WO1996016744A1 - Centrifugeuse - Google Patents

Centrifugeuse Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996016744A1
WO1996016744A1 PCT/AU1995/000791 AU9500791W WO9616744A1 WO 1996016744 A1 WO1996016744 A1 WO 1996016744A1 AU 9500791 W AU9500791 W AU 9500791W WO 9616744 A1 WO9616744 A1 WO 9616744A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
compartment
centrifuge
centrifuge according
compartments
rotor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU1995/000791
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Christopher George Kelsey
Christopher Simon Kelsey
Original Assignee
Pulp Tech Pty. Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pulp Tech Pty. Limited filed Critical Pulp Tech Pty. Limited
Priority to AU38994/95A priority Critical patent/AU704716B2/en
Publication of WO1996016744A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996016744A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B11/00—Feeding, charging, or discharging bowls
    • B04B11/06—Arrangement of distributors or collectors in centrifuges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D33/00—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation
    • B01D33/06—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation with rotary cylindrical filtering surfaces, e.g. hollow drums
    • B01D33/067—Construction of the filtering drums, e.g. mounting or sealing arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D33/00—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation
    • B01D33/06—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation with rotary cylindrical filtering surfaces, e.g. hollow drums
    • B01D33/073—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation with rotary cylindrical filtering surfaces, e.g. hollow drums arranged for inward flow filtration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D33/00—Filters with filtering elements which move during the filtering operation
    • B01D33/44—Regenerating the filter material in the filter
    • B01D33/52—Regenerating the filter material in the filter by forces created by movement of the filter element
    • B01D33/56—Regenerating the filter material in the filter by forces created by movement of the filter element involving centrifugal force
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B1/00—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B3/00—Centrifuges with rotary bowls in which solid particles or bodies become separated by centrifugal force and simultaneous sifting or filtering

