Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
  • C11D17/0008—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties aqueous liquid non soap compositions
  • C11D17/0017—Multi-phase liquid compositions
  • C11D17/0021—Aqueous microemulsions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/88—Ampholytes; Electroneutral compounds
  • C11D1/94—Mixtures with anionic, cationic or non-ionic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/43—Solvents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/04—Carboxylic acids or salts thereof
  • C11D1/06—Ether- or thioether carboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
  • C11D1/143—Sulfonic acid esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/29—Sulfates of polyoxyalkylene ethers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/88—Ampholytes; Electroneutral compounds
  • C11D1/90—Betaines

Definitions

• This invention relates to an improved light duty liquid cleaner in the form of a microemulsion designed in particular for cleaning hard surfaces and which is effective in removing grease soil and/or kitchen soil and in leaving unrinsed surfaces with a shiny appearance.
• liquid detergents have become widely accepted for cleaning hard surfaces, e.g., painted woodwork and panels, tiled walls, wash bowls, bathtubs, linoleum or tile floors, washable wall paper, etc..
• Such liquids comprise clear and opaque aqueous mixtures of water-soluble synthetic organic detergents and water- soluble detergent builder salts.
• use of water-soluble inorganic phosphate builder salts was favored in the prior art all-purpose liquids.
• such early phosphate-containing compositions are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 2,560,839; 3,234,138; 3,350,319; and British Patent No. 1 ,223,739.
• U.S. Patent No. 4,017,409 teaches that a mixture of paraffin sulfonate and a reduced concentration of inorganic phosphate builder salt should be employed.
• such compositions are not completely acceptable from an environmental point of view based upon the phosphate content.
• another alternative to achieving phosphate-free all-purpose liquids has been to use a major proportion of a mixture of anionic and nonionic detergents with minor amounts of glycol ether solvent and organic amine as shown in U.S. Patent No. 3,935,130. Again, this approach has not been completely satisfactory and the high levels of organic detergents necessary to achieve cleaning cause foaming which, in turn, leads to the need for thorough rinsing which has been found to be undesirable to today's consumers.
• an o/w microemulsion is a spontaneously forming colloidal dispersion of "oil” phase particles having a particle size in the range of 25 to 800 A in a continuous aqueous phase.
• microemulsions are transparent to light and are clear and usually highly stable against phase separation.
• Patent disclosures relating to use of grease-removal solvents in o/w microemulsions include, for example, European Patent Applications EP 0137615 and EP 0137616 - Herbots et al; European Patent Application EP 0160762 - Johnston et al; and U.S. Patent No. 4,561,991 - Herbots et al. Each of these patent disclosures also teaches using at least 5% by weight of grease-removal solvent.
• compositions of this invention described by Herbots et al. require at least 5% of the mixture of grease-removal solvent and magnesium salt and preferably at least 5% of solvent (which may be a mixture of water-immiscible non-polar solvent with a sparingly soluble slightly polar solvent) and at least 0.1% magnesium salt.
• Liquid detergent compositions which include terpenes, such as d-limonene, or other grease-removal solvent, although not disclosed to be in the form of o/w microemulsions, are the subject matter of the following representative patent documents: European Patent Application 0080749; British Patent Specification
• U.S. Patent No. 4,414,128 broadly discloses an aqueous liquid detergent composition characterized by, by weight:
• Other ingredients present in the formulations disclosed in this patent include from 0.05% to 2% by weight of an alkali metal, ammonium or alkanolammonium soap of a C * ⁇ 3-C24 fatty acid; a calcium sequestrant from .5% to 13% by weight; non-aqueous solvent, e.g., alcohols and glycol ethers, up to 10% by weight; and hydrotropes, e.g., urea, ethanolamines, salts of lower alkylaryl sulfonates, up to 10% by weight. All of the formulations shown in the Examples of this patent include relatively large amounts of detergent builder salts which are detrimental to surface shine.
