WO1996016002A1 - Conversion of oxygenated organic compounds to fluorocarbons and anhydrous hydrogen fluoride using uranium hexafluoride - Google Patents
Conversion of oxygenated organic compounds to fluorocarbons and anhydrous hydrogen fluoride using uranium hexafluoride Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996016002A1 WO1996016002A1 PCT/US1995/015076 US9515076W WO9616002A1 WO 1996016002 A1 WO1996016002 A1 WO 1996016002A1 US 9515076 W US9515076 W US 9515076W WO 9616002 A1 WO9616002 A1 WO 9616002A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- ufg
- reaction
- alcohol
- group
- propanol
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B39/00—Halogenation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/013—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by addition of halogens
- C07C17/06—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by addition of halogens combined with replacement of hydrogen atoms by halogens
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/093—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/093—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens
- C07C17/16—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of hydroxyl groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/093—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens
- C07C17/18—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of oxygen atoms of carbonyl groups
Definitions
- the invention pertains to the fluorination of oxygenated organic compounds by uranium hexafluoride in the presence of Group I - HI fluorides and transition metal fluorides to produce hydrogen fluoride, fluorocarbons, and uranium oxyfluorides and oxides.
- the fluorocarbons produced are of use as non-ozone depleting refrigerants, foam blowing agents, and solvents.
- Anhydrous hydrogen fluoride finds use as a catalyst and as a chemical intermediate, for example, for production of chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, and fluorocarbons including hydrofluorocarbons.
- Uranium hexafluoride is a selective and mild fluorinating agent that is in abundant supply worldwide, for example from the approximately 1.5 billion pounds of depleted UFg tailings that are remnants of the U.S. isotope enrichment process, and that await utilization or disposal around the world.
- the problem of reducing the hazard of world UFg tails inventories might be solved by the use of more ss wasteful fluorinating agents by capitalizing on the fluorine value of UFg inventories and using the fluorinating abilities inherent in UFg.
- This invention captures the fluorine value in UF by using uranium hexafluoride to fluorinate oxygenated organic compounds in the presence of suitable metal fluoride salts to produce fluorocarbons.
- Oxygenated organic compounds can be deoxygenatively fluorinated using uranium hexafluoride.
- Uranium hexafluoride has been known for use to fluorinate certain organic chemicals, principally halogenated organic chemicals.
- the literature makes note of several disclosures which refer to UFg-mediated fluorination of organohalides to synthesize chlorinated organofluorides.
- the vapor- and liquid-phase reduction of uranium hexafluoride using trichloroethylene to produce uranium tetrafluoride and chlorofluorocarbons is known.
- Chem; 1992, 45(2/3), 59-62 describe the reaction of UFg with methanol, ethanol, trifluoroethanol, 1-propanol, and 2-propanol to produce fluoromethane, dimethyl ether, 1-fluoroethane, tetrafluoroethane, bis(trifluoromethyl)ether, 1-fluoropropane and 2-fluoropropane.
- US 3,235,608 to E.I.du Pont de Nemours & Co (1962) teaches the use of UFg to fluorinate alkanes, benzene and chloroalkanes in the presence of metal fluoride catalysts such as calcium fluoride, sodium fluoride, and potassium fluoride.
- the invention provides a method of fluorination which comprises reacting UFg with a compound selected from the group consisting of C2 to Cg alcohols, acids, esters, aldehydes and epoxides, wherein the reaction is conducted in the presence of a fluorination catalyst in an amount sufficient to catalyze the reaction between the UFg and the alcohol, acid, ester, aldehyde or epoxide.
- the invention particularly provides a method of fluorinating an alcohol which comprises reacting UFg with a C2 to Cg monohydroxyl or polyhydroxyl alcohol, particularly those which do not form a stable chelate when reacted with UF5, wherein the reaction is conducted in the presence of a fluorination catalyst in an amount sufficient to catalyze the reaction between the UF6 and the alcohol.
- the process of the invention fluorinates an alcohol, acid, ester, aldehyde or epoxide with UF in the presence of a fluorination catalyst.
- the reagent is a C2 to Cg alcohol, C2 to Cg acid, C2 to Cg ester, C2 to Cg aldehyde or C2 to Cg epoxide.