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a centrifuge for continuously separating the components of a mixture according to particle mass and/or specific gravity.
  • centrifuge In some types of centrifuge, a series of coaxial, frustoconical discs are positioned inside the centrifuge bowl. These discs provide a large surface over which the feed material is spread thinly, so that the separation can be achieved in a relatively compact centrifuge.
  • U.S. Patent No. 5 188 583 discloses a centrifuge for batch operation for separating whole blood into plasma and red corpuscles, in which the corpuscles are collected in a series of peripheral compartments
  • the present invention seeks to provide a different form of centrifuge, and is characterised in a first form by passing the feed material through a plurality of separating compartments disposed about the circumference of the rotor of the centrifuge, the centrifugal separation taking place in these compartments.
  • This first form of the invention provides a centrifuge for separating a continuous input mixed feed material into a plurality of fractions, including a rotor mounted for rotation about its longitudinal axis, the rotor including a plurality of compartments spaced about the axis, each compartment having a feed inlet and being formed to conduct a flow of the material through the compartment so as to allow centrifugal settling of the material to occur as the material flows through the compartment, means for rotating said rotor, feed means for the continuous distribution of the mixed feed material to said compartment feed inlets, and discharge means for discharge of the respective separated fractions from the compartments.
  • each compartment changes in shape or orientation in transverse cross-section - i.e. the cross-section taken in a plane normal to the rotor axis - between the inlet and a discharge portion, having a first portion adjacent the inlet and a second portion adjacent the discharge portion, the second portion being greater in radial extent and less in circumferential extent than said first portion.
  • the transverse cross-sectional area of the compartment is substantially constant throughout its length.
  • the compartments may be defined by radially inner, radially outer and a pair of opposite side walls, the inner and outer walls diverging and the side walls converging in the direction of the material flow through the compartment, so that the transverse cross-section of the compartment becomes more radially elongate towards the discharge end.
  • the compartments may be formed as a passage of elongate transverse cross-section, the passage being twisted so that its orientation changes from being circumferentially elongate near the entry to being radially elongate near the discharge.
  • the invention also provides a method of separating a mixed feed material into fractions, comprising continuously distributing the feed material into a plurality of separating compartments spaced about a rotational axis of a rotating centrifuge rotor, centrifugally settling the material while the material flows through the compartments and discharging the material as a plurality of fractions.
  • the feed material is distributed initially into a circumferentially elongate form and is changed into a more radially elongate form while the centrifugal settling is taking place.
  • a second form of the invention is characterised by the provision of filter means in a centrifuge, provides a centrifuge for separating a mixed feed material into light fluid fraction and a heavy fraction, including a rotor mounted for rotation about its longitudinal axis, the rotor being divided by filter means into an axial region and a peripheral region, means for rotating the rotor, feed means for supplying the mixed feed material to the peripheral region, light fluid discharge means for removing from the axial region the light fluid fraction which has passed through the filter, and heavy fraction discharge means for removing from the peripheral region the heavy fraction.
  • Fig. 1 is an elevational cross-section of a first preferred embodiment
  • Fig. 2 is a plan view of the Fig. 1 centrifuge with one splitter assembly removed;
  • Fig. 3 is an elevation of the compartment from radially outside
  • Fig. 4 is an elevation of the compartment from radially inside
  • Figs. 5 and 6 are schematic plan and elevation views showing an alternative compartment construction
  • Fig. 7 is an elevational cross-section of a centrifuge embodying the compartment shape of Figs. 5 and 6;
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic plan view showing a variation on the compartment shape of Fig. 5;
  • Figs. 9 and 10 illustrate an arrangement for forming the compartments in a moulded rotor block
  • Fig. 11 is an elevational cross-section of a further embodiment in which the compartments include a filter.
  • the centrifuge illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 comprises a rotor 10 having its main shaft 12 supported on a stationary structure 14 via bearings 16 to allow rotation of the rotor about its axis 18.
  • the main shaft will be connected to drive means (not shown) for driving the rotation.
  • the rotor 10 has a central feed tube 20, a feed impellor 22 with radial feed distribution passages 24 leading to respective of a plurality of separating compartments 26. Four compartments are shown, although any suitable number may be provided.
  • a splitter blade assembly 28 is mounted on top of each compartment to split the material discharged from the compartment into fractions.
  • each compartment varies as the material flows up through the compartment, from being circumferentially broad but radially shallow at the inlet end 30 to circumferentially narrow but radially elongate at the discharge end 32. Further details of the shape of the compartments will be discussed below with reference to Figs. 3 and 4.
  • the structure 14 supports a stationary launder assembly 34 which surrounds the rotor 10.
  • the top of each annular launder 34a,b,c communicates with a respective passage 36a,b,c of the splitter blade assembly 28 so that the fractions split off by the blades 29a,b are deposited into respective launders.