• the present invention provides an improved, clear light duty liquid cleaning composition having improved interfacial tension which improves cleaning in the form of a microemulsion which is suitable for cleaning hard surfaces such as dishes, plastic, vitreous and metal surfaces having a shiny finish.
• the light duty liquid microemulsion compositions of the instant invention can be generally described as comprising approximately by weight: (a) 10 % to 34% of a mixture of a alkali metal salt of a C-
• composition has a Brookfield viscosity at 25°C at 30 rpms using a #2 spindle of 20 to 500 cps, more preferably 200 to 450 cps, a pH of 5 to 7, and a light transmission of at least 95%, more preferably at 98%.
• the present invention relates to a stable microemulsion composition approximately by weight: 1% to 25 % of a modified polyglucoside surfactant or an alkyl ethoxy citrate, 10 % to 34% of a mixture of secondary alkane sulfonate anionic surfactant and an alkyl ether polyethenoxysulfate surfactant. 0% to 25% of a cosurfactant, 0 to 25 % of a zwitterionic surfactant such as betaine , 0.4% to 10% of a water insoluble hydrocarbon essential oil or a perfume and the balance being water, said composition having a light transmission of at least 95%, more preferably at least 98%.
• the role of the hydrocarbon is provided by a non-water-soluble perfume.
• a solubilizers such as alkali metal lower alkyl aryl sulfonate hydrotrope, triethanolamine, urea, etc.
• perfume dissolution especially at perfume levels of 1 % and higher, since perfumes are generally a mixture of fragrant essential oils and aromatic compounds which are generally not water-soluble. Therefore, by incorporating the perfume into the aqueous cleaning composition as the oil (hydrocarbon) phase of the ultimate o/w microemulsion composition, several different important advantages are achieved.
• the cosmetic properties of the ultimate cleaning composition are improved: the compositions are both clear (as a consequence of the formation of a microemulsion) and highly fragranced (as a consequence of the perfume level).
• perfume is used in its ordinary sense to refer to and include any non-water soluble fragrant substance or mixture of substances including natural (i.e., obtained by extraction of flower, herb, blossom or plant), artificial (i.e., mixture of natural oils or oil constituents) and synthetically produced substance) odoriferous substances.
• perfumes are complex mixtures of blends of various organic compounds such as alcohols, aldehydes, ethers, aromatic compounds and varying amounts of essential oils (e.g., terpenes) such as from 0% to 80%, usually from 10% to 70% by weight, the essential oils themselves being volatile odoriferous compounds and also serving to dissolve the other components of the perfume.
• the precise composition of the perfume is of no particular consequence to cleaning performance so long as it meets the criteria of water immiscibility and having a pleasing odor.
• the perfume, as well as all other ingredients should be cosmetically acceptable, i.e., non-toxic, hypoallergenic, etc.
• the hydrocarbon such as a perfume is present in the dilute o/w microemulsion in an amount of from 0.4% to 10% by weight, preferably from 1.0% to 8% by weight, especially preferably from 2% to 7% by weight. If the amount of hydrocarbon (perfume) is less than 0.4% by weight it becomes difficult to form the o/w microemulsion.
• hydrocarbon perfume
• the cost is increased without any additional cleaning benefit and, in fact, with some diminishing of cleaning performance insofar as the total amount of greasy or oily soil which can be taken up in the oil phase of the microemulsion will decrease proportionately.
• the dilute o/w microemulsion detergent cleaning compositions of the present invention may often include as much as 0.2% to 7% by weight, based on the total composition, of terpene solvents introduced thereunto via the perfume component.
• the amount of terpene solvent in the cleaning formulation is less than 1.5% by weight, such as up to 0.6% by weight or 0.4% by weight or less, satisfactory grease removal and oil removal capacity is provided by the inventive diluted o/w microemulsions.
• an essential oil such as D-limonene or alpha-terpineol, a water insoluble paraffin or isoparaffin having 6 to 18 carbon at a concentration of 0.4 to 10 wt. percent, more preferably 0.4 to 8.0 wt. %.
