Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/7004—Monosaccharides having only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
  • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
  • A23L33/17—Amino acids, peptides or proteins
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
  • A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
  • A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
  • A61K31/197—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino and the carboxyl groups being attached to the same acyclic carbon chain, e.g. gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], beta-alanine, epsilon-aminocaproic acid or pantothenic acid
  • A61K31/198—Alpha-amino acids, e.g. alanine or edetic acid [EDTA]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
  • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
  • A61K38/22—Hormones
  • A61K38/28—Insulins

Definitions

• the present invention concerns the retention of creatine within the body, and relates in particular but not exclusively to a method and composition for
• the invention also concerns a method and composition for simultaneously increasing glycogen concentration in muscle.
• Creatine methylglycocyamine
• H 2 NC NH.N(CH 3 )CH 2 CO 2 H) is known to be present in the muscles of vertebrates. It is present in a
• Creatine is produced naturally by the body, but is also obtained from animal foods.
• Glycogen (C 6 H 10 O)x
• C 6 H 10 O is a carbohydrate found in animal cells and is convertible from and to glucose. Athletes endeavour to increase muscle glycogen content before competing in order to enhance muscle performance.
• active derivative means anything derived from or a precursor of the relevant substance that acts in the same or similar wav in the body to the substance, or which is processed into the substance when placed into the body.
• serum and plasma can be interchanged.
• a method of increasing creatine retention in the human or animal body by causing an increase in blood plasma creatine concentration and causing a substantially simultaneous increase in blood plasma insulin concentration.
• the plasma creatine concentration may be increased by ingestion and/or infusion of creatine or an active derivative thereof.
• the plasma insulin concentration may be increased by infusion of insulin or an active derivative thereof and/or by the ingestion of an agent operable to cause an increase in the blood plasma insulin concentration.
• the agent may be a carbohydrate or an active derivative thereof, preferably a simple carbohydrate.
• the carbohydrate is glucose.
• the method comprises the simultaneous ingestion of creatine and an agent operable to cause an increase in the blood plasma insulin concentration substantially simultaneously with the arrival in the plasma of the creatine.
• the creatine and/or the agent is preferably orally ingested.
• the invention further provides a method of increasing glycogen storage, and particularly glycogen concentration in muscle of the human or animal body by causing an increase in blood plasma carbohydrate
• the plasma creatine concentration may be increased by ingestion and/or infusion of creatine or an active derivative thereof.
• the plasma carbohydrate which is desirably glucose and insulin concentratiosns may be increased by ingestion of carbohydrate or an active derivative thereof, but desirably glucose and/or any other simple carbohydrate and/or by infusion of a carbohydrate or an active derivative thereof, such as glucose or any other simple carbohydrate.
• creatine or an active derivative thereof and glucose and/or another simple carbohydrate are orally ingested.
• compositions for increasing creatine retention in the human or animal body comprising creatine or an active derivative thereof together with a carbohydrate or an active derivative thereof.
• composition is in the nature of a dietary supplement.
• the carbohydrate is glucose and/or another simple carbohydrate.
• the composition preferably comprises 2 to 8% by weight creatine and 92 to 98 % by weight glucose and/or another simple carbohydrate.
• a method of increasing creatine retention in the human or animal body by ingestion and/or injection of a composition as hereinbefore described is also provided.
• the composition is ingested in an amount of 100 g to 700 g per day. which may be taken in four equal parts throughout the day.
• compositions for increasing creatine retention in the human or animal body comprising creatine or an active derivative thereof together with insulin or an active derivative thereof.
• compositions for increasing glycogen storage in the human or animal body and particularly glycogen concentration in muscle comprising creatine or an active derivative thereof together with insulin or an active derivative thereof.
• the composition may be in a form to be ingested and/or injected into the body.
• a method increasing glycogen storage in the human or animal body and particularly glycogen concentration in muscle by ingestion and/or injection of a composition as described above.
• a carbohydrate, or an active derivative thereof is also ingested and/or injected desirably such that an increase in blood plasma carbohydrate
• composition for increasing glycogen storage in the animal or human body and particularly glycogen for increasing glycogen storage in the animal or human body and particularly glycogen
• composition comprising creatine or an active derivative thereof together with a carbohydrate or an active derivative thereof.
• composition is in the nature of a dietary supplement.
• the carbohydrate is glucose and/or another simple carbohydrate.
• the composition preferably comprises 2 to 8% by weight creatine and 92 to 98 % by weight glucose and/or another simple carbohydrate.
• glycogen storage in the human or animal body and particularly glycogen concentration in muscle by ingestion and/or injection of a composition as hereinbefore described.
• composition is ingested in an amount of 100 g to 700 g per day, which may be taken in four equal parts throughout the day.
• composition comprising creatine or an active derivative thereof and a carbohydrate or an active derivative thereof for use as an active pharmaceutical composition.
• the invention also provides a composition
• composition comprising creatine or an active derivative thereof and insulin or an active derivative thereof for use as an active pharmaceutical preparation.
• the composition may also comprise a carbohydrate or an active derivative thereof.
• the invention further provides creatine or an active derivative thereof and a carbohydrate or an active derivative thereof for use in the manufacture of d substance for increasing creatine retention in the human or animal body.
• the invention also provides a composition