  • the number of fractions, and therefore the number of launders, will vary according to the application for which the centrifuge is to be used.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 show two splitter blades to split the compartment discharge into three fractions - a heavy fraction furthest from the rotor axis to be collected in launder 34a, a light fraction closest to the rotor axis for launder 34c, and a medium fraction for launder 34b.
  • the launder arrangement supports a stationary feed pipe 38, which communicates with the rotating feed tube 20 for supplying the feed material to the rotor.
  • the feed material contains a mixture of materials of different specific gravities. Typically, the feed material will be a slurry. This is sucked into the rotor through the feed pipe 38 and feed tube 20 by the negative head generated by the feed impellor 22 as it rotates as part of the rotor. The feed material then flows outwardly through the radial feed passages 24 to respective separation compartments 26.
  • the material may stratify as it passes through the compartment.
  • the strata can be divided by the appropriate positioning and number of splitter blades 29a, 29b positioned at the compartment exit so that, for example, the stratified discharge can be split into streams comprising (in order, from the radially outermost) coarse and heavy particles, medium size and small heavy particles, fine slime particles suspended in fluid, and clear fluid. These streams then pass to separate launders or are diverted for recycling or further processing.
  • the compartment is defined by radially outer wall 40 and radially inner wall 42 joined by side walls 44, 46 so as to form a duct extending from the compartment inlet 30 to the compartment outlet end 32.
  • the outer wall is angled outwardly and upwardly so that it diverges from both the inner wall and the rotor axis 18.
  • the bottom of the compartment is circumferentially wide, with the side walls 44 and 46 being convergent so that the width of the compartment decreases as its depth increases.
  • the inlet 30 to the compartment is a slot extending across substantially the whole width of the bottom of the compartment.
  • the transverse cross-section of the compartment is circumferentially elongated.
  • the circumferential width of the compartment decreases as the material travels up the compartment, balancing the increasing radial depth so that the cross-sectional area of the compartment at any height is substantially equal. Therefore, constant flow through the compartment is encouraged, over substantially the whole cross-section of the compartment, rather than retaining a thin radial film along the entire length of a centrifuge bowl as in prior art centrifuges.
  • the compartment profile results in efficient separation and splitting of the components of the feed slurry.
  • the material is spread out to form a thin layer, so that the heavy particles have only a short distance to traverse to the outer wall.
  • the compartment gradually narrows in the circumferential direction but becomes more radially elongate.
  • the radially outward settling of the heavy particles is exaggerated by this transition in profile, the heavy particles accumulating along the outer wall and squeezing the lighter components towards the inner wall.
  • the discharge is presented to the splitter blades along an elongate radial slot, thus providing improved accuracy and efficiency in splitting the discharge into fractions and allowing a larger number of fractions to be selected if desired.
  • the discharge slot need not be regular in shape, but can be narrower in the regions of the boundaries between the strata so that even more accurate splitting of the fractions can be achieved.
  • Figs. 5 and 6 are schematic views of an alternative, preferred compartment configuration.
  • each compartment is formed as a tube supported between the rotor top plate 50 and bottom plate 52, with an additional support plate 54.
  • the direction of rotation of the rotor is shown by the large arrow in Fig. 5.
  • the compartments are disposed generally parallel to the rotor axis.
  • the compartments are tubes of elongate, preferably rectangular, cross-section, which have a 90° twist between the inlet end 56 at the top and the discharge end 58 at the bottom.
  • the inlets are circumferentially elongated, with the twist resulting in a gradual increase in overall radial length and decrease in circumferential width as the material flows through the tube.
  • the discharge end is radially elongated.
  • the direction of the twist is such that the trailing end 60 (relative to the direction of rotation) of the inlet 56 becomes the radially outer end 62 of the discharge.
  • the direction of this twist assists the settling of the heavy particles, as the inertia of the particles will cause a time lag in the particles reaching the rotational velocity of the centrifuge.
  • the heavy particles in the feed mixture will thus be travelling more slowly than the compartment and will tend to accumulate at the trailing end of the compartment.
  • this trailing end at the inlet becomes the radially outer end of the discharge, and hence the end at which it is desired to concentrate the heavy particles, this circumferential hysteresis effect is used to assist the settling of the particles.
  • the tube wall which forms the radially inner wall 64 of the passage at the inlet becomes a trailing wall 66 of the passage. Part way through the compartment, where the total twist from the inlet is not yet 90°, this trailing wall is angled radially outwardly and rearwards relative to the direction of rotation. Due to the hysteresis effect described above, the particles come into contact with this trailing wall.
  • the angle of the trailing wall has a vector component which is radially outwards, and thus the particles coming into contact with the trailing wall are urged radially outwards by the trailing wall, in addition to the centrifugal settling of the particles which also acts radially outwards.
  • the broad side walls of the twisted tubes can be formed from strips of metal plate, clamped at each end while one end is twisted through 90°. Two such twisted strips can then be welded together with a small gap between to form the twisted rectangular tube.