- the reagent is a C2 to Cg and most preferably a C2 to C4 alcohol, acid, ester, aldehyde or epoxide.
- the preferred reagent according to this invention include C2 to Cg aliphatic or aromatic alcohols, acids, esters, aldehydes and epoxides. It is within the contemplation of this invention that each of these reagents may be unsubstituted or substituted with functional groups which do not materially interfere with the method which is the subject of the invention. Such substitutents may include, but are not limited to, functionalities derived from nitrogen, sulfur and halogens. Such may include, but are not limited to, cyano, nitro, ether, chlorine and bromine groups Such pendant groups may or may not take part in the inventive reaction.
- Non-exclusive examples of alcohols suitable for use according to this invention include primary alcohols such as ethanol and 1-propanol, secondary alcohols such as 2- propanol, tertiary alcohols such as tert-butyl alcohol, benzylic alcohols such as benzyl alcohol, diols such as ethylene glycol and 1,3-propanediol and polyols such as 1,2,4- butanediol.
- the reagent is a monohydroxyl or polyhydroxyl alcohol, including polyols which do not form a stable chelate when reacted with UF .
- Non-exclusive examples of acids suitable for use according to this invention include alkyl carboxylic acids such as acetic acid and butyric acid, aromatic carboxylic acids such as benzoic acid and alkyl dicarboxylic acids such as malonic acid.
- esters suitable for use according to this invention include saturated alkyl carboxylic acid esters such as methyl acetate and ethyl acetate, and aryl carboxylic acids such as methylbenzoate, ethylbenzoate and phenyl benzoate. Primary, secondary and tertiary esters are useful.
- Non-exclusive examples of aldehydes suitable for use according to this invention include unsaturated alkyl aldehydes such as acetaldehyde and butyraldehyde and aromatic aldehydes such as benzaldehyde.
- Non-exclusive examples of epoxides suitable for use according to this invention include saturated aliphatic epoxides such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and cyclohexene oxide as well as aromatic epoxides such as 1,2-epoxyethylbenzene
- oxygen containing organic compounds have been found not to function according to this invention.
- ethers and ketones such as diethyl ether and acetone cannot be fluorinated satisfactorily by the inventive method.
- the alcohol, acid, ester, aldehyde or epoxide is preferably present in a mole ratio of alcohol, acid, ester, aldehyde or epoxide to UFg which ranges from about 0.5: 1 to about 5: 1 or more preferably from about 2:1 to about 3:1.
- PC ⁇ YUS95/15076 is preferably present in a mole ratio of alcohol, acid, ester, aldehyde or epoxide to UFg which ranges from about 0.5: 1 to about 5: 1 or more preferably from about 2:1 to about 3:1.
- the reaction is conducted in the presence of a fluorination catalyst to catalyze the reaction between the UFg and the alcohol, acid, ester, aldehyde or epoxide.
- the fluorination catalyst is preferably a Group I, Group II, Group III or transition metal fluoride.
- Preferred fluorination catalysts are sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chromium and aluminum fluoride with calcium fluoride being most preferred
- Other fluorination catalysts non-exclusively include Cu(0), BF3, Ag(0)/Cu(O), Au(O)/Cu(O), FeC13/C, HF/Al 2 O 3 , AIF3, CrF 3 , MnF 2 , FeF 3 , CoCl 2 , NiF 2 , ZrF 4 , ThF 4 , HF/Cr 2 O 3 , HF/Cr ⁇ 3F2, HF/SbC ⁇ /C, and HF/SnCl4.
- the fluorination catalyst is present in an amount sufficient to catalyze the reaction between the UFg and the alcohol, acid, ester, aldehyde or epoxide.
- the fluorination catalyst is preferably present in a mole ratio of UF to catalyst ranging from about 1000: 1 to about 1 : 1 or more preferably from about 20:1 to about 1 : 1.
- the reaction is conducted at a temperature of from about 15 °C to about 800 °C, or more preferably from about 75 °C to about 200 °C.
- the reaction is conducted at a pressure of from about -15 psig to about 500 psig, or more preferably from about 50 psig to about 150 psig.