• Suitable essential oils are selected from the group consisting of: Anethole 20/21 natural, Aniseed oil china star, Aniseed oil globe brand, Balsam (Peru), Basil oil (India), Black pepper oil, Black pepper oleoresin 40/20, Bois de Rose (Brazil) FOB, Borneol Flakes (China), Camphor oil, White, Camphor powder synthetic technical, Cananga oil (Java), Cardamom oil, Cassia oil (China), Cedarwood oil (China) BP, Cinnamon bark oil, Cinnamon leaf oil, Citronella oil, Clove bud oil, Clove leaf, Coriander (Russia), Coumarin 69°C (China), Cyclamen Aldehyde, Diphenyl oxide, Ethyl vanilin, Eucalyptol, Eucalyptus oil, Eucalyptus citriodora, Fennel oil, Geranium oil, Ginger oil, Ginger oleoresin (India), White grapefruit oil, Guaiacwood oil, Gurjun bals
• Suitable water-soluble non-soap, anionic detergents include those surface-active or detergent compounds which contain an organic hydrophobic group containing generally 8 to 26 carbon atoms and preferably 10 to 18 carbon atoms in their molecular structure and at least one water-solubilizing group selected from the group of sulfonate, sulfate and carboxylate so as to form a water-soluble detergent.
• the hydrophobic group will include or comprise a C8-C22 alkyl, alkylaryl or acyl group.
• Such detergents are employed in the form of water-soluble salts and the salt-forming cation usually is selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, ammonium, magnesium and mono-, di- or tri-C2-C3 alkanolammonium, with the sodium, magnesium and ammonium cations again being preferred.
• suitable sulfonated anionic detergents are the well known higher alkyl mononuclear aromatic sulfonates such as the higher alkyl benzene sulfonates containing from 10 to 16 carbon atoms in the higher alkyl group in a straight or branched chain, C8-C15 alkyl toluene sulfonates and C8-C15 alkyl phenol sulfonates.
• a preferred sulfonate is linear alkyl benzene sulfonate having a high content of 3-
• Suitable anionic detergents are the olefin sulfonates, including long-chain alkene sulfonates, long-chain hydroxyalkane sulfonates or mixtures of alkene sulfonates and hydroxyalkane sulfonates.
• Preferred olefin sulfonates contain from 14 to 16 carbon atoms in the R alkyl group and are obtained by sulfonating an 2 olefin.
• Suitable anionic sulfonate surfactants are the paraffin sulfonates containing 10 to 20, preferably 13 to 17, carbon atoms.
• Primary paraffin sulfonates are made by reacting long-chain alpha olefins and bisulfites and paraffin sulfonates having the sulfonate group distributed along the paraffin chain are shown in U.S. Patents Nos.. 2,503,280; 2,507,088; 3,260,744; 3,372,188; and German Patent 735,096.
• the preferred anionic sulfonate surfactants used in the instant compositions are the C13-C17 secondary alkane sulfonate surfactants.
• Examples of satisfactory anionic sulfate detergents are the C ⁇ -Ci ⁇ alkyl sulfate salts and the C8-C18 alkyl ether polyethenoxy sulfate salts having the formula R(OC2H4) n OSO3M wherein n is 1 to 12, preferably 1 to 5, and M is a solubilizing cation selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, ammonium, magnesium and mono-, di- and triethanol ammonium ions.
• the alkyl sulfates may be obtained by sulfating the alcohols obtained by reducing glycerides of coconut oil or tallow or mixtures thereof and neutralizing the resultant product.
• the alkyl ether polyethenoxy sulfates are obtained by sulfating the condensation product of ethylene oxide with a C8-C18 alkanol and neutralizing the resultant product.
• the alkyl sulfates may be obtained by sulfating the alcohols obtained by reducing glycerides of coconut oil or tallow or mixtures thereof and neutralizing the resultant product.
• the alkyl ether polyethenoxy sulfates are obtained by sulfating the condensation product of ethylene oxide with a C8-C18 alkanol and neutralizing the resultant product.
