Z as defined in relation to Formula (I) or a group convertible to Z to a compound of the Formula (I) wherein W is a fully saturated hydrocarbon chain (i.e., n-butyl) may be accomplished using, e.g., palladium metal according to the method of Tedeschi (J. Org. Chem., 1962, 27, 2398), or, e.g., platinum oxide according to the method of Jutz (Ber., 1958, 91, 1867) or that of Suzuki and Kurosawa (Chem. Lett., 1980, 1177).
  • Reduction of a compound of the Formula (I), wherein W is a 1,3-butadiyne and wherein Z represents Z as defined in relation to Formula (I) or a group convertible to Z, to provide a compound of the Formula (I) wherein W is a 1,3-butadiene may be accomplished using, e.g., the hydroboration- protonolysis procedure of Zweifel and Polston (J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1970, 92, 4068), or, e.g., the hydroalumination-protonolysis procedure of Zweifel et al. (Synthesis, 1977, 52).
  • the Z groups may require protection during the coupling and/or reductive steps described herein as, e.g., a dimethyl ketal or 2-(l,3-dioxolane), followed by deprotection and then reaction by the synthetic procedures described in co-pending U.S. application 07/862083, and its progeny 07 968753 and PCT application number PCT/US93/01990 (WIPO publication WO 93/19748) , to provide the Formula (I) compound; such protective groups are well known to those skilled in the art. (See: Greene, T. and Wuts, P.G.M., Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis, 2nd Ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1991.)
  • compounds of the Formula (II), wherein W and Z' represent W and Z' as defined in relation to Formula (II) or a group convertible to W or Z' may be prepared from the corresponding ketones as, e.g., compound 1-Scheme 3. by the synthetic procedures described in above referenced PCT application PCT/US93/01990 and filed 05 March 1993 (WIPO publication No. WO 93/19748); syntheses of such ketone starting materials are described in co-pending application filed on even date herwith.
  • Example 2 Preparation of 1. -bis- f (methyl 14-(3-cyclopentyloxy-4-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexan-l- ylidine lacetate)-4-yl 1 buta- 1 ,3-diyne
  • a solution of ethy diethylphosphonoacetate (1.2 mL, 6.68 mmol) in ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (10 mL) is treated with sohd sodium hydride (0.22 g, 7.3 mmol, 80% dispersion in mineral oil) at room temperature under an argon atmosphere.
  • EXAMPLE A Inhibitory effect of compounds of Formula (I) on in vitro TNF production by human monocytes
  • the inhibitory effect of compounds of Formula (I) on in vitro TNF production by human monocytes may be determined by the protocol as described in Badger et al.,
  • EXAMPLE S Two models of endotoxic shock have been utilized to determine in vivo TNF activity for the compounds of Formula (I). The protocol used in these models is described in Badger et al., EPO published Application 0411 754 A2, February 6, 1991, and in Hanna, WO 90/15534, December 27, 1990.
  • Example 1 demonstrated a positive in vivo response in reducing serum levels of TNF induced by the injection of endotoxin.
  • the phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity and selectivity of the compounds of Formula (I) can be determined using a battery of five distinct PDE isozymes.
  • the tissues used as sources of the different isozymes are as follows: 1) PDE lb, porcine aorta; 2) PDE Ic, guinea-pig heart; 3) PDE in, guinea-pig heart; 4) PDE IV, human monocyte; and 5) PDE V (also called "la”), canine trachealis.
  • PDEs la, lb, Ic and III are partially purified using standard chromatographic techniques [Torphy and Cieslinski, Mol. Pharmacol., 37:206-214, 1990].
  • PDE IV is purified to kinetic homogeneity by the sequential use of anion-exchange followed by heparin-Sepharose chromatography [Torphy et al, J. Biol. Chem., 267:1798-1804, 1992].

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne de nouveaux dimères d'acétate 4,4-(disubstitué)cyclohexane-1-ylidine et des composés associés. Elle concerne également des compositions pharmaceutiques contenant ces composés et l'utilisation de ces dernières pour le traitement des affections allergiques et des maladies inflammatoires ainsi que leur utilisation comme agent inhibiteur de la production de facteur de nécrose tumorale (TNF).
PCT/US1995/015898 1994-12-23 1995-12-07 Dimeres d'acetate 4,4-(disubstitue)cyclohexane-1-ylidine et composes associes WO1996019983A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

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EP95943016A EP0799036A4 (fr) 1994-12-23 1995-12-07 Dimeres d'acetate 4,4-(disubstitue)cyclohexane-1-ylidine et composes associes
JP8520462A JPH10511656A (ja) 1994-12-23 1995-12-07 ４，４−（二置換）シクロヘキサン−１−イリジンアセテート二量体および関連化合物

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US36317594A 1994-12-23 1994-12-23
US08/363,175 1994-12-23

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PCT/US1995/015898 WO1996019983A1 (fr) 1994-12-23 1995-12-07 Dimeres d'acetate 4,4-(disubstitue)cyclohexane-1-ylidine et composes associes
PCT/US1995/016690 WO1996019984A1 (fr) 1994-12-23 1995-12-21 Dimeres de 4,4-(disubstitue)cyclohexan-1-ydiline acetate et composes apparentes

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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EP0799176A1 (fr) * 1994-12-23 1997-10-08 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Dimeres de 4,4-(disubstitue)cyclohexan-1-one et composes apparentes

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WO1996019983A1 (fr) * 1994-12-23 1996-07-04 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Dimeres d'acetate 4,4-(disubstitue)cyclohexane-1-ylidine et composes associes

Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5449686A (en) * 1992-04-02 1995-09-12 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Compounds useful for treating allergic or inflammatory diseases

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WO1996019983A1 (fr) * 1994-12-23 1996-07-04 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Dimeres d'acetate 4,4-(disubstitue)cyclohexane-1-ylidine et composes associes
WO1996020153A1 (fr) * 1994-12-23 1996-07-04 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Dimeres de 4,4-(disubstitue)cyclohexan-1-one et composes apparentes

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5449686A (en) * 1992-04-02 1995-09-12 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Compounds useful for treating allergic or inflammatory diseases

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
CAN. J. CHEM., Volume 56, Number 21, issued 1978, MAZALEYRAT, "Synthese de Cetones Emcombrees Via Reduction de Nitriles Tertiaires en Presence de Metaux Alcalins", pages 2731-2736. *
See also references of EP0799036A4 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0799176A1 (fr) * 1994-12-23 1997-10-08 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Dimeres de 4,4-(disubstitue)cyclohexan-1-one et composes apparentes
EP0799176A4 (fr) * 1994-12-23 1998-03-25 Smithkline Beecham Corp Dimeres de 4,4-(disubstitue)cyclohexan-1-one et composes apparentes

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JPH10511656A (ja) 1998-11-10
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EP0799036A4 (fr) 1998-03-25

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