  • the tube cross-section has an aspect ratio of at least 5:1, preferably greater than 10:1, so that there is a corresponding increase in radial length between the inlet and outlet of the compartment.
  • Fig. 7 shows a centrifuge which embodies the compartment configuration of Figs. 5 and 6, but in which the compartment passages 26 are formed between a rotor central portion 68 and a rotor shell 70 formed from cast metal.
  • the top of the rotor has an annular top plate 50 surrounding an opening 72 in the top of the shell, for introduction of the feed material and overflow of excess feed material from the feed distribution chamber 74, as described in more detail below.
  • the rotor bottom plate 76 closes off the bottom of the compartments and carries outlet spigots 78a,b,c,d for the compartments.
  • the rotor central portion 68 is mounted on an axial shaft 80 by bearings 82, and the outside of the shell 70 carries a drive pulley 84 for rotation of the rotor by motor 86 via drive belt 88.
  • a stationary top launder arrangement 90 surrounds the top of the rotor, supporting feed tube 38. Feed material is supplied to the feed distribution chamber 74 in excess of the amount of material which can flow through the compartments 26. This ensures that the compartments are at all times full of material, ensuring effective operation of the centrifuge. The excess feed material escapes through the opening 72 to an annular overflow launder 92 and is discharged through outlet 94 to be recycled.
  • a stationary fraction discharge launder Surrounding the bottom of the rotor is a stationary fraction discharge launder, comprising a number of annular discharge launders 34a,b,c,d aligned with respective discharge spigots 78a,b,c,d of the compartments.
  • Each discharge launder has an outlet
  • compartments are formed as twisted rectangular passages similar to those described with reference to Figs. 5 and 6.
  • Feed material entering the compartment inlets 30 undergoes settling due to a combination of centrifugal settling and the hysteresis effect described above, resulting in the heavies being concentrated towards the outer part of the compartments and being discharged via spigot 78a and launder 34a.
  • Fig. 8 shows a variation of Fig. 5, in which the twist of the passages is assymetric so that the radially elongate discharge 58' is located rearwards, compared to the direction of rotation as shown by the large arrow, of the compartment inlet 56' .
  • Figs. 9 and 10 show an arrangement by which the rotor can be formed as a moulded block with the compartments formed as passages in the block.
  • the mould is formed by a mould top plate 98, mould bottom plate 100 and a frustoconical outer member 102.
  • the top and bottom plates have apertures for closely receiving rectangular strips 104 of rubber or the like.
  • the top plate additionally has filling holes 106 for introducing a settable material such as liquid monomer or molten polymer.
  • Each rubber strip 104 is held in a twisted form by clamps 108a, 108b which abut against the top and bottom plates.
  • the polymer or monomer is poured into the filling holes 106 and allowed to solidify. After solidification, the strips are removed by releasing the clamps and pulling the strips out. The strips will reduce in cross-section as they stretch axially when being pulled out, facilitating their removal.
  • centrifuges according to the invention will find application for dewatering slurry and for separating particles in a slurry according to specific gravity, and may also be useful for separating immiscible liquids such as oil and water.
  • the shape of the compartments may be modified from that shown to take into account the properties of the feed material, including the difficulty in separating the components. For example, it will generally be more difficult to separate fine slime particles from a suspension than to separate coarse particles. Therefore, a centrifuge for a feed with coarse particles can have a less vertical compartment outer wall, allowing a higher throughput. In contrast, for slimes the compartment outside wall will be more vertical and/or the compartment can have a greater length, thus increasing the residence time in the separating compartment and holding the feed in a thin film for longer to achieve better separation.
  • each compartment is divided into a peripheral region 110 and axial region 112 by a filter 114.
  • the feed enters the peripheral region of the compartment, near the outer wall, where the centrifugal force is highest. This assists in rapid settling of the heavy components towards the outer wall, and helps to prevent entrainment of fine particles in the fluid which flows radially inwardly as the radial depth of the compartment expands.
  • the particulates are retained along the outside wall where they separated into two fractions and are discharged from the top of the peripheral region.
  • the clear fluid is forced radially inwardly through the filter under the influence of the head H of feed material in the feed passages 24 radially outside the zero pressure line.
  • Fig. 11 has advantages over conventional filtering arrangements as the particulate matter is being forced away from the filter by centrifugal settling, counteracting the tendency for particles entrained in the fluid flow to clog the filter.
  • one or both of the side walls of each compartment may be perforated, either to allow the centrifuge to act as a centrifugal filter in which the fluid is forced through the accumulated particulate matter and is expelled through the centrifuge walls or to allow fluid to be injected through the side walls to elutriate the particulate material and thus achieve improved separation of components.
  • the injected fluid may be pulsed into the compartment.
  • the force compacting the particles against the perforated wall is not as high as in conventional centrifugal filters. Also, the rotation will cause the particles to accumulate more on the trailing side wall than on the leading side wall. Where the unit is to be used as a centrifugal filter, these factors allow the fluid readily to escape the compartments.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)