- the reduction is conducted for from about .1 hours to about 48 hours, or more preferably from about 0.5 hours to about 8 hours depending on the substrate. In a flow configuration, this corresponds to a liquid hourly space velocity ranging from about 0.02 to about 10 or more preferably from about 0.1 and about 2
- the most advantageous reaction time may be determined by those skilled in the art
- the reaction is conducted in an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon.
- the reaction can be conducted in a batch mode or continuous reactor configuration and in gas phase or liquid phase.
- a suitable solvent which is preferably an excess of the alcohol, acid, ester, aldehyde or epoxide.
- a 10-ml Hoke stainless steel single-neck sample cylinder was charged with 0.1 16 g (1.5 mmol) calcium fluoride under a nitrogen atmosphere and was attached to a stainless steel vacuum manifold equipped with a pressure sensing transducer.
- the reactor was purged with helium three times and evacuated.
- 2-Propanol (1.787 g, 29 7 mmol) that had been previously dried over 3 Angstrom moiecular sieves was vacuum transferred into the reactor following multiple freeze-pump-thaw cycles.
- the reactor was closed, warmed to ambient temperature (22.6°C) and re-evacuated after cooling to liquid nitrogen temperature.
- a 10-ml Hoke stainless steel single-neck sample cylinder was attached to a stainless steel vacuum manifold equipped with a pressure sensing transducer and was charged with 1.08 g (3.1 mmol) uranium hexafluoride and 0.728 g (12.1 mmol) of 2-propanol by vacuum transfer.
- the reactor was chilled to liquid nitrogen temperature and evacuated.
- the reactor was cooled to ambient temperature and a residual pressure 29 psig was noted.
- the reactor was cooled to liquid nitrogen temperature, evacuated and all volatile materials were vacuum transferred into a receiving flask containing ca. 1.5 g.
- a 10-ml Hoke stainless steel single-neck sample cylinder was charged with 0.032 g (0.4 mmol) calcium fluoride under an nitrogen atmosphere and was attached to a stainless steel vacuum manifold equipped with a pressure sensing transducer.
- the reactor was evacuated and charged with 2.16 g (6.1 mmol) uranium hexafluoride and 1.007 g (16.8 mmol) 2-propanol by vacuum transfer.
- the reactor was chilled to liquid nitrogen temperature and evacuated.
- the reactor was cooled to ambient temperature and a residual pressure 31 psig was noted.
- the reactor was cooled to liquid nitrogen temperature, evacuated, and all volatile materials were vacuum transferred into a receiving flask containing ca 1.6 g sodium fluoride as a scavenger of hydrogen fluoride.
- Approximately 2 g carbon tetrachloride was transferred into the product receiving flask to facilitate analysis.
- Analysis by gas chromatography, gas chromatographic mass spectrometer, and ⁇ F NMR spectrometry indicated conversion of 2-propanol to 1, 1 difluoropropane, 2- fluoropropane and trace amounts of diisopropyl ether.
- Example 3 The procedure of Example 3 was followed except the reactants were 0.406 g (7.0 mmol) dimethyl ketone and 2.44 g (6.9 mmol) UFg and there was no reactor charging with CaF2- No volatile products were observed. This example demonstrates that a dimethylketone could not be fluorinated satisfactorily.
- Example 2 Using the procedure of Example 1, 0.112 g (1.4 mmol) of CaF2 were reacted with 0.834 g (1 1.0 mmol) 1,3-propanediol and produced no pressure increases and no detectable amounts of volatile materials. This example demonstrates no reactivity toward calcium fluoride.
- Example 3 is repeated except the reaction of ethylene oxide and UFg in the presence of a catalytic amount of CaF2 produces 1, 1-difluoroethane.
- Example 3 is repeated except the reaction of cyclohexene and UF in the presence of a catalytic amount of CaF2 produces 1,1 -difluorocyclohexane.
- Example 3 is repeated except the reaction of methylacetate and UFg in the presence of a catalytic amount of CaF2 produces 1,1,1-trifluoroethane.