• alkyl ether polyethenoxy sulfates differ from one another in the number of moles of ethylene oxide reacted with one mole of alkanol.
• Preferred alkyl sulfates and preferred alkyl ether polyethenoxy sulfates contain 10 to 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl group.
• the C8-C12 alkylphenyl ether polyethenoxy sulfates containing from 2 to 6 moles of ethylene oxide in the molecule also are suitable for use in the inventive compositions.
• These detergents can be prepared by reacting an alkyl phenol with 2 to 6 moles of ethylene oxide and sulfating and neutralizing the resultant ethoxylated alkylphenol.
• the preferred detergents are the C9-C15 linear alkylbenzene sulfonates and the C13-C17 paraffin or secondary alkane sulfonates.
• preferred compounds are sodium C10-C13 alkylbenzene sulfonate and sodium C13-C17 secondary alkane sulfonate.
• the proportion of the nonsoap-anionic sulfonate detergent will be in the range of 1.0% to 25 %, preferably from 1% to 7%, by weight of the dilute o/w microemulsion composition.
• the proportion of the nonsoap-anionic alkyl ether polyethonoxy sulfate detergent will be in the range of 1% to 20 %, preferably from 2% to 10%, by weight of the dilute o/w microemulsion composition, wherein the ratio of anionic sulfonate to the alkyl ether polyethenoxy sulfate is 1.2:1 to 14:1 , more preferably 1.3:1 to 5:1.
• the water-soluble zwitterionic surfactant which is also an essential ingredient of present liquid detergent composition, constitutes 0 to 25 %, preferably 1% to 10%, by weight and provides good foaming properties and mildness to the present nonionic based liquid detergent.
• the zwitterionic surfactant is a water soluble betaine having the general formula:
• R3 wherein X " is selected from the group consisting of CO2 " and SO3 " and R- * is an alkyl group having 10 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 16 carbon atoms, or the amido radical
• R is an alkyl group having 9 to 19 carbon atoms and a is the integer 1 to 4
• R2 and R3 are each alkyl groups having 1 to 3 carbons and preferably 1 carbon
• R4 is an alkylene or hydroxyalkylene group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and, optionally, one hydroxyl group.
• Typical alkyldimethyl betaines include decyl dimethyl betaine or 2-(N- decyl-N, N-dimethyl-ammonia) acetate, coco dimethyl betaine or 2-(N-coco N, N- dimethylammonio) acetate, myristyl dimethyl betaine, palmityl dimethyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl betaine, cetyl dimethyl betaine, stearyl dimethyl betaine, etc.
• the amidobetaines similarly include cocoamidoethylbetaine, cocoamidopropyl betaine and the like.
• a preferred betaine is coco (C ⁇ -C-i ⁇ ) amidopropyl dimethyl betaine.
• biodegradable anionic surfactants useful in the instant invention is a sodium salt of a di-alcohol ethoxy citrate which is depicted by the formula:
• R is an alkyl group of 10 to 16 carbon atoms.
• An especially preferred biodegradable anionic surfactant is a di-laureth citrate, sodium salt manufactured by Auschem wherein X + is selected from the group consisting of sodiu, potassium, ammonium, triethanol amine diethanol amine and monoethanol amine, wherein sodium is preferred and m and n are each a number from 1 to 12, more preferably 5 to 9, most preferably 7.
• Another biodegradable anionic surfactant is a modified alkyl polyglycoside depicted by the formula
• R ACOOL GRAS (radical) wherein R is a C* ⁇ o to C-
• the cosurfactant may play an essential role in the formation of the microemulsion compositions.
• the water, detergent(s) and hydrocarbon e.g., perfume
• the cosurfactant added to this system, the interfacial tension at the interface between the emulsion droplets and aqueous phase is reduced to a very low value (never negative).
• thermodynamic factors come into balance with varying degrees of stability related to the total free energy of the microemulsion.