Abstract

Centrifugeuse dont le rotor (10) comporte plusieurs compartiments (26) disposés autour de l'axe du rotor (18) ainsi que des moyens d'alimentation (20, 74) assurant l'apport continu du mélange de base aux entrées (30) des compartiments. Le mélange de base subit une décantation par effet centrifuge lors de son passage à travers les compartiments avant d'être déversé en fractions distinctes. Il est préférable que la section transversale des compartiments ne soit pas la même entre les entrées (30) et les sorties (32), les entrées ayant une circonférence allongée et les sorties étant plus allongées radialement. Cette modification de la section a pour but d'amplifier l'effet radial de décantation obtenu. Les compartiments peuvent être divisés en une zone périphérique (110) et une zone axiale (112) par un filtre (114). Le mélange de base est amené jusqu'à la zone périphérique et une fraction de fluide léger passe vers l'intérieur au travers du filtre avant d'être déversée hors de la zone axiale.
PCT/AU1995/000791 1994-11-28 1995-11-28 Centrifugeuse WO1996016744A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU38994/95A AU704716B2 (en) 1994-11-28 1995-11-28 Centrifuge

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPM9698A AUPM969894A0 (en) 1994-11-28 1994-11-28 Centrifuge
AUPM9698 1994-11-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996016744A1 true WO1996016744A1 (fr) 1996-06-06

Family

ID=3784208

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU1995/000791 WO1996016744A1 (fr) 1994-11-28 1995-11-28 Centrifugeuse

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AUPM969894A0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996016744A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA9510090B (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL1007063C2 (nl) * 1997-09-17 1999-03-24 Christianus Johannes Bogers Vloeistofreinigingsinrichting.
WO2000027537A1 (fr) * 1998-11-10 2000-05-18 University College Cardiff Consultants Limited Appareil separateur centrifuge
DE102008017368A1 (de) * 2008-04-04 2009-10-15 Pieralisi Deutschland Gmbh Klassierer
CN112934485A (zh) * 2021-01-25 2021-06-11 安徽理工大学 基于超重力场细颗粒离心沉降脱水装置及其智能控制方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2753688A (en) * 1987-12-23 1989-06-29 Brown, Wayne John Separation apparatus
US4976678A (en) * 1988-06-07 1990-12-11 Meiji Milk Products Co., Ltd. Centrifugal separator
US5188583A (en) * 1990-08-03 1993-02-23 Jean Guigan Apparatus for separating two phases of a sample of heterogeneous liquid by centrifuging, the apparatus being particularly suitable for separating plasma from whole blood
US5354256A (en) * 1993-04-28 1994-10-11 Knelson Benjamin V Apparatus for separating intermixed materials of different specific gravity

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2753688A (en) * 1987-12-23 1989-06-29 Brown, Wayne John Separation apparatus
US4976678A (en) * 1988-06-07 1990-12-11 Meiji Milk Products Co., Ltd. Centrifugal separator
US5188583A (en) * 1990-08-03 1993-02-23 Jean Guigan Apparatus for separating two phases of a sample of heterogeneous liquid by centrifuging, the apparatus being particularly suitable for separating plasma from whole blood
US5354256A (en) * 1993-04-28 1994-10-11 Knelson Benjamin V Apparatus for separating intermixed materials of different specific gravity

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL1007063C2 (nl) * 1997-09-17 1999-03-24 Christianus Johannes Bogers Vloeistofreinigingsinrichting.
WO1999013960A1 (fr) * 1997-09-17 1999-03-25 Christianus Johannes Bogers Appareil d'epuration de liquides
US6511596B1 (en) 1997-09-17 2003-01-28 Christianus J. Bogers Apparatus for cleaning liquids
WO2000027537A1 (fr) * 1998-11-10 2000-05-18 University College Cardiff Consultants Limited Appareil separateur centrifuge
DE102008017368A1 (de) * 2008-04-04 2009-10-15 Pieralisi Deutschland Gmbh Klassierer
CN112934485A (zh) * 2021-01-25 2021-06-11 安徽理工大学 基于超重力场细颗粒离心沉降脱水装置及其智能控制方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AUPM969894A0 (en) 1994-12-22
ZA9510090B (en) 1996-06-19

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