- Example 3 is repeated except the reaction of ethyl benzoate and UFg in the presence of a catalytic amount of CaF2 produces 1, 1-trifluoromethylbenzene
- EXAMPLE 14 is repeated except the reaction of ethyl benzoate and UFg in the presence of a catalytic amount of CaF2 produces 1, 1-trifluoromethylbenzene
- Example 3 is repeated except the reaction of acetic acid and UFg in the presence of a catalytic amount of CaF2 produces 1,1, 1-trifluoroethane.
- Example 3 is repeated except the reaction of malonic acid and UFg in the presence of a catalytic amount of CaF2 produces 1, 1, 1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane.
- Example 3 is repeated except the reaction of acetaldehyde and UFg in the presence of a catalytic amount of CaF2 produces 1,1,1-trifluoroethane.
- Example 3 is repeated except the reaction of benzaldehyde and UFg in the presence of a catalytic amount of CaF2 produces 1,1, 1-trifluoromethylbenzene.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP8517018A JPH10509718A (en) | 1994-11-23 | 1995-11-17 | Conversion of oxygenated organic compounds to fluorocarbons and anhydrous hydrogen fluoride using uranium hexafluoride |
EP95941427A EP0793632A1 (en) | 1994-11-23 | 1995-11-17 | Conversion of oxygenated organic compounds to fluorocarbons and anhydrous hydrogen fluoride using uranium hexafluoride |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US34483294A | 1994-11-23 | 1994-11-23 | |
US08/344,832 | 1994-11-23 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1996016002A1 true WO1996016002A1 (en) | 1996-05-30 |
Family
ID=23352251
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1995/015076 WO1996016002A1 (en) | 1994-11-23 | 1995-11-17 | Conversion of oxygenated organic compounds to fluorocarbons and anhydrous hydrogen fluoride using uranium hexafluoride |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0793632A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH10509718A (en) |
KR (1) | KR980700243A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1166819A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2203543A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1996016002A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA959080B (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114507115A (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-05-17 | 浙江诺亚氟化工有限公司 | Method for preparing fluoroalkane compound from fluorinated epoxide |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106397102A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-15 | 山东同成医药股份有限公司 | Halogenated hydrocarbon product and sealed heat insulation pressurized production method thereof |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2859245A (en) * | 1956-11-14 | 1958-11-04 | Du Pont | Reaction of sf4 with organic compounds containing a carbonyl radical |
US3235608A (en) * | 1962-03-19 | 1966-02-15 | Du Pont | Fluorination with uranium hexafluoride |
EP0503792A1 (en) * | 1991-03-12 | 1992-09-16 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Fluorination of halogenated alkanes with high-valent metal fluorides |
-
1995
- 1995-10-26 ZA ZA959080A patent/ZA959080B/en unknown
- 1995-11-17 CN CN95196418A patent/CN1166819A/en active Pending
- 1995-11-17 JP JP8517018A patent/JPH10509718A/en active Pending
- 1995-11-17 WO PCT/US1995/015076 patent/WO1996016002A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-11-17 EP EP95941427A patent/EP0793632A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-11-17 KR KR1019970703416A patent/KR980700243A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-11-17 CA CA002203543A patent/CA2203543A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2859245A (en) * | 1956-11-14 | 1958-11-04 | Du Pont | Reaction of sf4 with organic compounds containing a carbonyl radical |
US3235608A (en) * | 1962-03-19 | 1966-02-15 | Du Pont | Fluorination with uranium hexafluoride |
EP0503792A1 (en) * | 1991-03-12 | 1992-09-16 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Fluorination of halogenated alkanes with high-valent metal fluorides |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114507115A (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-05-17 | 浙江诺亚氟化工有限公司 | Method for preparing fluoroalkane compound from fluorinated epoxide |
CN114507115B (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2023-08-15 | 浙江诺亚氟化工有限公司 | Method for preparing fluorocarbon compounds from fluorinated epoxides |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2203543A1 (en) | 1996-05-30 |
EP0793632A1 (en) | 1997-09-10 |
KR980700243A (en) | 1998-03-30 |
JPH10509718A (en) | 1998-09-22 |
ZA959080B (en) | 1996-08-02 |
CN1166819A (en) | 1997-12-03 |
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