• Some of the thermodynamic factors involved in determining the total free energy of the system are (1) particle-particle potential; (2) interfacial tension or free energy (stretching and bending); (3) droplet dispersion entropy; and (4) chemical potential changes upon formation.
• thermodynamically stable system is achieved when (2) interfacial tension or free energy is minimized and (3) droplet dispersion entropy is maximized.
• the role of cosurfactant in formation of a stable o/w microemulsion is to (a) decrease interfacial tension (2); and (b) modify the microemulsion structure and increase the number of possible configurations (3). Also, the cosurfactant will (c) decrease the rigidity.
• the major class of compounds found to provide highly suitable cosurfactants for the microemulsion over temperature ranges extending from 5°C to 43°C for instance are glycerol, ethylene giycol, water-soluble polyethylene glycols having a molecular weight of 300 to 1000, polypropylene giycol of the formula HO(CH3CHCH2 ⁇ ) n H wherein n is a number from 2 to 18, mixtures of polyethylene giycol and polypropyl giycol (Synalox) and mono C-
• Representative members of the polypropylene giycol include dipropylene giycol and polypropylene giycol having a molecular weight of 200 to 1000, e.g., polypropylene giycol 400.
• Other satisfactory giycol ethers are ethylene giycol monobutyl ether (butyl cellosolve), diethylene giycol monobutyl ether (butyl carbitol), triethylene giycol monobutyl ether, mono, di, tri propylene giycol monobutyl ether, tetraethylene giycol monobutyl ether, mono, di, tripropylene giycol monomethyl ether, propylene giycol monomethyl ether, ethylene giycol monohexyl ether, diethylene giycol monohexyl ether, propylene giycol tertiary butyl ether, ethylene g
• giycol type cosurfactants When these giycol type cosurfactants are at a concentartion of 1.0 to 14 weight %, more preferably 2.0 weight % to 10 weight % in combination with a water insoluble hydrocarbon at a concentration of at least 0.5 weight %, more preferably 1.5 weight % one can form a microemulsion composition.
• the most preferred cosurfactant compounds of each type are glycerol, dipropylene giycol monomethyl ether and propylene giycol. Less preferred cosurfactants are ethanol, propanol isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol and alkanols having 5 to 7 carbon atoms.
• the amount of cosurfactant required to stabilize the microemulsion compositions will, of course, depend on such factors as the surface tension characteristics of the cosurfactant, the type and amounts of the primary surfactants and perfumes, and the type and amounts of any other additional ingredients which may be present in the composition and which have an influence on the thermodynamic factors enumerated above.
• amounts of cosurfactant in the range of from 0% to 25%, preferably from 0.5% to 15%, especially preferably from 2% to 13%, by weight provide stable dilute o/w microemulsions for the above-described levels of primary surfactants and perfume and any other additional ingredients as described below.
• the final essential ingredient in the inventive light duty liquid microemulsion compositions having improved interfacial tension properties is water.
• the proportion of water in the microemulsion compositions generally is in the range of 20% to 97%, preferably 70% to 97% by weight of the usual diluted o/w microemulsion composition.
• the light duty liquid microemulsion compositions of this invention are especially effective when used as is, that is, without further dilution in water, since the properties of the composition as a microemulsion are best manifested in the neat (undiluted) form.
• the properties of the composition as a microemulsion are best manifested in the neat (undiluted) form.
• some degree of dilution without disrupting the microemulsion, per se is possible.
• active surfactant compounds dilutions up to 50% will generally be well tolerated without causing phase separation, that is, the microemulsion state will be maintained.
• compositions of this invention may possibly contain one or more additional ingredients which serve to improve overall product performance.
• One such ingredient is an inorganic or organic salt of oxide of a multivalent metal cation, particularly Mg ++ .
• the metal salt or oxide provides several benefits including improved cleaning performance in dilute usage, particularly in soft water areas, and minimized amounts of perfume required to obtain the microemulsion state.