• creatine or an active derivative thereof comprising creatine or an active derivative thereof, and insulin or an active derivative thereof, for use in the manufacture of a substance for increasing creatine retention and/or glycogen storage in the human or animal body, such as muscle.
• the invention further provides a composition comprising creatine or an active derivative thereof and a carbohydrate or an active derivative thereof for use in the manufacture of a substance for increasing
• glycogen concentration in muscle of the human or animal body is a glycogen concentration in muscle of the human or animal body.
• the carbohydrate is glucose and/or another simple carbohydrate.
• the composition preferably comprises 2 to 8% by weight creatine and 92 to 98% by weight glucose and/or another simple carbohydrate.
• the methods and compositions of the invention may be used to increase bodily creatine retention in humans. This is desired, for example, by sportsmen and athletes to avoid or delay the onset of muscular fatigue.
• the ability to increase creatine retention may also be desired in individuals having relatively low general creatine levels, for example vegetarians who do not take animal protein, and sufferers of disease which affects muscle.
• the present invention enables creatine
• the invention also permits the increase of muscle glycogen concentration. This is desired by athletes to enhance performance. Also, increasing the glycogen concentration in muscle is of interest where insulin sensitivity of the body is impaired by, for example, obesitv. diabetes, heart failure or post-surgical trauma.
• Fig. 1 is a graph showing increase in total
• Fig. 2 is a similar graph for subjects of group B of Example 2;
• Fig. 3 is a graph showing serum insulin
• Fig. 4 is a graph showing blood plasma glucose concentration against time, for all groups in Example 4.
• CR creatine. Plasma creatine concentration ( u mol/l) was plotted against time for each group, and the area under each curve was determined. Urinary creatine (g) and peak serum insulin (mIU/l) were also determined.
• Plasma insulin concentration did not change in group 1 or group 3 over the course of the experiment.
• a muscle biopsy sample was taken from the vastus lateralis muscle of each of 21 healthy males and was frozen in liquid nitrogen for subsequent biochemical analysis. Beginning the following day, 12 subjects (group A) each ingested 5 g of creatine dissolved in hot sugar-free orange juice, four times a day for 5 days. The remaining 9 subjects (group B) proceeded as group A, but in addition consumed 500 ml of LUCOZADE, 30 minutes after each creatine preparation had been ingested.
• Table 2 shows the muscle concentration (mmol/ ⁇ g dry mass, mean ⁇ S.E.M.) of phosphorylated creatine (PCr) non-phosphorylated creatine (Cr) and total
• the increase in total creatine concentration after supplementation in group B was approximately 60% greater than that in group A. This increase comprises increases in both phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated creatine. Urinary creatine content was greater in group A than in group B on day 2 but there was no difference between the groups on the control day.
• Example 2 were additionally analysed for muscle glvcogen concentration. Muscle samples from a further group C containing 8 subjects were also analysed. This group has followed a similar regime to groups A and B but ingested a preparation of carbohy ⁇ rate but no creatine, in the form of 500 ml LUCOZADE. at same times as
• Table 3 shows the muscle concentration (mmol/kg) of glycogen before and after supplementation, and also the difference in the concentration.
• Table 3 shows that the mean glycogen difference after supplementation in Group A, who took creatine only, was very small.
• group A Twenty nine fasted subjects were divided randomly into three groups, group A (12 subjects), group B (9 subjects; and group C (8 subjects). Each member of group A ingested 5g of creatine dissolved in hot
• carbohydrate (group B) the serum insulin concentration is considerably greater than that found when creatine (group A) and carbohydrate (group C) are ingested alone.
• concentration is indicative of an increased uptake of glucose into muscle for glycogen synthesis (as seen in Example 3).
• the ingestion, or infusion, of creatine in conjunction with carbohydrate increases muscle glycogen storage.
• carbohydrate may be any carbohydrate.
• glucose is preferred because of the rapidity with which it enters the bloodstream after ingestion. causing substantially simultaneous peaks in blood insulin and creatine concentrations, and to maximise plasma insulin increase.
• the creatine, glucose and/or insulin or active derivatives of any of these may be infused into the blood in any suitable manner, for example by injection.
• carbohydrate may be substituted or accompanied by insulin or an active derivative thereof.
• Ingestion or injection of compositions comprising creatine (or an active derivative thereof) and insulin (or an active derivative thereof) may be complimented by ingestion of carbohydrate, such as glucose, for example in the form of a drink.
• carbohydrate such as glucose
• the timing of ingestion or injection (infusion) of the composition and carbohydrate is such that the increase in blood plasma carbohydrate concentration and insulin concentration and plasma creatine concentration peak substantially

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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• Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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• Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
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• Mycology (AREA)
• Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
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• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
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• Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)

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Citations (2)

• 1995
  • 1995-08-25 GB GBGB9517443.9A patent/GB9517443D0/en active Pending
  • 1995-12-15 AU AU41856/96A patent/AU4185696A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1995-12-15 ES ES95940388T patent/ES2150020T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1995-12-15 WO PCT/GB1995/002933 patent/WO1996018313A1/en active IP Right Grant
  • 1995-12-15 DE DE69518008T patent/DE69518008T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1995-12-15 AT AT95940388T patent/ATE194462T1/de active
  • 1995-12-15 DK DK95940388T patent/DK0798971T3/da active
  • 1995-12-15 CA CA002208047A patent/CA2208047C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1995-12-15 US US08/875,326 patent/US5968900A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1995-12-15 EP EP95940388A patent/EP0798971B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1995-12-15 PT PT95940388T patent/PT798971E/pt unknown

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