• Magnesium sulfate either anhydrous or h yd rated (e.g., heptahydrate), is especially preferred as the magnesium salt. Good results also have been obtained with magnesium oxide, magnesium chloride, magnesium acetate, magnesium propionate and magnesium hydroxide. These magnesium salts can be used with formulations at neutral or acidic pH since magnesium hydroxide will not precipitate at these pH levels.
• magnesium is the preferred multivalent metal from which the salts (inclusive of the oxide and hydroxide) are formed
• other polyvalent metal ions also can be used provided that their salts are nontoxic and are soluble in the aqueous phase of the system at the desired pH level.
• other suitable polyvalent metal ions include aluminum, copper, nickel, iron, calcium, etc. can be employed. It should be noted, for example, that with the preferred paraffin sulfonate anionic detergent calcium salts will precipitate and should not be used.
• the aluminum salts work best at pH below 5 or when a low level, for example 1 weight percent, of citric acid is added to the composition which is designed to have a neutral pH.
• the aluminum salt can be directly added as the citrate in such case.
• the same general classes of anions as mentioned for the magnesium salts can be used, such as halide (e.g., bromide, chloride), sulfate, nitrate, hydroxide, oxide, acetate, propionate, etc.
• the metal compound is added to the composition in an amount sufficient to provide at least a stoichiometric equivalent between the anionic surfactant and the multivalent metal cation.
• the proportion of the multivalent salt generally will be selected so that one equivalent of compound will neutralize from 0.1 to 1.5 equivalents, preferably 0.9 to 1.4 equivalents, of the acid form of the anionic detergent.
• the amount of multivalent salt will be in range of 0.5 to 1 equivalents per equivalent of anionic detergent.
• the concentration of the magnesium sulfate is 0 to 4%, more preferably 0.1 to 2% by weight.
• the light duty liquid microemulsion composition of this invention may, if desired, also contain other components either to provide additional effect or to make the product more attractive to the consumer.
• Colors or dyes in amounts up to 0.5% by weight; bactericides in amounts up to 1% by weight; preservatives or antioxidizing agents, such as formalin, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4- isothaliazolin-3-one, 2,6-di-tert.butyl-p-cresol, etc., in amounts up to 2% by weight; and pH adjusting agents, such as sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide, as needed.
• compositions as prepared are aqueous liquid formulations and since no particular mixing is required to form the o/w microemulsion, the compositions are easily prepared simply by combining all the ingredients in a suitable vessel or container.
• the order of mixing the ingredients is not particularly important and generally the various ingredients can be added sequentially or all at once or in the form of aqueous solutions of each or all of the primary detergents and cosurfactants can be separately prepared and combined with each other and with the perfume.
• the magnesium salt, or other multivalent metal compound when present, can be added as an aqueous solution thereof or can be added directly. It is not necessary to use elevated temperatures in the formation step and room temperature is sufficient.
• Example 1 The following compositions in wt. % were prepared:
• the described invention broadly relates to an improvement in a light duty liquid microemulsion composition containing a mixture of a C13-C 17 secondary alkane sulfonate surfactant and an alkyl polyethenoxy ether sulfate surfactant, a biodegradable anionic surfactant, optionally a betaine surfactant, one of the specified cosurfactants, a hydrocarbon ingredient and water to form a microemulsion light duty liquid composition.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)
• Cosmetics (AREA)

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Cited By (17)

Citations (4)

• 1995
  • 1995-11-13 AT AT95940871T patent/ATE172242T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1995-11-13 AU AU42478/96A patent/AU698964B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1995-11-13 DE DE69505414T patent/DE69505414D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1995-11-13 CA CA002205854A patent/CA2205854A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1995-11-13 PL PL95320415A patent/PL320415A1/xx unknown
  • 1995-11-13 BR BR9509761A patent/BR9509761A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1995-11-13 EP EP95940871A patent/EP0793712B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1995-11-13 MX MX9703824A patent/MX9703824A/es unknown
  • 1995-11-13 WO PCT/US1995/015522 patent/WO1996016160A1/en active IP Right Grant

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